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Thèse Morgane Wartel Faculté des Sciences - Aix-Marseille Université Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne 163 Avenue de Luminy - Case 901 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier 13288 Marseille 13009 Marseille Thèse En vue d’obtenir le grade de Docteur d’Aix-Marseille Université Biologie, spécialité Microbiologie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Morgane Wartel Le Mercredi 18 Décembre 2013 A novel class of bacterial motors involved in the directional transport of a sugar at the bacterial surface: The machineries of motility and sporulation in Myxococcus xanthus. Une nouvelle classe de moteurs bactériens impliqués dans le transport de macromolécules à la surface bactérienne: Les machineries de motilité et de sporulation de Myxococcus xanthus. Membres du Jury : Dr. Christophe Grangeasse Rapporteur Dr. Patrick Viollier Rapporteur Pr. Pascale Cossart Examinateur Dr. Francis-André Wollman Examinateur Dr. Tâm Mignot Directeur de Thèse Pr. Frédéric Barras Président du Jury Faculté des Sciences - Aix-Marseille Université Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne 163 Avenue de Luminy - Case 901 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier 13288 Marseille 13009 Marseille Thèse En vue d’obtenir le grade de Docteur d’Aix-Marseille Université Biologie, spécialité Microbiologie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Morgane Wartel Le Mercredi 18 Décembre 2013 A novel class of bacterial motors involved in the directional transport of a sugar at the bacterial surface: The machineries of motility and sporulation in Myxococcus xanthus. Une nouvelle classe de moteurs bactériens impliqués dans le transport de macromolécules à la surface bactérienne: Les machineries de motilité et de sporulation de Myxococcus xanthus. Membres du Jury : Dr. Christophe Grangeasse Rapporteur Dr. Patrick Viollier Rapporteur Pr. Pascale Cossart Examinateur Dr. Francis-André Wollman Examinateur Dr. Tâm Mignot Directeur de Thèse Pr. Frédéric Barras Président du Jury Après quasiment cinq années passées au LCB, j’ai évidemment plein de personnes à remercier, pour leur participation, de près ou de loin, à cette thèse. Tout d’abord, je tiens à remercier Frédéric Barras, directeur du LCB et Président de mon jury de thèse, de m’avoir accueilli au sein de son laboratoire. Je tiens également à remercier les membres de mon jury pour l’intérêt qu’ils ont porté à mon manuscrit et pour leurs commentaires constructifs : le Dr. Christophe Grangeasse et le Dr. Patrick Viollier, mes rapporteurs ; le Pr. Pascale Cossart et le Dr. Francis-André Wollman, mes examinateurs. Cette thèse aurait sans doute été différente, voire plus difficile sans les membres « géniaux » (et je pèse mes mots) de l’équipe Mignot. Je pense vraiment avoir eu énormément de chance de faire partie d’une équipe comme celle-là. Même s’il y a eu des moments difficiles, je ne garde que des bons souvenirs, et surtout beaucoup de fous rires (que Patrice Moreau, Mireille Ansaldi et l’équipe Dolla ont dû subir…). Je vais commencer par mes Liliane et Catherine : Le Gall et Luciano. A nous trois, on formait les trois « grasses » (que ce soit pour la nourriture ou pour nos blagues de bon goût), et on dominait le monde (enfin Marseille) du haut de nos « marches Mignot ». Merci pour tout les filles, merci pour votre écoute, votre attention, votre gentillesse, vos paquets de mouchoirs dans les moments difficiles. Mais merci aussi pour tout les bons moments partagés (aux paillasses ou au bureau, autour de bières ou de mojitos, avec Céline Dion ou Francky Vincent). Ensuite, il y a mes Sophie et Sophie : Guzzo et Laura, mes dernières voisines de bureau. Chouchou-Guzzo, évidemment, merci de m’avoir fait découvrir HG et Geny G (que j’imite parfaitement bien maintenant), merci aussi pour tes remontages de moral et tes tentatives de redonnage de confiance en soi (avec moi, il y avait beaucoup de boulot). Où que je sois en post-doc, j’espère que tu viendras me voir et qu’on se fera une bonne quiche (comme on sait si bien les faire). Ma petite Laura, ma voisine de dos, j’ai vraiment été contente de partager ce bureau de la joie avec toi. J’espère que tu as apprécié mes vibes et qu’elles ne vont pas trop te manquer. Comme pour Guzzo, si tu viens me voir en post-doc, promis, je te ferais des vibes à la Céline ! Merci aussi pour ton soutien pendant la rédaction. Dernière personne avec qui j’ai partagé ce bureau, et pas des moindres, Jean-Phillipe Castaing, ou Jean-Phi, ou JP pour les intimes. Ton arrivée et ta présence masculine dans cette équipe purement féminine a été une bonne chose pour nous toutes. J’ai vraiment été contente de partager le bureau avec toi (mais aussi et surtout les Twix). Merci pour tes blagues, tes gâteaux, ta bonne humeur, mais merci aussi 3 pour les discussions plus sérieuses sur l’avenir. Un grand merci aussi à ma napolitaine préférée, Emi ! Merci d’avoir été à mes côté pendant une bonne partie de ma thèse, merci d’avoir été là dans les moments difficiles (que ce soit pour la thèse ou plus personnel) et merci pour tous tes conseils pour la suite. Même si on n’a pas toujours été d’accord sur tout, tu comptes vraiment beaucoup pour moi, et j’espère qu’on se reverra (à Marseille, à Naples, ou ailleurs). Baci, mia amica. Je remercie également les autres filles de l’équipe : Rym, pour son aide en matière de phylogénomie, son oreille attentive, et sa gentillesse (et aussi pour les bonnes pâtisseries qu’elle nous ramenait de Tunisie, dans la petite boite violette avec un « M ») ; Aurélie (ou Nathalie P.), ma jumelle de confiance en soi, merci pour ton aide et ton expertise sur le système Tol-Pal, et pour tes sourires; et Audrey, merci pour ta légendaire bonne humeur et pour tes clafoutis (à lire ces remerciements, je me rends compte que j’ai beaucoup mangé pendant ma thèse). Je remercie aussi tous mes collaborateurs de Princeton pour avoir participé aux travaux de cette thèse : Joshua, Mingzhai, Fabian et Shashi. Je remercie aussi Spider-Leon (pour tes blagues de bon goût et ton expertise en microscopie), Romé (d’avoir été mon parrain de thèse, pour nos discussions scientifiques et pour ton écoute), Anouchka (heureusement que tu étais là cet été, merci beaucoup pour ton soutien et pour ta gentillesse), Eric (pour ta gentillesse et ton aide tout au long de mon parcours), toutes les personnes du sous-sol: Thierry, Anne, Elodie, Jordan, Frédérique, François, Maïa, Audrey et Annick (l'autre Corse du LCB), Laurent, Béatrice, Vanessa (pour ta bonne humeur, tes cartes postales, tes porte-clefs, et tes adaptateurs américains), Delphine, Isabelle, Martine, Aurélia, Jean- Pierre et Claude (pour m’avoir prêté à plusieurs reprises de la « colle-contact », m’évitant ainsi de marcher pieds nus dans tout l’Institut), Philippe et tous les autres (que j’oublie involontairement). Pour clore en beauté le volet laboratoire, je tenais évidemment à remercier mon génie de chef : Tâm ! Merci de m’avoir accueilli dans ton équipe en master et merci de t’être « battu » avec moi pour que je puisse faire une thèse chez toi. Je suis bien consciente que j’ai eu énormément de chance de faire une thèse à tes côtés. Merci de m’avoir transmis (une partie de) ton savoir, ta passion, et (une partie de) ton optimisme. Merci de m’avoir donné la chance de partir en congrès, de rencontrer d’autres gens passionnés, et de voir ce qui se fait ailleurs comme Science. Evidemment, merci de m’avoir appris à faire de savants calculs mathématiques (les moles, MSD, dérivés, et constante d’Avogadro n’ont presque plus de secrets pour moi maintenant ; à chaque fois que je ferai un produit en croix, je penserai à toi). Merci aussi pour ton oreille attentive (pas seulement pour les problèmes scientifiques), merci d’avoir pris le temps de discuter avec moi de 4 mon avenir, et de m’avoir aidé à prendre des décisions quant à mon futur post-doc. Malgré tes « coups de gueule » (souvent justifiés, ou pas), tu es un chef exceptionnel, et j’ai vraiment adoré travailler avec toi ces quasi-5 dernières années. Merci à mes précieux amis, vous avez été une vraie famille pour moi à Marseille pendant ces 4 années de thèse : Nico et Ferdinand, merci de m’avoir supportée (dans les bons et les mauvais moments), et merci de m’avoir embarquée dans tous vos bons plans : Tignes, le GR20 (encore merci Nico d’avoir accepté de prendre le déo, Ph, si tu veux, je t’aiderais à finir le GR Nord), Stockholm (dédicace aux pieds de PH), Giens, le petit chalet en Savoie, et bien d’autres… Grâce à vous, ces 4 années de thèse sont remplies de bons souvenirs, de fous rires, de bonne musique (ou pas), de superbes panoramas. Vous allez me manquer et j’espère que malgré nos différentes destinations post-doctorales, on se reverra ! Merci aussi à mon Fabrice Mouhamar, merci pour pleins de choses (je vais forcément en oublier) : merci pour tes fameux plats en sauces, nos repas avec le Ferdinand à Marseille (chez vous) sont de superbes souvenirs, merci de m’avoir prêté tes tee-shirts à plusieurs reprises pour me moucher, merci pour ta gentillesse et pour m’avoir écouté pleurnicher (c’est écrit dans tes remerciements), et je profite de ces remerciements pour m’excuser de ne pas encore être venu te voir chez toi, mais promis, j’essaie de corriger ça rapidement. Merci ma Anne-Lise, la SuperWoman du Nebraska (et je te souhaite bientôt de l’Alaska), d’être toujours là, même si ces dernières années, je n’ai pas été très disponible pour toi. Tu es une fille en or, et j’ai beaucoup de chance de t’avoir comme amie.
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