Evolution of the Marine Chronometer
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NOTE: to Set Any Watch Function, the Digit(S) MUST Be Flashing
CONGRATULATIONS! You have selected a quality timepiece that will assist you in remembering tasks, managing your time and keeping focused. Perfect for reminders for medication and medical conditions, timing presentations or procedures, for cooking, parking meters and for keeping on schedule. The uses are endless. Set the “vibration” feature for alarm settings and countdown timer when you do not want to alert or disturb others or when you cannot hear an audible alarm. This unique watch has been carefully designed to give user satisfaction and to be user friendly. The large display is easy to read. Prompts are displayed to assist in easy setting. User options are easily set. Enjoy the many benefits of this wonderful watch. OPERATING MODES: CALENDAR ALARM CHRONO TIMER OPTION CLOCK (STOPWATCH) Vibra LITE 8 is a trademark of GLOBAL ASSISTIVE DEVICES, INC. Page 1 NOTE: To set any watch functions, the digit(s) that you want to set MUST BE FLASHING. When setting Calendar/Clocks, Alarms or Timer: if a delay of approx. 3 minutes occurs without buttons being pushed, digits will stop flashing and watch will return to Calendar/Clock Mode. Watch display will automatically return to Calendar/Clock Mode from Option Mode when no buttons are pushed in approx. 3 minutes. SETTING TIME OF DAY AND CALENDAR NOTE: THIS IS TIME ZONE 1 & MUST BE SET CORRECTLY FOR THE TIME OF DAY AS THE ALARMS WILL WORK BASED ON THIS TIME. Three Time Zones are available. Set Time Zone 1 for the time of day of your home location. This is the default Time and will show on the watch at all times when it is in the Calendar/Clock mode. -
Measurement of Time
Measurement of Time M.Y. ANAND, B.A. KAGALI* Department of Physics, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056 *email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Time was historically measured using the periodic motions of the sun and stars. Various types of sun clocks were devised in Egypt, Greece and Europe. Different types of water clocks were assembled with ever greater accuracy. Only in the seventeenth century did the mechanical clock with pendulums and springs appeared. Accurate quartz clocks and atomic clocks were developed in the first half of the twentieth century. Now we have clocks that have better than microsecond accuracy. This article gives a brief account of all these topics. Keywords: Sun clocks, Water clocks, Mechanical clocks, Quartz clocks, Atomic clocks, World Time, Indian Standard time We all know intuitively what time is. It can be civilizations relied upon the apparent motion of roughly equated with change or motions. From these bodies through the sky to determine the very beginning man has been interested in seasons, months, and years. understanding and measuring time. More We know little about the details of recently, he has been looking for ways to limit timekeeping in prehistoric eras, but we find the “damaging” effects of time and going that in every culture, some people were backward in time! preoccupied with measuring and recording the Celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, planets, passage of time. Ice-age hunters in Europe over and stars—have provided us a reference for 20,000 years ago scratched lines and gouged measuring the passage of time. Ancient holes in sticks and bones, possibly counting the Physics Education • January − March 2007 277 days between phases of the moon. -
Special Chronograph Instructions & Warranty
IMPORTANT! Register for your warranty Special Chronograph online at www.reactorwatch.com Instructions & Warranty Welcome IMPORTANT! REACTOR watches were conceived, Every analog REACTOR watch is fitted designed and built to withstand the real with a screw-down crown to ensure world of sport enthusiasts. We are very maximum water resistance. However, proud of what we have accomplished using your watch in water with the crown and we are excited to welcome you to unscrewed or only partially screwed our ever-growing family. down may result in leakage. While your REACTOR watch is built for ALWAYS CHECK THAT THE CROWN IS maximum durability, it should ALWAYS be COMPLETELY SCREWED DOWN BEFORE rinsed thoroughly after use in salt water. SUBMERGING YOUR WATCH! www.reactorwatch.com www.reactorwatch.com Warranty Service Our warranty is simple and straight If your watch needs service, return it to: forward: if anything goes wrong with Reactor Service your REACTOR watch in the first two 5312 Derry Ave., Suite B years of ownership, we will either repair Agoura Hills, CA 91301 or replace it at our expense. Please download the Repair Form from Here’s the “not so small print”: the Service section of our website, Normal wear and tear and abuse are not complete it, and include it with your considered manufacturing defects and watch. Our service center is committed are not covered by our warranty. to having your watch back to you in no more than 10 working days. www.reactorwatch.com www.reactorwatch.com Setting the Watch 1. Unscrew crown and pull to pos. 2. -
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Latitude, Longitude and Associated Metadata
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Latitude, Longitude and Associated Metadata The Property Profile Form (PPF) requests the property name, address, city, state and zip. From these address fields, ACRES interfaces with Google Maps and extracts the latitude and longitude (lat/long) for the property location. ACRES sets the remaining property geographic information to default values. The data (known collectively as “metadata”) are required by EPA Data Standards. Should an ACRES user need to be update the metadata, the Edit Fields link on the PPF provides the ability to change the information. Before the metadata were populated by ACRES, the data were entered manually. There may still be the need to do so, for example some properties do not have a specific street address (e.g. a rural property located on a state highway) or an ACRES user may have an exact lat/long that is to be used. This Quick Reference Guide covers how to find latitude and longitude, define the metadata, fill out the associated fields in a Property Work Package, and convert latitude and longitude to decimal degree format. This explains how the metadata were determined prior to September 2011 (when the Google Maps interface was added to ACRES). Definitions Below are definitions of the six data elements for latitude and longitude data that are collected in a Property Work Package. The definitions below are based on text from the EPA Data Standard. Latitude: Is the measure of the angular distance on a meridian north or south of the equator. Latitudinal lines run horizontal around the earth in parallel concentric lines from the equator to each of the poles. -
A Brief History of the Great Clock at Westminster Palace
A Brief History of the Great Clock at Westminster Palace Its Concept, Construction, the Great Accident and Recent Refurbishment Mark R. Frank © 2008 A Brief History of the Great Clock at Westminster Palace Its Concept, Construction, the Great Accident and Recent Refurbishment Paper Outline Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 2 History of Westminster Palace………………………………………………... 2 The clock’s beginnings – competition, intrigues, and arrogance …………... 4 Conflicts, construction and completion …………………………………….. 10 Development of the gravity escapement ……………………………………. 12 Seeds of destruction ………………………………………………………….. 15 The accident, its analysis and aftermath …………………………………… 19 Recent major overhaul in 2007 ……………………………………………... 33 Appendix A …………………………………………………………………... 40 Footnotes …………………………………………………………………….. 41 1 Introduction: Big Ben is a character, a personality, the very heart of London, and the clock tower at the Houses of Parliament has become the symbol of Britain. It is the nation’s clock, instantly recognizable, and brought into Britain’s homes everyday by the BBC. It is part of the nation’s heritage and has long been established as the nation’s timepiece heralding almost every broadcast of national importance. On the morning of August 5th 1976 at 3:45 AM a catastrophe occurred to the movement of the great clock in Westminster Palace. The damage was so great that for a brief time it was considered to be beyond repair and a new way to move the hands on the four huge exterior dials was considered. How did this happen and more importantly why did this happen and how could such a disaster to one of the world’s great horological treasures be prevented from happening again? Let us first go through a brief history leading up to the creation of the clock. -
Latitude/Longitude Data Standard
LATITUDE/LONGITUDE DATA STANDARD Standard No.: EX000017.2 January 6, 2006 Approved on January 6, 2006 by the Exchange Network Leadership Council for use on the Environmental Information Exchange Network Approved on January 6, 2006 by the Chief Information Officer of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency for use within U.S. EPA This consensus standard was developed in collaboration by State, Tribal, and U. S. EPA representatives under the guidance of the Exchange Network Leadership Council and its predecessor organization, the Environmental Data Standards Council. Latitude/Longitude Data Standard Std No.:EX000017.2 Foreword The Environmental Data Standards Council (EDSC) identifies, prioritizes, and pursues the creation of data standards for those areas where information exchange standards will provide the most value in achieving environmental results. The Council involves Tribes and Tribal Nations, state and federal agencies in the development of the standards and then provides the draft materials for general review. Business groups, non- governmental organizations, and other interested parties may then provide input and comment for Council consideration and standard finalization. Standards are available at http://www.epa.gov/datastandards. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Latitude/Longitude Data Standard is a set of data elements that can be used for recording horizontal and vertical coordinates and associated metadata that define a point on the earth. The latitude/longitude data standard establishes the requirements for documenting latitude and longitude coordinates and related method, accuracy, and description data for all places used in data exchange transaction. Places include facilities, sites, monitoring stations, observation points, and other regulated or tracked features. 1.1 Scope The purpose of the standard is to provide a common set of data elements to specify a point by latitude/longitude. -
Pb3005 Marine Timekeepers
Marine Timekeepers 16 February 1993 Four stamps commemorating the 300th The stamps were designed by Howard anniversary of the birth of John Harrison, who Brown, a freelance graphic designer working in perfected the Marine Chronometer, go on sale London. Previous work for Royal Mail include at post offices, the British Philatelic Bureau, designing a booklet on the history of British films Collections, and philatelic counters on 16 in 1985, and a set of stamps to mark the February. The stamps feature different layers of bicentenary of Ordnance Survey in 1991. Harrisons “H4” Clock (one of five prototypes, now known as Hl — H5), completed in 1759. The Technical Details clocks can be seen at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Printer: The House of Questa Process: Offset lithography Size: 35 X 37mm, “almost square” Sheets: 1(X) Perforation: 14 x 14Y2 Phosphor: Phosphor Coated Paper Gum: PVA Presentation Pack: No 235, price £1.55 Stamp Cards: Nos 150A-D, price 21 p each. First Day Facilities Unstamped Royal Mail first day cover envelopes will be available from main post offices, the Bureau, Collections, and philatelic counters approximately two weeks before 16 February, price 21 p. The values cover the inland 1 st Class and EC basic rates (24p), Europe, non-EC basic rate (28p); worldwide postcard rate (33p); and basic airmail letter rate (39p). The 24p stamp shows a decorated enamel dial with precision centre-seconds indication. The 28p stamp shows the escapement, remontoire and fusee with automatic ‘maintaining power’. The 33p stamp shows the timekeeping element, including balance and spring and bimetallic temperature compensation. -
House Watch Application Return Completed Form To: 218-326-4663 (Fax) | 440 1St Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 | [email protected]
House Watch The Itasca County Sheriff’s Office provides the following house watch service to the residents of Itasca County. The following rules will apply; failure to comply will result in dismissal of your house watch. 1. The house watch program is available to residents that reside year-round in Itasca County. o Any person that has seasonal property or goes out of state for the winter is not eligible for a watch. 2. The house watch programs is available if your vacation is longer than 5 days and not longer than 30 days. o Any person gone for less than 5 days should have a neighbor/friend watch the residence. o Any person gone for more than 30 days should consider having an alarm installed along with a neighbor/friend watching the residence. 3. All house watches will be performed when officers have available time. 4. Any residence that has an alarm will not be eligible. 5. The house watch program requires that access to your property be kept clear and maintained year-round. 6. The house watch programs is designed to check for vandalism, property damage, and break- ins. 7. In the event that there would be a problem with your residence, we require that a key holder be named to take care of the problem. J: SHF>Records Deputy>House Watch House Watch Application Return completed form to: 218-326-4663 (fax) | 440 1st Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 | [email protected] Homeowner Information Name: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Telephone: Cell Phone: Dates of Vacation: Location of Vacation: Key Holder Information Key Holder #1 Name: Daytime Phone: Nighttime Phone: Key Holder #2 Name: Daytime Phone: Nighttime Phone: Additional Information: Signature Date J: SHF>Records Deputy>House Watch . -
Articles Articles
Articles Articles ALEXI BAKER “Precision,” “Perfection,” and the Reality of British Scientific Instruments on the Move During the 18th Century Résumé Abstract On représente souvent les instruments scientifiques Early modern British “scientific” instruments, including du 18e siècle, y compris les chronomètres de précision, precision timekeepers, are often represented as static, comme des objets statiques, à l’état neuf et complets en pristine, and self-contained in 18th-century depictions eux-mêmes dans les descriptions des débuts de l’époque and in many modern museum displays. In reality, they moderne et dans de nombreuses expositions muséales were almost constantly in physical flux. Movement and d’aujourd’hui. En réalité, ces instruments se trouvaient changing and challenging environmental conditions presque constamment soumis à des courants physiques. frequently impaired their usage and maintenance, Le mouvement et les conditions environnementales especially at sea and on expeditions of “science” and difficiles et changeantes perturbaient souvent leur exploration. As a result, individuals’ experiences with utilisation et leur entretien, en particulier en mer et mending and adapting instruments greatly defined the lors d’expéditions scientifiques et d’exploration. Ce culture of technology and its use as well as later efforts sont donc les expériences individuelles de réparation at standardization. et d’adaptation des instruments qui ont grandement contribué à définir la culture de la technologie. In 1769, the astronomer John Bradley finally the calculation of the distance between the Earth reached the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall and the Sun. Bradley had not needed to travel with his men, instruments, and portable tent as far as many of his Transit counterparts, but observatory after a stressful journey. -
A Stability Analysis of Divergence Damping on a Latitude–Longitude Grid
2976 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 139 A Stability Analysis of Divergence Damping on a Latitude–Longitude Grid JARED P. WHITEHEAD Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan CHRISTIANE JABLONOWSKI AND RICHARD B. ROOD Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan PETER H. LAURITZEN Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado (Manuscript received 24 August 2010, in final form 25 March 2011) ABSTRACT The dynamical core of an atmospheric general circulation model is engineered to satisfy a delicate balance between numerical stability, computational cost, and an accurate representation of the equations of motion. It generally contains either explicitly added or inherent numerical diffusion mechanisms to control the buildup of energy or enstrophy at the smallest scales. The diffusion fosters computational stability and is sometimes also viewed as a substitute for unresolved subgrid-scale processes. A particular form of explicitly added diffusion is horizontal divergence damping. In this paper a von Neumann stability analysis of horizontal divergence damping on a latitude–longitude grid is performed. Stability restrictions are derived for the damping coefficients of both second- and fourth- order divergence damping. The accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified through the use of idealized dynamical core test cases that include the simulation of gravity waves and a baroclinic wave. The tests are applied to the finite-volume dynamical core of NCAR’s Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5). Investigation of the amplification factor for the divergence damping mechanisms explains how small-scale meridional waves found in a baroclinic wave test case are not eliminated by the damping. -
Oxfordshire Local History News
OXFORDSHIRE LOCAL HISTORY NEWS The Newsletter of the Oxfordshire Local History Association Issue 128 Spring 2014 ISSN 1465-469 Chairman’s Musings gaining not only On the night of 31 March 1974, the inhabitants of the Henley but also south north-western part of the Royal County of Berkshire Buckinghamshire, went to bed as usual. When they awoke the following including High morning, which happened to be April Fools’ Day, they Wycombe, Marlow found themselves in Oxfordshire. It was no joke and, and Slough. forty years later, ‘occupied North Berkshire’ is still firmly part of Oxfordshire. The Royal Commission’s report Today, many of the people who live there have was soon followed by probably forgotten that it was ever part of Berkshire. a Labour government Those under forty years of age, or who moved in after white paper. This the changes, may never have known this. Most broadly accepted the probably don’t care either. But to local historians it is, recommendations of course, important to know about boundaries and apart from deferring a decision on provincial councils. how they have changed and developed. But in the 1970 general election, the Conservatives were elected. Prime Minister Edward Heath appointed The manner in which the 1974 county boundary Peter Walker as the minister responsible for sorting the changes came about is little known but rather matter out. He produced another but very different interesting. Reform of local government had been on white paper. It also deferred a decision on provincial the political agenda since the end of World War II. -
RAMP: a Computer System for Mapping Regional Areas
RAMP: a computer system for mapping regional areas Bradley B. Nickey PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range Experiment Station FOREST SERVICE lJ S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P.O. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-12 11975 CONTENTS Page Introduction ........................................... 1 Individual Fire Reports ................................... 1 RAMP ................................................ 2 Digitization Requirements ................................. 2 Accuracy .............................................. 2 Computer Software ...................................... 2 Computer Operations .................................... 4 Converting Coordinates ................................ 4 Aligning Coordinates .................................. 4 Mapping Sections ..................................... 6 Application ............................................ 8 Literature Cited ......................................... 9 Nickey, Bradley B. 1975. RAMP: a computer system for mapping regional areas. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-12, 9 p., illus. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. Until 1972, the U.S. Forest Service's Individual Fire Reports recorded locations by the section-township-range system..These earlier fire reports, therefore, lacked congruent locations. RAMP (Regional Area Mapping Pro- cedure) was designed to make the reports more useful for quantitative analysis. This computer-based technique converts locations expressed in section-township-range