DOCSLIB.ORG

Bird Feeding: Tips for Beginners and Veterans (G3176) R-1/2008

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bird Feeding: Tips for Beginners and Veterans (G3176) R-1/2008 G3176 Brd Feedng— Tps for begnners & veterans Contents Enjoyng brds close to home 1 Feeders 2 Feeder placement 4 Food 5 Some tps on buyng brdseed 7 Water and grt 7 Copng wth squrrels 8 Santaton 9 Pest brds 9 Some general tps 10 For more nformaton 11 Enjoyng brds close to home ird feeding is one of the most There are certainly right and wrong This publication is a basic guide for popular ways to enjoy wildlife. ways to attract and feed birds. Feeding the beginner embarking on the hobby In 2006, researchers estimated can be harmful if it is not continued of feeding birds, but it should also that 55 million adult Americans through the winter. The severity of help veterans improve their feeding Bfed wild birds and other wildlife. the weather and availability of natural stations. It contains tips that will help We suspect the activity is at least as foods and other feeding stations in you maximize your feathered guests’ popular today. Americans spent an the neighborhood determine the benefit and safety, deal with pests estimated 3.3 billion dollars on wild actual potential for harm. Feeders and select equipment and food. If you bird food in 2006. The annual figure contaminated with bird droppings heed the cautions, both you and the has continued on a steady upward and moldy seed can facilitate disease birds should enjoy the experience. trend. transmission. Before setting up a Bird feeding is the only interaction feeding station, be sure you are willing many people have with wildlife. to make a commitment to maintain a Compared to many other forms of dependable food supply throughout recreation, it can be an inexpensive the winter and to keep the health and activity. Birds are diverse, colorful safety of the birds in mind. and entertaining; they add life to a sometimes monotonous winter Black-capped chickadee landscape. Watching birds at a feeder is excellent therapy for people confined indoors by illness, accident or winter weather. Feeders bring birds in close where they can be observed, identified, photographed or simply enjoyed. Most amateur and professional ornithologists feel that feeding is Dark-eyed junco mutually beneficial to birds and people, but it may not always be entirely in the birds’ best interests. Tufted titmouse Feeding reduces natural competition among birds and can subject them to diseases and predation. Certain species—the cardinal is a good example—have extended their ranges farther and farther north, probably in response to the availability of feeders. Depending on one’s outlook, such range extension can be viewed as Redpoll good or bad. White-breasted nuthatch 1 Feeders here are nearly as many sizes More sophisticated versions of this and styles of feeders as there type of feeder may be made of are species of birds to attract to metal or plastic and may include them. A feeding station may be modifications to keep squirrels off, Tone simple feeder or a dozen or more increase seed holding and dispensing different ones scattered around a yard. capacity, or feed only certain species. The type and number of feeders you We will discuss anti-squirrel tactics Shelf feeder set out will affect the diversity and later. Feeders can be made selective abundance of birds you will attract for certain species through the use of to your yard. Let your interest and a counter-balanced treadle device as financial resources determine your a feeding perch. The device can be set level of involvement. to close off access to the seed when a The shelf or platform feeder consists heavy bird such as a pigeon, crow or of a simple platform that should grackle lands to feed, while allowing be elevated from the ground by smaller, more “desirable” species to mounting it on a post or window sill. feed without interference. It suits many different species and Whether you want to select for types of food, can be built easily and certain species is, of course, a matter Wooden feeder inexpensively at home, and is easy to of personal preference. A bird one fill. On the negative side, it is exposed person considers a pest may be to snow and rain (unless you put a another’s favorite. There are other roof on it), provides easy access for methods to favor certain species; squirrels and facilitates accumulation specialized feeders and special food of bird droppings. Be sure there are items may be just as effective. drainage holes in the bottom of a tray Woodpeckers and nuthatches can feeder. In addition, birds can scratch be attracted to suet feeders or log large quantities of seeds onto the feeders. A suet feeder can be as ground. This may mean a loss of seed simple as a mesh bag—such as an but it will also help some ground onion bag—filled with suet and hung feeding birds and small mammals. from a limb. Or it can be a basket The traditional wooden feeder is constructed from scrap wood and really a shelf with a roof and several 1/4-inch mesh hardware cloth. Melted, modifications for dispensing a variety suet can be mixed with a dry food of food items. Typically, it has a glass and packed into virtually any kind of or plastic hopper that holds and mold or container. Feeders designed dispenses seeds to the feeding area to hold commercial suet cakes are also by gravity. Some models have rack-like available. structures on the ends to hold suet The log feeder, a common rustic cakes and/or wooden pegs on which design, consists of a 1- or 2-foot to impale bakery products or scraps section of a log or limb, usually 2–3 to prevent them from being carried inches in diameter. Suet or peanut Feeder with counter- away whole. This type of feeder is butter mix can be packed into holes balanced treadle usually mounted on a post or railing bored into the log. Usually a small peg and is suitable for most birds. If you is added just below each hole to serve are considering only one feeder, this is as a perch. probably the best style to select. 2 A thistle (niger) sock is a fine-mesh impaled is also very attractive. Such tubular bag designed to dispense features can be added to existing thistle seed. Small birds, especially feeders or commercial oriole feeders Mscellaneous goldfinches, cling to the sock and are available. remove the small seeds. It is an All of these basic feeder designs feedng statons inexpensive feeder that quickly pays can be modified to meet your If you live in a rural area, you can for itself by conserving the expensive needs. “Designer” feeders shaped construct large feeders to attract thistle seeds. like football helmets, train cars, or pheasants, quail, turkeys and other Tube feeders are very popular and miniature Victorian mansions are species. A tepee or lean-to made of easy to use. They consist of a tube more popular with feeder purchasers tree limbs or lumber provides shelter of clear plastic or glass with feeding than with the birds. In fact, very and a place to spread grain. Because perches and access holes spaced effective, inexpensive feeders can be of legal bans on feeding deer where evenly through the tube. It is a created from recycled materials like disease control is an issue, you must modern version of the log feeder that 2-liter soda bottles and milk jugs. be sure your bird feeders are not also dispenses seeds rather than suet. It is serving as “deer feeders.” efficient and durable and comes in a variety of sizes. Hummingbird feeders are popular in the summertime when hummingbirds are present. The most common version is a plastic bottle fitted with one or more tubular funnels to hold Droll Yankee® and dispense sugar water. On many tube feeder models, the dispensing tubes are decorated with colorful (usually red) plastic flowers, which presumably help hummingbirds find the feeder. “Instant nectar” powders are available for feeding hummingbirds, but a simple mix of one part sugar to four parts water, boiled, then cooled, is easy to make and inexpensive. Do not use honey as it tends to get moldy. Also, red coloring in the sugar water is not necessary. When the sugar water gets cloudy or goes unused for a week or so, replace it with fresh solution. Thistle sock Ant traps can be used with Log suet feeder hummingbird feeders to keep ants out of the sugar water solution. Sticky compounds are not recommended to keep bees and ants out because of the risk of fouling the birds’ feathers. Tepee shelter Orioles respond to a simple feeder with a small dish or container to hold grape jelly— a favorite food. A peg or nail on which half an orange is 3 Feeder placement ou should consider several things Millions of birds are killed by window when deciding where to place collisions annually. Recent research feeders. First, you will want them has found that placing feeders closer to be visible from a favorite to windows results in fewer window Ykitchen or living room window—after strikes and dead birds. When feeders all, seeing and enjoying birds is one are placed close to windows, startled of the main reasons for feeding them. birds are less likely to impact the glass Second, feeders should be sheltered with enough force to cause injury. from prevailing winds and snow Researchers recommend placing drifts that make filling difficult or feeders within three feet of windows. unpleasant. Third, feeders mounted on poles or suspended from limbs or wires should be 5 to 6 feet from the ground.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Winter Bird Feeding
    BirdNotes 1 Winter Bird Feeding birds at feeders in winter If you feed birds, you’re in good company. Birding is one of North America’s favorite pastimes. A 2006 report from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that about 55.5 mil- lion Americans provide food for wild birds. Chickadees Titmice Cardinals Sparrows Wood- Orioles Pigeons Nuthatches Finches Grosbeaks Blackbirds Jays peckers Tanagers Doves Sunflower ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Safflower ◆ ◆ ◆ Corn ◆ ◆ ◆ Millet ◆ ◆ ◆ Milo ◆ ◆ Nyjer ◆ Suet ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ Preferred ◆ Readily Eaten Wintertime—and the Living’s counting birds at their feeders during selecting the best foods daunting. To Not Easy this winterlong survey. Great Back- attract a diversity of birds, provide a yard Bird Count participants provide variety of food types. But that doesn’t n much of North America, winter valuable data with a much shorter mean you need to purchase one of ev- Iis a difficult time for birds. Days time commitment—as little as fifteen erything on the shelf. are often windy and cold; nights are minutes in mid-February! long and even colder. Lush vegeta- Which Seed Types tion has withered or been consumed, Types of Bird Food Should I Provide? and most insects have died or become uring spring and summer, most dormant. Finding food can be espe- lack-oil sunflower seeds attract songbirds eat insects and spi- cially challenging for birds after a D Bthe greatest number of species. ders, which are highly nutritious, heavy snowfall. These seeds have a high meat-to- abundant, and for the most part, eas- shell ratio, they are nutritious and Setting up a backyard feeder makes ily captured.
    [Show full text]
  • Feed Wild Birds, EC 1554
    The Wildlife Garden EC 1554 Reprinted May 2003 $1.50 Feed Wild Birds E. Henning and N. Allen Feeding wild birds has become one of America’s favorite hobbies. It’s easy to attract birds to your yard, and there are many different ways to do so. The most common way is to put out bird feeders for them. Many wild birds such as chickadees, nuthatches, juncos, finches, and jays are regular visitors to feeders in urban areas. Types of food You can buy many types of wild bird foods. They usually consist of whole and shelled seeds that are packaged as a single type or in a variety of mixtures. Different seeds attract different species of birds (see Table 1, page 2). If you’re just getting started with a bird-feeding project, you might want to experiment to see which birds are in your area. Start by putting out a seed mix in an open place and see which kinds of birds you attract. Observe which seeds are wasted or pushed aside. Once birds have started coming to your yard, it is easier to lure them to separate feeding stations. Eric Henning, student, Avoid seed mixes that contain Department of Fisheries only a small amount of sunflower and Wildlife; and Figure 1. Tube feeder with perch. Nancy Allen, Extension seeds. These mixes can be wasteful Illustration courtesy of Wild Birds wildlife instructor; and messy. Commercial wild Unlimited, Inc. Oregon State University 1 Table 1. Common backyard birds and foods they like. Bird Sunflower seeds White millet Nyjer Peanuts Suet Chickadee X* X X House finch/Purple finch X* X X Sparrows X X* X X X Jays X X X American goldfinch X X X* Dark-eyed junco X X* X X X Spotted towhee X* X X Bushtit X Downy/Hairy woodpecker X X Nuthatches X* X X Mourning dove X X* X Quail X* Crow/Raven X Varied thrush X X * Indicates favorite seed choice birdseed mixes usually contain a lot of milo or White proso millet millet, which most wild birds don’t eat.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Bird Feeding Adopting a Bird Feeding Program on Your Property Provides an Opportunity to Enhance Habitat for Wildlife and to View Birds First Hand
    A Guide to Bird Feeding Adopting a bird feeding program on your property provides an opportunity to enhance habitat for wildlife and to view birds first hand. The actual process of attracting birds can be quite simple and very satisfying. Anyone with even a small piece of land, whether in a rural, suburban, or urban setting, can attract and feed birds with success. How do birds spend the winter? During colder winter months when natural food sources such as insects, berries, nuts, and seeds become scarce, birds readily seek reliable food sources to supplement their wild diet. Birds spend their time in one particular area and travel throughout this territory searching for food all day. Providing bird feeders can greatly enhance the wildlife habitat value of your property. Your goal is to have your property on their list of daily stops. What do birds eat? Just like people, birds have food preferences. For example, hummingbirds sip nectar, wrens eat insects, owls prefer rodents, and finches like seeds. Birds that prefer to eat insects, nectar, and fruit generally migrate to the southern United States and Central and South America during the winter. In these warmer climates, they find the food they need to survive. Most of the birds you will attract to your feeder eat seeds as a major part of their diet. Seeds provide protein and fat that give birds energy and help them stay warm. The beaks of seed-eating birds are especially de- signed for crushing hard shells. You will notice that many birds at your feeder, such as finches, cardinals, and grosbeaks, have fat, large beaks.
    [Show full text]
  • Sbnature from Home IMAGINATION ADAPTATION a SCIENCE and ART ACTIVITY Best for Ages 7–12, This Activity Can Be Done with 1–4 People
    SBnature From Home IMAGINATION ADAPTATION A SCIENCE AND ART ACTIVITY Best for ages 7–12, this activity can be done with 1–4 people. Background: All animals have certain physical and behavioral characteristics that make them suited to their habitat (the environment where an animal lives, where they can find food and shelter). We call such characteristics adaptations. Let’s think about how certain animals’ physical traits help them in their habitats. Why does a giraffe have a long neck? The giraffe’s neck is an adaptation that has allowed giraffes to be able to eat food from tall trees that other animals in their habitat cannot reach. Why does a tiger have orange fur with black stripes? A tiger’s appearance is an adaptation that helps the animal blend into its environment, which makes it easy for them to sneak up on their prey. In this activity, we focus specifically on bird adaptations. Not every type of habitat can sustain every type of bird. Let’s learn about the types of birds that can live in the different environments of Santa Barbara: the desert, islands, and mountains. Then let’s imagine some new birds adapted to our local habitats! Get ready: Let’s research more about the different characteristics that make birds more successful in specific environments. • Watch this video from Cornell University that reviews the physical characteristics of a bird that play a part in what kind of food it eats, and where the bird is physically suited to survive: Bird Feeding Adaptations (13 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZ8NMBDCJw Pay special attention to the following physical traits of a bird: • Beak – size and shape determine what that bird eats.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Feeders
    ome ldlife H ng Wi Bringi Bird Feeders Bird feeders offer a fun and entertaining way to observe birds up close and connect with nature. They also supplement the natural food sources available for birds in your yard or garden. Different species of birds prefer varying types of feeder foods. Nourishment for wildlife should come primarily from natural food sources such as native plants. Feeders should only be supplied to complement birds’ natural diets. Bird Feeding Tips Bird feeders come in many shapes and sizes, and are • Provide multiple feeding stations in different areas of your yard to often designed for specific bird species. This one is designed disperse bird activity. Feed in moderation, with only a few feeders per for hummingbirds. acre. • Clean your feeders regularly with hot water, and let them air dry Bird feeders are completely. Also keep areas under and around the feeders clean. great for providing • Keep seed clean and dry, and watch for mold. food during times of • Use a seed blend designed for your feeder and the types of birds you scarcity, but food for feed. Blends that contain filler seeds and grains (milo, sorghum, and red wildlife should come or golden millet) are not typically eaten by birds, and will often end up primarily from natural on the ground. sources such as • If you find a dead bird near the feeder that has not been killed by a native plants. predator, disinfect the feeders with a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water. Inspiring Americans to protect wildlife for our children’s future.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Hazards to Wild Birds and Risk Factors Associated with Anthropogenic Rstb.Royalsocietypublishing.Org Food Provisioning
    Health hazards to wild birds and risk factors associated with anthropogenic rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org food provisioning Becki Lawson1, Robert A. Robinson2, Mike P. Toms2, Kate Risely2, 3 1 Review Susan MacDonald and Andrew A. Cunningham 1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Cite this article: Lawson B, Robinson RA, 2British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK 3 Toms MP, Risely K, MacDonald S, Cunningham Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK AA. 2018 Health hazards to wild birds and risk BL, 0000-0003-1706-7140; MPT, 0000-0002-0823-5336; AAC, 0000-0002-3543-6504 factors associated with anthropogenic food provisioning. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373: Provision of supplementary food for wild birds at garden feeding stations is a common, large-scale and year-round practice in multiple countries includ- 20170091. ing Great Britain (GB). While these additional dietary resources can benefit http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0091 wildlife, there is a concomitant risk of disease transmission, particularly when birds repeatedly congregate in the same place at high densities and Accepted: 8 November 2017 through interactions of species that would not normally associate in close proximity. Citizen science schemes recording garden birds are popular and can integrate disease surveillance with population monitoring, offering One contribution of 14 to a theme issue a unique opportunity to explore inter-relationships between supplementary ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host– feeding, disease epidemiology and population dynamics. Here, we present parasite dynamics in wildlife’.
    [Show full text]
  • Starlings and Mynas
    Beneficial Starlings The Eurasian Rose-colored and African Wattled Starlings are believed Starlings to be beneficial due to their insect con­ trol near agricultural crops. Both species establish breeding colonies in and Mynas areas where swarms of locusts and by Susan Congdon, grasshoppers appear. It is believed that Disney's Animal Kingdom, FL they eat enough of these insects to protect food crops. banded and released have been sub­ Pest Starlings? he names starling and myna sequently recovered when found for There are some species of star­ are often used interchange­ sale in Indonesian bird markets. The ling/myna that are considered to be T ably similar to pigeoN. and conversion of forest to agricultural pests. The European Starling and dove. Myna is the Hindi word for star­ land, and deforestation for firewood Common Myna are two examples of ling and is often used for species native and human settlements have greatly this. European Starlings were intro­ to southern and southeastern Asia and decreased their natural habitat. duced to North America and are the southeastern Pacific. Many of the In response to the decreasing wild extremely gregarious. As well as dam­ Asian birds are known as both starlings population, the American Zoo and aging important crops they compete and mynas. Aquarium Association, Jersey Wildlife with native birds for hollows in which Preservation Trust, and the Indonesian to nest. Near Extinction ofthe Bali Myna government have set up a Species Common Mynas, introduced to There are 114 species in the Survival Program (SSP). The main goals many places including Hawaii and sturnidae family.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Publications Plant Health Inspection Service 2017 Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds George M. Linz USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center, [email protected] Page E. Klug USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center, [email protected] Richard A. Dolbeer Wildlife Services Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc Part of the Life Sciences Commons Linz, George M.; Klug, Page E.; and Dolbeer, Richard A., "Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds" (2017). USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 1983. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/1983 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CHAPTER 2 Ecology and Management of Red-Winged Blackbirds George M. Linz and Page E. Klug National Wildlife Research Center Bismarck. North Dakota Richard A. Dolbeer Wildlife Services Sandusky. Ohio CONTENTS 2.1 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Breeding Biology
    [Show full text]
  • Backyard Birds Brochure
    Beyond the Backyard Backyard Birds ♦ The Nevada Birding Map, pro‐ duced by NDOW, Lahontan Tips on Attracting and Audubon Society, the US Fish Feeding our and Wildlife Society, and the US The Nevada Department of Wildlife offers Feathered Friends Forest Service details statewide a Birds of Nevada Checklist brochure that birding destinations and are will increase your awareness of the variety available at NDOW offices. of Nevada’s birds that can be found in your B region. ♦ Pickup your Birds of Nevada ACKYARD Pickup your brochure at your local NDOW Checklist at your local NDOW of‐ office listed below or visit www.ndow.org/ fice or visit www.ndow.org/wild/ wild/bird/. bird/ to download the checklist. ♦ You can participate in counting and documenting the variety of birds you observe by visiting CONTACT US www.birdcount.org. B ♦ Other birding links: Lahontan Audubon Society: IRDS www.nevadaaudubon.org Red Rock Audubon Society: www.redrockaudubon.org The Nevada Department of Wildlife Great Basin Bird Observatory: Reno: (775) 688-1500 www.gbbo.org Las Vegas: (702) 486-5127 Partners in Flight: Elko: (775) 777-2300 www.partnersinflight.org Fallon: (775) 423-3171 Winnemucca: (775) 623-6565 HawkWatch International: Ely: (775) 289-1655 www.hawkwatch.org Henderson: (702) 486-6742 www.ndow.org Nevada Department of Wildlife www.ndow.org Bird Feeder Attracting Hummingbirds Bird Feeding Tips Feeding birds in your own yard can be Attracting hummingbirds to your yard an extremely rewarding pastime. It can be done by selecting a natural ap‐ has the flexibility of being a small‐scale proach, an artificial one, or a combina‐ project or a major endeavor.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Green Space Management for Invertebrates and House Sparrows
    Urban green space management for invertebrates and house sparrows Jacqueline Elizabeth Sarah Weir Imperial College London, Department of Ecology and Evolution A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2015 1 Declaration of Originality I declare that this thesis is my own work, other than where appropriately referenced. The thesis contains results from two Masters projects which were co-supervised by me, and sections summarising these projects are acknowledged accordingly. Copyright Declaration The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives licence. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or redistribution, researchers must make clear to others the licence terms of this work 2 Abstract Urban house sparrow nestlings can develop poorly through lack of invertebrate food (Peach et al., 2008). Productivity can be increased by providing invertebrates (Peach, Sheehan & Kirby, 2014; Peach et al. in press). This study tested the effectiveness of three habitat treatments in increasing invertebrates and seeds in London parks, and their usage by house sparrows. Treatments were: annually sown ‘wildlife seed’ plots; sown perennial wildflower meadows; and existing grass grown taller. Treatment establishment and seed abundance were assessed by vegetation measurements, and practicality qualitatively assessed through questionnaires. Invertebrate abundance and variety were measured using sweep netting and vacuum sampling, and relationships tested with treatment type and modelled air pollution levels.
    [Show full text]
  • For the Birds Among the Fondest and Most Memorable Moments of Childhood Are the Discoveries of Songbirds Nesting in the Backyard
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service For the Birds Among the fondest and most memorable moments of childhood are the discoveries of songbirds nesting in the backyard. The distinctive, mud-lined nests of robins and their beautiful blue eggs captivate people of all ages. Likewise, the nesting activities of house wrens, cardinals, chickadees and other common birds can stimulate a lifelong interest in nature. Introduction As you learn to enjoy the beauty of birdlife around their home, you may wish to improve the “habitat” in your yard so that more birds will visit your property. You can attract birds by placing bird feeders, nest boxes, and bird baths in your yard, and by planting a variety of trees, shrubs, and flowers. These can provide good nesting sites, winter shelter, places to hide from predators and natural food supplies that are available year-round. Backyard bird feeding is a convenient way to enjoy wildlife. More than 65 million Americans of all ages watch, feed and landscape for birds. It doesn’t matter where you live—in an apartment, townhouse or single family dwelling, in the city, suburbs or country. Just stand still and you’ll hear them: wild birds. It is hard to imagine life without them. Bird watching is one of the fastest growing forms of outdoor recreation in the country. Each year millions of people discover for the first time the joys of birdwatching. It’s easy to understand why. Birds are fun to watch. And you can watch them just about everywhere. The most convenient place to start is right in your own backyard.
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Bird Feeding
    University of Birmingham Garden bird feeding: Insights and prospects from a north-south comparison of this global urban phenomenon Reynolds, Silas; Galbraith, Josie; Smith, Jennifer; Jones, Darryl DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00024 License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Reynolds, S, Galbraith, J, Smith, J & Jones, D 2017, 'Garden bird feeding: Insights and prospects from a north- south comparison of this global urban phenomenon', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 5, 24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2017.00024 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version.
    [Show full text]