Investigating and Writing Architectural History

Investigating and Writing Architectural History: Subjects, Methodologies and Frontiers Papers from the Third EAHN International Meeting Edited by Michela Rosso Investigating and Writing Architectural History: Subjects, Methodologies and Frontiers

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Michela Rosso (ed.) Investigating and Writing Architectural History: Subjects, Methodologies and Frontiers Papers from the Third EAHN International Meeting Contents

Editor Preface, Michela Rosso 15 Michela Rosso 1. Early Modern

1.1. Fortified Palaces in Early Modern Europe, 1400–1700, 33 English editing Layout Pieter Martens, Konrad Ottenheym, Nuno Senos Adrian Forty Elisa Bussi 1.1.1 Fortified Palaces inE arly Modern Sicily: Models, Image Strategy 35 Josephine Kane Functions, Emanuela Garofalo, Fulvia Scaduto Susan Klaiber Copyright 1.1.2 The Castrum Sanctae Crucis in Cremona: From FortifiedC astle 48 Daniel Millette The authors to Courtly Residence, Jessica Gritti, Valeria Fortunato Nancy Stieber 1.1.3 From Old to New: The Transformation of the Castle of Porto de 62 Publishing Mós, Luís Serrão Gil Editorial proof-reading Politecnico di Torino 1.1.4 Symphony in Brick: Moscow Kremlin at the Time of Ivan III, 72 Studio Associato Comunicarch Elena Kashina ISBN 1.1.5 Seventeenth-Century FortifiedV illas in the County of Gorizia, with 81 Cover Image 978-88-8202-048-4 Residences Modelled on the Type of a Venetian Palace with Corner Towers, Mauro Melis Helena Seražin

1.2. Piedmontese Baroque Architecture Studies Fifty Years On, 92 Susan Klaiber 1.2.1 The Exchange of Architectural Models between Rome and Turin 94 before Guarini’s Arrival, Marisa Tabarrini 1.2.2 Guarino Guarini: The First ‘Baroque’ Architect, Marion Riggs 102 1.2.3 The Multifaceted Uses of Guarini’s Architettura Civile in 1968, 109 Martijn van Beek 1.2.4 Idealism and Realism: Augusto Cavallari Murat, Elena Gianasso 115 1.2.5 A Regional Artistic Identity? Three Exhibitions in Comparison, 121 Giuseppe Dardanello 1.2.6 Wittkower’s ‘Gothic’ Baroque: Piedmontese Buildings as Seen 122 Around 1960, Cornelia Jöchner

3 1.3. On the Way to Early Modern: Issues of Memory, Identity and 130 2.3. Layers of Meanings: Narratives and Imageries of Architecture, 259 Practice, Open Session, Valérie Nègre Open Session, Cânâ Bilsel 1.3.1 Quadrature and Drawing in Early Modern Architecture, Lydia M. Soo 131 2.3.1 The Plan as Eidos: Bramante’s Half-Drawing and Durand’s marche, 260 1.3.2 Some Observations on Andrea Palladio, Silvio Belli and the Theory 132 Alejandra Celedon Forster of Proportion, Maria Cristina Loi 2.3.2 ‘What do Pictures Really Want’? Photography, Blight and Renewal 271 1.3.3 Moralizing Money through Space in Early Modernity, Lauren Jacobi 144 in Chicago, Wesley Aelbrecht 1.3.4 Staging War in Maghreb: Architecture as a Weapon by the 1500s, 152 2.3.3 Content, Form and Class Nature of Architecture in the 1950s-China, 272 Jorge Correia Ying Wang, Kai Wang

1.4. Architects, Craftsmen and Interior Ornament, 1400–1800, 153 2.4. Architecture, Art, and Design in Italian Modernism: Strategies of 283 Christine Casey, Conor Lucey Synthesis 1925-60, Daniel Sherer 1.4.1 Architecture Before the Architects: Building S. Theodore’s 154 2.4.1 ‘Fantasia degli Italiani’ as Participatory Utopia: Costantino Nivola’s 285 Chapel of S. Mark’s Basilica in Venice, 1486-93, Maria Bergamo Way to the Synthesis of the Arts, Giuliana Altea 1.4.2 Decoration in Religious Architecture of the Eighteenth Century 163 2.4.2 Carlo Mollino’s Enchanted Rooms: Face-to-Face with Art in a 296 in the South Eastern Part of Central Europe, Dubravka Botica Company Town, 1930-60, Michela Comba 1.4.3 Architects of the Islamic Work and Phrasing Concepts in Geometry, 174 2.4.3 The Logics of arredamento: Art and Civilization 1928-36, 307 Mohammad Gharipour, Hooman Koliji Ignacio González Galán 1.4.4 Architects, Craftsmen and Marble Decoration in Eighteenth-Century 183 2.4.4 The Synthesis of the Arts as a Critical Instrument for Modern 308 Piedmont, Roberto Caterino, Elena di Majo Architecture. The Role of Ernesto Nathan Rogers: 1944-49, Luca Molinari 2.4.5 Gio Ponti’s Stile, Cecilia Rostagni 316

2. Representation and Communication 2.5. The Medium is the Message: The Role of Exhibitions and 326 Periodicals in Critically Shaping Postmodern Architecture, 2.1. Public Opinion, Censorship and Architecture in the Eighteenth 195 Veronique Patteeuw, Léa Catherine Szacka Century, Carlo Mambriani, Susanna Pasquali 2.5.1 Charles Moore’s Perspecta: Essays and Postmodern Eclecticism, 328 2.1.1 Public Opinion in Amsterdam: Building the Society Felix Meritis, 197 Patricia A. Morton Freek Schmidt 2.5.2 Between Language and Form: Exhibitions by Reima Pietilä, 1961-74, 329 2.1.2 An Architect’s Reputation: Libel and Public Opinion in Britain, 208 Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen Timothy Hyde 2.5.3 Bau Magazine and the Architecture of Media, Eva Branscome 330 2.1.3 Theater Acoustics in the Late Eighteenth-Century Press, Joseph Clarke 218 2.5.4 Entertaining the Masses: IAUS’s Economy of Cultural Production, 331 Kim Förster 2.2. The Published Building in Word and Image, 229 Anne Hultzsch, 2.5.5 Image, Medium, Artifact: Heinrich Klotz and Postmodernism, 332 Catalina Mejia Moreno Daniela Fabricius 2.2.1 Catalogues and Cablegrams, Mari Lending 231 2.2.2 Illustrated Picturesquely and Architecturally in Photography – 232 William Stillman and the Acropolis in Word and Image, Dervla MacManus, 3. Questions of Methodology Hugh Campbell 2.2.3 Lost for Words: How the Architectural Image Became a Public 233 3.1. Producing Non-Simultaneity: Construction Sites as Places of 335 Spectacle on Its Own, Patrick Leitner Progressiveness and Continuity, Eike-Christian Heine, Christian Rauhut 2.2.4 In Wort und Bild: Sigfried Giedion, Walter Gropius and the Fagus 242 3.1.1 Mixing Time: Ancient-Modern Intersections along the Western 336 Factory, Jasmine Benyamin Anatolian Railways, Elvan Cobb 2.2.5 Juxtapositions and Semantic Collisions of Text and Image in 247 3.1.2 Steel as Medium. Constructing WGC, a Tallish Building in Postwar 347 Architectural Magazines of the 1920s and 1930s, Hélène Jannière Sweden, Frida Rosenberg

4 5 3.1.3 Between Technological Effectiveness and Artisanal Inventiveness: 355 3.5.3 Architecture’s Red Tape: Governmental Building in Sweden 539 Concreting Torres Blancas (1964–69), Marisol Vidal 1964-72, Erik Sigge 3.1.4 The Glocal Construction Site and the Labour of Complex Geometry, 366 3.5.4 Provisional Permanence: the NATO Headquarters in Brussels, 549 Roy Kozlovsky Sven Sterken 3.5.5 The Jewish Agency for Israel - the Constructions of a Civic Frontier 559 3.2. The Historiography of the Present, Andrew Leach 376 in Tel Aviv (1955-66), Martin Hershenzon 3.2.1 Proclaiming the End of Postmodernism in Architecture, 378 Valéry Didelon 3.6. Revolutionizing Familiar Terrain: The Cutting Edge of Research 573 3.2.2 Architectural Discourse and the Rise of Cultural Studies, Antony Moulis 387 in Classical Architecture and Town-planning, Round Table, Daniel Millette, 3.2.3 After Nature: Architectural History and Environmental Culture, 395 Samantha Martin-McAuliffe Daniel Barber 3.6.1 Residency Patterns and Urban Stability: A Theory for Republican 574 3.2.4 Looking Back, Looking Now: Architecture’s Construction of History, 406 Rome, Lisa Marie Mignone Inbal Ben-Asher Gittler, Naomi Meiri-Dann 3.6.2 The Pompeii Quadriporticus Project 2013: New Technologies and 581 3.2.5 Radical Histories and Future Realities – NOW, Lara Schrijver 416 New Implications, Eric Poehler 3.6.3 Reconstructing Rhythm: Digital Modelling and Light at the Parthenon, 587 3.3. On Foot: Architecture and Movement, David Karmon, Christie Anderson 424 Paul Christesen, Aurora Mc Clain 3.3.1 Porticoes and Privation: Walking to Meet the Virgin, Paul Davies 426 3.6.4 The Urban Development of Late Hellenistic Delos, Mantha Zarmakoupi 593 3.3.2 Defining theB oundaries of London: Perambulation and the City in 437 3.6.5 Classical Architecture, Town Planning and Digital Mapping of Cities: 599 the Long Eighteenth Century, Elizabeth McKellar Rome AD 320, Lynda Mulvin 3.3.3 Walking through the Pain: Healing and Ambulation at Pergamon 448 3.6.6 Digital Modelling in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace 607 Asklepieion, Ece Okay Bonna D. Wescoat 3.3.4 Raymond Unwin Tramping the Taskscape, Brian Ward 460

4. Theoretical and Critical Issues 3.4. ‘Bread & Butter and Architecture’: Accommodating the Everyday, 477 Ricardo Agarez, Nelson Mota 4.1. Histories of Environmental Consciousness, Panayiota Pyla 617 3.4.1 Humdrum Tasks of the Salaried-Men: Edwin Williams, a LCC 479 4.1.1 Environmental Counter Narratives in India c. 1960, Ateya Khorakiwala 619 Architect at War, Nick Beech 4.1.2 We Want to Change Ourselves to Make Things Different, 629 3.4.2 Third Text: Albert Kahn and the Architecture of Bureaucracy, 492 Caroline Maniaque Benton Claire Zimmerman 4.1.3 Zoo Landscapes and the Construction of Nature, Christina 640 3.4.3 The Architect, the Planner and the Bishop: the Shapers of ‘Ordinary’ 493 Katharina May Dublin, 1940-70, Ellen Rowley 4.1.4 Experiments on Thermal Comfort and Modern Architecture: 651 3.4.4 Layers of Invisibility: Portuguese State Furniture Design 1940-74, 501 The Contributions of André Missenard and Le Corbusier, Ignacio Requena Ruiz, João Paulo Martins, Sofia Diniz Daniel Siret 3.4.5 Bureaucratic Avant-Garde: Norm-Making as Architectural Production, 514 4.1.5 The United Nations Headquarters and the Global Environment, 663 Anna-Maria Meister Alexandra Quantrill

3.5. The Architecture of State Bureaucracy: Reassessing the Built 515 4.2. Architecture and conflict, c. 300 – c. 1600, Lex Bosman 664 Production of (Colonial) Governments, Rika Devos, Johan Lagae 4.2.1 The Palace Hall of Chrysotriklinos as an Example of Emulation and 666 3.5.1 SOM, 1939-46: From ‘Engineered Dwelling’ to the Manhattan 517 Contestation in the Early Byzantine Period, Nigel Westbrook Project, Hyun-Tae Jung 4.2.2 Building Identity and Community in the Post-Crusade Greece: 683 3.5.2 Unmonumental Buildings, Monumental Scale: Santiago Civic District, 527 The Architecture of Interaction in the Thirteenth-Century Peloponnesos, Daniel Opazo Heather E. Grossman

6 7 4.2.3 Sienese Fortifications in the Age of the Guelph Commune, 684 5. Twentieth Century Max Grossman 4.2.4 ‘Faciendo sette et sedicion’: Architecture and Conflict in 697 5.1. In-Between Avant-Garde Discourse and Daily Building Practices: 795 Sixteenth-century Verona, Wouter Wagemakers The Development of the Shopping Centre in Post-War Europe, 4.2.5 Political Power through Architectural Wonder. Parma, Teatro 706 Tom Avermaete, Janina Gosseye Farnese, Susanna Pisciella 5.1.1 Shopping à l’américaine in the French New Towns, Kenny Cupers 797 5.1.2 From Million Program to Mall: Consumerism in the Swedish Town 798 4.3. How It All Begun: Primitivism and the Legitimacy of Architecture 715 Centre, 1968-84, Jennifer Mack in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Maarten Delbeke, Linda 5.1.3 Reinventing the Department Store in Rotterdam: Breuer’s Bijenkorf 799 Bleijenberg, Sigrid de Jong; Respondent: Caroline van Eck 1953-57, Evangelia Tsilika 4.3.1 On the Colonial Origins of Architecture: Building the ‘Maison Rustique’ 717 5.1.4 Chilean Commercial Snail Buildings: Typology, Shopping and the City, 812 in Cayenne, French Guiana, Erika Naginski, Eldra D. Walker Mario Marchant 4.3.2 Out of the Earth: Primitive Monuments between Prehistoric and Gothic 718 5.1.5 Building European Taste in Broader Communities: The Role of the 824 Ambitions, Jennifer Ferng David Jones Stores in the Promotion of Design and Architecture in Australia, 4.3.3 Viel de Saint-Maux and the Symbolism of Primitive Architecture, 727

Cosmin C. Ungureanu Silvia Micheli 4.3.4 Primitivism’s Return: Theories of Ornament and Their Debt to 728 5.2. Ideological Equality: Women Architects in Socialist Europe, 833 Eighteenth-century Antiquarianism, Ralph Ghoche 4.3.5 Cultural Transformations and Their Analysis in Art and Science: 729 Mary Pepchinski, Mariann Simon Anthropological and Curatorial Concepts Stimulated by the Great Exhibition 5.2.1 GDR Women Architects between Emancipation and Professional 835 of 1851, Claudio Leoni Obstinacy, Harald Engler 5.2.2 Women in Hungarian Industrial Architecture between 1945 and 846 4.4. Socialist Postmodernism: Architecture and Society under Late 730 1970, Péter Haba Socialism, Vladimir Kulić 5.2.3 Famous or Forgotten: Women Architects in Communist Poland, 855 4.4.1 A Dialectic of Negation: Modernism and Postmodernism in the 732 Piotr Marcinak USSR, Richard Anderson 5.2.4 Emancipated, but Still Accompanied, Henrieta Moravˇcíková 867 4.4.2 When Tomorrow Was Cancelled: Critique of Modernism in the 733 5.2.5 Female Students of Jože Pleˇcnik between Tradition and Modernism, 876 1970s, Daria Bocharnikova, Andres Kurg Tina Potoˇcnik 4.4.3 The Friedrichstadt Palace, Florian Urban 734 4.4.4 Neither Style, nor Subversion: Postmodern Architecture in Poland, 735 5.3. Missing Histories: Artistic Dislocations of Architecture in Socialist 885 Lidia Klein, Alicja Gzowska Regimes, Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss, Carmen Popescu 4.4.5 Sources of Postmodern Architecture in Late Socialist Belgrade, 736 5.3.1 Scene(s) for New Heritage?, Dubravka Sekulić 887 Ljiljana Blagojević 5.3.2 Radical Space for Radical Time: The Intersections of Architecture 888 and Performance Art in Estonia, 1986–91, Ingrid Ruudi 4.5. Histories and Theories of Anarchist Urbanism, Nader Vossoughian 747 5.3.3 Appropriation, Commemoration, and Resistance: A Shifting Discourse 898 4.5.1 The Legacy of the Anti-urban Ideology in Bruno Taut’s Architectural 748 on Political Space in Socialist China, Yan Geng Practice in Ankara (1936-8), Giorgio Gasco, Meltem Gürel 4.5.2 Henri Lefebvre’s Vers une architecture de la jouissance (1973): 760 5.3.4 ‘Our House’: The Socialist Block of Flats as Artistic Subject-Matter, 908 Architectural Imagination after May 1968, Łukasz Stanek Juliana Maxim 4.5.3 City of Individual Sovereigns: Josiah Warren’s Geometric Utopia, 761 Irene Cheng 5.4. The Third Life of Cities: Rediscovering the Post-Industrial City 910 4.5.4 Architectural Aporia of the Revolutionary City, Peter Minosh 771 Centre, Round Table, Davide Cutolo, Sergio Pace 4.5.5 ‘Housing Before Street’: Geddes’ 1925 Anarchist Plan For Tel Aviv, 780 5.4.1 When Turin Lost Its Myths, Cristina Accornero 912 Yael Allweil 5.4.2 The Case of Paris, Joseph Heathcott 916

8 9 5.4.3 Prague – Buildings, Spaces and People in its Re-discovered Centre, 920 6.2.3 Foundations of Renaissance Architecture and Treatises in Quentin 1072 Petr Kratochvíl Massys’ S. Anne Altarpiece (1509), Jochen Ketels, Maximiliaan Martens, 5.4.4 Turin to Naples, Stopping in Milan: Urban Transformations between 925 6.2.4 An Invented Order: Francesco di Giorgio’s Architectural Treatise 1084 Heritage and Theme Parks, Guido Montanari and Quattrocento Practice, Ageliki Pollali 5.4.5 Rediscovering a Port-City: Genoa’s New Waterfront, Luca Orlandi 932 6.2.5 Donami tempo che ti do vita – Francesco Laparelli (1521-70). 1085 5.4.6 A Return to Growth, Ted Sandstra 940 Envisioning the New ‘City of the Order’, Valletta, Conrad Thake

5.5. Strategies and Politics of Architecture and Urbanism after WWII, 941 6.3 European Architecture and the Tropics, Jiat-Hwee Chang 1095 Open Session, Adrian J. Forty 6.3.1 The Afro-Brazilian Portuguese Style in Lagos, Ola Uduku 1097 5.5.1 From Visual Planning to Outrage: Townscape and the Art of 942 6.3.2 Tectonics of Paranoia: The Matshed System within the First 1098 Environment, Mathew Aitchison Fabrication of Hong Kong, Christopher Cowell 5.5.2 Germany’s ‘Grey Architecture’ and its Forgotten Protagonists, 953 6.3.3 Architecture of Sun and Soil. European Architecture in Tropical 1119 Benedikt Boucsein Australia, Deborah van der Plaat 5.5.3 Process Above All: Shadrach Woods’ NonSchool of Villefranche, 964 6.3.4 Health, Hygiene and Sanitation in Colonial India, Iain Jackson 1131 Federica Doglio 6.3.5 Climate, Disaster, Shelter: Architecture, Humanitarianism and the 1141 5.5.4 Sacred Buildings in Italy after World War II: The Case of Turin, 976 Problem of the Tropics, Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi Carla Zito 5.5.5 Architecture Resisting Political Regime: The Case of Novi Zagreb, 986 Dubravka Vranic 6.4 Lost (and Found) in Translation: The Many Faces of Brutalism, 1142 Réjean Legault 6.4.1 When Communism Meets Brutalism: The AUA’s Critique of 1144 6. Circulation of Architectural Culture and Practices Production, Vanessa Grossman 6.4.2 Gravitas and Optimism: The Paradox of Brutalism in Skopje, 1145 6.1. Afterlife of Byzantine Architecture in the Nineteenth and 1007 Mirjana Lozanovska Twentieth Century, Aleksandar Ignjatovic 6.4.3 Bringing it All Home: Australia’s Embrace of ‘Brutalism’ 1955-75, 1146 6.1.1 Suburban Byzantine: Tradition and Modernity in the British Catholic 1009 Philip Goad Church, Robert Proctor 6.4.4 African Ethic, Brutalist Aesthetic: Vieira da Costa in Huambo, 1158 6.1.2 To Find the Right Style: Byzantine Revival Synagogues in America, 1010 Ana Tostões, Margarida Quintã Michael B. Rabens 6.4.5 Hard Cases: Bricks and Bruts from North to South, 1159 6.1.3 France-Byzantium: The Authority of the Sacré-Cœur, 1019 Jessica Basciano Ruth Verde Zein 6.1.4 Architectural Explorations of Byzantine Revival in 1920s Greece, 1031 Kalliopi Amygdalou 6.5 Southern Crossings: Iberia and Latin America in Architectural 1160 Translation, Marta Caldeira, Maria Gonzaléz Pendás 6.2. Building by the Book? Theory as Practice in Renaissance 1042 6.5.1 Southern Readings: Lucio Costa on Modern Architecture, 1162 Architecture, Francesco Benelli, Sara Galletti Carlo Eduardo Comas 6.2.1 ‘Restauramenti e Restitutioni di Case’. Book VII on Architecture by 1044 6.5.2 Avant-Garde Crossings between Italy, Argentina and Spain: From 1174 Serlio and the Dissemination of Classical Order in the Language of Gropius and Argan to Nueva Visión and Arte Normativo, Paula Barreiro López Monumental Architecture and Basic Building in Ferrara, Alessandro Ippoliti, 6.5.3 Shells Across Continents, Juan Ignacio del Cueto Ruiz-Funes 1175 Veronica Balboni 6.2.2 ‘Libri tre nei quali si scuopre in quanti modi si può edificare vn 1058 6.5.4 Emili Blanch Roig and Modern Architecture: Catalonia and Mexico, 1180 Monast. sÿ la Chiesa’: Architectural Treatise of Capuchin Friar Antonio da Gemma Domènech Casadevall Pordenone, Tanja Martelanc 6.5.5 Re-entry: Antonio Bonet’s Return to Spain, Ana Maria León 1186

10 11 7.1 Architectural History in Italian Doctoral Programs: Issues of Theory and Criticism, PhD Round Table, Mary McLeod, Maristella Casciato 7.1.1 Meyer and Paulsson on Monumentality: The Beginning of a Debate, 1198 1911-40, Giacomo Leone Beccaria 7.1.2 A relational issue: towards an international debate on habitat from 1200 the 9th Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne, Giovanni Comoglio 7.1.3 The Urban Landscape as Cultural Heritage. The Contemporary 1203 Debate in France and Italy, Elena Greco 7.1.4 ‘A Home’: Östberg’s search for the total artwork, Chiara Monterumisi 1205 7.1.5 Order and Proportion: Dom Hans van der Laan and the 1207 Expressiveness of the Architectonic Space, Tiziana Proietti 7.1.6 The Use of the Convenzioni Urbanistiche in the Historic Centre 1209 Investigating and Writing Architectural History: of Milan: Negotiation and Planning Instruments in the Second Post-War Subjects, Methodologies and Frontiers Period, Nicole De Togni

7.2 Architectural History in Italian Doctoral Programs: Histories of Buildings, Architects and Practices, PhD Round Table, Mari Hvattum 7.2.1 Ahmedabad. Workshop of Modern Architecture: The National 1213 Institute of Design, Elisa Alessandrini 7.2.2 Transformations of Public Space in Paris. From Infrastructure to 1215 Forme urbaine, Daniele Campobenedetto 7.2.3 Layers of Narration: The Architecture of Piero Bottoni in Ferrara, 1217 Matteo Cassani Simonetti 7.2.4 Architecture that Teaches. Swiss School Buildings During the 1950s 1219 and 1960s, Marco Di Nallo 7.2.5 Star-Shaped Rib Vaulting in the Church of San Domenico, Cagliari, 1221 Federico M. Giammusso 7.2.6 The Evolution of Domestic Space in Southern Italy and Sicily, 1223 Serena Guidone 7.2.7 From the South. Ernesto Basile’s Routes and Destinations, 1225 Eleonora Marrone 7.2.8 The Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, Paradigm of Modern Architecture 1227 in Postwar Germany, Benedetta Stoppioni 7.2.9 Magnificentia. Devotion and Civic Piety in the Renaissance 1229 Venetian Republic, Emanuela Vai

5. twentieth century walls thatisphysically integratedintothe city, because heseesthecityand In “ the architecttosociety, andshowed sympathytostudentprotesters. idea oftheintegration cityandtheschool,sharedacommitmentof ties betweenW L N 09, folder9.17) Woods in thesewritingsapluralistic approachtoeducation. T education inschoolsofarchitecturetoo. H same issueofthisjournal, he outlinedmanyofhisthoughtsaboutarchitecturaleducation. and itwassoonafterpublishedinthe began asalectureat ideas, debates oneducation.W ofananti- part istrative headquarters, 966 ibrar eam on er T S tzberger, on PeterPrangnellandothers publishedsignificantarticles he chool in y, 6 X C the most important ofwhichwas“ themostimportant C , orinfluencedbythisgroup’ E ollection, olumbia ducation V illefranche, stationery. In: U oods’ article and oods’ article A niversity very very B azaar A H rchitectural andFine , ar ,” Woods describeshisconceptofaschoolwithout N ew vard’s oods gaveaseriesoflecturesexploringthese Y A ork ldo G C G raduate ity (Feldbox V iancarlo s workandthought,theyproposed an S hadrach V Harvard EducationalReview. Harvard E ietnam warprotest,therehadbeen yck, A r S ts T D chool of hese authorswereallpar T e G he C (1972), of the War (1963-75),the H occupation of D and multipleperspectives. ceptance of divergent values pluralism –thatis,theac- cational modelgroundedin andanedu- orative efforts was an emphasis C W educators, like and manyintellectuals radical institutionalchange, systems. cal, socialandeducational tioning political,economi- to denouncethepoorly func- crisis (1973) led students the W R C iancarlo arlo’ entral tothesechanges risis (1962),the ights movement(1968), uring all, E oods, listened. ducation 8 D H s: bothfocusedonthe

O esign ( ar N ne canespeciallysee atergate the 1968 student ixon administration D vard’s mainadmin- and the global oil e T hey demanded B C GSD azaar,” where arlo, 5 T ) in1969, U on collab- S he ar S hadrach V H niversity candals 7 ietnam Inthe erman ticle C t of ivil N N ing historical terms,Fluxus,follow- toclassifyintraditionalart While difficult Filliou. ceived by S Woods’ conceptofthe artistic disciplinesfromthebeginningof1960s. artistic activeinmanydifferent asaninformalneo-dadagroupofartists portrayed at began collaboratingwith A T ture, signed,undated,andneverpublished,whichcanbefoundin In analyzingWoods’ writings,weturntoanotherversionofthesamelec- ing as Performing ing as Performing essay owesagreatdealtoFilliou’s book‘ extraordinary Filliou and versations betweentheartists tion influenced Woods’ approach.Indeed,thetextincludesexcerptsofcon- Fluxus ‘movement’,especiallyto a more open attitude, and revealing close intellectual bonds to the French incontent andmannerofexpression,showing the publishedversion,differs W its streets asplacesforlearning. ing a ‘nonart’. ing a‘nonart’. insociety,’ andtherole oftheartist thefunctionofart, promot- about art, ar fromaroundtheworldgathered between1965and1968. artists V T competition on the expansion of the city of the ideas mightbetranslatedintouniversitydesigns,notingespeciallyhisworkin and ‘manoranimal?’hepairstextimagetoexplainhowhistheoretical ‘the gap’,removalofbarriers’,cityasaschool;theschoolcity’, alternative modelofeducation,whichhecallsthe tional processneedsto overcome thebarriersof the past,heintroducesan idea thattheuniversitymust be integrated into the city and that theeduca- of an his secondversionof“ he personalandintellectual relationship ofthethreemencanbetracedto chool of illefranche-sur merican architect-tar ovember 1968andearly1970. ew tists were part of a movement which ‘challenged preconceived notions tists were part oods C D J I A Y ohn ublin E ork M ducational C ollection X H C S U V I, workedwith J endricks’ ity hadrach illefranche’, aradicalexperimentinthefieldofeducationcon niversity ohn . 17 T -Mer, a smallvillageintheFrench his secondversionwasprobablywrittensometimebetween

C B at age. Itisclearthatthisunpublished azaar A s definitioninhis1988bookFluxusCodex,mightbe C Woods and the French- A r ollege designcompetition(1964)andanoutlineforthe ts.’ very very tist , ofthe T N R 14 he ober on C J Woods got to know D oachim Pfeufer andilis- rawings E S ducation chool throughhisexperiencewiththe‘ A t FilliouonthePoipoidromprojectin1963. C llan Kaprowand R 9 ity as summarizes this concept as ober J H 12 osic-W e and

T t Filliou,whoseownideasoneduca- B E hrough it,weseetheevolutionof ducation.’ azaar A oods from1960to1968,and , rchives C 15 aen in A who firstmet Woods in1959 ,” while structurally similarto merican R R N C 10 ober ober at on ote d’ 1961. In developing this 1961. In developingthis In four sections entitled Infoursectionsentitled 13 S C

chool. t Filliou,andbetween olumbia Fluxus artist Fluxus artist t Filliou through the T eaching and A S zur hadrach W 11 11 , whereFluxus U niversity S ‘the idea ‘the idea hadrach R L 967 T ober oods’ earn hose N on 16 in t - - -

5. twentieth century 5. twentieth century pret and reinterpret contemporary life. pret andreinterpretcontemporary on existential problems andseekstointer and poeticbookthatputsforth his 1970book‘ ‘ two Filliou’ appropriating Fluxus’terms,a‘nonshop’.‘ site andmusicalinstruments. ellery an unusualexhibition-saleinwhichtheysoldvariouscreations,suchasjew- laboratory, cametogethertoshowcasetheirworksin whereFluxusartists established ‘ and influencedbytheideasofFilliou,aprominentfigureinFluxus. replace traditional waysoflearningatthe college level, par statement of project. Woods appliedthe ideasofthe‘ the educationalprocess:theywouldenrichitandgive new perspective. V C his own college-level architecture,drawingonthesenotionsin thedevelopmentof year lifefrom Woods travelledfrequentlyto In with thescholasticinstitutionandbrokepastinstitutionsofschool. most importantly, opentoallananti-schoolthatrejectedanyrelationship any predeterminedprogram,andtocreateaschoolthatwasfree,fair, and, Woods encounteredtheFluxusworldfirstat correspondence, etc...’ visual poetry, non-instrumentalmusic,games, films,street performances, insuchfieldsas:happenings,event,actionpoetry,by artists environments, techniquesdeveloped say eased–throughanapplicationoftheparticipation of theproblemsinherenttoteachingandlearningcan besolved–orlet’s L A T relationship betweenschool,city, andworld. educational process,andalsotheirradicalapproachtoreformulatingthe in the Woods of the arts drew uponFluxus’ emphasis on the importance his ideasandtheoreticalapproachtoarchitecturaleducation.Inpar his relationshipwiththemovementinParis,anditfundamentallyshaped T 968 earning asPer he basicideaof‘ illefranche workshop. ollection centralcharacteristicofthe he centreofPermanent V illefranche-sur-Mer, Fluxusmembers became, in practice, a combination of workshop and shop, or maybe, S N ome documentsrelatedtothisprojectareheldin s projects,andareallinterconnected:‘ on at S L N chool. a C S on olumbia eptember 1965to C forming T édille Qui eaching and S N chool philosophy onÉcole de T here arever 24 23 U

A In other words, the arts musthaveacorerolein Inotherwords,thearts R niversity; r C obert Fillioualsodiscussesthesubject brieflyin obert ts’, was, as Filliou asserted, ‘toshowhowsome ts’, was,asFilliouasserted, S reation.’ ourit’, anexperimentalspaceorshop,ar V L illefranche duringthenon-shop’s three- short earning asPer C N V N onceived firstasan illefranche’, or on y few primary sources forthe y fewprimary , andadescriptionoftheprogram ofthe on O these include 20 S ctober 1968. S chool, asdescribedin‘ chool of 25 R Woods wantedthe ober L a C forming t Filliouand édille’ wascreatedinsideof V V T illefranche’ totheworldof N illefranche, hemaintained he N on 21 on

E S H E ternal chool S nglish bookshop,the e wasfascinatedby, A chool r ts,’ anaccessible S G ticularly byintro - hadrach W , wastorefuse eorge N N T etwork’ stationery, a eaching and on N S on B 22 chool to recht ticular, S While 19 chool oods and 18 t -

E studios. Woods inthepersonalandanti-academicwaythatheconductedhisdesign Woods at other architecture schools where he taught. Indeed, in a recent interview, education, theconceptsandideasinfluencedcurriculumat of the artists. ducing anewteachingmethod,theabolitionofgrades,andintervention by H ization, which wouldopenstudentstovarious N revision’ ofthesystemarchitecturaleducationbasedonprinciples A guided inthedirectionoftheirowninterestsandpersonalinclinations. students wouldbegivenendlesswaystoanalyseproblems S ofatwo-way,were part continuouslyflowingprocess. teacher relationshipandcultivate a newmodelwhere teaching andlearning to theclassroomsetting:theywantedendfixedrulesofstudent- more, the individual’s abilityinacontinuouslychangingworldandjobmarket.Further excessive specializationpreventedculturaladoptionsandalsohinderedan adapt toshiftsthechangingmarketconditions.FilliouandWoods believed A Mar While Fluxusprovidedonemodel forW basis. national standingwhowouldbebroughtinonatemporary stantly changing,withthetheoreticaldirectionframed bypersonsofinter real problems and projects could be discussed by many in a common vision the futuresociety about socialchange, international congresses, ric Pfeufer chool wasnottobebasedonthetransmissionofinformation,butinstead pplying theseideastothearchitectureschool,W principleofthenonschoolwasidea non-special- nother important e envisionedtheadministrativemanagementof on T S xist ideology, Fluxuscalledfortheabolitionofclassesandappliedthis eam chool. great potentialtochange. society whichisinastateofbecoming,thatis,ways exhibit activities inways,placesandbuildingsthatrelatemoredirectly toa perceive. […]We shalldevelopnon-structurestoorganizeourvarious do theycorrespondtotheevolvinggoalswhichwecanoccasionally the urbanstructureswhichweknownolongercontainourneeds, nor 26 X H N . , 28 H ar on J Whereas Fluxus emphasized the role of artists inbringing WhereasFluxusemphasized theroleofartists e explainedthat A vard, insistedthatthe oachim S lthough chool soughttorevisemodesofteaching. . U nlike T eam Pfeufer’s younger brother and aformerstudentof Woods’ C T I A X eam M, whichwouldorganizethrough quasi-annual believedthatstudentswould bethecentreof 27

N X on ’ s meetingswereheldinateliers where S N chool on oods, healsowasheavilyinfluenced S chool didexistat was never realized in the field of disciplines and helpthem oods calledforthe‘total L earning atthe N on B S H then wouldbe orrowing from chool ascon- ar H vard under ar vard and 969 N on - - -

5. twentieth century 5. twentieth century D lecture titled‘thecityasaschool;theschoolcity’,inwhichherefersto upon theknowledgeandexperienceoflargerpopulace. an engagementwith T historic city. designed anextensionoftheuniversityinawaythatwouldintegrateinto ‘ Moreover, inthinkingaboutthecity itselfasaspaceofeducation,heargued explains: should drawupontheknowledgeandexperienceoflargerpopulace. In additiontoengagementwith developed extra-urbansitinginautonomousisolation. pus, withitscustomary attitude wascontrar and temporalcircumstancesasessentialforthedesignofauniversity the integrationofaprojectwithitscontext,seeinggeographical,cultural, and Italianarchitecteducator the architecturalschool,Woods drewuponideasfrom of architectureandurbanplanning.Inthinkingaboutthephysicalspace the futureofcities. T 970 he experimentthusaimedtodismantletraditionalschool hierarchies,andin e he citiesrepresentthefutureofW C arlo’ of thephysicalmilieu. and educationcometogether. global viewpointcanbereflected intheeducationprocess,urbanism becomes adaptable to the needs of the entire world and where the therevisionof academicstructures,wheretheentiresystem With of thephysicalmilieu. and educationcometogether. global viewpointcanbereflectedintheeducationprocess, urbanism becomes adaptable to the needs of the entire world and where the therevisionofacademicstructures,whereentiresystem With of socialactivities,abletoadapttheirconstantchanges[...]. not beafinisheddevice,butstructurethatbranchesoutintothefabric ered andconceivedasawhole,accordingtoeducationalneeds:itshould T ment, and– at he school should not be an island, but a part ofthephysicalenviron- he schoolshouldnotbeanisland,butapart Harvard EducationalReviewessay: s Harvard and implemented his concept in 29 s influence is clearly seen in the section of Woods’ D e C arlo’ best – the physical environment should itself be consid- C the city, Woods insistedthat theuniversityshoulddraw y tothetraditional ity andschoolinter 33 31 the city, Woods insistedthattheuniversity , E E ducation willbecomeanecessar ducation willbecomeanecessar G iancarlo estern society, andschoolsrepresent A twine toaninextricabledegree.’ nglo- D U e rbino S C axon conceptofthecam arlo. (1956-94), where he D e T H C eam e explains: arlo arguedfor 30 y part y part y part X member D e . C T arlo his H 32 e -

integrate theschoolwithcity T the city the futureofcities. ‘ Moreover, in thinking about the city itself as a space of education, he argued B the A E T Woods wonacompetitionforuniversitydesigninWest talented Free Woods triedtogiveformthistheoreticalexperimentinhisdesignofthe F Woods the yearhepassedaway. Itisbasedonhisprocess-centredwebconcept, his lastbuiltproject,withthefirstconstructionphasecompletedin1973, C T ity (Feldbox05) ducation erlin Free he experimentaimedtodismantletraditionalschoolhierarchiesand heir proposalreflectstheideashewouldlaterexpressinlecture“ bercrombie as‘oneofthemostradicalarchitectureslastcentur ree he citiesrepresentthefutureofW B U erlin U C niversity of , theflexibilityofspacesandideas. ollection, niversity G U erman architect Free B niversity. Pedestrian pathsgridoverlappingopenspacesgrid.In: azaar”: theonenessofschool,integrationprocesswith A U very very niversity B B erlin. IncollaborationwithManfred C A erlin ity andschoolinter rchitectural might be read as Woods’ manifesto. : who wasworking concluding and Fine . estern society, andschoolsrepresent A r twine toaninextricabledegree.’ ts

thoughts L D ibrar C escribed byhistorian andilis- y, C olumbia J osic-W S chiedhelm, ayoung U B niversity erlin in1963. oods inParis, 35 It was also , S N S hadrach ew 971 tanley T Y ork he y,’ 34

5. twentieth century 5. twentieth century ary movement,mightproduceprofound,long-lastingcultural betterment. ary ture ofeducation’that,morethananybuilding,designstrategy, ordisciplin- istic aspirations. convinced T allow forahighlevelofflexibilityandadaptability. façade withthegoalofproducingalight,modular, steelstructurethatwould L its life,theschoolwasalwaysleftopen,butitsoon brutally vandalized. betweenthem.Inthefirstyearsof ers, helpingtoovercomethedifferences platform or slab that would facilitate encounters among students and teach- of existingurbannetworks. collaboration, non-specialization,challengestohierarchy, andtheutilization ment notofhisarchitecture,butitsmethodsoperation,includingopen notable ofwhichwas was abletoaccommodatenumerouschangesandrenovations,themost more, stress theconceptofschoolasacityandschool.Further open, torecall the youngManfred which hepresentedin1962thejournalLeCarréBleu. a ‘mat-building’or‘ground-scraper’, 972 owards theendofhislifeWoods seemstohavegrownmoreand ater , somerestrictions were introduced.Inthefirstphaseofproject, J ean ProuvécollaboratedwithW that architecture did not in itself hold the tools to realize his ideal- best theideaofacity with itsblocks and itsstreets,to B ut S rather than growing disillusioned, he initiated a deploy- N chiedhelm stronglyinsistedonleavingthecorridors orman Foster’ T hese hesoughttoembedinanew‘architec 37 thisarchitecturewasconceivedasa s new library of1997. s newlibrary oods indesigningitsfamous A nd indeed,thestructure 36

L ater definedas C or ten - - cember 2011),( Frampton, Kenneth,and Koenig, 1970) Filliou, 1976) Milano 2004(primaedizioneitaliana, D delle università( D S D S ture: D E (Milano: lo DeCarlo.Architetturaelibertà B thing Y ( at theCedilla,orCedillatakesoff B versity of ( sential QuestionsofLife,exhibitioncatalogue B ism Rulebased DesigninArchitectureandUrban- V “ (Koeln/ forming Arts Italiane, 1968) view, ArchitectureandEducation4(1969) A 2005) Josic-Woods war ArchitectureandUrbanismofCandilis- A B G N ork/ lèuthera, 2000) rachliotis (eds.),StructuralismReloaded. chool chool of vermaete, vermaete, uncuga, Franco, recht, ass, eleuze, e e e rey ibliography ote sull’insegnamento dell’architetturain C C ( C S arlo, arlo, E arlo, T T A tuttgar R lse Press,1967) oronto/Frankfurt am oronto/Frankfurt J he r B acquelynn ober t G uildings,” C A G G eorge and G R hicago Press,2011) G rchitecture,” aller illes, iancarlo, G evolt andtheFrustrationof T T iancarlo, “ t, Teaching andLearningas Per t/ om, iancarlo, “Why/ om, ( R L y V ondon: otterdam: enezia: NYC Lo strutturalismo, Another Modern. The C Harvard EducationalRe- Harvard Conversazioni conGiancar T (ed.), Fluxus and the Es- hicago/ omáš Pianificazione e disegno Pianificazione edisegno N , 9 R ew L

ober A egitimizing Forum 1(1972) E xel Menges,2011) S A dizioni V Y eptember –3 alena, and L lessandra ork: ondon: Games t Filliou,Games NA H Main: i Publishers, ow to U V erlag niversitarie A T rchitec he L R S G R atour G izzoli, Post- ome B eorg N izzoli ebr U D uild ew ni e , , . ------

( A critical history Frampton, Kenneth,ModernArchitecture. agli anni’70,”Lotusinternational27(1980) A Utopianist Campus and College ( Muthesius, fornia Press,2002) son,1980) ley/ Publisher, 2008) Lessons in Architecture 3 ( H H H H utopia ofthepresent( 2012) Carlo. Percorsi(Padova:IlPoligrafo, 2004) (eds.), Fluxus Anthology( 19431968. ADocumentary S R saggiatore, 1968) Piaget, A Patrick, Mar tect. 18811981( O America ( in North Three centuriesofeducatingarchitects O Y O L ork: ondon: amassa, Francesco(ed.), livier ckman, ckman, merica, dallafinedeldiciannovesimosecolo esthetics,” isselada, Max,and iggings, er arr endricks, tzberger, L y os , R N R TEAM 10. 19531981. In search of a TEAM 10.19531981.Insearch of a izzoli, 1993) E . J ichard (ed.), thos andthe A Y A ean, ale H ngeles/ brams Inc.Publishers,1988) J J oan (ed.), oan (ed.), annah, J S Ar tin, “ on, U tefan, H niversity Press,2000) 69 (2010) t Journal69(2010) erman, (Milano: Il Lo strutturalismo(Milano:Il Fluxus Codex( L N U L Fluxus Experience( ondon: nfinished Filliou: ondon: ew The PostwarUniversity. C The Makingofanarchi- R ambridge: MitPress, D Architecture School. Architecture School. Space andLearning, Architecture Culture Architecture Culture otterdam: Y O irk vanden ork: rigins of U R T niversity of Giancarlo De GiancarloDe hames R otterdam: 010 izzoli, 1981) N ew N N R ew ai 2005) elational H 973 & O H B aven/ n the Y euvel erke H N C ork: ork: ud ew ali - - -

5. twentieth century 5. twentieth century 1 tectural Design9(1974) has developed towards a mat-building,”Archi- a Mat don: ( 1999) S sign 5(1960) S S S S about thistopic. all thememberscametodiscuss projects meetings. circle becameabiggerfamilyduring some twice ayear)from1953to1981. Woods. G the A C group of architects born from the ashes of 4 E is in1955,andmainlyactivetill1969the A C nership ofarchitects(the 3 Carré Bleu3(1962). tural Design5 (1960), and Id., “Web,” Le 2 and Education4(1969). Educational Review, Harvard Berlin S the Italian were: the the articles: 974 N uropean sceneofthereconstructionafter mithson, mithson, mithson, hadrach, W hadrach, W Free University chiedhelm, Manfredetal.,FreeUniversity I andilis, the rchitecture). merican eorges A S ew S C T Ms (International hadrach W eam hadrach W S andilis D S econd W utch Y B tudio ork: uilding. Mainstreamarchitectureasit ( L T S X ondon: C hey metregularly(onceayearor J hadrach W E S A A (1953-81)wasaninternational E A A andilis, the osicW nglish G R hadrach V ach lison, “ lison ldo lison (ed.), iancarlo izzoli, 1992) oods, “ ista, 1968) oods, “ orld War. Y A oods, “ oods is mostly known for his oods ismostlyknownforhis ugoslavian V mong the‘coregroup’there

meeting had a subject, and meeting had a subject, and (ed.), Team 10 Primer ( an - oods isasuccessfulpart A A H lison andPeter rchitectural ow torecognizeandread S Woods), founded in Par E T oods, “ tem”, yck and T D he C he e ongress ofModern A TEAM 10 Meetings TEAM 10Meetings merican E C E ducation A ducation arlo, theFrench Architectural De- S lexis G tem,” J reek Architecture Architecture aap A ssociation, J S S T osic, the Architec- B mithson, G hadrach he inner B B akema, eorges azaar azaar L on ,” ,” ,” ,” - -

tecture atRice27(1970) (1962) by V V polemic onurbanism(Middlesex/ S S S Bleu 3(1961) S and Education4(1969) Educational Review, Harvard lecture writingbefore 12 Woods wasprobablyworkingon this 11 Ibidem,118. 10 Ibidem,117. 8 presented itat 9 Woods, “ cational “ Incompatible on 6 5 V (Koeln, Arts ing asPerforming 1970 in version drawsheavilyonideaspublished in tains quotes from 7 W L T “ tion: “ Y ( tecture andCityPlanningatHarvard Modernism, Architecture,LandscapeArchi- D be seenatthe T D echnicosociological hangup”(1967),“ ork, ecture” (1968),“ an erlag hadrach, W hadrach, W hadrach, W hadrach, W ictoria: Penguin,1975) esign. he crowdedcr A A iscover T G mong lofsin, his cultureofprotestandresponsecan A iancarlo oods, “ E rchitectural L yck, D ondon: G wellings, S B ebr y of R ee S azaar” (1969). The StruggleforModernism, A ober hadrach W T T . Koenig,1970). ldo, “ he he A D The man in the street. A oods, Themaninthestreet.A oods, “What oods, “Web,” LeCarréBleu3 B oods, “ ntony N e utter t Filliou,Teaching andLearn - A E E or H H C ystal ball”(1969),“ ducation ducation U rchitecture” (1963),“ Ways and Places” (1962), ar ar arlo,” N ton & E niversity T ducation” (1967),“ ovember vard vard fly”, “ A he futureof...”(1968), lofsin, oods’ lectureswemen- U A rbanism,” Zodiac C pril 1969whenhe G GSD T ompany B B raduate U he C azaar azaar The Struggle for The Strugglefor can ollege in 1968. . Architecture Architecture E 16 (1966) T ight he textcon ,” 124. ,” 116-25. B , 2002). D N Le Carré Le Carré altimore/ S o,” ew T T chool of G he he U ropius N

Archi- 260. rbino Y N otes E final final ork: ork: T T du ew he he - -

world’. In, ofthe around himallthetimeinparts of a wider network, […] going on he is part 18 sitions oftheco-constructors, dispo- ing whichcorrespondstothedifferent ferent routes:thatofactivityandthink- it is,atthesametime,matrixoftwodif- ing, activity, andcommunication. Poipoidrom isthefunctionalrelationofthink- time in Woods and Paris, lived variously in 13 tions coming from anyone’. building’s site and they welcome any sugges- ists arenowworkingon the designation ofthe during ten years of research. and howitshouldbebuiltupbecameclear 24x24 meters.Whatshouldbeputinside, is an instantly realizable building of the size of International Modern Poipoidrom projectbeginningin1963. H C 15 mance Arts. 14 Filliou, H 20 Filliouwrote:‘ , 24. Arts ing asPerformance duced byFilliou:‘ intro- 19 Itwasalargenetworkofartists, experiment. A 17 March 2014). Fluxus/Filliou/Poipoi3e.html (accessed1 the Fluxusmovement. comes fromawebsitecreatedtorepresent and T chairs ormanyworkbenchesagreatcalm. number ofminimumsisnotsimplymany mal Poipoidrom. workbench, oranopenmindcanbeamini- 16 the Écoledes chitect, urbanist,andar he Poipoidromisanexpressionofthis. andilis- merican ar e collaboratedwith arr J H J J J G y oachim Pfefuer( on endricks, oachim Pfeufer oachim Pfeuferwrotein1972:‘ eorge N N O J . H ew osic-W tterlo in1959,atthe A endricks, R brams Inc.Publishers,1988). Teaching andLearningasPerfor ober J Y tist who was part of the Fluxus of theFluxus tist whowaspart oachim Pfeufermetforthefirst ork and B B recht (1926-2008)wasan Fluxus Codex,21. eaux ar oods from 1960 to 1968. oods from1960to1968. t Filliou,Teaching andLearn - T T T o be young is to be creative, o beyoungisto creative, B he ar he oston, Fluxus Codex( . B A T combination of a great combination of a great N ts in oston, 1935)isanar he optimalPoipoidrom rchitecture. R S antes, andtaughtat tist must realize also tist mustrealizealso tist who worked with tist whoworkedwith ober ee N Providence, www.artpool.hu/ antes. T t Filliou on the t Filliouonthe his T R he C ober information information ongress of N A S co-urban- chair ew hadrach t Filliou t Filliou Y U A ork: ork: T lm, , a , a H nd he e - -

36 35 present ( 1953-1981: Insearchofautopiathe plete anthologyabout 28 Forchronologyseealsothemostcom- byFederica 26 Interview to thisprojectinFilliou’s archive. Architectural Design as ithasdevelopedtowardsamat-building,” 30 3689 (1972). tion: 12-34. IhaveusedheretheItaliantransla- view, ourselves’ and‘ and 24 12. ing Arts, and we mayfinditwor S 37 sity more/ A polemiconurbanism(Middlesex/ 31 W E S 29 J 25 S Y ings and version ofTheEducationBazaar:‘ be seeninthesubtitlesofunpublished 22 C S 21 knack ofpermanentcreation’.Ibidem,42. read aMat 33 W 27 Woods, “ (workshop in 23 don: 34 W 32 ork ducazione-disordine,” anuar chiedhelm etal., chool chool stationar hadrach W ity – ,” Filliou, Teaching- and Learning as Perform T S D S S S T S A G A D he influenceofFilliouonW hadrach W here mightbeotherdocumentsrelated tanley hadrach W A hadrach W Architecture Plus(1974). e ee W C lison iancarlo G 4 (1969), Architecture andEducation4(1969), oods, Themaninthestreet. oods, “ oods, “ rchives, A irk rchitectural ity –Feld V y 2012. C iancarlo very very B ictoria: Penguin,1975). arlo, “ R uildings,” A V otterdam: S oods’ calendars and notebooks in oods’ calendarsandnotebooksin rchives, an B A B mithson, “ uilding. Mainstreamarchitecture oods T T T bercrombie, “ V ox 06,Folder2. he he he D O D C illefranche document). L e rdine-Istituzione,” 65-71. olumbia er oods, “Web”, 23. The man in the street. oods, Themaninthestreet. y); Feld D oods a B E E E e C C C ducation ducation ducation Free UniversityBerlin( th our while to acquire the th ourwhiletoacquirethe ox 09,Folder9.17( A H arlo, “Why/ C Harvard EducationalRe- Harvard édille Qui ollection, ssociation, 1999). C auvel (eds.), olumbia N 9 (1974), and Manfred 9 (1974), andManfred arlo, “ T C H ai, 2005). eam Casabella ollection, B ow torecognizeand U ox 08,Folder8.55 D niversity B oglio, Manhattan, B B B X erlin Free O azaar”, 119. azaar”, 119. azaar S : Max A U rdine-Istituzione ourit’. very very niversity oods can also oods canalso H Continuità –Continuità A ow to , ,” 121. very very TEAM 10. TEAM 10. N R D D isselada ew rawings 975 U oing it , D niver B B N N raw Y L alti uild ork ork on on ew - - - - -

5. twentieth century ISBN 978-88-8202-048-4