Area : 3900 Ha Project Cost : 585 Lakhs
Thingsulthliah, Tlangnuam.
Prepared by,
BDO, Thingsulthliah.
1 INDEX CHAPTER Page No. 1. Introduction ------3 2. Project Profile ------9 3. History of Project Villages & ------15 Basic Information 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ------17 5. Problem Typology ------18 6. Project Intervention Plan ------21 7. DPR Plan Abstract ------22 8. Preparatory Phase. ------23 9. Work Plan Details ------24 10. Consolidation and Withdrawal Phase. ------26 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified ------27 12. Institutional & Capacity building Plan ------28 13. Basic Profile of the project location ------30 14. Maps of the project ------31 15. Institutional mechanism& Agreements. ------35 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA. ------36 17. PIA & Watershed Committee details. ------37 18. Convergence Plans. ------38 19. Expected Outcomes. ------40 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes. ------42 21. Monitoring & Evaluation. ------43 22. List of Institution identified for capacity building. ------44 23. Plan & Estimates for various activities. ------45 24. Drawing for Various activities. ------51 25. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP.------57 26. Beneficiary Card Sample ------58
2 1. INTRODUCTION:
Land is a critically important national resource in which all human activity is based. Its efficient management is vital for economic growth and development of Rural Areas to harness the full potential of the available land resources and prevent its further degradation, development of rain fed area, degraded area is of great significance. Its management is complex and multi dimensional and its development requires scientific, holistic and innovative approach. Unprecedented population and cattle pressure and demands of Society on scarce land, water and biological resources and the ever increasing degradation of these resources is affecting the stability and resilience of our ecosystem and the environment as a whole. The expansion of human settlement and infrastructure, intensification of Agriculture, expansion of agriculture into marginal areas and fragile ecosystem emphasizes the need for integrated planning and management of resources. With ever increasing population, the needs of the people is also ever increasing. The population of Mizoram has now reached 10 lakhs resulting in increasing demand for commodities and lack of work for both the urban and rural population. Most of the rural population depends on shifting cultivation for their livelihood. Shifting Cultivation is practiced by clearing forest areas. The previous year’s jhumland is kept fallow for 5-6 year’s depending on the area available for cultivation for each village.
Shifting Cultivation results in burning of large areas of forest including those that are not required for cultivation thereby destroying forest cover, there are fewer trees and shrubs to decrease the flow of water, hence only the top soil becomes wet leading to increased runoff speed of rain water resulting in low underground water table. Those natural springs we have that we so proudly say never runs dry have now become dry during the winter months. The water we have left barely meets the requirement for human consumption not to mention those required for irrigation of farmland.
The thinning forest cover decreases moisture content of the soil making it unsuitable for plantation of trees and crops. Temperature also increases considerably because of this. Our once fertile lands will soon become deserts if we do not put a stop to shifting cultivation soon.
Each watershed area under the project is a micro level effort to achieve the objective of watershed programme through treating under productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefits of the rural poor and landless. This project adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, co-operatively identify the resources, issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solutions that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.
3 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT WORKS (50% of WORKS COMPONENT) Focus will be on:-
1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis, keeping in view the capacity of land, local condition and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e., land, water and vegetative cover. 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of assets created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed. 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the village. Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below:-
1. First Tier-Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment
(a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation: As per the report of the Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre on 12th August, 2010, the soil cultivation of the State became critical which needs to be systematically addressed to check further degradation and soil erosion. According to MIRSAC report the vegetative cover of Mizoram is shown below:-
Sl.No Total Geographical Area 21087 Sqm % 1 Soil loss due to weather, etc. 4352.36 Sqm 20.64 2 Virgin Forest 1537.25 Sqm 7.29 3 Open Forest 2047.55 Sq Km 9.71 4 Scrub land/degraded Forest 5193.73 Sq Km 24.63 5 Area covered by Lake, Pond and Rivers 139.17 Sq Km 0.66 6 Bamboo Forest 7816.94 Sq Km 37.07
Out of the total area of 21087 Sq Kms, 999.52 Sq Kms. have been annually degraded due to shifting cultivation. Hence, a shift from jhumming to permanent farming is the need of the day.
(b) Afforestation: Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipitation/rainfall, increased underground water table.
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(c) Prevention of soil erosion: Due to the hilly nature of Mizoram and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the fertile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimum soil content in the runoff water.
2. Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment:-
(a) Construction of water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources: Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water can be used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season.
(b) Land Development: The areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided. (c) Gestation period treatment: The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier- Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.
3. Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment:
(a) Wet Rice Cultivation & Mixed Farming: In places of permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2 – 3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land; therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market.
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(b) Multiple cropping: If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised.
4. Provision of livelihood for Asset-less families (10% of Works Component): The Asset-less families will be provided with a scope of micro-entrepreneurship, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, Tin smithy, Petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.
5. Livestock Group & Existing Livelihood (13% of Works Component): (a) Livestock Group (10%):- Since, the Mizo’s are meat – eaters, the demand for meat production is always very high. Out of the total consumption of Beef during 2008-2009, 60% came from outside the State, 80% of fish available in the market in Mizoram are from outside the State. Therefore, the project will try to increase meat production to meat the State demand. The following table shows the meat requirement and consumption during 2008-2009. (source AH&Vety Department, Mizoram)
DAILY MEAT CONSUMPTION IN MIZORAM (2008 -2009) Average Daily Consumption Meat Amount No of Animals Rate per Kg Daily requirement in kg spents Beef 52 175 5,980 10,46,500 Pork 226 120 21,470 25,76,400 Poultry 2,266 180 6,118 11,01,276 Fish NA 120 4,286 5,14,320 Mutton 23 200 207 41,400
MONTH / YEARLY MEAT CONSUMPTION IN MIZORAM (2008-2009) Average Monthly Consumption Annually ( 25 days) Meat % Monthly Annual requirement Amount spent requirement Amount spent in kg in kg Pork 5,36,750 6,44,10,000 64,41,000 77,29,20,000 56.41 Beef 1,49,500 2,61,62,500 17,94,000 31,39,50,000 15.71 Poultry 1,52,955 2,75,31,900 18,35,460 33,03,82,800 16.07 Fish 1,07,150 1,28,58,000 12,85,800 15,42,96,000 11.26 Mutton 5,175 10,35,000 62,100 1,24,20,000 0.54
6 (b) Existing Livelihood (3%):- The Existing Livelihood for poor have been identified and intervention plan have been proposed in the action plan.
6. Rural – Urban migration: Due to lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using IWMP this rural-urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.
7. Women empowerment: For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family. 8. Creation of Assets: Using IWMP Project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the responsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal charge will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.
9. Convergence with other Programmes: An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of India and State Government will be opened for the Project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of fund. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.
10. Connectivity of the Project Area: Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease transportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance
7 works done per day per person since time for traveling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monitoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG- NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach.
11. Food Security: In many rural villages, the parents had to toil and sweats for their Children in order to give the family a food meal twice a day. Making both ends meet is as hand as a rock sometimes due to scarcity of wage employment and results in lack of purchasing power. However, in order to make availability of food more secure for the family, the project will enhance the productivity of the land, increase the income of the family and revitalize the welfare of the family so that there will be food scarcity .
12. Disaster Risk Reduction Approach: Whenever there is any developmental activities in hilly areas, landslips, erosions and road blocks rise. Their ugly heads causing devastating destructions, sometimes results in Landslips and hungers and also natural calamities like Drought, Wild Fire, Airborned and Waterborned diseases. This project, as far as practicable, will address to reduce the risk of disaster due to developmental works by construction of Check Dams, Retaining Walls, Flood control works and control of free flowing rain waters by way of construction of contour lines, bundings, terracing etc. to decrease the run off speed of rain water and utilize all available water in a meaning way for enhancing productivity.
8 PROJECT PROFILE
Aizawl : Aizawl-XIV Name of Watershed : Sathanglui Watershed Area of the project : 3900 Ha Cost of the project : 585 Lakhs (a) Central Share : 526.5 Lakhs (b) State Share : 58.5 Lakhs
Villages to be covered : Thingsulthliah, Tlangnuam
1. Drainage System: Tuirial river originates from north Chawilung hill within the district and flows northward throughout the whole length of the district till it enters Cachar district of Assam. It also forms the district boundary with Kolasib district in the west and north western side. It has many important tributaries and in the southern part of the river Tuirivang, Tuinghaleng, Suanghuan lui and Chite lui are the important perennial streams that confluence to it. In the middle course of the river, streams like Tuipawl lui, Sihphir lui on left bank and Tuirini, Tuiphu, Tuitung and Tuitla on the right bank are the important ones. In the north the main tributaries from the right bank like Tuisual lui, Mairang lui, Chengkawl lui and Mawtawi lui are notable ones. 2. Geomorphology: Sl Geomorp Description Area (in % No hic Unit Sq. Km) High High Structural Hills include those which rise above 1 Structura 1200m. they are mainly found at the peaks of 180.21 5.04 l Hill Hmuifang, Tawi, Chalfilh and Mawmrang tlang Medium Structural Hills include those which range in height from 800m to 1200m. They are found along Medium Aizawl, Neihbawih and along East Phaileng ridges. It 2 Structura 830.37 23.22 also found below the peaks of Hmuifang, Tawi, l Hill Chalfilh, Mawmrang tlang and ridges.
Low Low Structural Hills include those hills which rise below 3 Structura 88m. they cover almost the entire area. 2530.93 70.77 l Hill Valley Fill is of fluvial origin characterized by the unconsolidated sediments deposited by streams or Valley 4 rivers in a narrow fluvial valley. They are found mainly 33.07 0.92 Fill along Tuirial river, Turini river and their tributaries, and along the streams of the northern part of the district. Flood plains are those low-lying plans found along the Flood 5 major rivers. They are formed by deposition of recent 1.73 0.05 Plain alluvium, such as gravel, sand and silt. TOTAL 3576.31 100.00
9 3. Lithology: Area Sl Rock Types Description (in Sq. % No Km)) Sandstone are fine to very fine grained, ash to bluish grey to light brown in colour, compact and hard, thinly bedded; and are rarely yellowish brown; medium grained, and 1 Sandstone friable. Few thick beds of sandstones are 1686.98 47.17 found in some areas. These beds are important source of building and road construction materials in the area, and they form the main ridges of the area. Shale and Siltstone are dark grey in colour and are usually splintery. This group of rocks occupies the core of anticlines, flanked on 2 Siltstone-Shale 1856.97 51.92 either side by the rocks of Upper Bhuban Formation. In some horizons, this unit exhibits thinly bedded, flesh-red colour. Limestone is found in small outcrop near Muthi village and along the banks of Tuirial 3 Limestone 1.47 0.04 river. These Limestone are calcareous in nature and are, therefore, very hard This unit forms the recent alluvium deposits. Clayey Sand deposits are found scattered all 4 Clayey Sand 25.52 0.71 over the area along small streams and valley fills between the hills. This unit also forms the recent alluvium deposits. They are generally found within the Gravel, Sand & flood plains along the majors rivers – Tlawng, 5 5.36 0.15 Silt Tuirial, Tuivawl and Tuirini rivers. This unit is economically important as it provides sand for building purposes TOTAL 3576.31 100.00
4. Ground water Potential: Sl Potential Area (in Description % No Zones Sq.Km) This zones generally covers valley fill, flood plains and low-lying areas which are located within the proximily of water bodies, where there will be continual recharge. It also includes the intersection of the structural units, such as lineaments and faults, with valley fill and flood 1 Very good 109.14 3.05 plains. Lithologically, this zone covers the flood plains of Tlawng, Tuirial and Barak rivers. Settlement areas such as Sairang, Zohmun, etc are included within this. This zone also covers the plains of Tuirini, Tuivawl and Tuivai rivers. It also covers the plains of minor rivers such as
10 Changte lui, Lau lui, Zilngai lui and Tuimang lui. All the spring and hand pumps located within the settlement area also fall in this zone All the remaining geological structures fall under the Good potential zone. The low-lying areas including parts of flood plains and valley fills are also included in this zone. Among the rock typed exposed in the study area, sandstones 2 Good are generally capable of storing and transmitting 593.55 16.60 water through their interstices and pore spaces present in between the grains, and are considered to be suitable aquifer. It mainly covers the plains of Tlawng rivers, parts of Tuivai and Tuirial synclines. This zone mainly comprises areas where the 1005.20 28.11 recharge condition and the water-yielding capacity of the underlying materials are neither suitable nor poor. Topographically, it covers 3 Moderate gently sloping smooth surface of the hill. THE Moderate zone falls within the poor water- bearing rock formation such as silty shale that are, in turn, characterized by the presence of secondary structures in them The poor zone is mainly distributed in the 1868.42 52.24 elevated areas. It is mainly distributed along the 4 Poor ridges and high structural hills. This zone is predominantly high in terms of areal extend and covers lager part of the district. TOTAL 3576.31 100.00
5. LAND USE /LAND COVER Sl Class Description Area % NO. Built – up land is an area of human habitation, developed due to non-agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and communications, Built – up 1 utilizes in association with water, vegetation and 48.28 1.36 land: vacant lands. Aizawl District includes one city i.e. Aizawl City, three notified towns namely SAIRANG, Darlawn and Saitual, and 98 villages These are lands primarily used for farming and for Agriculture production of food, fiber and other commercial 2 land : horticultural crops (irrigated and un-irrigated, plantations etc.) Kharif crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation areas located in the low lying plains. The wet rice cultivation areas are usually located at the 2.1 Kharif 2.23 banks of rivers, streams and sometimes close to 0.06 settlement areas, where soil and water supply is suitable for its establishment and growth
2.2 This class includes areas, which is being utilized for 11.93 0.32
11 Plantation plantation of cash crops. They include a variety of agricultural/horticultural plantations, of which the prominent ones includes Citrus woodlands, Tea, Pineapple, Banana, Squash plantations. This class includes natural forests, which are not disturbed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation Forest 3.1 3 and other human activities. The crown density of this 642.75 Dense 17.97 semi-evergreen forests covers major portion of this area. 3.2 Medium The forests that have a crown cover neither too thick 410.21 Dense nor too thin are classed under this category. 11.47 As the name of this class implies, the forest under he category has a thin crown cover. This type of forest includes forest, which have were once disturbed and affected by biotic factors like shifting 3.3 Less cultivation and human activities. These forests are 399.73 Dense 11.18 characterized by those lands where shifting cultivation had been practiced and then left fallow for over a year; the resultant new vegetation of which, regenerated to form new forests. Moist deciduous bamboo forests are found to be distributed throughout Aizawl district. It is mostly found in law- lying areas near streams and rivers. It 3.4 Bamboo 1403.01 constitutes the largest cover among the land use 39.23 classed. In some places it is also found on hill slopes. Forest plantations are distributed throughout the district. Some has large coverage while most of them have area below the minimum mapable unit. The 3.5 15.09 prominent forest plantations are Teak (Tectona 0.42 grandis) Michelia (Michelaia champaca), Gamari (Gemelina arborea), Pine (Pinus kesiya) Shifting It is a traditional practice of growing crops on Cultivation forested/vegetated hill slopes by slash and burn
4 4.1 Current method. These are associated with 185.44 5.19 Shifting mountainous/hilly areas amidst forest cover and Cultivation forest cleared areas. These are areas that were under shifting cultivation, 4.2 left idle for more than one year but less than three Abandoned years thereby giving scope for the regeneration of 407.97 Shifting 11.41 the secondary vegetation especially bamboo Cultivation grasses These lands are generally prone to deterioration due to erosion. They generally occupy topographically 5 Scrub land 35.38 high locations, excluding hilly/mountainous terrain. 0.99 They possess sparse vegetation with the soil cover. This category comprises areas with surface water,
6 Water body either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes or 14.29 0.40 flowing as streams and rivers etc. TOTAL 3576.31 100.00
12 6. Rainfall : Although pre-monsoon rains break in from the early part of March with occasional thunder-storms, the monsoon period really starts from the middle week of April and the peak period is in the month of July to August. It declines gradually and ceases during November. Occasional showers of low to medium intensity also occur during the period from December to February due to the influence of the retreating monsoon.
The rainfall recorded during 2000 -2009 as per the record of Padma Shree Pu C.Rokhuma, Aizawl, Mizoram.
2000 ------97.70 inches 2001 ------84.90 inches
2002 ------95.40 inches 2003 ------123.65 inches
2004 ------89.85 inches 2005 ------56.90 inches
2006 ------64.75 inches 2007 ------96.45 inches
2008 ------62.05 inches 2009 ------55.75 inches
The minimum & maximum temperatures between 1986 – 2008 recorded during January was 70C min - 260C max, during April was 130C min – 350C max, During July was 180C min - 340C max.
7. Ethnology : The Project Area is inhabited by Mizo tribe comprising of Ralte, Hmar, Paihte, Sailo and other Lusei Tribes. Mizo dialect is the common language.
13 The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.
Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (dec)
Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361
Sources: AH&Vety Department
Area & Production Major crops (2009-2010)
Sl Name of 2009-2010 2010-2011 No Crop Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Area ‘000 Prodn ‘000 Ha Ha Ha Cereals: 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses: 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed: 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of Oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G. Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT 2. Increase productivity in WRC 1.7 - 2.5 MT/Ha 3. Increase productivity in Jhum 0.92 – 1.2 MT/Ha 4. Farm Power Availability 0.25 – 0.75 KW/Ha 5. Fertilizer consumption 42.07 – 60.00 Kg/Ha 6. Seed Replacement 30% in Paddy and 40% in Other crops 7. System of Rice intesification 500-3,000 Ha
14 HISTORY OF PROJECTED VILLAGES AND BASIC INFORMATION
TLANGNUAM (Thingsul-Tlangnuam) This village is located under Thingsulthliah R.D Block with a population of 641 male and 589 female persons as on today. Though the village was established in the year 1912 the effect of Mizo insurgency was felt as they were grouped in Thingsulthliah village in the year 1966. However, with the burning of Thingsulthliah village the origin of Thingsul - Tlangnuam were able to shift back in their original home in 1973. As late as 1990 the villagers were able to formed the first Village Council in 1990. As of now the village is inhabited with around 300 household. Development in the field of economic life could be seen in the self employment of the locale where the main occupation is focus on daily farming. As records indicates there are a number of Self Help Groups established under DRDA. Development in other field such as education was seen in 1947 with the opening of the first Primary School in 1947, Middle School in 1986 and High School in 1996. Block Development Office was established in the locality in 1975. The rivers located in the area include- Lungli river, Lui Awih, Hmawngkawn river, Venglai river, YMA river and Hnahkhar river. As sources indicates there could be as many as 6 number of resources for water.
15 THINGSULTHLIAH Thingsulthliah is one of the biggest village with its neighbouring areas where Rural Development Block is also named after it. However, the exact date or year of the village could be traced back. As far as knowledegeable, Thingsulthliah village was established before 1840 as there were inhabitants of the Hmar tribe before the the chieftainship of Lalmanga son of Suakpuilala Sailo in 1840. The name ‘thingsulthliah’ was given by the earlier inhabitants called Hmar tribe. It was named after their sacrifice for God. Development in the field of education was seen in 1908 with the establishment of the Lower Primary School in 1908. As in the field of connectivity record was made in 1951 where the first vehicle reached the village. A number of National VIP’s had visited the place which include- Shri J.C. Jamir Union Minister in 1979, Shri. Rajiv Gandhi Former Prime Minister in 1989, Shri Manik Shankar Aiyer DONER Minister in 2009. Apart from this, the prominent residents are- Shri Suakpuilala one of the famous Chief, Shrimati hangi famous song writer, Rev. Saiathanga one of the founder of Mizo Presbyterian Church, Shri Thanghuta hero of the Mizo, Shri Zasiama song writer, Shrimati Chempuii song writer and Shri Dengthanga song writer.
16 PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)
The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and indigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementing, monitoring and post- withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakeholders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping, and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionnaires. Various tools like Matrix ranking, Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation), Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers.
FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need- a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP. f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.
In view of the above points, none of the above items except Sl /No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needs are actually what they want to have.
Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme. a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Construction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.
17 PROBLEM TYPOLOGY 1 2 3 4 S. Proposed interventions to over come Problem area Problem analysis No problems 1 Soil Soil lost is immense due to direct rain Soil and moisture conservation will be Conservation drop resulting in soil erosion, done by way of construction of farm (slope, destruction of vegetative barrier, ponds, dug-out ponds, terracing, erosion, soil decreased rainfall. Top soil loss bench terracing, half moon terrace, loss, rainfall, decreases fertility of the land resulting contour trenching and planting trees, productivity , in less productivity. shifting cultivation will be controlled. etc) 2 Water Decrease in vegetative barrier In order to utilize every drop of water conservation resulted in high run off speed of rain in a meaningful way, all the streams in (water budget, water and less chance of recharging the project area will be tapped to Ground water water table. Direct sun light also irrigate farm land. Rain water will be norms, decreases the moisture content of the harvested in farm ponds, dug-out productivity) soil. Once perennial streams become ponds and water harvesting structures ephemeral. to recharge the ground water content. Check dams will be constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams. 3 Crop coverage Practice of shifting cultivation Permanent farming will be introduced – { 80% of w/s destroyed crops and vegetative in the project area by three tier area should be coverage; Sporadic wild fire also system. Canopy areas will be treated with canopy} destroyed a vast portion of land every to regenerate forest, in the second tier year. Abandoned jhum land increases horticulture will be introduced; the third resulting in less vegetative coverage tier will be covered with WRC and Terrace for Agriculture activity. 4 Agriculture Due to Loss of top soil, the The productivity will be enhanced by productivity productivity of land decreases way of multiple cropping. Permanent (crop wise tremendously, the productivity of land crops will be introduced in slope compare with in case of paddy is only 600 Kg per areas, during the gestation period dist. Average) acre, which is almost 50% less than seasonal and annual crops will be 10-15 years ago. The crop wise sown which will doubled the income of district average for major crops is as the farmer. Organic manures will be below:- used for enhancing the production as S.No Project Area Dist well as ensuring quality. Drip-irrigation Average will be provided to each farmer for (a) Paddy–600 750 irrigating crops. WRC areas will be Kg/Ac Kg/Ac provided with open or pipe irrigation to (b) Maize-800 950 enhance productivity and enable Kg/Ac Kg/Ac farmer to sow more than once in their (c) Banana–700 1000 area. Kg/Ac Kg/Ac
5 Livestock Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture land productivity animals, draught animals and small with proper management and ruminants. Lack of technical know technical inputs for livestock farming. how of animal management, Training at various identified institute remoteness of the project area and to ensure growth and productivity. lack of financial support and Developing infrastructures for infrastructure. production and marketing with logistic support. 6 Existing No employment opportunities in the Organizing the people to form SHG’s
18 Livelihood project area to earn a living except in and imparting training at various activities for jhum lands where weeding is identified institutes, Door-step training Asset less required. Lack of creativeness, at local area for Old-aged and persons training and financial support for such handicapped persons. Developing persons. infrastructures for production and marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. 7 Community The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, MHIP Training for CBO’s/ VO’s in order to Based and MUP are not aware of the enable them to facilitate the newly Organisation & importance of SHG’s and formed SHG’s and federation for their Social capital Federations and lack creativity and growth and impart sense of ownership. base innovative mind.
8 Capacity There is no proper capacity building Capacity building will be held at Building and awareness campaign. regular intervals. In order to ensure (participation, mass-participation, the time and awareness of venue should be notified in advance to watershed all concerned. community 9 Work Culture Due to the implementation of various In order to change the existing work- of Labour employment generation schemes, the culture, comprehensive plan should be force people are used to earning their worked out to ensure better profits livelihood easily without much toil and from works done by each individual. sweat. They became irresponsible Ensure market for each produce and and forget the Mizo work culture induce the spirit of ownership of every where every family is self-sufficient. work done. Every one should be made to deliver considerable effort for his and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. 10 Land During the implementation of NLUP The Village Council in consultation ownership and MIP in Mizoram, community land with Revenue Department, Pattern available for jhuming was distributed Government of Mizoram should to every family at the rate of 4 Acres. declared the allotment of land to those Even after the dis-continuance of the allotees null and void, and re-distribute programmes, the allotee usually the land to deserving families who are claimed their land allotted to them willing to take up the activities under even if they could not look after it. IWMP. 11 Connectivity of Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made Watershed authorities could not formulate plans conscious of the importance of Area and to connect every potential area with connectivity to the potential project Potential roads to ease transportation of areas. They will make fund available Areas produces resulting in heavy burden for construction of road connectivity for farmers and cultivators. under every available schemes. This will ease transportation of produces, reduce the cost of transportation and market price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets.
12 Marketing of Even though the produces of the Produces will be quantified at least produces locality is of small quantity, it became three-folded in each item to enable the too much for local consumption, but farmers to sell outside the locality. too little for outside market. Transportation arrangement will be
19 made at watershed committee level to ensure that those produces reach the market within 24 hours. 13 Storage of Due to lack of storage facilities for Cold storage facilities will be applied in produces. storing Horticulture products in local the concerned Department under the area, the products became rotten in a Government of Mizoram where every short span of time, then farmers and beneficiary will deposit their produces cultivators not only losses but are before sending them to the market. also demoralized. 14 Credit Linkage Due to lack of Banking infrastructure Bank officials will be made to in remote villages, credit linkage and participate more in the implementation banking assistance are out of reach of the project where they could fetch a for the rural populace. good return. The dormancy of service area of each banks will be made to revive, in return, the loanees will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loanees and SHG will be more profitable. 15 Lack of There are only a few training facilities Recent establishment of R-SETI at Training and institutions for the rural artisans, Zemabawk, KVK Lengpui and Infrastructure even though the existing ones are Farmers Training Centre at Selesih and almost out of reach for them due to will help upgrade the rural artisans, Institutional lack of sponsorship and financial farmers and micro entrepreneurs. Support and support for upgradation of skills. Sponsorship will be done from training Sponsorship and capacity building fund of the project. Whenever possible, private trainers will be engaged to impart in – house/Door Step training to old aged pensioner, widows and handicapped persons. Up-gradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets.
16 Sparodic Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007, Focus will be set to those areas wild fire 2008 &2009, vast bamboo forest was selected under the project to control covered with dried bamboos. Some wild fire, controlled burning and watch miscreants used to set fire causing of wild fire will be introduced. destruction of new young plants Comprehensive Plan will be evolved at coming up. Village Level to create awareness. Village Level Authority will be encouraged to punish and fine those who caused such wild fire. 17 Time Due to lack of efficient time The PIA will be advised to opened a Management management, Valuable time have Site Office within his IWMP Project been thrown away which could be Area for better co-ordination with the utilized in an efficient manner if Watershed Committees, User Group, management have been properly Self-Help Groups, and the arranged beneficiaries. All programmes of training, awareness, capacity buildings and field visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.
20
PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN
Thingsulthliah Tlangnuam TOTAL Sl.NO Name of works % Physical in Allocation in Physical in Allocation in Physical Allocation in No.& Ha rupees No.& Ha rupees in No.& Ha rupees 1 Preparation of DPR 1 1 345000 1 240000 1 585000 2 Entry Point Activities 4 5 1380000 5 960000 10 2340000 3 Institution & Capacity Building 5 LS 1725000 LS 1200000 LS 2925000 4 Productivity Enhancement 10 306 3450000 213 2400000 519 5850000 5 Livelihood for Asset less 9 276 3105000 192 2160000 468 5265000 6 Natural Resources Management 56 1718 19320000 1195 1344000 2913 32760000 7 Monitoring & Evaluation 2 LS 690000 NA 480000 NA 1170000 8 Consolidation Phase 3 NA 1035000 NA 720000 NA 1755000 9 Administration 10 LS 3450000 LS 2400000 LS 5850000 TOTAL OF SL.NO (4,5& 6, PHYSICAL) FINANCIAL OVERALL 100 2300 34500000 1600 24000000 3900 58500000
21
DPR PLAN ABSTRACT
1 year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total S. Component No Phy Fin (Rs.) Phy (No) Fin (Rs.) Phy (No) Fin (Rs.) Phy Fin (Rs.) Phy (No) Fin (Rs.) Phy Fin (Rs.) (No) (No) (No)
1 Detailed Project Report 1 5.85 1 5.85
2 Entry Point Activities 10 23.4 10 23.4
3 Institution & Capacity Building 100 2.925 500 14.625 150 4.3875 150 4.3875 100 2.925 1000 29.25
4 Production System & Micro Enterprise. 70 7.835 140 15.851 140 15.851 169 18.965 519 58.5
5 Livelihoods for Assetless 62 7.052 126 14.266 126 14.266 154 17.066 468 52.65
6 Watershed Development Works 391 43.873 787 88.773 787 88.773 948 106.181 2913 327.6
7 Monitoring LS 1.17 LS 1.17 LS 1.17 LS 2.34 LS 5.85
8 Evaluation LS 2.925 LS 2.925 LS 5.85
9 Consolidation phase LS 17.55 LS 17.55
10 Administration LS 2.925 LS 8.775 LS 15.795 LS 15.795 LS 15.21 LS 58.5
11 Physical Total of 4+5+6 523 58.76 1053 118.89 1053 118.89 1271 142.21 3900 438.75
FINANCIAL TOTAL : 585.00 Lakhs
22 PREPARATORY PHASE
AIZAWL DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF THE PROJECT : AIZAWL-XIV
Amount Estimated Name of Expenditure Expected Actual earmarked EPA Planned Cost Balance Village incurred outcome Outcome for EPA (in Rs.) Constn. of Market-shed with Rain Water harvest Thingsulthliah 738000 738000 738000 Nil 1 1 structure with Urinal 42000 Installation of Public Address System 42000 42000 Nil 1 1
600000 Constn. of 3 Nos. of Waiting-shed 600000 600000 Nil 3 3
Tlangnuam 360000 Constn. of Market-shed with 2Nos of Urinal-sheds 360000 360000 Nil 2 2
600000 Constn. of 3Nos of Waiting-sheds. 600000 600000 Nil 3 3
Total 2340000 2340000 2340000 10 10
23 Work Plan Details Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work Phase (75%) : Rs.438.75 Total Area to be treated : 3900 Ha Sl/ Watershed Development works (56%) 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total No Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin (a) Afforestation 20 2.26 40 4.573 40 4.573 50 5.469 150 16.875 (b) Horticulture 184 20.672 372 41.826 372 41.826 445 50.026 1373 154.35 (c) Land Development/WRC 27 3.013 54 6.097 54 6.097 65 7.293 200 22.50 (d) Pasture Development (e) Others (f) Soil & Moisture Conservation i. Bench terracing 19 2.109 38 4.268 38 4.268 45 5.105 140 15.75 ii. Contour & Graded Bunds 12 1.356 24 2.744 24 2.744 30 3.281 90 10.125 1. iii. Earthen checks iv. Gully Plugs/Loose boulders,Etc. (g) Water Harvesting Structure i. Farm Pond 30 3.39 61 6.859 61 6.859 73 8.2045 225 25.3125 ii. Rain Water Harvesting Structure 29 3.239 58 6.554 58 6.554 70 7.8405 215 24.1875 iii. Community Water Tank 35 3.917 70 7.926 70 7.926 85 9.481 260 29.25 iv. Others/Gravitational Pipeline 35 3.917 70 7.926 70 7.926 85 9.481 260 29.25 Sub Total 391 43.873 787 88.773 787 88.773 948 106.181 2913 327.60
* in each item of works the share of Thingsulthliah and Tlangnuam will be in the ratio of 59:41.
24
Livelihood Activities for Assetless (9%) 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin No. of Beneficiaries on farm activities 15 1.748 31 3.536 31 3.536 39 4.23 116 13.05 2. No. of Beneficiaries on off-farm 47 5.304 95 10.73 95 10.73 115 12.836 352 39.60 activities Sub Total 62 7.052 126 14.266 126 14.266 154 17.066 468 52.65 Production System & Micro Enterprise (10%) i) Sericulture 6 0.648 12 1.31 12 1.31 13 1.5695 43 4.8375 ii) Fisheries 6 0.648 12 1.31 12 1.31 13 1.5695 43 4.8375 3. iii) Beekeeping 2 0.226 4 0.457 4 0.457 5 0.5475 15 1.6875 iv) Micro-Enterprise 20 2.245 40 4.542 40 4.542 48 5.4335 148 16.7625 v) Poultry 12 1.356 24 2.744 24 2.744 30 3.281 90 10.125 vi) Piggery 12 1.356 24 2.744 24 2.744 30 3.281 90 10.125 vii) Others 12 1.356 24 2.744 24 2.744 30 3.281 90 10.125 Sub Total 70 7.835 140 15.851 140 15.851 169 18.963 519 58.5 Grant Total (1+2+3) 523 58.76 1053 118.89 1053 118.89 1271 142.21 3900 438.75
25 CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE AIZAWL DISTRICT: MIZORAM
NAME OF THE PROJECT : AIZAWL – XIV COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES
TARGET ACHIEVEMENT Target Mandas Area Name of CPR Area under Estimated WDF Actual Estimate Expected no of Treated Expenditure WDF Village Particulars the Contribution no of Expenditure Beneficiaries under the incurred TOTAL WOMEN Collected activities Beneficiaries activity Ha
After completion of the Project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e. Gravity pipeline, Open – Irrigation Channel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation Thingsulthliah phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be MIS-TABLE-M(PA) C1 collected from the beneficiaries. Tlangnuam
This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. This MIS-table is an Assets Register of the project; therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.
26
CAPACITY BUILDING INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN AIZAWL DISTRICT: MIZORAM
Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization
1 State Institute of Rural Development State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Kolasib Mizoram
2 Extension Training Centre Thingsulthliah, State Government Rural Development & Watershed Management Mizoram
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Lengpui, Central Government Home Science, Animal Husbandry , Agriculture Mizoram and allied subjects
4 Indian Council for Agricultural Research Central Government Agriculture, Horticulture and allied subjects (ICAR) Kolasib, Mizoram
5 Rural – Self Employment Training Institute Central Government Carpentry, Handloom, Knitting, Embroidery, (RSETI) Zemabawk, Mizoarm Handicraft, Shoe repair etc.
6 Industrial Training Institute (ITI), ITI Veng State Government Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Aizawl Science, Handloom & Handicraft
7 Farmers Training Center, Selesih, Mizoam State Government Livestock farming & Management
8 Weaving Centre, Luangmual State Government Weaving & Handloom 9 Fish Farmers Training Centre, Lengpui State Government Fish Farming
27
INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN
NAME OF THE PROJECT: AIZAWL – XIV
Name of Institution & Activities identified Fish Farmers Training Financial Ye Sl. Targeted Centre Lengpui, KVK R-SETI Zemabawk & ITI Target Group Target in SIRD Kolasib, ETC DWCDC Aizawl & ar N Beneficiaries Selesih & Farmer Aizawl, Weaving Centre lakhs Thingsulthliah SLNA Mizoram Training Centre Luangmual. Selesih 1 PIA & WDT Concept of IWMP Watershed 2 Concept of IWMP Committee 3 SHG & UG Concept of IWMP ` Mobilization of Resources 4 Beneficiaries Concept of IWMP Management & Convergence 5 PIA, WDT & WC Concept of IWMP
Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans Formation of SHG Management of products Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers Formation of SHG Animal Husbandry II Gardening & Crop Multiple Cropping & 3 Formation of SHG Production Crop Husbandry Micro Entrepreneurs Marketing, Skill upgradation & 4 Formation of SHG & Petty Trade Skill development Watershed Formulation of 5 Formation of SHG Committee Action Plan
Credit Linkage and Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans Formation of UG Mobilization Management of products Credit Linkage and Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers Formation of UG Mobilization Animal Husbandry III Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage and Multiple Cropping & 3 Formation of UG Production Mobilization Crop Husbandry Credit Linkage and Marketing, Skill upgradation & 4 Micro Entrepreneurs Formation of UG Mobilization Skill development 5 Petty Trade Credit Linkage and Formation of UG
28 Mobilization
Credit Linkage and Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans Formation of SHG Mobilization Management of products Credit Linkage and Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers Formation of SHG Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage and Multiple Cropping & IV 3 Formation of SHG Production Mobilization Crop Husbandry Credit Linkage and Marketing, Skill upgradation & 4 Micro Entrepreneurs Formation of SHG Mobilization Skill development Credit Linkage and 5 Petty Trade Formation of SHG Mobilization
Credit Linkage and Skill upgradation & 1 Rural Artisans Formation of SHG Mobilization Management of products Credit Linkage and Skill upgradation and 2 Livestock Farmers Formation of SHG Mobilization Animal Husbandry Gardening & Crop Credit Linkage and Multiple Cropping & 3 Formation of SHG Production Mobilization Crop Husbandry V Credit Linkage and Marketing, Skill upgradation & 4 Micro Entrepreneurs Formation of SHG Mobilization Skill development Credit Linkage and 5 Petty Trade Formation of SHG Mobilization Exit Protocol, PIA & Watershed Consolidation of the 6 withdrawal Committee Project mechanism TOTAL
* The PIA of the Project and Watershed Committee concerned will sponsored trainees to KVK, FTC, R-SETI and ITI Aizawl as per the rate prescribe by the institution
* PIA & WC are advised to arrange training at their locality for handicapped, old aged, widows etc by engaging trainers.
29
BASIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT LOCATION
Location of the watershed
Name of the district Aizawl Name of the Mandal/Block Thingsulthliah RD Block Name of the Gram Thingsulthliah, Tlangnuam Name of the habitations Thingsulthliah, Tlangnuam Panchayat (s) Longitude 92052’10.99”E – 92051’00.89”E Latitude 23041’0.24”N – 23041’53.55”N
Elevation from MSL:
Highest elevation in the Lowest elevation Relief/ Height watershed (above MSL) 3409ft MSL in the watershed 1076ft MSL difference (mt) 2333ft (above MSL)
30 MAP OF THE PROJECT
31 32 33 34 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS
District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.
Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.
Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.
35 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA
Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team (2) Independent and well knitted organization. (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee
Weakness: (1) No permanent office building within the project area. (2) Project area is located about 2-5 hrs drive from PIA’s headquarter. (3) Over burdened with other schemes like, MGNREGA, SGSY, IAY and Election Matters. (4) No experience Watershed Management.
Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS
Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.
36 DETAILS OF PIA, AIZAWL – XIV
Name BDO Address Thingsulthliah WDT Members: 1 Zorammawia 2 Vanlalfeli 3 Lalmuanpuia 4 CMS Dawngliana
WATERSHED COMMITTEE PROVISIONAL
WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Thingsulthliah
SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 President MUP
WATERSHED COMMITTEE PROVISIONAL
WATERSHED COMMITTEE: Tlangnuam
SL.No Representatives Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YMA 4 President MHIP 5 President MUP
37 CONVERGENCE PLAN OF IWMP WITH OTHER SCHEMES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made available Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the to IWMP due to included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken decision for with Schemes No Village convergence 15,000 per ha with converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$
Fund will be ear marked for
this purpose during MG-NREGA Connectivity to Potential Area V/C Thingsulthliah formulation of AAP under No
MG-NREGA.
Existing activity will be enhanced with the project SGSY/NRLM and SHG under SGSY will be Block/Village No fund, SGSY , NRLM and MKSP Fund. MKSP identified, under IWMP level 1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the same, convergence of the two programmes relating to financial assistance will be as 1 follows: (a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000 Tlangnuam approximately. (b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under IWMP is Rs.10950. (c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one NLUP unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be Implementing
assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and Board & SLNA NLUP WDF & User charges No those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900 under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP will decreases gradually. (d) The quantum of assistance to be received from the two programmes shall not exceed Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.
2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the
38 selected watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this provision, necessary Watershed contribution as WDF and user charges should Committee be contributed by NLUP beneficiaries. level & Village 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as Level collection centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop- one village theme.
39 EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Expected Outcomes
Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash-and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented.
The major outcomes expected are –
i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community.
ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season.
iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 50% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise.
iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community participation in
40 watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets.
v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.
vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state.
vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas.
viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building
ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance.
x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas.
xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.
Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole.
41
EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name of the Unit of Pre – project Sl NO Item Expected Post-project Status Remarks Project measurement Status Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation and Status of water table Metre season treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 233.2 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 580 Ha will be irrigated by tapping Increase in irrigation potential Ha streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha - ii) Area under double crop Ha - 106 1 Aizawl-XIV iii) Area under multiple crop Ha 155 740 Net increase in crop production area Ha 1500 Kg/ Ha 3000 Kg/Ha Increase in area under vegetation Ha 220 524 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 155 740 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 70 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 35 78 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 144 1354 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 40000 Migration 103+15+8+8 Persons/year 134 - SHG Federations formed No 1 6 Credit linkage with Banks No 14 78 Resource use agreements No - 16 WDF collection & management Rupees - 2354250 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.
42 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)
Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan.
Goals of monitoring: 1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization.
Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans.
Goals of evaluation: 1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible. For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:-
i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.
There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators.
Social audits will from an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWCDC will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.
43 CAPACITY BUILDING INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF IWMP IN AIZAWL DISTRICT: MIZORAM
Sl no Name of Institution Type Specialization State Institute of Rural Rural Development & 1 Development Kolasib State Government Watershed Management Mizoram Extension Training Centre Rural Development & 2 State Government Thingsulthliah, Mizoram Watershed Management Krishi Vigyan Kendra Home Science, Animal 3 (KVK) Selesih, Mizoram Central Government Husbandry , Agriculture and allied subjects Indian Council for Agriculture, Horticulture and 4 Agricultural Research Central Government allied subjects (ICAR) Kolasib, Mizoram Rural – Self Employment Carpentry, Handloom, 5 Training Institute (RSETI) Central Government Knitting, Embroidery, Zemabawk, Mizoarm Handicraft, Shoe repair etc. Industrial Training Institute Motor Mechanic, Electrician, 6 (ITI), ITI Veng Aizawl State Government Computer Science, Handloom & Handicraft Farmers Training Center, Livestock farming & 7 State Government Selesih, Mizoam Management Weaving Centre, Weaving & Handloom 8 State Government Luangmual
44
PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES
ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum
(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52
2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc
(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level
2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum
(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70
3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.
(a) In cement mortar 1:3
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm
TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65
4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum
1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.
45
ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY
1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil
½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum
(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum
2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.
6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm
(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96
3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.
6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum
TOTAL = 0.4815 cum
(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00
4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc. e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.
4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm
(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.
46 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum
(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20
2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.
20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm
(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56
3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete
30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm
TOTAL = 1180 Rm
(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only
47 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE
Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil
20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932
(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85
SAY = Rs.11280.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only
48 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED
1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum
(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum
2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.
6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm
(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96
3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.
6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum
(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00
4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating
3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm
(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.
49 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum
(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77
2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level
2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum
(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70
3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65
4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum
1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only
50
DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES
1. DRAWING FOR GI WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS
HEART WOOD POST
30 M
40 M
GI WIRE
51
2.PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY
SPACE FOR PIC HEART WOOD POST 1.20 X 1.80 2.40 m
3.60m
PLAN
GCI SHEET ROOF
0.90m
1.20 m
1.20 m
0.60 m
0.90 m
FRONT ELEVATION
52
3.PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK
1.80 m
BRICK WALL
1.20 m BRICK WALL
2.50 m
53
4.PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED
HEART WOOD POST
SPACE FOR CHICKEN 2.40 m
3.60 m
PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING
1.20 m
0.90 m G.L
0.90 m
FRONT ELEVATION
54 5.DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND
1.80 m
2.50 m
PLAN
G.L
BRICK WALL 1.20 m
PCC 1:2:4
ELEVATION
55
6.PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE
TERRACE 12.60 X 1.20 1.20 m
0.30
m
12.60 m
HILL SLOBE
TERRACE
CROSS SECTION
56 AN IDEAL MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP
I- TIER. RIDGE
AREA
AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES
II- TIER HORTICULTURE Ephemeral CROP AREA Streams become Perenial
SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING, HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.
II I – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA
AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)
RIVER / RIVULETS
57 58
59