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Centranthus Trinervis (Viv.) Bég CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Bég. Nom d’espèce ● Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Bég. (+ synonymes) ● Centranthus nervosus Moris ● Valeriana trinervis Viv. Taxonomie ● Ordre : Dipsacales ● Famille : CAPRIFOLIACEAE Noms communs ● Français : Centrante trinervé Description ● Plante vivace, glabre et glauque, en touffes, à souche épaisse. Tiges de 20 à 40 cm, dressées, striées, creuses. Feuilles opposées, entières, oblongues-ovales, à plusieurs nervures divergentes. Inflorescence en panicule corymbiforme. Fleurs à corolle petite (2 à 5 mm), blanche à rosée, à éperon très petit, réduit à une bosse plus courte que l'ovaire. Fruits de 2-3 mm, glabres, surmontés de soies plumeuses. ● Type biologique : Hémicryptophyte. Photos 1 CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC Biologie ● Période de floraison : avril-juin. ● Période de fructification : mai-juin. ● Pollinisation : par les insectes. ● Stratégie de dispersion : Les semences sont disséminées par le vent (anémochorie) grâce aux pappus plumeux présents sur les fruits. N éanmoins, certains akènes n’en possèdent pas, la dissémination se fait alors à proximité ou en contrebas des pieds- mères (barochorie). Ecologie ● Etage de végétation : thermoméditerranéen ● Milieu : La plante croit dans les fissures et sur les replats de falaises granitiques très abruptes, en exposition nord-est et nord- ouest, entre 150 et 200 m d’altitude. ● Habitat : 8220.20 : Falaises siliceuses thermophiles de Corse. ● Substrat : Granite Photos d’habitat 2 CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC 3 CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC Distribution L’espèce est endémique stricte de Corse. Les populations sardes, historiquement rattachées à C. trinervis, sont bien séparées géographiquement et écologiquement et ont été individualisées sous l'appellation Centranthus amazonum Fridl. (A. Fridlender, A. Raynal-Roques, 1998). Ce taxon est extrêmement localisé, puisque la totalité de la population connue se résume à une seule station comprenant de 100 à 145 individus, implantés sur les falaises granitiques du Massif de la Trinité (commune de Bonifacio). Cartographie Carte 1. Localisation de Centranthus trinervis en Corse. 4 CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC Statut réglementaire ● Protection nationale (arrêté du 20 janvier 1982 fixant la liste des espèces végétales protégées sur l'ensemble du territoire, version consolidée au 14 février 2017), ● Protection régional (arrêté du 24 juin 1986 relatif à la liste des espèces végétales protégées en Corse complétant la liste nationale) ● Convention de Berne Annexe I, ● Directive Habitats-Faune-Flore Annexes II et IV. Statut IUCN ● EN « En danger d’extinction», Liste rouge mondiale de l'UICN (évaluation 2011), ● EN « En danger d’extinction», Liste rouge européenne de l'UICN (évaluation 2011), ● EN « En danger d’extinction», Liste rouge de la Flore vasculaire de France métropolitaine-1 (évaluation 2012), ● EN « En danger d’extinction», Liste Rouge régionale de la flore vasculaire de Corse (évaluation, 2015). Menaces Bien que stable depuis plus de 15 ans, la population de Centranthus trinervis de la Trinité est la seule station mondiale actuellement connue. De ce fait, elle est particulièrement vulnérable. D’autres menaces, pourraient potentiellement impacter la station, mais leur influence n’a pas été évaluée : - les incendies, bien que celui de 1994, ne semble pas avoir eu trop de conséquences sur l'effectif, - l'hybridation avec C. ruber (L.) DC., obtenue en culture, pourrait aussi représenter une menace non négligeable pour l'espèce. C. ruber, naturellement absent de Corse, est fréquemment planté et naturalisé sur l'ile, y compris à Bunifaziu, - enfin, la fermeture du milieu. Action de conservation déjà La station de cette espèce rarissime a fait l'objet de plusieurs mesures de réalisée conservation : - la majeure partie du site a été acquise par le Conservatoire du littoral (Cdl), - le site est classé, pour partie, en Natura 2000, - l’espèce à fait l'objet d'un plan national d'action (PNA), - des actions de concertation et de restauration des parois, après aménagement d'une via Cordata, ont permis de déséquiper les parois et de mettre hors d'atteinte la majeure partie des individus. 5 CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC Par ailleurs, l’espèce est suivie depuis 2003 et semble globalement stable. Justification de l’action Bien que la population soit stable et ne semble actuellement pas menacée, elle ne compte qu’une seule station au niveau mondial. L’opération programmée permettra de créer une nouvelle population de « sécurité » dans un lieu éloigné de la station d’origine, comme cela est préconisé dans le PNA. Les résultats de l’opération devraient permettre : - - d’améliorer les connaissances, - - et de vérifier l’aptitude de l’espèce à coloniser de nouveaux milieux. - Action de ● Création d’une population de « sécurité » dans un lieu éloigné conservation de la population « naturelle ». 200 plants, produits par la pépinière envisagée « les Aromatiques de l’île de beauté », sous le contrôle du CBNC, seront introduits sur un nouveau site (paroi rocheuse voisine du massif de la Trinité de Bonifacio), sur plusieurs placettes distinctes dont la localisation sera déterminée sur site. Les plants âgés de 6 mois à 1 an seront mis en place à l’automne 2017 et 2018. Des essais de semis direct seront également testés (200 graines). Suivi Un suivi mensuel sera effectué pendant les 2 premières années. Par la suite, un suivi annuel au printemps sera suffisant. Le suivi consistera : - à noter le nombre de pieds vivants dans chacune des placettes d’essais, - à les cartographier de manière à pouvoir les suivre individuellement dans le temps ; - à mesurer leur croissance, - à noter leur phénologie (plantules, rosettes, pieds fleuris), - à préciser leur taux de survie, - à recenser et cartographier les plantules. 6 CENTRANTHUS TRINERVIS - CBNC 7.
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