AUGUST 2020

We promote the advancement of land stewardship through ranching, science, and education. © Wyman Meinzer

FROM THE CEO World War I and Beef Cattle NEAL WILKINS

Grit – perseverance and passion for to win, we would have to learn to then among the largest cattle long-term goals. feed a huge army overseas. The shipping points in the nation. Cattle During World War I, South Texas country responded by conserving from ranches throughout South ranchers were recovering from food and mobilizing our agricultural Texas were shipped north from drought, fighting cattle fever ticks, systems. President Woodrow Hebbronville eventually arriving at and dealing with the recently Wilson established the U.S. Food the slaughterhouses and packing formed Internal Revenue Service. Administration and put Herbert plants in the Midwest. Cattle for On top of that, the entire nation Hoover in charge. By 1918, the feeding troops were shipped north was suffering a pandemic of domestic consumption of food in the to meat packers in Chicago, Kansas Spanish Flu. In the face of all those U.S. had dropped by 15%. It was only City, and Green Bay. By 1918, the challenges, those ranchers had the through decreasing consumption stockyards in Kansas City were added responsibility of raising cattle while increasing production that handling more than 55,000 head of to feed our troops. our country could possibly meet the cattle per day, while meat plants in needs of the war effort. Chicago were processing more than In April of 1917, the United States Beef was a staple for feeding U.S. 1.5 million pounds of beef weekly. By finally entered World War I. We sent the end of the war, U.S. troops had more than two million soldiers to troops. An individual soldier’s reserve rations, for example, consumed an estimated 800 million France. Our well-fed soldiers tipped pounds of beef. the scales in favor of a November included one pound of beef 1918 victory for the U.S. allies – daily. This was often in the Britain, Russia, and France – who form of canned beef, mostly had already been fighting for from cattle coming from three years. While the direct price ranches in Texas and elsewhere of victory included over 53,000 in the Great Plains. During the US troops killed in action, there Great War, cattle prices rose by was also sacrifice back at home. more than 50% from their pre- World War I was marked by one war levels. America’s ranchers of the largest campaigns ever to responded by producing more successfully produce food for troops cattle. overseas. But where did all those cattle Our allies were handicapped by come from? Much of them food shortages, and if we were came from South Texas. The railhead in Hebbronville was Cattle were shipped by rail from South Texas to stockyards throughout the Midwest. THE ACME PACKERS Although Acme continued to produce canned beef until 1943, it The Indian Packing Company of only controlled the Packers for a few Green Bay, Wisconsin was one of NFL seasons. Finally renamed the those wartime packing plants. , ’s Under contract with the U.S. War team went on to win more NFL Department, they supplied canned championships than any team in BOARD OF DIRECTORS beef to our overseas Army. Some of history. the canned beef produced by the Dick Evans Indian Packing Company originated Lambeau played for the Packers Dan Kinsel as live cattle from South Texas. for 10 years and coached the team Tio Kleberg for the following 20 years. He is Bryan Wagner, Chair After the war, the Indian Packing the namesake for the Packer’s Company continued to operate, but Stadium () and at 226 they apparently had some restless wins is ranked the NFL’s fifth most PROFESSIONAL ADVISORS employees. One of the company’s winningest coach – right behind receiving clerks, Curly Lambeau, Tom Landry at 250. Pretty good Lynn Drawe, PhD. talked his boss into providing $500 record for a shipping clerk at a meat David Hewitt, PhD. for some jerseys and a field for packing plant. Clay Hilton, DVM. playing football. This month (August 2020) marks Tio Kleberg, Chair Lambeau, having been a star 100 years since formation of the Roel Lopez, PhD. running back at Notre Dame, knew (NFL). Rick Machen, PhD. what he was doing so he both Originally named the American coached and played as running back Clay Mathis, PhD. Professional Football Association, for the new team. In 1919, their first Fred Bryant, PhD. (Emeritus) the NFL was birthed in immediate season of play, the Packers had a Lisa Flowers, PhD. (Emeritus) post-war boom of 1920. The “Acme 10-1 record. Their only loss was to Packers” joined the league during the Beloit Fairies (it must have been the following year. The origin story embarrassing for Lambeau to lose to INVESTMENT COMMITTEE of the Acme Packers is one of the the Fairies). greatest in the NFL – and they may Dick Evans The Indian Packing Company was be the only team birthed by beef. Harry Flavin not as profitable after the war, so Phil Plant they were sold to the Acme Packing Company of Chicago. The team was LOCATIONS then renamed the “Acme Packers.”

Hebbronville 310 East Galbraith Street Hebbronville, Texas 78361

San Antonio Viejo Ranch 474 East Ranch Road Hebbronville, Texas 78361

El Sauz Ranch 37216 Highway 186 Port Mansfield, Texas 78598

San Antonio The wartime demand for beef to feed troops not only 200 Concord Plaza Drive, Suite 410 helped form the beef cattle industry, but it made possible San Antonio, Texas 78216 the Green Bay Packers, one of the grittiest teams ever. (210) 447-0126

EASTFOUNDATION.NET

2 AUGUST 2020 SCIENTIST IN RESIDENCE Supporting Our Partners JASON SAWYER

East Foundation is proud to The virtual program will be • Scott McFarlane, Wildlife promote our partners as they assist presented on the Zoom platform Manager for Deseret Land and us in supporting land stewardship from 12:00 pm to 4:30 pm on Livestock in Utah through science, education, and Thursday, October 29th and from • Rick Danvir, President of Basin outreach. We would like to invite 12:00 pm to 3:30 pm on Friday, Wildlife Consulting, LLC in all of our readers to join us in October 30th. All times are CST. Wyoming attending the The King Ranch® Registrants will not be required to Institute for Ranch Management’s create a Zoom account. • Clayton Wolf, Chief Operating (KRIRM) 17th Annual HOLT CAT® Officer for Texas Parks and The wildlife symposium will Wildlife Department Symposium on Excellence in highlight the challenges and future Ranch Management held virtually opportunities of balancing ranching • Fidel Hernandez, PhD, Endowed in partnership with the Caesar and wildlife resources. Managing Professor for Quail Research Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute resource use among overlapping • David Hewitt, PhD, Endowed (CKWRI). enterprises is seldom as easy as Director of Wildlife Research These two institutions dedicated to prescribed in the annual ranch plan. • Carter Smith, Executive Director the conservation and stewardship Featuring presentations from: of Texas Parks and Wildlife of natural resources will present a • Dave DeLaney, General Manager Department free virtual wildlife and ranching of Ranching and Wildlife for After each virtual presentation, symposium titled The Future of the King Ranch, Inc. Wildlife Enterprise: Applying New time will be allotted for a question Knowledge and Tools on October 29 • Greg Simons, owner of Wildlife and answer session with the and 30, 2020. Systems, Inc. respective speaker. A break during • Tyson Johnson, General the first afternoon will showcase Registration to the virtual the recipients of the Texas Farm symposium is required and free. Manager of Sooner Cattle Company in Oklahoma Credit Certificate in Advanced Ranch Click here to register and download Management. On the second day of the complete agenda. • Marc Bartoskewitz, General presentations, the break will feature Manager of Cook Canyon Ranch a viewing of American Ocelot, a film in Texas that features a glimpse into the life of the endangered wild cat.

EASTFOUNDATION.NET 3 PROJECT PROFILE Supporting Ocelot Recovery TYLER CAMPBELL

“Private landowners are key to Viable semen from stored ocelot conservation in the United samples will be used to produce States.” This was the opening new kittens and eventually sentence of an article contained supplement or establish new within the East Foundation’s May ocelot populations in South 2014 newsletter. This statement is Texas. Yet another big goal as true today as it was six years ago. needed for ocelot recovery. About 80% of the known breeding Today, I can think of no wildlife population of ocelots in the U.S. species that captures the spirit occur exclusively on private ranches of “grit” more than the ocelot. in northern Willacy and Kenedy Faced with unprecedented counties in South Texas. challenges of habitat loss and Since inception, East Foundation Satisfied ocelot photographed in camera trap on El Sauz fragmentation, not to mention and our research partners Caesar Ranch in 2014. the threat of vehicle collisions Photo Credit: Michael Tewes Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute and population isolation – this at Texas A&M University-Kingsville species persists and survives These efforts are advancing science and Texas Parks and Wildlife mainly on private working ranches. and in 2020 alone three peer- Department have been collecting East Foundation is committed to reviewed scientific papers have information on this small, spotted, recovering the ocelot and private been published from data collected and highly secretive cat from our El ranches are the key to making this on our El Sauz Ranch. Two of the Sauz Ranch, located adjacent to Port happen. papers used our camera trap data Mansfield. Our long-term (and big) and found goal is to recover the ocelot in the U.S. 1) more ocelot detections in dense woody cover than in open grassland Our initial steps have used a areas and combination of data collected at live captures, movement and 2) that ocelots use the same areas as survival data from ocelots equipped bobcats and coyotes. with GPS collars, prey surveys, The third paper used GPS collar and camera traps to understand data and determined that ocelots interactions and relationships of were active at night and bobcats the ocelot population occurring on were active at dawn and dusk, private ranches. which reduces foraging competition The ocelot population occurring between the two cat species. on private ranches is much larger An important simultaneous step in and more robust than the small recovering the ocelot in the U.S. is to ocelot population occurring on develop assisted reproduction tools public lands of the U.S. Fish and and strategies for ocelots. With our Wildlife Service’s Refuge System. In partners at the Cincinnati Zoo, the accomplishing this, we have worked University of Tennessee, and Caesar closely with nine different graduate Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute students, having graduated three we are collecting and storing PhD and two MS scientists into semen from ocelots and bobcats professional positions. live-captured on our El Sauz Ranch.

4 AUGUST 2020 RANCHER RESOURCES Passion and Persistence Upcoming Events TODD SNELGROVE AUGUST 19 Professional Advisors Meeting The ranchlands owned by the East • Gulf War (1990-1991) via Zoom. Foundation were acquired by the • Drought of 1999-2002: in 2001, East family across a period of about the Rio Grande ceased flowing one hundred years. In addition to into the Gulf the regular hardships of ranching AUGUST 21 in the Wild Horse Desert, the early • 9/11 Terrorist Attacks (2001) Research Partners Meeting via days when Tom T. East, Sr. and • Global War on Terror (2001-2013) Zoom. his wife Alice Gertrudis Kleberg • The Great Recession (2007- East started a family on the San 2009): unemployment peaked at Antonio Viejo Ranch were marked 10.0% SEPTEMBER 2 by persistent drought, a world war, • Drought of 2010-2012: Staff Open Enrollment Meeting a global pandemic, and the Great via Zoom. Depression. from October 2010 through September 2011 rainfall On the surface this may appear averaged less than 11 inches to be a bad run of luck. As any making it the driest year in SEPTEMBER 15-16 ranching operation that has stood Texas history. Board of Directors Meeting in the test of time can attest events San Antonio. like this happen more often than we One thing is clear. History shows care to remember. Here is a short that adversity is certain but rundown of notable events since impossible to predict. Each of Tom T. East, Sr. started ranching in these events sent ripples, in some 1912—certainly, there are more than cases waves, throughout the social this. and economic fabric of our nation often causing significant hardship. • World War I (1914-1918) Through it all, when others may • Spanish Flu Pandemic (1918- have faltered, the East family and 1919) their legacy have endured. • The Great Depression (1929- I have found myself wondering 1939) why as we deal with the current • The Dust Bowl (1934-1935) slate of challenges. My conclusion— grit, or as Angela Duckworth, • World War II (1939-1945) Ph.D. described “a special blend of • Korean War (1950-1953) passion and persistence.” • Texas Drought of Record (1950- The East family was passionate 1957) about the land and they persisted • Asian Flu Pandemic (1957-1958) despite many hardships—they had grit. Farmers, ranchers, and those • Hong Kong Flu (1968-1969) who make their living off the land • Vietnam War (1964-1973) share this passion and the ability to persist—they have grit. • 1973-1975 Recession: unemployment peaked at 9.0% At the East Foundation we are well aware of the challenges our nation • 1981-1982 Recession: faces—no need to list them here— unemployment peaked at 10.8% and the impact it has on our ability • Federal Savings and Loan Crisis to meet our mission and carry on (1986-1995) the legacy of the East family. I am

EASTFOUNDATION.NET 5 reminded of a speech Winston EDUCATION EXPORT Churchill gave during World War II Upcoming Events on October 29, 1941 while visiting Harrow School, his alma mater. Making it Work Included were these words: TINA BUFORD SEPTEMBER 15-16 “Never give in, never give Cattle Raisers Virtual in, never, never, never, Like the rest of the world we came Convention. never - in nothing, great face to face with a shutdown due or small, large or petty to the pandemic. This had us - never give in except to contemplating a long pause within SEPTEMBER 16 convictions of honor and our education program hoping Greater South Texas Women in good sense. Never yield and waiting for the day we could Agriculture Virtual Conference - to force; never yield to the once again be with our students. Use Your Voice Tina Buford will apparently overwhelming Then conversations across the represent the Foundation as a might of the enemy. We nation started to center around speaker. stood all alone a year ago, what was deemed “essential” and to many countries it vs. “nonessential”, which would seemed that our account pave the way in determining SEPTEMBER 27 was closed, we were what students had access to while finished…very different is sheltering in place. Texas Association for the mood today. Environmental Education Yes, one could argue that food, Conference - Inspiring the Value Britain, other nations water, shelter and space are the of Nature in a Virtual Learning thought, had drawn a only essential items needed for Environment Masi Mejia will sponge across her slate. our survival but there is more to represent the Foundation as a But instead our country immediate survival, right? Our speaker. stood in the gap. There connection and care for the natural was no flinching and no world not only provides us with thought of giving in; and the necessary tools for survival it is OCTOBER 15 by what seemed almost a essential for our mental health. miracle to those outside South Texans’ Property Rights For this reason, we left our comfort these Islands, though we Association 15th Annual Meeting zone and adapted our method ourselves never doubted and Fundraiser in Encino, Texas. of connecting with students it, we now find ourselves by utilizing the very tool we’ve in a position where I say encouraged them to disconnect that we can be sure that OCTOBER 29-30 from. While we’d rather our we have only to persevere students be able to connect with the King Ranch Institute 17th Annual to conquer.” land directly, utilizing technology is Holt Cat Virtual Symposium The first two lines, “Never give in, a means to an end while our safety on Excellence in Ranch never give in,” are those most often requires us to be apart. Management. quoted. Today I am drawn to the last line, “no flinching and no thought of giving in… we have only to persevere to conquer.” Or, in other words, we must have grit.

In these unprecedented times, students participate in East Foundation’s education programs via Zoom.

6 AUGUST 2020 Not only has technology allowed us to stay connected and continue our Justin is now the Big Game education programs, in the case of Specialist and post-doctoral our Land Stewardship Ambassador Research Scientist at Borderlands program, it offered a window to Research Institute. His research connect this year’s cohort with focusses on the spatial ecology brilliant minds from across the of pronghorn, mule deer, and nation. This added experience bighorn sheep in the Trans- expanded the types of resources Pecos. He seeks to link basic students can draw from while science with practical application serving their communities as future to develop more robust land stewardship advocates. management strategies. Without technology, this year’s In his own words: cohort would not have been able “I am tremendously grateful to complete their 10-week journey JUSTIN FRENCH for the opportunities East exploring the many facets of land Foundation provided me during stewardship including but not Justin grew up in Ingram, Texas my PhD. Their commitment limited to: where he discovered natural resource management through to the science of wildlife • human dimensions of land participating in 4-H and FFA management is contagious, and stewardship including social judging teams, including wildlife I have taken their goal to make attitudes, processes and and range management contests. ‘more science-minded managers behaviors, He graduated in 2012 with a BS and management-minded • the economic engine behind in Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences scientists’ to heart in my own caring for the land, from Texas A&M University. career. • how to advocate on behalf of our During his undergraduate career, The uniqueness of San Antonio natural resources, Justin was employed by the Viejo, with its large, unharassed Texas A&M AgriLife Extension coyote population, and East • and the importance of diversity Service, where he began his Foundation’s support made for within the natural resource user research career evaluating field an amazing experience. While groups. methods for vegetation sampling. my project was largely remote We will remain an organization He earned his MS degree from (thanks to GPS tracking), I will that values on the land, hands-on Sul Ross State University in always remember the particular learning but now acknowledge the Natural Resource Management brand of excitement coyote benefits of connecting virtually. in 2015, studying pronghorn captures brought and the great We cannot predict when we will foraging ecology. His thesis people who took part in them. host students on East Foundation research examined seasonal Those experiences left me with lands again but what we have diets and nutritional demands of many great memories, and a learned is that technology should be pronghorn in the Trans-Pecos. healthy respect for coyotes, the welcomed as a supplemental tool in Justin began his PhD in Wildlife hidden dangers of brush mottes, providing transformational learning and Fisheries Science at Texas and good helicopter pilots. I am experiences. For now, technology A&M University in 2015, studying blessed to have had such an can aid us in sharing interactions coyotes on East Foundation’s opportunity.” with students beyond our fences. San Antonio Viejo ranch. His Thank you to our Land Stewardship dissertation focused on coyote Ambassador program partner, The movement ecology, linking their Witte Museum and our sponsoring territorial behavior to population partner, Texas Farm Credit, for dynamics. This project shed taking this journey with us. With light on how coyote life your partnership we are increasing history interacts with predator awareness of land stewardship management efforts. principals, promoting civic engagement in today’s youth and inspiring them to take action.

EASTFOUNDATION.NET 7 RANCH REPORT Hanna GILLY RIOJAS

“Everyone has a plan until they get the rain began to fall. From March punched in the mouth.” 21 until July 28 all six of the East – Mike Tyson Foundation ranches have had 20 In production agriculture there are inches of rain or more. Over a 30- definitely some days when you feel day period we went from planning like you’ve been punched in the of how many cows we were mouth. Ranching and farming are potentially going to cull, to looking not industries for the faint of heart. over pastures that are producing You must be prepared to go through more forage today than in their past droughts, floods, market collapses, 50 years. But, not everyone has been and worldwide pandemics. To so lucky. survive and prosper in this industry I have a close friend that farms you need to always have a plan in the lower Rio Grande Valley A, B, C, D, and E. We operate in a and as hurricane Hanna passed, system where you plan for the worst he watched his entire cotton crop and hope for the best. Sometimes disappear in front of his eyes. In 48 these plans must be made on a hours, he went from having 2,500 moment notice during some tough acres of cotton that was going to circumstances. yield 2.5 bales an acre to nothing. It can be easy for us to sit in a That’s one of the days when you’ve climate-controlled office and make been punched in the mouth. projections and run different The character and grit of someone analysis about how much money in production agriculture shows not we are going to make and how we when they’ve been punched in the think we’re going to operate, but mouth but how they respond after how do we react when something the punch. Do you have the heart out of the blue occurs that we were and character to get back up and not expecting and drastically alters rise to the occasion? our operations? The East family lived their life A few weeks ago, Hurricane Hanna devoted to their ranch. They had passed through South Texas and the grit and integrity to rise to the we were lucky that she was only occasion. Thankfully, those of us at a category 1 hurricane. Hanna the East Foundation have inherited brought a lot of wind and a lot of those same traits. We look forward rain, and for the most part there was to finishing out a great summer a little damage to our properties. We growing season and to cooler fall had a few stray limbs, some trees weather. knocked over, we lost electricity for a bit, and a few damaged windmills, but for the most part we were blessed with copious amounts of rain. From October 2019 until March of 2020 most of our ranches had at best a minuscule amount of rain. © Wyman Meinzer On March 21 our luck changed as

8 AUGUST 2020 RAINFALL REPORT Saving for a Rainy Day ALLIE BIEDENHARN

It takes a certain perseverance, hardiness, and backbone to ranch in Webb Duval JJiim Wells Kleberg the Wild Horse Desert. Most summers are never ending heat and drought. However, that gumption has been rewarded and renewed this summer as we are mid- JJiim Hogg Brooks August and drought free! Zapata Timely and abundant rains Kenedy through the spring and summer have kept the soil moisture up and the early season hurricane giving between four to nearly 15 inches of rain across the Normal rainfall for 90 day period based Starr ranches kept us out of the on 30-year average: Hidalgo Ranchito: 3.76" Hidalgo red. Gachupin: 3.79" SAV: 3.63" Willacy Buena Vista: 3.68" Willacy The San Antonio Viejo ranch El Sauz: 3.33" has received well above Santa Rosa: 4.88" 90-Day Percent of Average Rainfall average rainfall amount with some areas receiving 10 to 18 < 10% 30 - 50% 70 - 90% 100 - 120% 150 - 200% ¯ 10 - 30% 50 - 70% 90 - 100% 120 -150% > 200% inches of rain in the past 90 August 7, 2020 days.

Duval With the recent rains, all Webb JJiim Wells Kleberg East Foundation ranches have received over 150% of the typical rainfall amount since May, with most receiving over 200% of what is normally obtained. The JJiim Hogg Brooks El Sauz Ranch in Willacy Zapata County, took the hurricane Kenedy head on, and has received 18-20 inches of rainfall in the past 90 days. For more information on drought and other weather events or to view Drought Intensity Starr information specific to your None Hiidalgo part of the state please visit: Abnormally Dry http://climatexas.tamu.edu/ Moderate Drought Wiillacy Severe Drought U.S. Drought Monitor- S. Texas drought/maps/index.html. Extreme Drought August 4, 2020

EASTFOUNDATION.NET 9 FIELD OPERATIONS FILE Looks Like Rain TREY DYER

Rain! We’ve been blessed to have would have required much more a lot of it lately. And while rain is intensive labor and materials to fix the lifeblood for the land, livestock after the fact. and wildlife, it can also be a major obstacle when it comes to infrastructure. Roads are the most affected. Hard, flooding rains like we experienced in the wake of Hurricane Hanna are MASI MEJIA the most detrimental. A native Texan, Masi was Obviously, when roads wash born in Laredo and raised in out, they must be fixed. Laredo and Encinal, Texas. However, it is also important She has a bachelor’s degree in to perform preventative Environmental Conservation of maintenance so that in the Natural Resources and a master’s event of a heavy rain, damage degree in Wildlife, Aquatic, Ready for a drive? Director of Field Operations & Security is minimized. This includes and Wildlands Science and repairing potholes, cleaning Management, Chris Huff, checks the road after the road work crew. Job well done! Management from Texas Tech out or installing culverts in low University. lying areas, and adding material The theme for this newsletter is Grit. where needed. And while this section may not be As the East Foundation’s an example of “courage and Educator, Masi works hard to resolve,” I will offer up another educate students and teachers in definition of grit: “small loose classroom with the hope that she particles of stone or sand.” And can bring them out to visit one of that seemed apropos! the ranches. She especially enjoys running the Land Stewardship Ambassadors Program because she loves seeing the students grow throughout the semester and how they become advocates for land stewardship. Whether in the classroom on in the field, Masi serves students from all over South Texas A freshly laid caliche road on Santa Rosa Ranch stretches for over a mile. In her spare time, Masi enjoys being outside, watching nature, Through a team effort with some of and learning and teaching our neighbors at Santa Rosa, as well about ecology through memes. as one of our Oil and Gas operators, Although 2020 has been trying we were able to do just that. And for many, Masi has many do it just in time! About two days blessings to count this year! In before Hanna came ashore, we the last few months, she’s gotten added 107 loads (about 2,200 yards) married, bought her own ten-acre of caliche to the main road at Santa ranchito, and is expecting a visit Rosa. This absolutely prevented from the Texas Wood Stork in further damage to the road that early 2021.

10 AUGUST 2020 SECURITY REPORT Caliche Roads or Wildlife Corridors MATT ROBINSON

I have traveled a lot of caliche roads The Texas tortoise has had a It is good practice to turn your and two-tracks in my days. These population explosion on the headlights off and drive with only roads are great for getting through ranches. I do not know if there are parking lights when you drive the ranches, usually in a manner really that many or they just like into a bunch of cows on the ranch faster than is necessary. While caliche roads. Nevertheless, it is roads at night. The headlights blind bumping along in my vehicle, I common to see five, ten or more on them and make shadows. As you realized there is more to these roads every outing. They look a lot like a approach the cows, the shadows than meets the eye. cow pie when you are traveling fast. from their body comes toward Many years ago, an old game So, pay attention so you do not run them and at the last minute, they warden friend, Billy Works, and one over. will think something is there. They I would patrol caliche roads in Another animal that uses the caliche can be startled and will sometimes Comanche county. Occasionally, roads is the Texas Horned Lizard. jump from the shadow toward your during these patrols, one of us The horny toad populations really vehicle causing damage, especially would come up with a profound decreased in the 1960s and 70s due the calves. thought. Billy, on one such occasion, to kids like me trying to keep them I guess my point to this story is to turned to me and said, “I think that in shoeboxes as pets and maybe a remind everyone - slow down and removing all the caliche roads would little bit of that DDT pesticide thing. pay attention and stop aggravating be a good method to reduce the The population on East Foundation the security guy. Also, remember to coyote population.” I asked, “How’s properties has really come back. If watch your step if taking a walk on that?” To which he replied, “They you are paying attention, you will a caliche road. Damn coyotes! would all die because they wouldn’t see a number of them on the have a place to poop.” caliche roads on every trip. Slow Now that’s probably not a feasible down and try avoiding running way to reduce the population, but over any. it has made me think about all of Killdeer and Pauraque the animals that use the caliche (Nighthawks) lay their eggs on roads besides ranch folk that are in caliche roads and oil field pads. a hurry. Here are a few of the main Now that does not seem like the ones that need to be watched for smartest thing to me, but it is while traveling our ranch roads. what they do. If we know this, maybe we can pay better attention and not squash a whole family. Then there are all the birds and animals, including livestock, which are more mobile and can move out of the way if you do not surprise them by driving too fast. Many times, cattle will gather on the road at night and bed down, especially at El Sauz where Don’t Tread on Me! the mosquitoes are more numerous in the grass.

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