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Advertisement 03 2009 03 032009 www.advanced-mining.com ADVERTISEMENT 03 2009 EDUCATION Methods for Exploratory Drilling of Deposits of Mineral Commodities Tudeshki, H. ; Hertel, H. Surface Mining and International Mining | Clausthal University of Technology | Germany TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY Kellner, M. Impact of financial crisis on the German & global commodity market and the mining Geotechnique, Mining, Petroleum Engineering | Surface Mining and International Mining | Clausthal University of industry Technology | Germany Round Table at Hannover Messe 2009: Climate-Friendly and Energy-Efficient Raw Material ContiTech Conveyor Technology Extraction corporation Northeim | Germany ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik (conveyor technique): Fully Mobile Crawler-Mounted ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik GmbH Crushing Plant for Large Open-Pit Mines Essen | Germany Volvo Fleet Under Ground - All Good Things Come From Above Volvo Construction Equipment Germany Methods of Boulder Crushing in raw materials production Tudeshki, H. ; Xu, T. Surface Mining and International Mining | Clausthal University of Technology | Germany Development of the Oil-shale-project El Lajjun in Jordan von der Linden, E. Linden Advisory | Dreieich | Germany The most intelligent chapter in mining history was written by German Engineering Debriv; Tudeshki, H. NEWS & REPORTS Hot Success! Steelworks « Dillinger Hütte » & « Saarstahl » ESCO GmbH Stationary plants now become mobile thanks to interlinked plants! Kleemann demonstrates what is KLEEMANN GMBH possible today with process know-how and high-performance plants New SURFACE MINER 4200 SM from Wirtgen: Maximum performance in large-scale opencast WIRTGEN GMBH mining! METSO MINERALS Germany GmbH Improved performance out in the open! MB Crusher S.p.A The new bucket crusher BF AVANT TECNO Germany GmbH Solving many Problems at Once! ATLAS COPCO Atlas Copco launches ROC T35M a robust surface drill rig! Surface Drilling Equipment, Tunnelling & The Atlas Copco Simba W6 C rig available for new markets! Mining Equipment Diamond scrap heap - Cat-machines process one of the world’s largest scrap metal stock piles in CATERPILLAR INC. Namibia! EVENTS The AMS Event Calendar 2009 THIS MAGAZINE IS SUPPORTED BY: Continental/ContiTech Sandvik Mining & Construction Metso Minerals Vermeer Zeppelin EDUCATION Application Consulting – Your “life insurance” for major projects If you’re embarking on a major project that involves moving a few thousand tonnes of earth each day, your first thought won’t be about machinery. What you’ll first want to do is find the best consultation possible. This is where Zeppelin comes in. Its team of highly trained mining engineers can provide you with expert, qualified advice on mines, quarries and large-scale projects of all kinds, anywhere in the world. By getting good advice you can avoid making expensive mistakes right when you start to plan. Zeppelin’s project con- sultants have more than 30 years of professional experience, and they have references testifying to their expertise from all over the world. At the conclusion of our consultation we’ll recommend machinery and equipment that are perfectly matched to your task. This is the necessary basis for an economically viable project. The advice provided by Zeppelin is nonbinding, and the rates are fair. You’ll be able to save millions. And if you have to spend millions, you’ll spend them right! To arrange consultation for your project, please contact Roland Redlich at the Zeppelin headquarters in Munich. Contact: Dip.-Ing. Roland Redlich • Zeppelin Baumaschinen GmbH • Graf-Zeppelin-Platz 1 D-85748 Garching bei München • Germany • Phone +49 89 32000-204 • Fax +49 89 32000-7204 roland.redlich @zeppelin.com • www.zeppelin-cat.de Issue 03 | 2009 www.advanced-mining.comADVERTISEMENT 3 EDUCATION Methods for Exploratory Drilling of Deposits of Mineral Commodities by Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. H. Tudeshki ; Dipl.-Ing. Heiko Hertel Surface Mining and International Mining | TU Clausthal | Germany Overall The drilling technique had established itself as a key technology for the search and exploration of mineral resource deposits. However, along with the advancement of mining of raw material deposits which outcrop immediately at the surface or are only slightly covered, we now face the task of finding and opening up deposits that are located deeper under the surface. Introduction The forming of accessible exploration-excavations at material and its analysis in the laboratory. The rock mass economically and technically meaningful expenses is properties can be derived from the rock properties of the limited to a depth of 30 to 50 m. The unknown geological sample material or can be determined direct from the bore characteristics and rock properties entail a multitude hole with special auxiliary tools in special procedures. In of technical, economical and safety-relevant risks for the interpretation of the samples derived from drillings, underground mining operations. This includes the high the degree of disturbance of the samples both by the expenses for keeping the underground cavities and making mechanically and partly hydraulically supported loosening them again usable, in case nothing is found. For exploration process of the material out of the rock and the consecutive of extensive deposits that are present immediately at the transport from the bore hole bottom to the sampling point surface and deposits with highly irregularly distributed above ground, has to be considered. The quality of the resource contents in compact, and in none and low samples is significantly determined by the characteristics water-bearing formations, mining exploration methods of the formation to be investigated, as well as by the applied (prospecting trenches or shafts) are preferred. Furthermore, drilling method. Here the general rule is that the specific technically simple exploration excavations can be costs for one meter drilled increase with increasing constructed in very remote and hard to reach exploration quality of the samples. In principle the success of a drilling areas. A tendency to explore deposits in increasing depths campaign is to be measured with the following factors: can be expected for future prospection and exploration quality and quantity of the samples to be extracted, as well activities, so that the exploration by excavations will as the economical costs of drilling. The gross costs for further loose importance. The increasingly lower target drilling are composed of specific cost for one meter drilled horizons of exploration activities go hand in hand with the and the drilling length in total. The drilling length is again progress of raw material extraction in deposits near the dependant on the number of drillings and their final depth. surface, as well as with the increasing performance and efficiency of modern mining technologies. If nowadays the This planning approach, which often initiates the usual exploration horizons are located 200 to 300 m under drilling planning, only refers to the process of drilling and the surface, in future years the average target depths will the sampling. The degree of requirements for this drilling reach over 1000 m. Even today these depths are sometimes planning in the true sense is increased with: significantly exceeded by single raw material projects (e.g. Gold mining in South Africa). • The required information from the sample material • The increasing drilling length Through drilling direct access to the deposit can be • An irregular quality distribution in the deposit achieved, with a range from a few meters under the ground level up to several thousand meters, and qualitative and • Stratigraphic and tectonic interfering factors in the deposit appropriate information on the overburden and the deposit and the overburden can be obtained. With a multitude of drilling methods a large variety of rock mass properties can be controllable. In contrast to exploration shafts and trenches, drillings are not accessible by man, so that geological address and determination of rock mechanical, as well as hydrological parameters is done by means of the extracted sample Issue 03 | 2009 www.advanced-mining.com 4 EDUCATION During planning of the overall project, a multitude • Degree of preservation of the natural rock formation of external factors, e.g. climatic conditions, location • Specific volume (subject to the bore diameter) of the sample of the drilling site, infrastructure, etc, have to be taken • Completeness of the sample material into consideration. These factors can possibly limit the application of optimum technical means and considerably • Separation of cuttings/material from overlying formations increase the costs for their application, respectively. and avoiding mixing of sample material • Orientation the sample according to their location (in hard Drilling is used for various tasks in research, civil rock) engineering, as well as in mining projects, both for near- • Sampling according to depth, or clear assignment of location surface, as well as deep underground exploration. Apart of sampling from the search for and exploration of solid mineral deposits, some important examples for exploration drilling One of the most important quality criterions of drilling are: samples is the degree of conservation of the natural rock formation, as well as the pore volume and the filling of • Exploring the deep underground the interfaces. The degree of disturbances in sampling • Search and exploration of groundwater levels material is mainly subject to: • Exploration
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