19008 UN-ESCAP Pacific-IX Desktop Study V7
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Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013 [Provisions]
The Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (Submarine Cable Protection) Bill 2013 [Provisions] March 2014 © Commonwealth of Australia 2014 ISBN 978-1-74229-980-8 Committee address PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Tel: 02 6277 3526 Fax: 02 6277 5818 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Environment_and_Com munications This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License. The details of this licence are available on the Creative Commons website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. This document was printed by the Senate Printing Unit, Parliament House, Canberra Committee membership Committee members Senator John Williams, Chair NATS, New South Wales Senator Anne Urquhart, Deputy Chair ALP, Tasmania Senator David Fawcett LP, South Australia Senator Louise Pratt ALP, Western Australia Senator Anne Ruston LP, South Australia Senator Larissa Waters AG, Queensland Substitute member for this inquiry Senator Scott Ludlam (AG, WA) to replace Senator Larissa Waters (AG, QLD) for this inquiry. Committee secretariat Ms Christine McDonald, Committee Secretary Mr Chris Lawley, Senior Research Officer Mrs Dianne Warhurst, Administration Officer iii iv Table of Contents Committee membership ................................................................................... iii Chapter 1 - Introduction ................................................................................... -
Telecommunications/Icts for Rural and Remote Areas Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 Telecommunications/Icts for Rural and Remote Areas
ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union Study period 2018-2021 Development Sector Study Group 1 Question 5 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Study period 2018-2021 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote: Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 for the study period 2018-2021 ISBN 978-92-61-34591-4 (Electronic version) ISBN 978-92-61-34601-0 (EPUB version) ISBN 978-92-61-34611-9 (Mobi version) © International Telecommunication Union 2021 International Telecommunication Union, Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland Some rights reserved. This work is licensed to the public through a Creative Commons Attribution- Non- Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that ITU endorses any specific organization, product or service. The unauthorized use of the ITU name or logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a transla- tion of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU is not respon- sible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. -
Fiji © Copyright Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, 2020
National E-commerce Assessment December 2020 Fiji © Copyright Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, 2020 ISBN 978-982-202-068-7 Supported by Disclaimer This publication was commissioned as an independent consultancy report at the initiative of the Government of Fiji, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), and the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) Secretariat. The publication is supported by the TradeCom II Programme Management Unit (TCII PMU) an OACPS managed and European Union (EU) funded Programme. While this assessment draws on the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) eTrade Readiness Assessment methodology, UNCTAD has not been involved in conducting this report. The views and opinions presented in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the institutions supporting the study. The institutions bear no responsibility for the accuracy of the facts represented in this report. ii Foreword by Dame Meg Taylor, Secretary General, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat E-Commerce features as a key regional priority in the Pacific Aid-for-Trade Strategy 2020-2025. As part of this mandate, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat has taken the lead in supporting Forum Islands Countries in their efforts to take an active part in the global digital revolution. Indeed, E-Commerce presents an unprecedented opportunity to increase trade of the FICs, narrow distances and reduce trade costs among Forum Members, and between the Blue Pacific and the rest of the world. If conditions are right, E-Commerce can provide the impetus for Members to explore new ways of doing business and trading and to increase the diversification of their economies towards emerging sectors. -
Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions
December 2019 Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions Lauren Dickey, Erica Downs, Andrew Taffer, and Heidi Holz with Drew Thompson, S. Bilal Hyder, Ryan Loomis, and Anthony Miller Maps and graphics created by Sue N. Mercer, Sharay Bennett, and Michele Deisbeck Approved for Public Release: distribution unlimited. IRM-2019-U-019755-Final Abstract This report provides a general map of the information environment of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The focus of the report is on the information environment—that is, the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that shape public opinion through the dissemination of news and information—in the PICs. In this report, we provide a current understanding of how these countries and their respective populaces consume information. We map the general characteristics of the information environment in the region, highlighting trends that make the dissemination and consumption of information in the PICs particularly dynamic. We identify three factors that contribute to the dynamism of the regional information environment: disruptors, deficits, and domestic decisions. Collectively, these factors also create new opportunities for foreign actors to influence or shape the domestic information space in the PICs. This report concludes with recommendations for traditional partners and the PICs to support the positive evolution of the information environment. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor or client. Distribution Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 12/10/2019 Cooperative Agreement/Grant Award Number: SGECPD18CA0027. This project has been supported by funding from the U.S. -
Hawaiki Cable Project Presentation
South Pacific region specificity L.os Angeles Hawaii q Huge distances Hawaii q Limited populaons Guam Kiribati Nauru q Isolaon issues Tuvalu Tokelau Papua New Guinea Solomon Wallis Samo a American Samoa q Need for cheaper Vanuatu French Polynesia and faster bandwidth New CaledoniaFiji Niue Tong Cook Island a q Satellite bandwidth Norfolk Sydney price over 1500 USD / Mbps Auckland 2 Existing systems in South Pacific region q Southern Cross : Sydney - Auckland - Hawaii - US west coast - Suva - Sydney ü Capacity: 6 Tb/s ü End of life: 2020 q Endeavour (Telstra) : Sydney - Hawaii HawaiiHawaii ü Capacity: 1,2 Tb/s ü End of life: 2034 Guam q Gondwana : Nouméa - Sydney ü Capacity: 640 Gb/s Madang Honiara Apia ü End of life: 2033 Wallis Port Vila Pago Pago Tahiti Suva q Honotua : Tahi - Hawaii Noumea Nuku’alofa ü Capacity: 640 Gb/s Norfolk Is. ü End of life: 2035 Sydney Auckland q ASH : Pago-Pago - Hawaii ü Capacity: 1 Gb/s ü End of life: 2014 / 2015 ? (no more spare parts) ü SAS cable : Apia - Pago Pago 3 Hawaiki cable project overview q Project summary ü Provide internaonal bandwidth to Australia + New Zealand + Pacific Islands ü Propose point to point capacity via 100 Gb/s wavelengths ü System design capacity : 20 Tbps ü 2 step project q Time schedule ü Q1 2013 : signature of supplier contract ü Service date : 2015 q Project development by Intelia (www.intelia.nc) ü Leading telecom integrator ü Partnership with Ericsson, ZTE, Telstra, Prysmian, etc… ü 2011 turnover > USD 40M Commercial references : ü Supply and installaon of 3G+ mobile network in NC ü IP transit service for Gondwana cable in Sydney Submarine cable experience - in partnership with ASN: ü New Caledonia cable : Gondwana in 2008 - 2 100 km ü French Polynesia cable : Honotua in 2010 - 4 500 km 4 Hawaiki Cable Step 1 Main backbone / Strategic route Hawaii California Hawaii Guam Madang Honiara Pago Pago Wallis Apia Tahiti Port Vila Suva Noumea Niue Nuku’alofa Rarotonga Norfolk Is. -
SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 1 ) 1St Generation (Regenerator System Using 1.31 Micron Wavelength)
SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 1 ) 1st Generation (Regenerator System using 1.31 micron wavelength) System Landing Countries Capacity Route Length Delivery Japan, U.S.A. (Guam, TPC-3 (Note 1) 560Mbps (280Mbps x 2fp) 3,760km Dec. 88 Hawaii) Hong Kong, Japan, Hong Kong-Japan-Korea 560Mbps (280Mbps x 2fp) 4,700km Apr. 90 Korea Kuantan-Kota Kinabaru Malaysia 840Mbps (420Mbps x 2fp) 1,570km Dec. 90 Japan, U.S.A. North Pacific Cable (NPC) 1680Mbps (420Mbps x 4fp) 9,400km Apr. 91 (Mainland) Surabaya-Banjarmasin Indonesia 280Mbps (280Mbps x 1fp) 410km Dec. 91 N. ote 1:The very first Branching Units deployed in the Pacific 1 SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 2 ) 2nd Generation (Regenerator System using 1.55 micron wavelength) System Landing Sites Capacity Route Length Delivery UK-Germany No.5 (Note 2) UK, Germany 3.6Gbps (1.8Gbps x 2fp) 500km Oct. 91 Brunei-Singapore Brunei, Singapore 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1500km Nov. 91 Brunei, Malaysia, Brunei-Malaysia-Philippines (BMP) 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1500km Jan. 92 Philippines Japan, U.S.A. TPC-4 1680Mbps (560Mbps x 3fp) 5000km Oct. 92 (Mainland) Japan, Hong Kong, APC Taiwan, Malaysia, 1680Mbps (560Mbps x 3fp) 7600km Aug. 93 Singapore Malaysia-Thailand Malaysia, Thailand 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1500km Aug. 94 (incl. Petchaburi-Sri Racha) Russia-Japan-Korea (RJK) Russia, Japan, Korea 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1700km Nov. 94 Thailand, Vietnam, Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong (T-V-H) 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 3400km Nov. 95 Hong Kong N. ote 2: The very first giga bit submarine cable system in the world 2 SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 3 ) 3rd Generation (Optical Amplifier System) System Landing Sites Capacity Route Length Delivery Malaysia Domestic (Southern Link) Malaysia 10Gbps (5Gbps x 2fp) 2,300km Jul. -
Maximising Availability of International Connectivity in Developing Countries: Strategies to Ensure Global Digital Inclusion Acknowledgements
REGULATORY AND MARKET ENVIRONMENT International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations Maximising Availability CH-1211 Geneva 20 OF INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIVITY Switzerland www.itu.int IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: STRATEGIES TO ENSURE GLOBAL DIGITAL INCLUSION ISBN: 978-92-61-22491-2 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 2 2 4 9 1 2 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2016 INCLUSION GLOBAL DIGITAL TO ENSURE STRATEGIES CONNECTIVITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: OF INTERNATIONAL AVAILABILITY MAXIMISING Telecommunication Development Sector Maximising availability of international connectivity in developing countries: Strategies to ensure global digital inclusion Acknowledgements The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) would like to thank ITU experts Mike Jensen, Peter Lovelock, and John Ure (TRPC) for the preparation of this report. This report was produced by the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT). ISBN: 978-92-61-22481-3 (paper version) 978-92-61-22491-2 (electronic version) 978-92-61-22501-8 (EPUB) 978-92-61-22511-7 (MOBI) Please consider the environment before printing this report. © ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Table of Contents 1 Introduction and background 1 2 The dynamics of international capacity provision in developing countries 2 2.1 The Global context 2 2.2 International capacity costs 3 2.3 Global transit 4 3 International connectivity provision 5 3.1 Ways and means of enabling international -
Detailed Project Report for Connecting Lakshadweep Islands on Submarine
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR CONNECTING LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS ON SUBMARINE OFC Contents 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 1.1 BACKGROUND 11 1.2 METHODOLOGY TO PREPARE THE DPR 11 1.3 BROAD FINDINGS 12 1.3.1 SUBMARINE CABLE LENGTH AND TYPE 12 1.3.2. SITE SURVEY 12 1.3.3. SUBMARINE SYSTEM DESIGN 12 1.3.4. PROPOSED TOPOLOGIES 14 1.3.5 PROJECT TIMELINES 16 2.0 INTRODUCTION 17 2.1 ABOUT LAKSHADWEEP 17 2.2 PRESENT TELECOM SCENARIO 18 2.3 ISSUES IN PRESENT TELECOM CONNECTIVITY 19 2.4 CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING RELIABLE TELECOM CONNECTIVITY 19 2.5 TCIL SCOPE OF WORK 19 3.0 ASSESMENT OF TELECOM CONNECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS 22 3.1 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS REQUIRING RELIABLE TELECOM CONNECTIVITY 22 3.2 ESTIMATION OF TELECOM BANDWDITH REQUIREMENT IN LAKSHADWEEP 23 4.1 ABOUT SUBMARINE OFC SYSTEM 26 4.1.1 WET PLANT COMPONENTS 27 4.1.2 DRY PLANT 32 4.2 CAPACITY OF SUBMARINE OFC LINKS 33 4.3. MARINE SERVICES 43 4.4. WORLDWIDE CABLE NETWORKS 48 5.0 DESKTOP STUDY 52 5.1. SITE VISIT FINDINGS 53 5.2. CABLE TYPES 55 5.3. CABLE BURIAL 56 6. LAKSHADWEEP NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 72 6.1. BACKGROUND 72 6.1.1. TRAI REPORT 72 6.2. ROUTE SELECTION 73 6.3. TOPOLOGY 73 6.4. SYSTEM DESIGN 79 6.4.1. NUMBER OF FIBER IN LAKSHADWEEP SUBMARINE OPTICAL FIBER CABLE 79 6.4.2. SUBMARINE EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION IN LAKSHADWEEP 81 6.5. KEY DESIGN PARAMETERS 84 6.6. REDUNDANCY 85 7. PROJECT COST 87 7.1. -
2013 Submarine Cable Market Industry Report
submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2013 Authored by Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 2 March 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: pending 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1. Foreword 10 2. Introduction 11 3. Executive Summary 13 4. Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 18 4.1 Overview of Historical System Investment 20 4.2 2008 – 2012 Systems in Review 20 4.3 Systems Investment in 2013 and Beyond 21 5. Supplier Analysis 25 5.1 System Suppliers 25 5.2 Upgrade Suppliers 26 6. Ownership Analysis 28 6.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 28 7. Regional Market Analysis and Capacity Outlook 31 7.1 Transatlantic -
IPTP Networks 2 Contents
1 www.iptp.net IPTP Networks 2 Contents CONTENTS Our history ........................................................................ 4 About us ............................................................................... 6 Global partnership .............................................................. 10 1-Stop-IT-Shop .................................................................... 12 A-Z Infrastructure ................................................................13 Managed services ..............................................................14 Managed Security Services .................................................................................. 15 IPTP Pentest ........................................................................................................... 15 Global Network and Points of Presence Map ....................................................... 16 Managed Connectivity Services ............................................................................... 17 Internet Exchanges and peering facilities .................................................................. 19 Low Latency Routes Map ......................................................................................... 20 Map of Cable Systems ........................................................................................... 21 Data Centers ....................................................................... 24 Managed Datacenter Services ...................................................................................24 -
PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG Via Madang
Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal Volume 15, November 2011 1 PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG via Madang Peter K. Anderson Joseph Kim Suwamaru Abstract PPC-1 Sydney Guam PIPE Pacific Cable (PPC1) provides a third Internet gateway for Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG to connect to the Internet via this pathway. The PPC- 1 undersea submarine cable which runs from Guam to Sydney provides a third high speed international gateway to Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG providing a total bandwidth capacity of 10Gbps enabling high speed telecommunication traffic within PNG and also between PNG and the world. This paper presents the technical characteristics of the PPC-1 including the earlier submarine cable facilities. Key words: submarine cable , fiber optic, attenuation, signal amplification, dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM), optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM), branching unit. Introduction The evolving digital revolution is making a seemingly insatiable demand on bandwidth 1. Simultaneous paradigm shifts in telecommunications technology leading to enormous growth of transmission and switching capacity make more digital services available which further fuels the demand for bandwidth. Well known digital online services which drive demands on bandwidth include instant messaging (email) and Web access with file downloads, online shopping or electronic commerce (e.g. purchasing from Amazon.com), Internet banking and video conferencing 2. Emerging bandwidth demanding services include movie and video downloads, real time audio and video streaming, video on demand, free long distance telephone calls (VOIP 3), digital TV, and social networking sites such as Face Book, Twitter and Youtube which provides low definition TV. -
11 in Honolulu, Hawaii, Re Continuing National Security, Licensing, And
Con tinu ing Cha llenges w ith National Security Reviews, Licens ing, an d Environmental Regulation Kent Bressie 18 January 2011 Section Title Overview • National security regulation: developments in the United States, echoes in India • Licensing by the U.S. Federal CitiCiiCommunications Commission • U.S. environmental regulation 2 1. Developments and Trends in National Security Regulation • Evolvinggp Team Telecom process in the United States • New telecom infrastructure security requirements in India 3 National Security Refresher Course re Team Telecom •Depp(),()artment of Justice (“DoJ”), Defense (“DoD”) and Homeland Security (“DHS”) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (together, “Team Telecom”) scrutinize applications for licenses and transaction-consent requests filed with the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”). • Team Telecom seeks to protect critical infrastructure, protect government communications, preserve government surveillance capabilities, prevent terrorist acts, and deter money laundering and drug trafficking. • Team Telecom does not act pursuant to any particular law, has adopted no formal regulations, and retains substantial power and discretion. 4 National Security Refresher Course (()cont’d) • Team Telecom reviews national security implications of an infrastructure owner or service provider seeking: – AFCCliAn FCC license for new fac ilities or serv ices, or – Consent to transfer or assign a license in a merger or acquisition • For applicants with notable foreign ownership or international infrastructure, Team Telecom typically requires a security agreement with: – Information security restrictions (confidentiality of surveillance, traffic routing, storage of data and records, requirements for any foreign surveillance) – Infrastructure security restrictions (sourcing of equipment and services for installation and maintenance) • Team Telecom petitions FCC to condition any license or transaction approval on compliance with a security agreement.