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Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) Apex Predator from the Eifelian-Aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A large onychodontiform (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) apex predator from the Eifelian-aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada. Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2016-0119.R3 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 04-Dec-2016 Complete List of Authors: Mann, Arjan; Carleton University, Earth Sciences; University of Toronto Faculty of ArtsDraft and Science, Earth Sciences Rudkin, David; Royal Ontario Museum Evans, David C.; Royal Ontario Museum, Natural History; University of Toronto, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Laflamme, Marc; University of Toronto - Mississauga, Chemical and Physical Sciences Keyword: Sarcopterygii, Onychodontiformes, Body size, Middle Devonian, Eifelian https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 34 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A large onychodontiform (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) apex predator from the Eifelian- aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada. Arjan Mann 1,2*, David Rudkin 1,2 , David C. Evans 2,3 , and Marc Laflamme 1 1, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada, [email protected], [email protected] 2, Department of Palaeobiology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6 3, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected] ca). https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 34 Abstract The Devonian marine strata of southwestern Ontario, Canada have been well documented geologically, but their vertebrate fossils are poorly studied. Here we report a new onychodontiform (Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii) Onychodus eriensis n. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution And
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-17944-8 — Evolution and Development of Fishes Edited by Zerina Johanson , Charlie Underwood , Martha Richter Index More Information Index abaxial muscle,33 Alizarin red, 110 arandaspids, 5, 61–62 abdominal muscles, 212 Alizarin red S whole mount staining, 127 Arandaspis, 5, 61, 69, 147 ability to repair fractures, 129 Allenypterus, 253 arcocentra, 192 Acanthodes, 14, 79, 83, 89–90, 104, 105–107, allometric growth, 129 Arctic char, 130 123, 152, 152, 156, 213, 221, 226 alveolar bone, 134 arcualia, 4, 49, 115, 146, 191, 206 Acanthodians, 3, 7, 13–15, 18, 23, 29, 63–65, Alx, 36, 47 areolar calcification, 114 68–69, 75, 79, 82, 84, 87–89, 91, 99, 102, Amdeh Formation, 61 areolar cartilage, 192 104–106, 114, 123, 148–149, 152–153, ameloblasts, 134 areolar mineralisation, 113 156, 160, 189, 192, 195, 198–199, 207, Amia, 154, 185, 190, 193, 258 Areyongalepis,7,64–65 213, 217–218, 220 ammocoete, 30, 40, 51, 56–57, 176, 206, 208, Argentina, 60–61, 67 Acanthodiformes, 14, 68 218 armoured agnathans, 150 Acanthodii, 152 amphiaspids, 5, 27 Arthrodira, 12, 24, 26, 28, 74, 82–84, 86, 194, Acanthomorpha, 20 amphibians, 1, 20, 150, 172, 180–182, 245, 248, 209, 222 Acanthostega, 22, 155–156, 255–258, 260 255–256 arthrodires, 7, 11–13, 22, 28, 71–72, 74–75, Acanthothoraci, 24, 74, 83 amphioxus, 49, 54–55, 124, 145, 155, 157, 159, 80–84, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212–213, 215, Acanthothoracida, 11 206, 224, 243–244, 249–250 219–220 acanthothoracids, 7, 12, 74, 81–82, 211, 215, Amphioxus, 120 Ascl,36 219 Amphystylic, 148 Asiaceratodus,21 -
Identifying Heterogeneity in Rates of Morphological Evolution: Discrete Character Change in the Evolution of Lungfish (Sarcopterygii; Dipnoi)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01460.x IDENTIFYING HETEROGENEITY IN RATES OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: DISCRETE CHARACTER CHANGE IN THE EVOLUTION OF LUNGFISH (SARCOPTERYGII; DIPNOI) Graeme T. Lloyd,1,2 Steve C. Wang,3 and Stephen L. Brusatte4,5 1Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081 4Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025 Received February 9, 2010 Accepted August 15, 2011 Data Archived: Dryad: doi:10.5061/dryad.pg46f Quantifying rates of morphological evolution is important in many macroevolutionary studies, and critical when assessing possible adaptive radiations and episodes of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record. However, studies of morphological rates of change have lagged behind those on taxonomic diversification, and most authors have focused on continuous characters and quantifying patterns of morphological rates over time. Here, we provide a phylogenetic approach, using discrete characters and three statistical tests to determine points on a cladogram (branches or entire clades) that are characterized by significantly high or low rates of change. These methods include a randomization approach that identifies branches with significantly high rates and likelihood ratio tests that pinpoint either branches or clades that have significantly higher or lower rates than the pooled rate of the remainder of the tree. As a test case for these methods, we analyze a discrete character dataset of lungfish, which have long been regarded as “living fossils” due to an apparent slowdown in rates since the Devonian. -
Reference Localities for Palaeontology and Geology in the Silurian of Gotland
SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING SER C NR 705 AVHANDLINGAR OCH UPPSATSER ÅRSBOK 68 NR 12 SVEN LAUFELD REFERENCE LOCALITIES FOR PALAEONTOLOGY AND GEOLOGY IN THE SILURIAN OF GOTLAND STOCKHOLM 1974 SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA UNDERSOKNING SER C NR 705 AVHANDLINGAR OCH UPPSATSER ÅRSBOK 68 NR 12 SVEN LAUFELD REFERENCE LOCALITIES FOR PALAEONTOLOGY AND GEOLOGY IN THE SILURIAN OF GOTLAND STOCKHOLM 1974 ISBN 91-7158-059-X Kartorna är godkända från sekretessynpunkt för spridning Rikets allmänna kartverk 1974-03-29 IU S UNES D l Project ECOSTRATIGRAPHY Laufeld, S.: Reference loca!ities for palaeontology and geology in the Silurian of Gotland. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ser. C, No. 705, pp. 1-172. Stock holm, 24th May, 1974. About 530 geologkal localities in the Silurian of the island of Gotland, Sweden, are described under code names in alphabetical order. Each locality is provided with a UTM grid reference and a detailed description with references to the topographical and geologkal map sheets. Information on reference points and levels are included for some localities. The stratigraphic position of each locality is stated. A bibliography is attached to several localities. Sven Laufeld, Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology, Sölvegatan 13, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden, 4th March, 1974. 4 Contents Preface. By Anders Martinsson 5 Introduction 7 Directions for use lO Grid references 10 Churches 11 Detailed descriptions 11 Reference point and leve! 11 Stratigraphy 11 References 12 Indexes .. 12 Practical details 13 Descriptions of localities 14 References .. 145 Index by topographical maps 149 Index by geological maps 157 Index by stratigraphical order .. 165 5 Preface In 1968 a course was set for continued investigations of the Silurian of Gotland and Scania. -
Paleontological Research
Paleontological Research Vol. 6 No.3 September 2002 The Palaeontological Society 0 pan Co-Editors Kazushige Tanabe and Tomoki Kase Language Editor Martin Janal (New York, USA) Associate Editors Alan G. Beu (Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand), Satoshi Chiba (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan), Yoichi Ezaki (Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan), James C. Ingle, Jr. (Stanford University, Stanford, USA), Kunio Kaiho (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan), Susan M. Kidwell (University of Chicago, Chicago, USA), Hiroshi Kitazato (Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan), Naoki Kohno (National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan), Neil H. Landman (Amemican Museum of Natural History, New York, USA), Haruyoshi Maeda (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan), Atsushi Matsuoka (Niigata University, Niigata, Japan), Rihito Morita (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan), Harufumi Nishida (Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan), Kenshiro Ogasawara (University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan), Tatsuo Oji (University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan), Andrew B. Smith (Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain), Roger D. K. Thomas (Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, USA), Katsumi Ueno (Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan), Wang Hongzhen (China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China), Yang Seong Young (Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea) Officers for 2001-2002 Honorary President: Tatsuro Matsumoto President: Hiromichi Hirano Councillors: Shuko Adachi, Kazutaka Amano, Yoshio Ando, Masatoshi Goto, Hiromichi Hirano, Yasuo Kondo, Noriyuki -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
Spiracular Air Breathing in Polypterid Fishes and Its Implications for Aerial
ARTICLE Received 1 May 2013 | Accepted 27 Nov 2013 | Published 23 Jan 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4022 Spiracular air breathing in polypterid fishes and its implications for aerial respiration in stem tetrapods Jeffrey B. Graham1, Nicholas C. Wegner1,2, Lauren A. Miller1, Corey J. Jew1, N Chin Lai1,3, Rachel M. Berquist4, Lawrence R. Frank4 & John A. Long5,6 The polypterids (bichirs and ropefish) are extant basal actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes that breathe air and share similarities with extant lobe-finned sarcopterygians (lungfishes and tetrapods) in lung structure. They are also similar to some fossil sarcopterygians, including stem tetrapods, in having large paired openings (spiracles) on top of their head. The role of spiracles in polypterid respiration has been unclear, with early reports suggesting that polypterids could inhale air through the spiracles, while later reports have largely dismissed such observations. Here we resolve the 100-year-old mystery by presenting structural, behavioural, video, kinematic and pressure data that show spiracle-mediated aspiration accounts for up to 93% of all air breaths in four species of Polypterus. Similarity in the size and position of polypterid spiracles with those of some stem tetrapods suggests that spiracular air breathing may have been an important respiratory strategy during the fish-tetrapod transition from water to land. 1 Marine Biology Research Division, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. 2 Fisheries Resource Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 3 VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA. -
Geological Survey of Ohio
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OHIO. VOL. I.—PART II. PALÆONTOLOGY. SECTION II. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOSSIL FISHES. BY J. S. NEWBERRY. Digital version copyrighted ©2012 by Don Chesnut. THE CLASSIFICATION AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. So little is generally known in regard to American fossil fishes, that I have thought the notes which I now give upon some of them would be more interesting and intelligible if those into whose hands they will fall could have a more comprehensive view of this branch of palæontology than they afford. I shall therefore preface the descriptions which follow with a few words on the geological distribution of our Palæozoic fishes, and on the relations which they sustain to fossil forms found in other countries, and to living fishes. This seems the more necessary, as no summary of what is known of our fossil fishes has ever been given, and the literature of the subject is so scattered through scientific journals and the proceedings of learned societies, as to be practically inaccessible to most of those who will be readers of this report. I. THE ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. To the common observer, the class of Fishes seems to be well defined and quite distin ct from all the other groups o f vertebrate animals; but the comparative anatomist finds in certain unusual and aberrant forms peculiarities of structure which link the Fishes to the Invertebrates below and Amphibians above, in such a way as to render it difficult, if not impossible, to draw the lines sharply between these great groups. -
The Big Picture Book
BOOK PUBLISHERS Teachers Notes (Middle Years) by Dr John Long The Big Picture Book by Dr John Long, illustrated by Brian Choo ISBN 9781741143287 Recommended for ages 8-14 These notes may be reproduced free of charge for use and study within schools but they may not be reproduced (either in whole or in part) and offered for commercial sale. Introduction ............................................ 2 Science studies........................................ 2 Time........................................... 2 Astronomy .................................. 3 Geology ...................................... 3 Biology ....................................... 4 Science and the future .................. 6 Cultural studies ....................................... 6 Language................................................ 7 Meanings of some of the names featured in the book ........... 7 About the writer and illustrator .................. 7 Appendix: A ‘Bestiary’ of living things featured in the illustrations........................ 10 83 Alexander Street PO Box 8500 Crows Nest, Sydney St Leonards NSW 2065 NSW 1590 ph: (61 2) 8425 0100 [email protected] Allen & Unwin PTY LTD Australia Australia fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 www.allenandunwin.com ABN 79 003 994 278 INTRODUCTION This book was written to introduce to upper primary and lower secondary level children an outline of the three main themes that contribute towards our understanding of evolution: time, physical processes, and biological change. The book can be used to augment studies in general science (astronomy, geology, biology), but also to contribute to an understanding of the birth of human culture and to promote discussion of environmental issues confronting the world today. The writing is a simple, almost lyrical style to facilitate an easy level of reading, with pronunciation guide and glossary at the back of the book to help children say and understand the meaning of most of the technical words used in the text. -
The Geology of Susquehanna County and Wayne County
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com Hi lH -:. I \:^<m. mm mm m ■H ^IVBKS^OFMICHJ^ GLE- SECOND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PENNSYLVANIA: REPORT OF PROGRESS G5. H^ l0Jz THE GEOLOGY Susquehanna county WAYNE COUNTY. By I. C. WHITE. WITH A GEOLOGICALLY COLORED MAP, AND 58 SECTIONS. HARRISBURG: PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS TOn THE SECOND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1881. Entered, for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the year 1880, according to acts of Congress, By WILLIAM A. INGHAM, Secretary of the Board of Commissioners of Geological Survey, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Electrotyped and printed by LANE S. HART, State Printer, Harrisburg, Pa. BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. His Excellency, HENRY M. HOYT, Governor, and ex-officio President of the Board, Harrisburg. Ario Pardee, ---------- Hazleton. William A. Ingham, ------- Philadelphia. Henry S. Eckert, -------- Reading. Henry McCormick, - - - Harrisburg. James Macfarlane, -------- Towanda. Charles A. Miner, - - ----- - Luzerne co. Joseph Willcox, -------- Philadelphia. Hon. Daniel J. Morrell, ------ Johnstown. Louis W. Hall, - - - - ----- Harrisburg. Samuel Q. Brown, - - - ----- Pleasantville. SECRETARY OF THE BOARD. William A. Ingham, ------- Philadelphia. STATE GEOLOGIST. Peter Lesley, ---------- Philadelphia. ASSISTANTS IN 1881. John F. Carll, geologist for the Oil regions ; address Pleasantville, Venango county, Pa. J. Sutton Wall, to report on the coal and collieries of the Monongahela re gion ; address Monongahela city, Pa. J. J. Stevenson, geologist for Bedford and Fulton counties ; address Union- town, Fayette county, Pa. W. G. Platt, geologist for Centre and Clearfield counties ; address 907 Wal nut street, Philadelphia. -
A Lungfish Survivor of the End-Devonian Extinction and an Early Carboniferous Dipnoan
1 A Lungfish survivor of the end-Devonian extinction and an Early Carboniferous dipnoan 2 radiation. 3 4 Tom J. Challands1*, Timothy R. Smithson,2 Jennifer A. Clack2, Carys E. Bennett3, John E. A. 5 Marshall4, Sarah M. Wallace-Johnson5, Henrietta Hill2 6 7 1School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, 8 EH9 3FE, UK. email: [email protected]; tel: +44 (0) 131 650 4849 9 10 2University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. 11 12 3Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. 13 14 4School of Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, 15 European Way, University Road, Southampton, SO14 3ZH , UK. 16 17 5Sedgwick Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., 18 Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK 1 19 Abstract 20 21 Until recently the immediate aftermath of the Hangenberg event of the Famennian Stage (Upper 22 Devonian) was considered to have decimated sarcopterygian groups, including lungfish, with only 23 two taxa, Occludus romeri and Sagenodus spp., being unequivocally recorded from rocks of 24 Tournaisian age (Mississippian, Early Carboniferous). Recent discoveries of numerous 25 morphologically diverse lungfish tooth plates from southern Scotland and northern England indicate 26 that at least ten dipnoan taxa existed during the earliest Carboniferous. Of these taxa, only two, 27 Xylognathus and Ballgadus, preserve cranial and post-cranial skeletal elements that are yet to be 28 described. Here we present a description of the skull of a new genus and species of lungfish, 29 Limanichthys fraseri gen. -
I Ecomorphological Change in Lobe-Finned Fishes (Sarcopterygii
Ecomorphological change in lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii): disparity and rates by Bryan H. Juarez A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in the University of Michigan 2015 Master’s Thesis Committee: Assistant Professor Lauren C. Sallan, University of Pennsylvania, Co-Chair Assistant Professor Daniel L. Rabosky, Co-Chair Associate Research Scientist Miriam L. Zelditch i © Bryan H. Juarez 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Rabosky Lab, David W. Bapst, Graeme T. Lloyd and Zerina Johanson for helpful discussions on methodology, Lauren C. Sallan, Miriam L. Zelditch and Daniel L. Rabosky for their dedicated guidance on this study and the London Natural History Museum for courteously providing me with access to specimens. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF APPENDICES v ABSTRACT vi SECTION I. Introduction 1 II. Methods 4 III. Results 9 IV. Discussion 16 V. Conclusion 20 VI. Future Directions 21 APPENDICES 23 REFERENCES 62 iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES TABLE/FIGURE II. Cranial PC-reduced data 6 II. Post-cranial PC-reduced data 6 III. PC1 and PC2 Cranial and Post-cranial Morphospaces 11-12 III. Cranial Disparity Through Time 13 III. Post-cranial Disparity Through Time 14 III. Cranial/Post-cranial Disparity Through Time 15 v LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A. Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Lobe-fins 24 B. Species Used In Analysis 34 C. Cranial and Post-Cranial Landmarks 37 D. PC3 and PC4 Cranial and Post-cranial Morphospaces 38 E. PC1 PC2 Cranial Morphospaces 39 1-2.