(Guiyu Oneiros)⭥㚵㔎 㾯㲍
͙႒: ⤯႒ 2010 Ꭰじ40 ࢣじ9 : 1191 ~ 1203 《中国科学》》杂志社 www.scichina.com earth.scichina.com SCIENCE CHINA PRESS
䆎 ᭛
䐟㒕ギ㧃峃䈄㏁㗯⺎䈄(Guiyu oneiros)⭥㚵㔎 㾯㲍
த෨èé, ᅋਖ਼è*
ķ Ё⾥ᄺ䰶স㛞Ợࡼ⠽ϢসҎ㉏ⷨお᠔, 㛞Ợࡼ⠽䖯࣪㋏㒳ᄺ䞡⚍ᅲ偠ᅸ, ࣫Ҁ 100044; ĸ Ё⾥ᄺ䰶ⷨお⫳䰶, ࣫Ҁ 100049 * 㘨㋏Ҏ, E-mail: [email protected]
ᬊ〓᮹ᳳ: 2010-04-06; ফ᮹ᳳ: 2010-07-13 ᆊ䞡⚍⸔ⷨおথሩ䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ(㓪ো: 2006CB806400)ǃЁ⾥ᄺ䰶ⶹ䆚߯ᮄᎹ乍Ⳃ(㓪ো: KZCX2-YW-156)ǃᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ䞥(ᡍޚ ো: 40930208)Ё⾥ᄺ䰶ǃᆊϧᆊሔ߯ᮄಶ䯳䰙ড়ӭԈ䅵ߦ䌘ࡽ
ဨ (Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al., 2009)ԅϦൟඋ ݇䬂䆡ڦफ kਲ਼ܸؤ೭ॴఝᴚဨफݮޚᨬ㽕 ·ำ ဨc͊ဨ (Psarolepis)ۤ ఝᴚဨफڦဨᄆຂ (ͧࣳڦႏ . ำᄯၽٲۤՄުԅઝڀჸ, ͧࣳՄԅ੧ᄩ ဨफڀ ᅣѢဨ(Onychodus)cํࣄဨcࣂݿဨफྻۤڶ. ඹڀࣄဨ(Achoania))ᄯ؏ॴՄԅ੧ᄩํ ગൟ ဨफԅၐಳඋჸēڀ࣡ͧถಾڀݧ౨᭄ڀ࣡΄ၘ܊ෳΐࣄ܊ : ᴚဨफԅΑࠀມವރ ලၗ ޠᅣѢဨݾ ᄝঝރဨcํࣄဨྻ͊ۤٲဨԅԼࠒڦ . ٲωׄලၗࠒڀఝᴚဨफۤᴚဨफᄯԅब ڳࠋ . ူཷೆဨ(Youngolepis)ۤ࿓ဨ ᄯڑဨ֟၂ԅڦนອഛ. ֟Ӓԅຏݴؘᆂࢶટࠃವॴ ࢬڕೆဨۤࣄဨफ (porolepiforms)ྡྷᄡ, ΐ࣡ཷူ . ތٮ႕ڟؘᆂϢڀDiabolepis)ອ࠭, ल) .ဨᄆຂԅ٫࠭࿈ᅱڦࠋ౭҉ݧสဟලྡྷഃ଼ಾڑ࠭ΐકઝЇ. Ҝࣄสဟગ
Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros)[1]থ⦄Ѣѥफᖫ⬭㑾㔫 㓽ᇣ. 䖭ѯসҷ剐㉏ݐ⹀偼剐㉏݊Ҫ᳝习㉏ⱘ ᖋ⋯ϪഄሖЁ, Ў៥Ӏᦤկњ㋶㙝务剐㉏䡈߿⡍ ᶤѯ⡍ᕕ, Ўⷨお䖭ѯ⡍ᕕⱘᵕϢⓨ࣪ᦤկњ䞡 ᕕⓨ࣪乎ᑣⱘ䞡㽕㒓㋶[2], ݊ℷൟᷛᴀЎᏆⶹ᳔স㗕 㽕䆕[15~17]. ሑㅵབℸ, ⬅Ѣ⹀偼剐㒆ⱘᮽᳳ⾡㉏ ⱘ䖥Тᅠᭈⱘ⹀偼剐㉏࣪. ϔӊབℸᅠᭈⱘ⹀偼 ֱᄬϡܼ, ϡᇥሲ⾡ᇮᓔሩ⏅ܹⱘ↨䕗㾷ࠪ 剐㉏࣪ᖫ⬭㋏Ё㹿থ⦄ᰃߎҎᛣ᭭ⱘ, Ўℸ ᄺⷨお, ᠔ҹ⹀偼剐㉏ⱘ䍋⑤Ϣᮽᳳⓨ࣪ҡ⭥⚍䞡 ࠡᖫ⬭㑾⹀偼剐㉏࣪䆄ᔩ䛑ᴹ㞾Ѣϔѯ䳊ᬷ࣪, 䞡. བ劲⠛⠭啓[3~10]. 儐剐ᅠᭈᷛᴀⱘথ⦄䖬䆕ᅲњℸ ПࠡⱘⷨおਞҙᇍṺᑏ儐剐ⱘ䞡㽕⡍ᕕ㒘ড় ࠡḍ䳊ᬷ偼⠛ᇍ᭥劲剐ⱘॳ[11]. 䖯㸠њㅔ㽕ᦣ䗄, ㋏㒳থ㚆ߚᵤᰒ⼎儐剐ǃ᭥劲剐 䭓ᳳҹᴹ, 㙝务剐㉏Ϣ䕤务剐㉏П䯈, ҹঞ⹀偼 ᮴ᄨ剐݅ৠᵘ៤ϔϾᇮੑৡⱘऩ㋏㉏㕸ü儐剐ᬃ 剐㉏Ϣ݊Ҫ᳝习㉏П䯈ഛᄬⴔᎼⱘᔶᗕᄺ吓≳. ㋏[1]. ᴀ᭛ᇚḍϔѯᮄׂ⧚ⱘߚᬷֱᄬⱘᷛᴀ(ࣙ 䖛এ 10 ᑈ, 䖭ѯ吓≳⬅Ѣϔ㋏߫䇌བ᭥劲剐ǃ㟠劲 ᣀϔѯПࠡᇐ䖛ⱘᷛᴀ)ᇍ儐剐ⱘ㛥乙ᔶᗕ䖯㸠䆺 剐(Ligulalepis)Dialipinaⱘ࣪ᮄথ⦄[11~14]㗠ᕫҹ 㒚ᦣ䗄, ᑊ佪儐剐ᬃ㋏Ёᘶњ乙乊ⱘ㝰䋼偼
ᓩ⫼Ḑᓣ: Qiao T, Zhu M. Cranial morphology of the Silurian sarcopterygian Guiyu oneiros (Gnathostomata: Osteichthyes). Sci China Earth Sci, 2010, doi: 10.1007/s11430-010-4089-6 Шཹㄝ: ᖫ⬭㑾㙝务剐㉏Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros)ⱘ㛥乙ᔶᗕ
ൟᓣ. ᴀ᭛䆄䗄ⱘ᠔᳝ᷛᴀഛᴹ㞾ѥफⳕ᳆䴪Ꮦᖫ (Glyptolepis)ܼ㼊剐(Holoptychius)[22])Ё, 㛥乙ৢ䚼 ⬭㑾㔫ᖋ⋯Ϫᰮᳳ݇ᑩ㒘ⱘ⊹䋼♄ችЁ[1]. ḍ儐剐 䭓, ᇐ㟈乊⬆ৢ乊⬆䭓ᑺ↨ഛᇣѢ 1.0. 㗠݊ .ᦤկⱘᮄֵᙃ, ៥Ӏ䖬ᇚ䅼䆎ⴊࠡ偼⊾偼䕤务 Ҫᮽᳳ㙝务剐㉏(བ᭥劲剐)Ё, 乊⬆ഛ↨ৢ乊⬆䭓 剐㉏㙝务剐㉏Ёⱘৠ⑤݇㋏. ᴀ᭛䞛⫼Westoll[18] 䕗儐剐ॳྟⱘᓹ᳐剐(Meemannia)[23]ᮽᳳ䕤务剐 ⱘᴃ䇁㋏㒳, ҙᰃЎњⳂ᭄ࠡ᭛ゴЁⱘ⫼⊩ ㉏[24]ৠḋ᳝Ⳍᇍ䕗䭓ⱘ㛥乙ࠡ䚼. ℸ, ៥Ӏ䅸Ў ϔ㟈. 儐剐䖥ㄝ䭓ⱘ乊⬆ৢ乊⬆ৃ㛑ᰃϔ⾡䕗䖯ℹⱘ ⢊ᗕ. 1 㚵㔎㶃峡 乊⬆䭓ᆑ㟈Ⳍৠ, ᑊⴊৢさ(postorbital corner)໘䖒ࠄ᳔ᆑ. ৢ乊⬆ৢবᆑ, Ϟ乲偼 1.1 㔎Ⰶジ⭥〚⡟㲹䎘 (supratemporal)ᵓ偼(tabular)偼㓱໘䖒ࠄ᳔ᆑ, ℷൟᷛᴀ(IVPP V15541)Ϟ, 乙乊⬆ֱᄬᅠᭈ, ৢজ䗤⏤বじ. ৢ乊⬆ৢ㓬䖥ѢᑇⳈ, Ё䯈⬹ৢさ 乊⬆ৢ乊⬆㹿乙䯈݇㡖ߚᓔ, ᘏ䭓㑺 4.5 cm( ߎ. 1(a)). ⬅ѢফࠄϞϟय़, 㗠Ϩਏッϟᔃ᳆, ℷൟ 儐剐乙乊偼⠛᭄Ⳃ䕗ᇥ, 䖭ৃ㛑ᰃॳྟ㙝务剐 ᷛᴀϞⱘ乊⬆↨䳊ᬷᷛᴀ( 2 3)ᰒⷁᆑ. 䳊ᬷᷛ ㉏ⱘ⡍ᕕ. 㝰䋼偼㸼䴶㹿⹀劲䋼(ganoine)ᔶ៤ⱘϡ㾘 ᴀЁ, 乊⬆䭓 1.9~2.0 cm. ℷൟᷛᴀϞ乊⬆ৢ乊⬆ ߭㷩㰿⢊㉫ፈ( 1, 2, 4(a), 4(b) 5(a))㽚Ⲫ. ⹀劲䋼 䭓ᑺ↨㑺Ў 1.0, 䆹↨ؐ䕗᭥劲剐ⱘ(1.6~1.7)⬹ᇣ[19]. ᰃ㝰䋼偼㸼䴶ⱘ㽚Ⲫሖ, ⬅ऩሖሖ䞝䋼㒘៤, ᰃ ⟾啓剐㉏ [20,21]䖯ℹⱘᄨ劲剐㉏(՟བ䲩劲剐 Ԣㄝ䕤务剐㉏ⱘ⡍ᕕ[14,24,26~29]. ✊㗠, Ϣ⹀劲䋼ⳌԐ
(a) (b) mR Pmx ano lR pno Pro Na1 So Na2 ioc Dsph
Pr pi
Pa soc It
lc St
Ppa
Ta Eta
Et mpl ppl
5 mm
1 Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al., 2009) (a) ༈䚼ᬒ, 㚠㾚, ℷൟᷛᴀ V15541. (b) ḍ᠔᳝ᴤ᭭ᕫߎⱘ乙乊⬆ॳ. ano, ࠡ唏ᄨ; Dsph, 㝰䋼㵊㘇偼; Et, 乲偼; Eta, 䰘乲 偼; It, 䯈乲偼; ioc, ⴊϟᛳ㾝ㅵ; lc, Џջ㒓ㅵ; lR, ջਏ偼; mpl, Ёߍ㒓; mR, Ёਏ偼; Na1, 唏偼 1; Na2, 唏偼 2; Pmx, ࠡϞ习偼; Pa, 乊偼; pi, ᵒᵰᄨ; pno, ৢ唏ᄨ; Ppa, ৢ乊偼; ppl, ৢߍ㒓; Pr, ৢਏ偼; Pro, ⴊࠡ偼; So, ⴊϞ偼; soc, ⴊϞᛳ㾝ㅵ; St, Ϟ乲偼; Ta, ᵓ偼
1192 Ё⾥ᄺ: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ 2010 ᑈ 40 ो 9 ᳳ
ⱘ㒧ᵘẬ剐㉏㙝务剐㉏Ёг᳝থ⦄, 䇈ᯢ⹀劲 劲剐ⱘ䖥M ᔶ ( 4(d)) П䯈. ࠡϞ习偼(Pmx, 䋼ৃ㛑ᰃ⹀偼剐㉏ݴ㕸ⱘ⼪ᕕ[30]. Schultze[8]ᣛߎ䕤 premaxillary; 4(a), 4(b), 6 7(a)~(c))Ёਏ偼 务剐㉏Ёൟⱘ⹀劲䋼㙝务剐㉏ᭈ߫ሖЁⱘ䞝䋼 (median rostral ϟᮍЁ㒓Ⳍ, ᑊᇚЁਏ偼ᥦ䰸Ϟ ϡৠ, ࠡ㗙㸼䴶᳝ߌ䍋ᇣ⯸⚍(microtubercles), ৢ 习䖍㓬П, Ϣᮽᳳ䕤务剐㉏[24] ǃᴼ⇣剐[32] ǃ 㗙㸼䴶߭ᰒ⬅Ⳍ䚏㒚㚲䖍⬠᠔ᔶ៤ⱘ݁䖍ᔶߍഥ. Powichthys[33,34]݊Ҫ㙝务剐㉏ݴ㕸ⳌԐ. ࠡϞ习偼 Ԛ䖭ѯᏂᓖᑊϡ✊, Ўϔѯ䕤务剐㉏( བ ਜᏺ⢊, 催ᑺৢջᮍ䗦, Ⳉࠄջਏ偼(lateral Cheirolepis trailli[30])ⱘ⹀劲䋼гϡᇣ⯸⚍㒧ᵘ. rostral)ⴊࠡ偼(preorbital)ⱘ偼㓱, ৢজ䗤⏤বԢ, 儐剐ⱘ⹀劲䋼㸼䴶݊Ҫ㙝务剐㉏ᑆ㉏ൟ[11,13,19,23,31] Ⳉࠄⴊࠡ偼Пϟ. 䖭ᰃ᭥劲剐ⱘϔϾ䞡㽕Ꮒᓖ: ⱘ䞝䋼㸼䴶ᰃ৺᳝ᇣ⯸⚍㒧ᵘ䖬᳝ᕙѢ䖯ϔℹ㾖 ᭥劲剐Ё, ࠡϞ习偼催ᑺৢջᮍϔⳈ䗦, ᑊᔶ៤ ᆳ. ⴊࠡさ(pr. Pro, preorbital process; 4(d))ࣙೈৢ 唏ᄨৢ㓬. Ϣ᭥劲剐⟾啓剐ⳌԐ, ࠡϞ习偼᳝ϸ 1.2 㚵㔎㣑⤠㚅䐫 ⾡ϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ⠭啓. ࠡϞ习偼㝍㓬ϔᥦ䕗ⱘ䫹 㱑✊ℷൟᷛᴀϞⳟϡࠄ偼㓱( 1(a)), Ԛ䳊ᬷ ᔶ⠭啓, ⠭啓ᇣϡৠ䚼ԡ᳝Ꮒᓖ, ᭈԧϞ↨᭥劲 ⱘ乊⬆ᷛᴀ( 2, 3)Ϟৃҹ⏙Ἦഄ㾖ᆳࠄ偼㓱偼⠛ 剐᮴ᄨ剐Ёⱘ㑸㒚. ࠡϞ习偼ৢջ䚼ⱘ⠭啓 ⱘ偼࣪Ёᖗ. ℸ៥Ӏ䞡ᓎњ儐剐乊⬆ⱘ㝰䋼偼ൟ (t.Pmx; 6(d))ḍ䚼῾䴶ਜじⱘἁᔶ, ᅗӀ↨䴴 ᓣ( 1(b)). 䖥Ё㒓ⱘ⠭啓䭓. 䖭ᥦ䕗⠭啓ⱘ㚠ջ, ϔᥦᇣ Ңࠡջⳟ, Ϟ习啓㓬Ё䯈ᯢᰒさߎ( 4(a) ⠭䭊ጠࠡϞ习偼㸼䴶㉫ፈ㒍佄ⱘ䖍㓬. 4(b)), 啓㓬䕂ᒧҟѢ᮴ᄨ剐ⱘ䖥ᑇⳈᔶ( 4(c))᭥ Ёਏ偼(mR, 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 5(b))オ⨈⢊,
2 Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al., 2009)✻⠛ (a)~(e) 㛥乙ࠡ䚼㚠㾚; (a) V15542.1; (b) V15542.17; (c) V15542.2; (d) V15542.3; (e) V15542.19. (f) 㛥乙ৢ䚼㚠㾚, V15542.6
1193 Шཹㄝ: ᖫ⬭㑾㙝务剐㉏Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros)ⱘ㛥乙ᔶᗕ
Pmx (a) (b) (c) mR lR mR ano mR lR Pmx pno lR Na1 Na1 Pro So Na1 So Pro Na2 Pro So Na2 So soc soc Pr Dsph Na2 Pr Dsph ioc Pr ioc Pr Dsph soc ioc pi pi Pa pi Pa Pa It It
It 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm
(d) (e) (f) mR Pmx lR Pmx mR Pro Na1 So soc St Na1 Na2 So Pro Pr Na2 Dsph ioc soc Ppa Ta Dsph pi ioc Pr mpl Pa It Pa ppl pi It
5 mm 5 mm 5 mm
3 Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al., 2009)㒓ᴵ (a)~(e) 㛥乙ࠡ䚼㚠㾚; (a) V15542.1; (b) V15542.17; (c) V15542.2; (d) V15542.3; (e) V15542.19. (f) 㛥乙ৢ䚼㚠㾚, V15542.6. 㓽⬹䆡㾕 1
ࠡᦦܹϸࠡϞ习偼П䯈, ऴ㑺 1/4 ⱘ乊⬆䭓ᑺ. Ё㒓Ⳍ, Ϣಯ䎇ࡼ⠽Ё剐㵜(Ichthyostega)[43] Ϣ᭥劲剐[19]᮴ᄨ剐[13]ϡৠ, Ёਏ偼ϡᇣ啓, ϡ Ậ㵜(Acanthostega)[44]ⱘᚙމϔ㟈. ݊Ҫॳྟ㙝务 খϢᵘ៤Ϟ习啓㓬. Ёਏ偼ջݙߍ, Ϣջਏ偼 剐㉏Ё, 唏偼㒣ᐌ㹿ৢਏ偼ߚᓔ, ᠔ҹ儐剐ಯ䎇ࡼ 唏偼 1 Ⳍ, ৢ㓬ᣅᔶ. ⠽ⱘ䖭ϔⳌԐᑨЎᑇ㸠䖯࣪. ջਏ偼(lR, 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 5(b))ϢࠡϞ ⴊϞ偼(So, supraorbital; 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 习偼Ⳍ, ᑊҢ㝍ջࣙೈࠡ唏ᄨ(ano, anterior 5(b))ԡѢ唏偼ջ, ᔶ⢊ব࣪䕗, খϢᵘ៤ৢ唏 nostril; 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 5(b)). Ϣ᭥劲剐᮴ ᄨ(posterior nostril)ⱘ㚠㓬. ৢ唏ᄨᓔষࠡ㚠ջ, ᄨ剐Ⳍৠ, ࠡ唏ᄨ䕗, ॉᔶ, ԡѢ乊⬆㚠ջ. ℷൟᷛᴀϞֱᄬϡᅠᭈ( 1(a)), Ԛ䳊ᬷᷛᴀϞ 儐剐㔎༅㝰䋼䯈さ(dermintermedial process), 䖭Ϣ⟾ ৃҹҢ乙乊ⳟࠄৢ唏ᄨ(pno, 1, 2(a)~(e), 啓剐[20]ǃ㵊᷅剐(Styloichthys [35]ǃᄨ劲剐㉏[22,36]䕤 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 5), ԡ㕂↨݊Ҫᮽᳳ㙝务剐㉏䴴㚠 务剐㉏[24] ⳌԐ. 㝰䋼䯈さಯ䎇ᔶࡼ⠽(Tetrapo- ջ. domorpha)[37,38]ϔѯॳྟ㙝务剐㉏(՟བ᭥劲剐[19]ǃ 㛥乙ջ䴶, ࠡϞ习偼㚠ջ᳝ϔϝ㾦ᔶ偼⠛, ៥ ᮴ᄨ剐[13] ǃᴼ⇣剐[32] ǃ༛ᓖ剐[39-41] Powich- Ӏ䡈ᅮЎⴊࠡ偼(Pro, 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 5(b)). thys[33,34,42])Ёᄬ. ⴊࠡ偼㚠ջϢջਏ偼ⴊϞ偼Ⳍ, ᑊࣙೈৢ唏 ϸᇍ唏偼(nasal 1 nasal 2)ԡѢࠡ唏ᄨЁৢջ. ᄨ. ⴊࠡ偼ⱘৠ⑤݇㋏ᇚৢ᭛Ё䅼䆎. 唏偼 1 Ϣջਏ偼ᇣⳌԐ, ᵘ៤ࠡ唏ᄨⱘ㚠㓬. ⴊ ৢਏ偼(Pr, postrostral; 1(b) 3(a)~(e))ԡѢ唏 Ϟᛳ㾝ㅵ(soc, supraorbital canal; 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 偼ৢջ, Ў䖍ᔶ偼⠛. ৢਏ偼ⱘ᭄Ⳃᔶ⢊ϡৠ 5(b))こ䖛唏偼 2, Ԛ偼⠛Ϟⱘ⹀劲ፈ䖲㓁. 唏偼 2 ᷛᴀϞ᳝ᕜব࣪. ᷛᴀ V15542.1( 2(a) 3(a))
1194 Ё⾥ᄺ: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ 2010 ᑈ 40 ो 9 ᳳ
Na1 Na2 mR ano (a) (b) lR Dsph So pno
Pro
5 mm Pmx
(c) (d) ano ano
pno pr.Pro pno
Pmx Pmx
4 㛥乙ࠡ䚼ࠡ㾚 (a), (b) Ṻᑏ儐剐, ✻⠛(a)㋴ᦣ(b), V15542.1; (c) ᮴ᄨ剐, 㾕᭛⤂[25]; (d) ᭥劲剐, 㾕᭛⤂[19]. pr. Pro, ࠡϞ习偼ⴊࠡさ. ݊Ҫ㓽⬹䆡㾕 1
Ϟ, 㟇ᇥᄬϝϾৢਏ偼; ᷛᴀ V15542.17( 2(b) こ . ⴊϟᛳ㾝ㅵ(ioc, infraorbital canal; 1(b) 3(b)) Ϟ , া᳝ϔϾᇣⱘৢਏ偼; ᷛᴀ 3(a)~(e))ৃ㛑ⴊϞㅵਏ䚼⊓偼㓱Ⳍ䖲, Ϣᴼ⇣剐 V15542.2( 2(c) 3(c))Ϟ, ৢਏ偼㔎༅; ᷛᴀ ⳌԐ. Ԛᰃ䖭⾡߸ᮁ䳔㽕 CT ᠿᦣ᭄ⱘᬃᣕ. ⴊϞ V15542.3( 2(d) 3(d))Ϟ, ϔϾ䕗ⱘৢਏ偼ᦦܹ ㅵЁਏ偼ৢ㓬ϸջߚ⾏ᑊこ䖛唏偼 2 乊偼, 唏偼 2 П䯈, ݊ࠡ㓬㑺Ϣⴊᄨ(om, orbital margin; 乊⬆ৢ㓬໘㒧ᴳ. Ϣ㵊᷅剐ᴼ⇣剐ϡৠ, ⴊϞㅵϡ 6)Ё㒓ԡѢৠϔ∈ᑇ; ᷛᴀ V15542.19( 2(e) ਜオ⨈⢊. ⴊϟㅵЏջ㒓ㅵ(lc, main lateral-line 3(e))Ϟ, ಯϾᇣⱘৢਏ偼䭊ጠ唏偼 2 Пৢ. canal; 1(b) 5(b))㝰䋼㵊㘇偼ⱘ偼࣪Ёᖗ໘Ⳍ 乊偼(Pa, parietal; 1(b), 3(a)~(e) 5(b))䕗, 䖲. 乊⬆Ϟ㾕ߍ㒓. ԡѢৢਏ偼唏偼Пৢ. 乊偼ࠡ㓬ࠄ䖒ⴊৢさ(ptoc, 1.3 㚵㔎⽔⤠㚅䐫 6(c)). ᵒᵰᄨ(pi, pineal foramen; 1(b) 3(a)~(e)) 䕗ᇣ, ᔶ, ԡѢⴊᄨПৢ, ᑊ㹿乊偼ᅠܼࣙೈ. ৢ乊⬆ⱘ䳊ᬷᷛᴀϞ(V15542.4~6, 21)ৃ㾕ϝᇍ 乊偼ջϢ㝰䋼㵊㘇偼(Dsph, dermosphenotic; 偼⠛( 1, 2(f) 3(f)): ৢ乊偼ǃϞ乲偼ᵓ偼. ৢ乊 1(b), 3(a)~(e), 4(b) 5(b))䯈乲偼(It, intertem- 偼(Ppa, postparietal; 1, 2(f) 3(f))㒚䭓, ৢ㓬䕗ࠡ poral; 1(b), 3(a)~(e) 5(b))Ⳍ. 㝰䋼㵊㘇偼䕗, 㓬⬹ᆑ, ջϞ乲偼ᵓ偼䖲໘さ. Ϣᓹ᳐ [23] [14] [12, 45] ᵘ៤ⴊᄨ㚠㓬. 䯈乲偼㒚䭓, ࠡ㓬বじϢ㝰䋼㵊㘇偼 剐 ǃDialipina 㟠劲剐 ⳌԐ, ৢ乊偼䖥Ё㒓 Ⳍ. ໘ৃ㾕ϔᇍЁߍ㒓(mpl, middle pit-line; 1, 2(f) 乊⬆Ϟᛳ㾝ㅵ㋏㒳ֱᄬ䴲ᐌᅠད. ⴊϞᛳ㾝ㅵ 3(f))ϔᇍৢߍ㒓(ppl, posterior pit-line; 1, 2(f) ⇣ᭈԧ䕂ᒧਜֱ啘⧗⫊⢊. ⴊϞㅵࠡ䚼䴴䖥Ё㒓, ϢЁ 3(f)). Ёǃৢߍ㒓ԡ㕂䛑䕗䴴ৢ, 䖭Ϣ᭥劲剐ǃᴼ ਏ偼ջ㓬偼㓱䞡ড়. Ϣ᭥劲剐ǃ᮴ᄨ剐݊Ҫ㙝务剐 剐ǃPowichthys༛ᓖ剐[39]ⳌԐ, 㗠Ϣᄨ劲剐㉏[22] ㉏ⳌԐ, ⴊϞㅵԡѢϸϾࠡ唏ᄨП䯈. 䕤务剐㉏ ⟾啓剐㉏[20,21]ϡৠ. ৢ乊偼Ϟ㾕ⴊϞᛳ㾝ㅵࠡ Ё, ⴊϞㅵ䗮ᐌࠡᮍሩᑊҢࠡǃৢ唏ᄨП䯈䌃 ߍ㒓(anterior pit-line). 䕤务剐㉏Ё, ৢ乊偼Ϟৃ
1195 Шཹㄝ: ᖫ⬭㑾㙝务剐㉏Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros)ⱘ㛥乙ᔶᗕ
[24] 㾕ࠡߍ㒓 . (a) ৢ乊偼ջЎ䰘ⴔЏջ㒓ㅵⱘϞ乲偼(St; 1, 2(f) 3(f))ᵓ偼(Ta; 1, 2(f) 3(f))ࣙೈ. ᵓ偼Ϟ ≵᳝ߍ㒓, 䖭᭥劲剐[19]᮴ᄨ剐[13]ϔ㟈, Ϣᴼ⇣ 剐[32]ǃPowichthys[33,34]ᄨ劲剐㉏[22]ϡৠ. ℷൟᷛᴀϞ, ᵓ偼ջ㙽㚯偼ⱘջ᳝ϔ ᇣ偼⠛, ៥Ӏ䡈ᅮЎ乲偼(Et, extratemporal; 1). 乲偼ৠḋᄬѢ㚃⇣剐(Kenichthys)[46,47] ǃPowi- chthys[33,34]ǃᴼ⇣剐[32]ǃ⟾啓剐[20]ǃḍ啓剐㉏[48~50] 5 mm (b) soc ϔѯ偼劲剐㉏Ё, ᑨЎ㙝务剐㉏ⱘϔϾॳྟ⡍ᕕ. ぎ
Ậ剐㉏ϔѯ䖯ℹⱘ偼劲剐㉏Ё㔎༅乲偼ᑨЎ䖯 It Pa ℹ⡍ᕕ[51]. Ϣ⟾啓剐ḍ啓剐㉏ϡৠ, 乲偼≵᳝ lc Na2 Dsph Ϟ乲偼㾺. ϔじ䭓ᮄ᳜ᔶ偼⠛ԡѢ乲偼ࠡջ, Ϟ ano Na1 乲偼ᵓ偼ջ, ੑৡЎ䰘乲偼(Eta, accessory So extratemporal; 1). 乲偼䰘乲偼䳊ᬷᷛᴀ lR mR Pro Pmx , Ϟ㔎༅ ৃ㛑ᰃ⬅ѢᅗӀϢϞ乲偼ᵓ偼䖲ϡ㋻ Ju ᆚ. pno ∈㔎(spiracular notch)ԡѢ䰘乲偼Пࠡ, Ϟ 5 Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al., 2009) 乲偼ջ, ᣛ⼎њ∈ᄨⱘԡ㕂䕗ᴼ⇣剐[32]ǃ⟾啓 㛥乙ࠡ䚼ջ㾚, V15542.1, ✻⠛(a)㋴ᦣ(b). Ju, 乻偼. ݊Ҫ㓽⬹䆡 [20] [48~50] 剐 ḍ啓剐㉏ 䴴ࠡ. 㾕 1
1.4 ㋻㣜㩰吒㘇⭥㚅䐫 ԡѢࡃ㵊偼ⱘࠡջᮍ, ࠡϞ习偼ⱘৢᮍ, ᑊ㹿ϔϾᮍ Ϟ㝁䴶㝰䋼偼( 5 6) ࣙᣀࡃ㵊偼(Psp, ᔶᑇৄࣙೈ. ᑇৄ㸼䴶ᕜϡᑇᭈ, ⬅ᇣϡㄝǃᔶ⢊ parasphenoid; 6 7(a)~(c)) ࠡਏ偼(pre.R, ϡৠⱘ䱚䍋ঞ݊䯈ⱘߍ≳ᵘ៤, ৃ㛑ᰃ⡕偼䰘ⴔऎ prerostral; 6 7(a)~(c)). Ϣ᭥劲剐⟾啓剐ϔ㟈, (ar.Vo, vomeral area; 6 7(a)~(c)). Chang 儐剐ⱘࡃ㵊偼ᕜᇣ, ਜॉ㗙㧅ᔶ. Ⳍ↨Пϟ, ᮴ Smith[52]䅸Ў⡕偼䰘ⴔऎ᳝ϡ㾘߭≳㛞ᰃᴼ⇣剐ǃ [13] ᄨ剐ⱘࡃ㵊偼䕗Ϩਜ∈Ⓢ⢊ . ࡃ㵊偼ԡѢ唏䯈 Powichthys༛ᓖ剐ⱘ᳝݅⡍ᕕ. ᭥劲剐᮴ᄨ剐 㛞(ri.in, internasal ridge; 6 7(a)~(c))ПৢϨ㹿ൖ Ё, 䖭Ͼऎඳᑊ≵᳝≳㛞. ⠛ԧㅵ(c.hyp, hypophysial canal; 6 7(a)~(c))⋲こ. ؐᕫ⊼ᛣⱘᰃ, ᷛᴀ㝍䴶᳝ϔϾ啓ⱘ偼 ൖԧᄨ↨᭥劲剐᮴ᄨ剐ⱘ. ᷛᴀV15542.19( 䰘ⴔЁㄯऎ(median ethmoid)ࠡ䚼. 䖭Ͼ偼⠛Ϣࠡ 7(c))Ϟ, ࡃ㵊偼⊓ൖԧㅵ⸈㺖, ৃҹ⏙Ἦⳟࠄൖԧㅵ Ϟ习偼Ⳍ, ᑊϨখϢᔶ៤Ϟ习啓㓬. 䆹偼⠛⹀偼 㵊偼ݙⱘ䍄. ࡃ㵊偼㸼䴶ൖᄨПৢ᳝ᇣ啓 剐㉏ЁҢ᳝䖛䘧, Ԛᔶᗕԡ㕂ϞৃҹϢⳒⲂ 㽚Ⲫ, 㗠⟾啓剐Ё, ᇣ啓㽚ⲪⱘऎඳԡѢൖԧᄨП 剐㉏ⱘࠡਏ⠛(prerostral plate)ᇍᑨ. ࠡਏ⠛ⱘᄬৃ ࠡ . 儐剐ⱘൖᄨԡѢ㛥乙ㄯ݇㡖(art.e, ethmoid 㛑ᰃ⹀偼剐㉏ⳒⲂ剐㉏ⱘϔϾ᳝݅⡍ᕕ, ᑊ䕤 articulation; 6, 7(a) 7(b))Пࠡ. 䖭Ϣ᭥劲剐᮴ 务剐㉏݊Ҫ㙝务剐㉏Ёߚ߿϶༅. ᄨ剐䖥, ৢϸ㗙Ё, ൖԧᄨϢㄯ݇㡖㟈໘Ѣৠ ϔ∈ᑇ㒓Ϟ. 㗠݊Ҫ㙝务剐㉏Ё(՟བ⟾啓剐ǃᴼ⇣ 2 㚻㔎 剐ᄨ劲剐㉏), ൖԧᄨԡѢㄯ݇㡖Пৢ. ൖԧᄨⳌ ᇍԡ㕂ⱘϡৠৃ㛑ᧁ⼎њ㙝务剐㉏㛥㜨㒧ᵘⱘᏂᓖ. 2.1 〚⡟㲹䎘 唏䯈ぱ(in.cav, internasal cavity; 6 7(a)~(c)) 儐剐ⱘݙ乙ࣙᣀㄯ㵊ऎ㘇ᵩऎ. Ϣ᭥劲剐 ᮴ᄨ剐Ⳍ↨, 儐剐ⱘݙ乙偼࣪ϡᅠܼ, ᇐ㟈ᕜ䲒ᦣ䗄
1196 Ё⾥ᄺ: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ 2010 ᑈ 40 ो 9 ᳳ
mR (b) pre.R (a) ri.in
Pmx c.hyp t.Pmx in.cav ar.Vo l.ethm
c.on art.e
Psp a.mc.sb
le.so c.a.ci
pr.bp gr.a.ci
5 mm gr.ct.nt cav.cr np pr.d
mR pre.R ri.in (c) (d) Pmx pre.R in.cav pno Pmx ar.Vo in.cav t.Pmx
Pro Pro
ar.Vo c.on om Psp art.e c.hyp om art.e ptoc te.o gr.a.ci a.mc.sb c.a.ci c.a.ci gr.a.ci pr.bp pr.d pr.bp pr.bp pr.d
lp lp c.ju gr.ct.nt np cav.cr 5 mm 5 mm 6 Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al., 2009) 㛥乙ࠡ䚼㝍㾚. (a), (b) V15542.2, ✻⠛(a)㋴ᦣ(b); (c) V15542.3, ✻⠛; (d) V15542.18, ✻⠛. a.mc.sb, 乙ϟ㙠䰘ⴔऎ; ar.Vo, ⡕偼䰘ⴔऎ; ;art.e, 㛥乙ㄯ݇㡖; c.a.ci, ݙ乜ࡼ㛝ㅵ; c.on, 唏ⴊㅵ; c.hyp, ൖԧㅵ; c.ju, 乜䴭㛝ㅵ; cav.cr, 㛥㜨; in.cav, 唏䯈ぱ; gr.a.ci, ݙ乜ࡼ㛝䗮䘧 gr.ct.nt, ⦃㛞㋶㒧㓨㒘㒛䰘ⴔऎ; l.ethm, ջㄯऎ; le.so, ⴊϟ㛞; lp, ⴊৢ᷅; np, 㛞㋶ߍ; om, ⴊᄨ; pr.bp, 㵊さ; pr.d, ϟ䰡さ; pre.R, ࠡਏ偼; Psp, ࡃ㵊偼; Ptoc, ⴊৢさ; ri.in, 唏䯈㛞; t.Pmx, ࠡϞ习偼⠭啓; te.o, ⴊ乊Ⲫ. ݊Ҫ㓽⬹䆡㾕 1
ㄯ㵊ऎջ䴶㘇ᵩऎⱘ㾷ࠪᄺ㒧ᵘ. 儐剐ⱘㄯ㵊ऎ 2.2 㚵㔎㣑⤠(㩙⮜㤙)㘇 [19] [13] [20,53] . Ϣ᭥劲剐 ǃ᮴ᄨ剐 ⟾啓剐 ⳌԐ ᅗӀ䛑 5 ӊᷛᴀ(V15542.2, 3, 17~19)ֱᄬњㄯ㵊ऎⱘݙ ᳝ⱘṼᔶⱘ唏䯈ぱǃԡѢᇣϝ㾦ᔶࡃ㵊偼ࠡⱘじ䭓 乙ᵘ䗴. Ϣ᭥劲剐ǃ᮴ᄨ剐⟾啓剐ⳌԐ, 儐剐᳝ ⱘ唏䯈㛞ǃԡѢ唏ৢຕ(postnasal wall)ϞⳌৠԡ㕂ⱘ Ṽᔶⱘ唏䯈ぱ. 唏䯈ぱ䕗⏅, ࠡᮍࠡջᮍ⬅ࠡϞ习 ㄯ݇㡖ⱘ乙ϟ㙠(basicranial muscle)䰘ⴔऎ. 偼ࣙೈ, ৢջᮍ⬅⡕偼䰘ⴔऎࣙೈ. ϸϾ唏䯈ぱҢࠡ
1197 Шཹㄝ: ᖫ⬭㑾㙝务剐㉏Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros)ⱘ㛥乙ᔶᗕ
ࠄৢ㹿ࠡ唏偼ǃじ䭓ⱘ唏䯈㛞ࡃ㵊偼ߚ䱨. 唏䯈ぱ ៤њ唏䯈ぱⱘ㚠ջຕҹঞ唏ಞⱘݙջ㝍ջຕ. Ϣ ৢջ㒜ℶѢࡃ㵊偼ৢ㓬. 䰸⟾啓剐㉏ⱘ݊Ҫ㙝务㉏ⳌԐ, ջㄯऎখϢᵘ៤ 唏䯈㛞ऴњЁㄯऎⱘ䚼. ㄯऎⳌᇍѢⴊ㵊 њ⡕偼ⱘᬃᩥ. ⟾啓剐㉏㔎༅⡕偼[20]. ջㄯऎⱘৢ㝍 ऎ䕗䭓. 唏䯈㛞ࠡ䚼⬅ࠡਏ偼㽚Ⲫ, ৢ䚼䗤⏤বᆑ, ջϢ唏ৢຕ∛ড়. 唏ৢຕ(w.pn, 8)⊓ࠡջᮍЁ ⼲ᓊԌ㟇ࡃ㵊偼㚠ջ. ৢᮍᓊԌ. 儐剐ݙ乙࣪ᑺ䕗Ꮒ, ᮴⊩⹂ᅮϝঝ ջㄯऎ(l.ethm, lateral ethmoid; 6(b) 7(a))ᵘ 㒣⏅ᬃ(profundus canal)ⱘᓔষ. ⡕偼䰘ⴔऎৢջৃ
pre.R (a) pre.R Pmx (c) ri.in ri.in
Pro Pmx in.cav in.cav So l.ethm
c.hyp ar.Vo
ar.Vo Psp c.hyp 5 mm art.e mR in.cav te.o (d) pno
pr.bp Pmx pr.d c.ju ar.Vo om 5 mm a.mc.sb a.mc.sb art.e Psp pr.bp
(b) mR pre.R Pmx in.cav c.a.ci gr.a.ci c.ju np cav.cr Pro c.hyp mR in.cav (e) So ar.Vo Pmx
c.on Psp
art.e ar.Vo art.e a.mc.sb c.a.ci Psp le.so c.hyp pr.bp le.so le.so c.a.ci a.mc.sb gr.a.ci gr.a.ci pr.d pr.d
gr.ct.nt cav.cr np np lp cav.cr
7 㛥乙ࠡ䚼㝍㾚 (a), (b) 儐剐, V15542.17, ✻⠛(a)㋴ᦣ(b); (c) 儐剐, V15542.19, ✻⠛; (d) ᭥劲剐, ㋴ᦣ, 㾕᭛⤂[19]; (e) ᮴ᄨ剐, ㋴ᦣ, 㾕᭛⤂[13]. 㓽⬹䆡㾕 1 6
1198 Ё⾥ᄺ: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ 2010 ᑈ 40 ो 9 ᳳ
㾕ϔջᮍᳱⱘᓔᄨ, ৃ㛑ᰃ唏ⴊㅵ(c.on, orbito- 2.3 㚵㔎㣑⤠(㩙⮜㤙)⽔㘇 nasal canal; 6, 7(a) 7(b)) . [32,54] ⱘᓔষ Ϣᴼ⇣剐 ㄯ㵊ऎৢ䴶ᷛᴀV15542.2, V15542.3 [36] , . ,ᄨ劲剐㉏ ⳌԐ 唏ⴊㅵ䴴䖥唏ಞݙջ ⳳᥠ务 V15542.17 Ё⏙᱄ৃ㾕. Ϣ᭥劲剐ⳌԐ, 㛞㋶ߍ(np (Eusthenopteron)[54,55] , . 剐 Ё 唏ⴊㅵԡѢ唏ಞջ notochord pit; 8)㝍ջ᳝ϔߍ䱋(gr.ct.nt, groove for ᷛᴀV15542.17 Ё, ⴊᄨ㝍ջ䖍㓬᳝ϔϾ८㛞 insection of connective tissue sheath surrounding ( 7(a) 7(b)), Ϣ㚠ջⱘ㝰䋼㵊㘇偼䯈乲偼ᛜড়, notochord, 6~8), ৃ㛑⫼Ѣ䰘ⴔ⦃㒩㛞㋶ⱘ㒧㓨㒘 ৃ㛑ᰃ⬅থ㚆ⱘⴊ乊Ⲫ(te.o, orbital tectum; 7(a)) 㒛[19,22]. ᔶ៤. ⴊ乊Ⲫ䖬᭥劲剐ǃᴼ⇣剐ǃPowichthysǃ㚎 㛞㋶ߍ㚠ջϢ㛥㜨㹿ϔ∈ᑇ䱨㝰(shh, 8)ߚ䱨. [19, 52] 剐㉏ᄨ劲剐㉏Ё থ㚆. 㛥㜨㝍䚼じ, 㚠䚼ᆑ. 㛥乙ⱘㄯ݇㡖ЎϸϾৢ㝍ᮍᓔষⱘぱ, Ϣⴊ ᄨ໘Ѣৠϔ∈ᑇ㒓Ϟ. ݇㡖䴶ਜἁṼ⢊, 䭓䕈ࠡ 3 㲷㔼 Ё-ৢᓊԌ. Ϣ⟾啓剐ⳌԐ, ㄯ݇㡖䎼䍞њջㄯ ऎⴊ㵊ऎⱘ偼࣪Ёᖗ. 儐剐ⱘㄯ݇㡖ⳌᇍѢ⟾啓 3.1 䇓䈄㏁䄜㾊㵘⤠㚅䐫⭥㵍䊕㻖 . 剐䴴Ё㒓 ⹀偼剐㉏Ё༈䚼㝰䋼偼ⱘৠ⑤݇㋏ϔⳈᰃᮽᳳ (le.so, suborbital ledge; 6, 7(a) 7(b)) ⴊϟ㛞 㛞Ợࡼ⠽ᄺᆊ䅼䆎ⱘ⛁⚍(བ᭛⤂[18, 56~62]). ԡѢㄯ݇㡖ৢջ, ৢջᮍᓊԌ㟇㵊さ(pr.bp, bas- Westoll[18]ᇚಯ䎇ࡼ⠽Ёⱘੑৡ㋏㒳ᑨ⫼ࠄ剐㉏; ipterygoid process; 6, 7(a) 7(b)). Ϣ᭥劲剐᮴ Jarvik[43,61,63]߭ᓎゟњѢݙ乙⼲㒣㋏㒳Ⳍᇍԡ㕂ⱘ ᄨ剐ⳌԐ, 儐剐ⱘ㵊さЎϔᇍᳱջᮍⱘᇣさ ᴃ䇁㋏㒳; Jollie[59]ᬃᣕWestollⱘ㾖⚍ᑊᇱ䆩ᇍ⹀偼 ,䍋, 䇈ᯢᅗӀⱘݙ乙Ϣ㝁偼さ(basal process of the 剐㉏Џ㽕㉏㕸ᓎゟϔ༫䗮⫼ⱘᴃ䇁㋏㒳. ᳔䖥 pars palatoquadrate)䖲䕗ᔅ. 㵊さᴼ⇣剐ǃ Schultze[62]䅼䆎њ䕤务剐㉏Ё༈䚼㝰䋼偼ⱘৡ⿄ৠ [52] Powichthysǃᄨ劲剐㉏༛ᓖ剐 Ё䕗Ўᆑ. ᷛ ⑤݇㋏, ᇍJarvikⱘ⧚䆎ᦤߎњ䋼⭥. ✊㗠, 䖭ѯ䅼 ᴀV15542.3 Ё, ⴊৢ᷅(lp, postorbital pillar; 6(c)) 䆎া⍝ঞ乙乊⬆Ё㒓ջ㒓ᛳ㾝ㅵ䰘䖥ⱘ偼⠛,
䖲њ㵊さⴊ䯈ຕ(interorbital wall), 䖭Ϣ᭥劲 (a) 剐ǃ᮴ᄨ剐㵊᷅剐[35]ⳌԐ. 㵊さⱘЁࠡᮍ᳝ϔᇍ᷅⢊さ䍋(pr.d, des- cending process; 6, 7(a) 7(b)), ৃҹϢ᮴ᄨ剐ǃᴼ ⇣剐Powichthys[34]Ёⱘϟ䰡さᇍ↨. ϟ䰡さࠡջᮍ᳝ϔᇍᳱৢջᮍⱘᓔষ, Ўݙ 乜ࡼ㛝ㅵ(c.a.ci, canal for the internal carotid artery; 5 mm 6, 7(a) 7(b))ᓔষ. ᓔষৢᮍ᳝ݙ乜ࡼ㛝ⱘ䗮䘧 (gr.a.ci, groove for the internal carotid artery; 6, 7(a) cav.cr (b) 7(b)), 䆹䗮䘧᭥劲剐᮴ᄨ剐Ёৠḋᄬ. c.ju 㵊ऎⱘ㝍䚼᳝ϔϾⱘ㉫㊭ऎඳ, ৃ㛑ᰃ乙 ϟ㙠ⱘ䰘ⴔऎ(a.mc.sb, attachment area for the bas- w.pn lp icranial muscle; 6, 7(a) 7(b)). 䖭Ͼऎඳ㹿ࡃ㵊 偼ǃݙ乜ࡼ㛝䗮䘧ϟ䰡さࣙೈ. ⳌԐⱘ䰘ⴔऎ㾕Ѣ shh ᭥劲剐ǃ᮴ᄨ剐⟾啓剐Ё, ᣛ⼎њᅗӀ乙䯈݇㡖ᔎ [21] art.e np ⱘ䖤ࡼࡳ㛑 . pr.d gr.ct.nt ᷛᴀ V15542.17 Ϟ, 㛞㋶ߍջຕⱘջ᳝ϔϾ 8 Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al. 2009) ᓔষ, ৃ㛑Ў乜䴭㛝ㅵ(c.ju, jugal canal; 7(a))ᓔষ. 㛥乙ࠡ䚼ৢ㾚, V15542.3, ✻⠛(a)㋴ᦣ(b). shh, 㛞㋶ߍ㛥㜨П ᷛᴀ V15542.3( 6(c))Ё, ⴊৢ᷅῾䎼乜䴭㛝ㅵ. 䯈ⱘ∈ᑇ䯈䱨; w.pn, 唏ৢຕ. ݊Ҫ㓽⬹䆡㾕 1 6
1199 Шཹㄝ: ᖫ⬭㑾㙝务剐㉏Ṻᑏ儐剐(Guiyu oneiros)ⱘ㛥乙ᔶᗕ
Spo ≵᳝ᄺ㗙ᗔ⭥⊾偼䕤务剐㉏㙝务剐㉏Ёⱘৠ⑤ ano [62] ᗻ. ↨བ, Schultze ᣛߎ, 䕤务剐㉏Ёⱘⴊϟ偼 1 Ju pno 㙝务剐㉏Ёⱘ⊾偼ৠ⑤. Ѣ䖭⾡ৠ⑤݇㋏, ҪЎ᭥ Cheirolepis Pro 劲剐䞡ᓎњϔഫ⊾偼, Ԛᰃ䖭㔎У࣪䆕ⱘᬃᣕ. La Pmx .ḍ儐剐ᮄ䌘᭭, 䖭⾡㾖⚍ᇚ㹿ׂℷ
儐剐ৢ唏ᄨⱘৢ㓬ЎϔϾᇣϝ㾦ᔶ偼⠛ࣙೈ, Dsph Na1 ano 䖭ഫ偼⠛ৃҹϢ䕤务剐㉏Ёⱘⴊࠡ偼(preorbital So Guiyu lR [14,28,63] antorbital)ᇍ↨ ( 9). ⴊࠡ偼䕤务剐㉏Ёԡ Pro Pmx Ju ѢࠡϞ习偼ⱘ㚠ջ, ᑊҢৢᮍࣙೈৢ唏ᄨ. ⟾啓 pno 剐[20]Ё, ࣙೈৢ唏ᄨৢ㓬ⱘ偼⠛㹿⿄Ў“⊾偼”. 䆹
偼⠛ԡѢϞ习偼ࠡϞ习偼ⱘ㚠ջ, ↨݊Ҫ㙝务剐 ano
㉏Ё⊾偼ⱘԡ㕂䴴ࠡ. ݊Ҫ㙝务剐㉏Ё, ⊾偼ᕔᕔ Achoania ԡѢࠡϞ习偼Пৢ[63,65]. ᠔ҹ, ⟾啓剐Ёⱘ“⊾偼”ᑨ , Pro Pmx Ϣ儐剐䕤务剐㉏Ёⱘⴊࠡ偼Ⳍ䖥 ሲѢ㛥乙乊 pno 䚼ⱘ偼⠛㗠ϡᰃ乞䚼偼⠛. 䗮䖛Ϣ儐剐↨䕗, ᮴ᄨ 剐[13]ᕜৃ㛑гৢ唏ᄨৢ㓬᳝ϔഫⴊࠡ偼. ᭥劲剐Ё, ৢ唏ᄨЎࠡϞ习偼ⱘⴊࠡさ( 4(d))ࣙ Psarolepis ano ೈ, 䖭Ͼさ䍋ৃ㛑ℷᰃ⬅ⴊࠡ偼ࠡϞ习偼ᛜড়㗠 pno Pmx ៤. 䗮䖛Ϣ儐剐↨䕗, ៥Ӏ䅸Ў᭥劲剐ⱘࠡϞ习偼ৢ ջᑨⳈϢ乻偼㾺, ᑊϡᄬSchultze[62]᭛Ё䞡 Po ᓎⱘ⊾偼. ⴊࠡ偼ϔѯॳྟ㙝务剐㉏Ёⱘᄬ䇈 ano Ju ᯢৢ唏ᄨৢջ㹿ⴊࠡ偼ࠡϞ习偼ⴊࠡさࣙೈᑨ Onychodus lR [66] Pmx 䆹ᰃ䕤务剐㉏ⱘ䖥⼪ᗻ⢊㗠䴲䖥㺨ᗻ⢊ . ϔѯ䕤 Pro pno 务剐㉏Ёⱘⴊࠡ偼϶༅ϢࠡϞ习偼ᛜড়ᑨЎϢ᭥ 劲剐ⱘᑇ㸠䖯࣪. Po
ぎẬ剐㉏Ё, “⊾-乻偼”(“lachrymojugal”)ࣙೈⴊ lR Whiteia Pro ano ᄨⱘৢ㝍ջ䖍㓬, 䖭ഫ偼⠛ϔ㠀䅸Ўᰃ⬅⊾偼Ϣ乻 [64] Ju pno 偼ᛜড়㗠៤ . 䗮䖛ᇍ儐剐⟾啓剐ⱘⷨお↨䕗, ぎ Pmx Ậ剐㉏Ёⱘ“⊾-乻偼”㾷䞞Ў乻偼(⊾偼㔎༅), ৃ㛑 Po ヺড়ㅔ㑺ᗻⱘॳ߭. ⊾偼儐剐ǃ⟾啓剐㉏ぎẬ lR , Ju 剐㉏Ёⱘ㔎༅ৃ㛑ҷ㸼њ㙝务剐㉏ⱘϔϾॳྟ⡍ᕕ Kenichthys ano Mx 㗠务㉏(㚎剐ᔶࡼ⠽ಯ䎇ᔶࡼ⠽)Ёⱘ⊾偼ᑨЎ La pno Pmx 䖯࣪Ϟⱘᮄ⫳ᵘ䗴. ᠔ҹ, 䕤务剐㉏㙝务剐㉏Ёⱘ 9 ⹀偼剐㉏ϔѯ㛥乙㝰䋼偼ⱘ↨䕗 ⊾偼ᑊ䴲ৠ⑤ᵘ䗴. 䕤务剐㉏儐剐ⱘৢ唏ᄨৢջⱚ⬅ⴊࠡ偼ࣙೈ. ⟾啓剐᠔䇧“⊾ 3.2 ⺎䈄䐱䈌㔎ヅㅻ㼁⭥㚻㔎㲹䎘 偼”ᑨЎⴊࠡ偼, ぎẬ剐㉏ⱘ“⊾-乻偼”ᑨҙЎ乻偼. ⊾偼儐剐ᬃ ㋏ǃ⟾啓剐㉏ぎẬ剐㉏Ё㔎༅, 䇈ᯢ务剐㉏Ёⱘ⊾偼Ϣ䕤务剐 乙䯈݇㡖ᇚ㙝务剐㉏ⱘ㛥乙ߚЎࠡৢϸ䚼ߚ, ㉏Ёⱘ⊾偼ᑊ䴲ৠ⑤ᵘ䗴. Cheirolepis 㾕᭛⤂[27]Ёⱘ 20; ᮴ᄨ ᇍѢ݊ࡳ㛑ⱘ㾷䞞ྟ㒜ᄬᕜߚ℻. Ϣ乙䯈݇㡖 剐㾕᭛⤂[13]Ёⱘ 1; ᭥劲剐㾕᭛⤂[13]Ёⱘ 2; ⟾啓剐㾕᭛⤂ [20]Ёⱘ 4; Whiteia 㾕᭛⤂[64]Ёⱘ 4.15; 㚃⇣剐㾕᭛⤂[47]Ё (adductor muscle) ᳝݇ⱘ⡍ᕕ᳝乙ϟ㙠ǃݙᬊ㙠 ϟ ⱘ 1. La, ⊾偼; Mx, Ϟ习偼. ݊Ҫ㓽⬹䆡㾕 1, 5 6 䰡さㄝ. LuZhu[21]᳔䖥䅼䆎њ乙ϟ㙠ㅤ䮼啓剐 (Qingmenodus)ぎẬ剐㉏Ёⱘথ㚆ᚙމ, 䅸ЎᅗӀ 㡖. ḍ儐剐䕗ⱘ乙ϟ㙠䰘ⴔऎ, ៥Ӏ䅸Ў儐剐ৃ 䛑᳝ࡴ䭓ⱘ乙ϟ㙠, 䇈ᯢৃ㛑᳝ᔎໂⱘ乙䯈݇ 㛑ৠḋ᳝থ㚆ⱘ乙䯈݇㡖.
1200 Ё⾥ᄺ: ഄ⧗⾥ᄺ 2010 ᑈ 40 ो 9 ᳳ
儐剐㵊ऎ᳝䕗㗠㉫㊭ⱘ乙ϟ㙠䰘ⴔऎ. ⬅ѢൖԧϢϟϬ㛥(hypothalamus)Ⳍ䖲, 㗠ϟϬ ᭥劲剐ǃ᮴ᄨ剐⟾啓剐Ё, 乙ϟ㙠䰘ⴔऎৠḋথ 㛥জᰃ䯈㛥ⱘϔ䚼ߚ[68], ᠔ҹൖԧᄨⱘⳌᇍԡ㕂ৃ 㚆. 䕗䴶⿃ⱘ䰘ⴔऎᣛ⼎њ䖭ѯ㉏㕸᳝ᔎໂⱘ 㛑гᣛ⼎њ㛥㜨㙝务剐㉏Ёⱘব࣪. ㄯ݇㡖ϔ㠀 乙䯈݇㡖[21], ᑨЎ㙝务剐㉏ⱘϔϾॳྟ⡍ᕕ. Ԛᰃ, ԡѢջㄯऎջ䚼, 㗠ջㄯऎ߭䗮ᐌᵘ៤唏ಞⱘЁ [20] 儐剐ⱘ㛥乙偼࣪ᑺ䕗Ꮒᇐ㟈៥Ӏϡ㛑⹂ᅮ乙ϟ㙠 ຕ . ᠔ҹൖԧᄨԡ㕂Ⳍᇍ䴴ࠡৃ㛑ᣛ⼎њッ㛥 㘇ᵩऎⱘ䰘ⴔᚙމ. (telencephalon)ஙᴳ(olfactory tract)䕗ⷁ. ᔧ✊, 䖭 Ϣ乙ϟ㙠Ⳍ݇ⱘϔ⡍ᕕᰃϟ䰡さ. ϟ䰡さ᳔ ѯ䆎䖬䳔㽕ᕫࠄCT᭄䞡ᓎⱘᬃᣕ. ᮽPowichthys[34]ᴼ⇣剐[32]Ё᳝䘧, ᅗ䗮䖛䕃㒘 㒛Ϣ㘇ᵩऎⱘ乙さ(basicranial process)Ⳍ䖲, ῾䎼 4 ㆂ㔼 乙䯈݇㡖. ϟ䰡さгᄬѢ᮴ᄨ剐㵊᷅剐[34]Ё. ᭥劲剐ⱘᦣ䗄Ё, Yu[19]ᇚ㵊ऎⱘϸϾ᷅⢊さ(knob. 佪儐剐ᬃ㋏Ёᘶњ乙乊ⱘ㝰䋼偼ൟᓣ: m. sc., 3)Ϣϟ䰡さᇍ↨, ᑊᕫࠄњFriedman[67]ⱘ 乊⬆Ϣৢ乊⬆ㄝ䭓; Ёਏ偼ϡ啓, ϡখϢᵘ៤Ϟ习 ᬃᣕ. Ԛ䖭ϸϾ᷅⢊さϢϟ䰡さԡ㕂Ϟᄬ䕗 啓㓬; 唏偼Ё㒓Ⳍ; ৢਏ偼ᔶ⢊ǃ᭄Ⳃϡᅮ; Ёǃ Ꮒᓖ. ᴼ⇣剐ǃPowichthysǃ᮴ᄨ剐㵊᷅剐Ё, ϟ ৢߍ㒓䖥Ё㒓. 䰡さԡѢ㵊さⱘЁৢᮍݙ乜ࡼ㛝䗮䘧ⱘৢᮍ; Ϣ䕤务剐㉏ⳌԐ, 儐剐ⱘৢ唏ᄨৢջ⬅ⴊࠡ ⟾㗠᭥劲剐ЁⱘϸϾ᷅⢊さ߭㵊さⱘЁࠡᮍݙ 偼ࣙೈ. 䗮䖛Ϣ儐剐䕤务剐㉏ⱘ↨䕗, ៥Ӏ䅸Ў 乜ࡼ㛝䗮䘧ⱘࠡᮍ. ᠔ҹ៥Ӏ䅸Ў᭥劲剐ЁⱘϸϾ 啓剐᮴ᄨ剐ⱘৢ唏ᄨৢջৠḋ⬅ⴊࠡ偼㗠䴲⊾ ᷅⢊さϢϟ䰡さᑊϡⳌৠ, ϟ䰡さ᭥劲剐Ёϡᄬ 偼ࣙೈ. ⴊࠡ偼ৃ㛑ᰃ䕤务剐㉏㙝务剐㉏ⱘ᳝݅ . থ㚆ⱘϟ䰡さৃ㛑䇈ᯢњϢ㘇ᵩऎⱘ㋻ᆚ݇㘨, ⡍ᕕ. Ϣ乙䯈݇㡖ⱘ⌏ࡼ㛑᳝݇. ⊾偼儐剐ᬃ㋏ǃ⟾啓剐㉏ぎẬ剐㉏Ё㔎༅, 䕤务剐㉏㙝务剐㉏Ёᑊ䴲ৠ⑤ᵘ䗴. 3.3 ⪚㳆㋸䈌㚵㔎㩙ㅻ⭥㼁ⰵ㸜䐤 儐剐ⱘㄯ㵊ऎϢ᭥劲剐[19]ǃ᮴ᄨ剐[13]⟾啓 [20,53] ᷛᴀ V15542.19 Ϟ៥Ӏৃҹ⏙Ἦⳟࠄ, 儐剐ⱘ 剐 ⳌԐ. ᅗӀ䛑᳝ⱘṼᔶⱘ唏䯈ぱǃԡѢᇣ ൖԧᄨԡѢ㛥乙ㄯ݇㡖Пࠡ( 7(c)). 䆹⡍ᕕϢ᭥劲 ϝ㾦ᔶࡃ㵊偼ࠡⱘじ䭓ⱘ唏䯈㛞ǃԡѢ唏ৢຕϞⳌৠ 剐᮴ᄨ剐䖥, 䖭ϸ⾡ᑆ㙝务剐㉏Ё, ൖԧᄨ ԡ㕂ⱘㄯ݇㡖ⱘ乙ϟ㙠䰘ⴔऎ. ϢⳒⲂ剐㉏Ⳍ 㟈ㄯ݇㡖ԡѢৠϔ∈ᑇ㒓Ϟ. 䕤务剐㉏݊ Ԑ, 儐剐ষ㜨乊䴶ࠡッ᳝ࠡਏ⠛. Ϣᴼ⇣剐༛ᓖ Ҫ㙝务剐㉏(՟བ⟾啓剐ǃぎẬ剐㉏ǃᴼ⇣剐 剐ϔ㟈, 儐剐ⱘ⡕偼䰘ⴔऎ᳝ϡ㾘߭ⱘ≳㛞. Powichthys)Ёൖԧᄨ䖰㛥乙ㄯ݇㡖Пৢ. ᠔ҹ, ൖ ൖԧᄨԡѢ㛥乙ㄯ݇㡖ࠡ໘ԡѢৠϔ∈ᑇ ԧᄨϢㄯ݇㡖ԡѢৠϔ∈ᑇ䴴ࠡᰃ儐剐ᬃ㋏ⱘ ᰃ儐剐ᬃ㋏ⱘ݅䖥㺨ᗻ⢊. 䕤务剐㉏݊Ҫ㙝务 ϔϾ݅䖥㺨ᗻ⢊. 剐㉏Ё, ൖԧᄨ䖰㛥乙ㄯ݇㡖Пৢ. cܟёᄯူਃၝಶcဟ໌Ϗ߽cࡁۤ B. Choo ࠩඉৢ, ვำࠡcީॕඁcࠍc༇Ӈڶ䐣㾜 ·ำᅨໟ ದԅ༉सٝᆴ, ީॕඁ໘ᅙზອ, ЌဎܻࠡܤѕӤܟದ, ༎ۤ༇Ӈܤނࡁc᳞ூੜۤᅋလ̝͚ᅙϰ .ثၽҮਬζವ ,ـ؞ำԅำำ؟ঊݛᄥ, ੌԃിۤ B. Choo ͚ᅙ༉
⤯㋝㸥㻸
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