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Introduction to "Solaris" Translated from Polish by Lech Keller Stanislaw Lem Is Unquestionably One of the Greatest Authors of SF in the Global History of This Genre
Acta Polonica Monashiensis Volume 2 Number 2 December 2002 Wojciech Kajtoch Introduction to "Solaris" Translated from Polish by Lech Keller Stanislaw Lem is unquestionably one of the greatest authors of SF in the global history of this genre. Thus inclusion of his works to the reading list1 is certainly a gesture, which acknowledges the reality. One could also regard this inclusion as an ennoblement of a genre, so far virtually ignored by the school administration because of its "lowly" origin (i.e. Verne's fantastic novels, targeted mostly for young people, and American "pulp" SF magazines of the 1930s). There are also different claims, namely that "Solaris" (and this novel is virtually unanimously regarded as the best work of Lem, the work, which introduced his works to the list of "must-read" books), is not really SF. The main reason is that "Solaris" can be read and interpreted as a psychological novel, thus in this context Lem is a "real", i.e. "mainstream" writer, actually not much interested in science and technology. In short: Lem is strictly speaking a "high brow" writer, rather than a "lowly" SF writer. It should be also noted the lack of regard to the cultural background (or its arbitrary selection), which was frequent in the interpretation of the post-Second World War literature, and common in the Polish secondary schools habit of reading every literary text as a direct reflection and appraisal of the real world. This way we have compiled a catalogue of the dangers threatening analysis of "Solaris', as it is done at the classes of Polish literature. -
Trends in the Development of Trolleybus Transport in Poland at the End of the Second Decade of the 21St Century
Transport Geography Papers of Polish Geographical Society 2018, 21(4), 44-59 DOI 10.4467/2543859XPKG.18.023.10781 Received: 30.09.2018 Received in revised form: 14.12.2018 Accepted: 15.12.2018 Published: 31.12.2018 TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF trOLLEYBUS traNspOrt IN POLAND at THE END OF THE SECOND DECADE OF THE 21st CENTURY Trendy rozwojowe transportu trolejbusowego w Polsce pod koniec drugiej dekady XXI wieku Marcin Połom Department of Regional Development Geography, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 4 st., 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Połom M., 2018, Trends in the development of trolleybus transport in Poland at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 21(4), 44–59. Abstract: Trolleybus transport played a changing role in Poland. Historically, these were both periods of dynamic development and rapid regression. The article analyzes the period from 2004 to 2018. An attempt was made to systematize and organize information on the development of trolleybus transport in this period. The available scientific literature as well as the economic, organizational and technological conditions for the functioning of trolleybus transport were analyzed. The analyzed period was undoubtedly a time of dynamic development of all three existing trolleybus systems in Poland. The structural funds of the European Union played a significant role in this, allowing to revitalize neglected and underinvested systems. At the same time, climate change has influenced global and local conditions in terms of the approach to transport in cities. -
Questioning the Techno-Savior
Questioning the Techno-Savior: Interpreting the Effects of Techno-Scientific Expansionism on Twentieth-Century Poland Through the Fiction of Stanislaw Lem Melika Hadziomerovic College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida This project examines the fiction of Poland’s most renowned science fiction author, Stanislaw Lem, in order to gain a broader understanding of his interpretations of scientific modernity and technology. It argues that Lem focuses on the ideological properties of modernity in the twentieth century. Lastly, it further relates Poland’s exposure to the techno-scientific regimes of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia to the genealogy of science fiction in order to gain a better understanding of Lem’s fiction. An inherent assumption of scientific modernity is that vulnerability to imperialistic fervor and its universalizing technology functions in the best and planned interests of approach to human experience. humanity. However, breakthroughs in the field also Lem’s admitted attempts to “reconcile the contradictory tellingly lead to dominion over natural and social orders. elements of realism and fantasy” suggest that a historical- This can be seen in the use of military technology during cultural analysis of his work is appropriate (“Reflections” the twentieth century that has complicated both the 1). We can think of Lem’s fiction as symbolizing historical assumption that scientific mastery always benefits events just as trauma memories (following Freud’s humanity, and the conviction that an invention’s design interpretations) fictionalize events in the traumatized equals its practical implementation. How, then, do cultures psyche. Furthermore, Lem’s intellectual fascination with forcefully introduced to scientific modernity through the hard sciences (both biological and physical) drives him military aggression interpret its instruments? Further, what to analyze the nature of technologically driven regimes and insights do the literary artifacts that discuss and/or human nature empirically. -
No. Regist Name Built Year O Year O Scrapp Other
No. Regist Name Built Year O Year O Scrapp Other 016 VVS 043 Scania L111 1977 2011 Scania L111 6311 DU-MJ 85 Mercedes-Benz O305 1979 2011 Officially written-off 2008/09. Remains in the bus garage in non-working condition. 1387 BNA 387 Škoda 9TrH29 1981 2011 Retired from regular passenger service in winter 2005/06. 2579 BNA 579 Škoda 14Tr01 1982 2011 2410 BNA 410 Škoda 14Tr02 1983 2011 2013 2406 BNA 406 Škoda 14Tr02 1983 2011 2407 BNA 407 Škoda 14Tr01 1983 2011 1412 BNA 412 Škoda 14Tr02 1983 2011 2014 1575 BNA 575 Škoda 14Tr01 1983 2011 06.1993: retired from regular service in Plzen <br>1994: overhauled in Zlin 1425 BNA 425 Škoda 14Tr02 1984 2011 2014 Vilnius 1984 - 19.11.2014 Zhytomyr 11.04.2015 - ... 2421 BNA 421 Škoda 14Tr02 1984 2011 1417 BNA 417 Škoda 14Tr02 1984 2011 2569 BNA 569 Škoda 14Tr05 1984 2011 2014 2423 BNA 423 Škoda 14Tr02 1984 2011 1424 BNA 424 Škoda 14Tr02 1984 2011 ? ? Retired 06.2013. Scrapped 10.2016-02.2017. 2571 BNA 571 Škoda 14Tr05 1984 2011 2017 2017 1568 BNA 568 Škoda 14Tr05 1984 2011 2570 BNA 570 Škoda 14Tr05 1984 2011 2422 BNA 422 Škoda 14Tr02 1984 2011 2426 BNA 426 Škoda 14Tr02 1985 2011 2433 BNA 433 Škoda 14Tr02 1985 2011 446 ZVK 973 Ikarus 280.33 1985 2011 2582 BNA 582 Škoda 14Tr07 1985 2011 1434 BNA 434 Škoda 14Tr02 1985 2011 2019 2019 1411 BNA 411 Škoda 14Tr07 1985 2011 2014 26.01.1995 retired from regular service in Presov 2428 BNA 428 Škoda 14Tr02 1985 2011 1438 BNA 438 Škoda 14Tr02 1985 2011 2106 BNA 576 Škoda 14Tr05 1985 2011 1429 BNA 429 Škoda 14Tr02 1985 2011 2017 2017 2101 BNA 601 Škoda 14Tr05 1985 2011 2107 BNA 467 Škoda 14Tr05 1985 2011 2572 BNA 572 Škoda 14Tr07 1985 2011 1577 BNA 577 Škoda 14Tr07 1985 2011 2014 6076 EJK 127 DAF MB200 / Horten 1985 2011 Reworked to technical bus 2007/2009, <br /> in service 2001 - ~2004/2005; <br /> started working as a technical bus in 2009. -
Heterotopia of the Film Solaris Directed by Andrei Tarkovski
Heterotopia of the film Solaris directed by Andrei Tarkovski Nicolae Sfetcu April 17, 2019 Sfetcu, Nicolae, "Heterotopia of the film Solaris directed by Andrei Tarkovski", SetThings (April 17, 2019), DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15910.68169, MultiMedia Publishing (ed.), URL = https://www.setthings.com/en/heterotopia-of-the-film-solaris-directed-by-andrei-tarkovski/ Email: [email protected] This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/. A partial translation of: Sfetcu, Nicolae, "Filmul Solaris, regia Andrei Tarkovsky – Aspecte psihologice și filosofice", SetThings (2 iunie 2018), MultiMedia Publishing (ed.), DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24928.17922, URL = https://www.setthings.com/ro/e-books/filmul-solaris-regia-andrei-tarkovsky-aspecte- psihologice-si-filosofice/ Heterotopia of the film Solaris directed by Andrei Tarkovski Jonathon Rosenbaum notes that Tarkovsky's Solaris, (Andrei Tarkovsky 1972) unlike Lem's novel, (Lem 2012) is rather anti-science fiction than science fiction. (Rosenbaum 1990, 60) Rosenbaum suggests that while the film is denying our archetypal space travel, the main concern is the psychological investigation of Kris Kelvin, while trying to rediscover a lost humanity in the face of technology and science. (Duffy 2003) As Tarkovsky noted, ”l am interested above all in the character who is capable of sacrificing himself and his way of life - regardless of whether that sacrifice is made in the name of spiritual values, or for the sake of someone else, or of his own salvation, or of all these things together.” (Andrey Tarkovsky 1996, 217) Andrew Tarkovsky's Solaris (1972) film can also be approached through the philosophy of mind, of key questions in this area. -
Oracle Demonstration Services Addendum
Oracle Solaris Development Addendum to the Oracle PartnerNetwork Agreement This Oracle Solaris Development Addendum (the "addendum") is between you and the Oracle entity with which you entered into the Oracle PartnerNetwork Agreement ("Oracle") and shall be governed by the terms of the Oracle PartnerNetwork Agreement between Oracle and you (the “agreement”) and the terms set forth below. Definitions used in the agreement shall have the same meaning under this addendum, unless expressly stated otherwise. If there is a direct conflict between a term of this addendum and a term of the agreement with regard to the subject matter of this addendum, the terms of this addendum shall prevail. 1. Definitions. For the purposes of this addendum only the following definitions shall apply: The term “application program” refers to an application program developed by you which complies with the following requirements: (a) the application program must be generally commercially available to commercial customers and must not be intended for the exclusive use of a specific end user or group; (b) the application program must be accompanied by end user documentation; (c) the application program must be on your commercial price list; and (d) the application program must be supported by your technical support organization. The term “integrated software” refers to software which is essential to the functionality of Oracle hardware (e.g. firmware) including any patches, updates and user documentation that are provided to you. The term “Solaris operating system” refers to the Solaris operating system software, including any patches, updates and user documentation, that Oracle provides to you under this Addendum. -
PRESS RELEASE Even More Electric Solaris Buses Off to Katowice
ul. Obornicka 46 , Bolechowo-Osiedle 62-005 Owińska Tel.: +48 61 66 72 333 Fax: +48 61 66 72 310 [email protected], www.solarisbus.com PRESS RELEASE Even more electric Solaris buses off to Katowice Bolechowo/ Katowice, 17.06.2020 Representatives of local transport operator Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Miejskiej (PKM) in Katowice and Solaris Bus & Coach S.A. signed on Monday a contract for the delivery of five e-buses Solaris Urbino 12 electric. Therefore the 10 electric buses already commissioned by the capital of Silesia will be joined by another set of environmentally friendly vehicles. At the beginning of the year, Solaris supplied five articulated Urbino 18 electric buses to the PKM operator. In a few weeks, 5 twelve-meter electric buses shall be delivered. Meanwhile, on Monday, the parties signed a contract for another five electric Urbino 12 electric to be supplied in the second quarter of 2021. The value of the contract amounts to PLN 12.4 million (ca. 3,1 million EUR). Apart from the vehicles as such, Solaris is to provide also five stationary plug-in charging devices. The electric buses for Katowice will be driven by a 160 kW central traction motor. The energy needed to propel the vehicles will be stored in a set of batteries of the latest generation - Solaris High Energy+, boasting a total capacity of 237 kWh. They will be recharged using a plug-in connector and a so-called inverted pantograph - power collectors will be installed on the roof of vehicles, to which the pantograph, permanently mounted on the mast of the stationary charger, will be lowered for the duration of the recharging process. -
Newsletter ANG114.Cdr
POLSKA POLAND POLSKA POLAND POLSKA POLAND POLSKA POLAND POLSKA POLAND POLSKA POLAND POLSKA POLAND NEWSLETTER March 19th 2009, number 114 NEWS FROM THE EDITOR MINISTER OF TREASURY'S VISIT Stockholm with the delivery of 28 Solaris Urbino Dear Readers! TO THE MIDDLE EAST 12 CNG for Busslink, the city's main bus operator. Polish Information and Foreign Investment Monday was the last day of the Minister of Busslink, owned by a French transport group Agency invites you to participate in a conference Treasury's Aleksander Grad two-day visit in Keolis and Greater Stockholm transport authority on the prospects for development of renewable the United Arab Emirates. The main goal of Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, operates a fleet of energy in Poland. More information can be the visit to the Middle East was to promote the 1,500 buses throughout the metropolitan region. found in the News section. Today we inform also privatization programme planned for the The new Solaris buses will have Iveco engines about the increase of foreign direct investments years 2008-2011, as well as to meet with running on environmentally-friendly biogas. inflow to Poland in January in comparison with potential investors. Completing the recent Scandinavian contracts is last year, and we present the results of a survey of The Minister of Treasury, Aleksander Grad, has an order from Denmark. Arhus Sporveje operates Polish-German Chamber of Industry and presented to the Arab investors 22 companies bus services in Denmark's historic port and Commerce in which foreign investors have from the privatization list. Companies university city of Arhus on behalf of tendering recognized Poland as the best place to invest in presented in the United Arab Emirates included authority Midtrafik. -
Press Information
SOLARIS Bus & Coach S.A. ul. Obornicka 46, Bolechowo-Osiedle, 62-005 Owiska, Poland Tel. +48 61 6672 333, Fax +48 61 6672 310 [email protected] Press Information Solaris at Busworld Kortrijk 2013: ready for Euro 6 and all-day electric operation Solaris is ready for Euro 6 with diesel and gas engines from its partners DAF and Cummins New DAF MX-11 diesel engine will be standard specification for heavy-duty applications For midibuses and hybrid buses, Cummins supplies the ISB diesel engine Solaris continues to offer a compressed natural gas/biogas option with the Cummins ISLG From 2014, the next generation of Urbino buses will more than offset any weight increases Solaris Urbino electric now with an automatic system for conductive fast charging Charging system guarantees an operational range similar to conventional diesel buses (Kortrijk, 17 October 2013) At this year’s Busworld Kortrijk, Solaris presents its expanded offer of solutions for sustainable public transport. Two years after the premiere of the first Solaris electric bus, the company unveils further innovations. The Solaris Urbino 12 electric at the show is equipped with a new automatic roof-mounted system for conductive fast charging. A Solaris InterUrbino 12 with Cummins ISB6.7E6 engine and a Solaris Urbino 18 with DAF MX-11 unit represent Solaris’s range for the Euro 6 emissions standard. Solaris: ready for Euro 6 As an independent bus builder, Solaris aims to work in stable and mutually beneficial relationships with its key component suppliers. To ensure that all Solaris buses can be reliably offered across all markets, Solaris will focus on engines from independent suppliers at Euro 6. -
Solaris Biggest Manufacturer on Electric Bus Market in Europe Bolechowo, 15.08.2019
ul. Obornicka 46 , Bolechowo-Osiedle 62-005 Owińska tel: +48 61 66 72 333 fax: +48 61 66 72 310 [email protected], www.solarisbus.com/ PRESS RELEASE Solaris biggest manufacturer on electric bus market in Europe Bolechowo, 15.08.2019 Thanks to three large orders placed by customers from Berlin, Warsaw and Milan, Solaris has claimed the lead spot in Europe in terms of contracts for electric buses in 2019. The electric revolution in the bus segment coincides with the company’s long-term strategy which assumes investments in particular in the development of alternative drives. In the first months of 2019, Solaris secured three large orders for the supply of electric buses to Berlin (BVG), Milan (ATM) and Warsaw (MZA). A total of up to 470 vehicles will roll off the assembly line in Bolechowo to these three metropolises alone. In addition, the producer has contracted 90 more electric buses that are to make its way to other European cities. The Polish manufacturer accounts for a total of 25% electric buses for which European carriers have called tenders in 2019. The firm has thus taken the lead in Europe in terms of contracts landed for electric buses. The European fleet currently comprises approximately 3500 electric buses, while barely five years ago their total number equaled merely 240. This marks a nearly 15-fold increase! The European Union policy is certainly conducive to raising the need for zero-emission vehicles. At the end of 2018, the European Parliament set itself the goal to ensure that in 2025, 50% of all new city buses are electric, whereas in 2030 that share is supposed to climb to 75%. -
An Attractive Value Proposition for Zero-Emission Buses in Denmark
Fuel Cell Electric Buses An attractive Value Proposition for Zero-Emission Buses In Denmark - April 2020 - Photo: An Attractive Line Bloch Value Klostergaard, Proposition North for Denmark Zero-Emission Region Buses. in Denmark Executive Summary Seeking alternatives to diesel buses are crucial for realizing the Danish zero Zero–Emission Fuel Cell emission reduction agenda in public transport by 2050. In Denmark alone, public transport and road-transport of cargo account for ap- proximately 25 per cent of the Danish CO2 emissions. Thus, the deployment of zero emission fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) will be an important contribution Electric Buses for Denmark. to the Danish climate law committed to reaching 70 per cent below the CO2 emissions by 2030 and a total carbon neutrality by 2050. In line with the 2050 climate goals, Danish transit agencies and operators are being called to implement ways to improve air quality in their municipalities while maintaining quality of service. This can be achieved with the deployment of FCEBs and without compromising on range, route flexibility and operability. As a result, FCEBs are now also being included as one of the solutions in coming zero emission bus route tenders Denmark. Danish municipalities play an important role in establishing the public transport system of the future, however it is also essential that commercial players join forces to realize the deployment of zero-emission buses. In order to push the de- velopment forward, several leading players in the hydrogen fuel cell value chain have teamed up and formed the H2BusEurope consortium committed to support the FCEB infrastructure. -
Fuel Cell Electric Buses Are in Operation Between Versailles and Jouy-En-Josas
INFORMATIONAL April 2020 Fuel Cell Electric Buses An attractive value proposition for zero emission buses in France Zero–Emission Fuel Cell Buses for France Van Hool fuel cell electric buses are in operation between Versailles and Jouy-en-Josas 2 Executive Summary France has recognized the importance of sustainable transportation. With the knowledge that mobility is a key contributor to air pollution, there is immense pressure to reduce CO2 emis- sions. Evidence of this is the ban on diesel and petrol car sales from 2040 and the strategy for clean mobility put forward in the “Loi de Transition Energétique pour la Croissance Verte.” French cities are also leading initiatives to reduce local emissions, such as Paris’ ambition to ban diesel cars as early as 2023. There is no doubt that the future of public transportation is going to be zero emission. Transit agencies and operators in France are being called to find ways to improve air quality in their communities while maintaining quality of service. The choice that faces cities and transit au- thorities is what technology to deploy. Transit operators can consider two zero emission elec- tric bus solutions: fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) or battery electric buses (BEBs). FCEBs are electric buses which offer all the benefits of BEBs while facilitating large scale de- ployments. FCEBs fueled with hydrogen are the only zero-emission technology to match diesel fleets with complete route flexibility, short refueling time and similar depot space utilization. With more than 15 years on the road and millions of kilometers in passenger service, FCEBs have proven their performance.