Irish Opinion and the American Revolution, 1760-1783 Vincent M0rley Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 0521813867 - Irish Opinion and the American Revolution, 1760-1783 Vincent M0rley Index More information

Index

Abercromby, Colonel Ralph, 305 stamp act (1765), 52–4, 58, 66, 95, 104, Abernethy, Rev. John, 34, 35–6 151, 210, 246 Abingdon, Willoughby Bertie, 4th earl of, stamp act congress, 57 145, 300, 301, 303, 313, 322 Townshend duties (1767), 59, 68, 70, absentees, 43–4 95, 210 Adams, John, 112, 153 United States of, 167, 251, 273 Adams, Samuel, 114, 144, 146 see also individual colonies Adare, Co. Limerick, Volunteers in, 312 Andr´e,Major John, 252 Admiralty, 143–4, 302, 319 Anglicans Alexander, Rev. Andrew, 214–15 disaffection among, 294 Algiers, 110 historiography of, 14–16 America loyalty of, 78–81, 198, 218–22, 240, Anglican views of, 18, 22, 23, 62, 244, 249–55, 268–9, 275, 277–9, 71–81, 95–6, 98–106, 125–6, 144–8, 285–7, 295–7, 327, 328, 333–4 153, 161–3, 164, 168–9, 220, 222, opinion of, 16–27, 52–4, 77–8, 95–6, 245–6, 249–54, 267, 269, 274–5, 98–106, 126, 150–3, 161–3, 168–9, 277–9, 326 171–7, 231–3, 237–40 Articles of Confederation, 146 see also patriotism Catholic views of, 89, 106–15, 131, Anne, queen, 5–6, 26, 34, 210 133–7, 166–7, 169, 184–6, 228, anticlericalism, 26 236–7, 256–8 Antrim, county, 38, 83, 116, 159, 163, Continental Congress, 73, 84, 87, 106, 189, 217, 244 114–15, 117, 123, 126, 127, 144, election (1776), 119–21, 124, 190–1, 146, 163, 172, 173, 185, 253, 333 321 emigration to, 31, 32–3, 82–3, 85, grand jury, 292 116–17, 127 Volunteers in, 270 example of, 60, 95, 209–10, 218, 294, see also Ballymoney, Belfast, 330–4 Carrickfergus, Cullybackey, Larne, French alliance, 170, 172, 173, 175, Lisburn 184, 185, 189, 191, 198, 216, 241, Antrim, Randal MacDonnell, 6th earl of, 252, 269, 274, 275 116, 140 independence, 106, 121–5, 146, 147, Archdall, Nicholas, MP, 23 148–50, 163–7, 172–3, 185, 219, 280, Armagh, city, 147, 164 292, 300, 327, 329 Volunteers in, 233 Irishmen in, 115, 117, 174, 251 Armagh, county, 3, 13, 38, 50–1, 63, 115, non-importation agreements in, 53, 60, 120, 166, 217, 224, 238–9, 244 210, 237 Volunteers in, 242, 280–1, 287–9 Presbyterian views of, 31–3, 81–5, see also Armagh city, Lurgan, Moira 115–25, 127, 163–5, 169, 212, army, 14, 19, 43, 60, 61, 72, 101, 216, 214–16, 218, 249–51 247, 308 quartering act (1765), 60 attacks on soldiers, 90–4, 127–9, 142, slavery in, 85, 114 181–3, 255–7, 271–2, 315

352

Index 353

augmentation of (1768), 58–63, 95 privateering, 192–3, 268 clashes with civilians, 88, 90–4, 127–9, publications, 114, 117, 118, 164, 179 142, 183, 226, 255–6, 271, 315, 328 sermons preached in, 35–7, 212–13 desertion from, 140–2, 183, 235, 256, Steelboys in, 83, 90 257, 259–60, 261, 305, 311 Volunteers in, 176, 190, 198–9, 212–13, encampment of, 171, 205 239, 248, 250, 265, 268, 270, Kilmainham pensioners, 141 299–300, 303, 320, 321–3 recruitment, 45, 87–8, 92, 93, 94, 116, Belfast News-Letter, 83, 84, 98, 118, 121, 137–43, 171, 234–5, 258–62, 305, 122, 164, 190, 242, 250, 286, 287, 307–8, 312 321, 326 reliability of, 260–1, 294 Bellamont, Charles Coote, 5th earl of, sent overseas, 93, 104–5, 140–1, 154, 100, 116 211, 297, 332 Beltra, Co. Sligo, 315 and Volunteers, 225, 270, 275, 325 Belturbet, Co. Cavan, 160 see also fencible regiments, mutiny bill Beresford, John, MP, 153, 165, 171, 225, Arnold, Brigadier General Benedict, 300 110–11, 112, 252, 283 Beresford, Marcus de la Poer, 276n Association movement, 248, 281 Bernard, Francis, 52, 57 Athboy, Co. Meath, 265 Bernard, James, MP, 244n Aughrim, battle of, 26, 126 Black, Rev. Robert, 288 Augusta, princess of Wales, 65 Blackstone, Sir William, 131, 267 Austria, 177, 178, 199, 200, 213 Blaquiere, Sir John, 101, 103, 104, 106, Austrian Netherlands, 272 115, 152, 246 Austrian Succession, war of, 7, 36 Blennerhasset, Arthur, MP, 244n Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 1st viscount, Bahamas, 127 75 Bailyn, Bernard, 330 Boston, Mass., 53, 62, 72, 80, 86, 93, 99, Ballinasloe, Co. Galway 100, 107–8, 109, 111, 112, 114, 138, Volunteer convention, March 1782, 292, 147, 229, 275 312–13 port act (1774), 84 Volunteer convention, July 1782, 296, ‘tea party’, 76, 84 299 Bouill´e,Fran¸cois-Claude-Amour,marquis Ballyellin, Co. Carlow, 88 de, 284 Ballyhack, Co. Wexford, 315 Bowdoin, James, 73 Ballyhalbert, Co. Down, 123, 164 Boyd, Hugh, 121–2 Ballymoney, Co. Antrim, Volunteer review Boyle, Henry, 1st earl of Shannon, 24–7, (1782), 323 37–8, 40, 41, 44, 82, 151 Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny, 88–9 Boyne, battle of the, 26, 65, 126, 215 Ballyshannon, Co. Donegal, 152 Bradstreet, Sir Samuel, MP, 204, 223, Banbridge, Co. Down, Volunteers 277–8, 279 in, 233, 323 Brest, 166, 180 Bangor, Co. Down, 292 Brian B´oirmhe, king, 316 Bantry, Co. Cork, 234 Brien, John, 182 Baptists, 30 Bristol, 195, 196, 198, 204 Barber, Rev. Samuel, 215–16 Bristol, George William Hervey, 5nd earl Barrett, Raymond, 330 of, 58–9 Barry, Barry, MP, 87, 155, 157, 162, 165 Bristow, Roger, 289 Bavarian Succession, war of, 178 British empire, 40, 98, 120, 148, 158, 172, Beckett, J.C., 28 223, 257, 288, 300 Beckford, William, MP, 52 dismemberment of, 277–8, 281, 282 Belfast, 29, 127, 190, 196, 263, 326 loyalty to, 37–8, 106, 153, 165, 169, illuminations of, 32, 163, 250, 268 175, 190, 191, 233, 252–3, 279, 294 meetings in, 82, 83–4, 118–19, 120–1, unrest throughout, 62–3, 70–1, 74–5, 124, 216, 224, 238, 243, 264–5, 292 79–80, 95–6 opinion in, 211–12, 217 views on structure of, 21, 212, 220

354 Index

British empire (cont.) Cashel, Co. Tipperary, 183 see also England, Great Britain, Volunteers in, 256 Westminster parliament Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Volunteers in, 328 Browne, Colonel Arthur, MP, 87–8, 155 Castletownshend, Co. Cork, 193 Brownlow, William, MP, 166 Castlewellan, Co. Down, Volunteers in, Bruce, William, 36, 37, 38 215n Bruce, Rev. William, 242–3 Catholic Committee, 10, 45, 66, 129–30, Buckinghamshire, John Hobart, 2nd earl 133–4, 155, 156–7, 181, 186, 187, of, 135, 143, 152, 158–9, 161, 163, 236, 237, 270–1, 272, 273, 311, 332 168, 171, 172, 181, 186–9, 195, 198, Catholic relief, 48, 86, 87, 103, 135, 199, 200, 207, 220–1, 223, 228, 231, 156, 180, 202–3, 276, 285, 310, 232, 233, 236, 241, 243, 247–8, 254, 314, 329 257, 259, 260, 261, 265, 272, 274 Gardiner’s act (1778), 132, 187–9, 191, Bunker Hill, battle of, 107, 147 209, 227, 238, 241 Burgh, Walter Hussey, MP, 102, 105, 157, Gardiner’s act (1782), 308–11 161, 223, 229–30, 232, 293, 291, 295 Catholics, 88, 126, 127, 245 Burgoyne, General John, 109, 135, 149, disaffection among, 48–50, 63, 66, 161–4, 168, 275, 277, 296, 325 88–90, 96, 107, 138, 143, 153, 160, Burke, Edmund, MP, 75, 100, 144, 145, 166–8, 180, 182, 188, 194–8, 203, 146, 149, 156, 188, 203 228, 236, 254–5, 271–2, 276, 282, Bushe, Gervase Parker, MP, 73 283–4, 294, 315 Bute, John Stuart, 3rd earl of, 32, 59, éliteopinion, 45, 63, 66–8, 85–6, 89, 65–6, 74, 79, 95 129–37, 138, 156, 169, 170–1, Butler, Edmund, MP, 167 186–9, 191, 233–7, 270–1, 276, Butler, James, Catholic archbishop of 284–5, 311–12, 328, 329, 332 Cashel, 88, 94, 186 historiography of, 1–3 Butler, Robert, 89 and oath of allegiance, 129–33, 189 Butler, Rev. Samuel, 224 and patriots, 229–30, 257–8, 276, Buttimer, C.G., 3n 310–11 Byron, Vice-Admiral John, 174 Penal laws against, 3, 9, 14, 85, 87, 107, 185, 236, 276, 288, 309 Cahill, Fr Alexander, 88 popular opinion, 1, 3–14, 45–7, 63–8, Cahir, James Butler, 9th baron, 186 85–90, 106–15, 177–86, 197–8, Caldwell, Sir James, 221 199–203, 225–30, 281–4, 312–15, Camden, battle of, 251 316–17, 329, 332 Canada, 40, 86–7, 110, 114–15, 117, 120, Protestants’ fears of, 22, 33, 34, 44, 49, 122, 147, 188; see also Montreal, 61, 62, 63, 68, 154–7, 211, 213, 214, Quebec, Trois Rivières 215, 254–5 Cappoquin, Co. Waterford, 142 recruitment of, 45, 87–8, 137–8, 140, Carey, Matthew, 237 143, 154, 155, 187 Carleton, General Sir Guy, 114, 117, 122 in Volunteer corps, 234–6, 312, 314, Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 8th earl of, 332 257, 261, 262, 263–4, 266, 270, see also Jacobitism 272, 273, 274 , 285, 289, 290–1, Cato’s Letters,19 292–3, 309 Cavan, county, 116, 157, 165, 217, peace commission, 172, 191, 199, 204, 292, 296 217, 231, 240, 246, 274, 275 grand jury, 237 Carlos III, king of Spain, 179 see also Belturbet Carlow, county 88; see also Ballyellin, Cavan, Major General Richard Lambart, Carlow, town 6th earl of, 140 Carlow, town, 94, 303 Cavendish, Sir Henry, MP, 159–60 Carpenter, John, Catholic archbishop of Charlemont, James Caulfield, 1st earl Dublin, 94, 128, 187, 234 of, 115, 224, 263, 265, 288, 293, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, 235 294, 297, 308, 320, 321, 325, Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim, 47, 190, 326, 328 217, 232 Charles I, king, 34, 67, 126

Index 355

Charles III, Charles Edward Stuart, 5, 8, mobin, 181 9, 47, 64, 65, 67, 96, 111, 112, opinion in, 11, 238, 271–2 131–2, 157, 180, 200, 204n, 258, privateering from, 193, 196, 318 283, 312, 333 publications, 98, 179, 269 Charleston, S.C., 32, 83, 147, 150, 235, recruitment in, 87, 93, 138, 140 250–1, 252, 256–7, 280 soldiers attacked in, 93, 94, 128, 182, Chatham, 1st earl of, see Pitt, William 255, 271 Church of Ireland, see Anglicans Volunteers in, 177, 233, 250, 291, 327, Clanricarde, John Smith de Burgh, 11th 328 earl of, 293 Cork, county, 7, 46, 63, 65, 183, 198, 244, Clare, county, 5, 55, 107, 111, 112, 171, 257, 282 229, 281, 314, 316 grand jury, 207, 237 grand jury, 237 see also Bantry, Castletownshend, Cork see also Ennis, Six-mile-bridge city, Cove, Kinsale, Youghal Clark, J.C.D., 12, 30 corn export bill (1765), 54–8, 60 Clinton, General Sir Henry, 174, 250–1, Cornwallis, General Charles, 2nd earl, 253, 275, 283 251, 261, 269, 274–5, 277, 279–80, Clonard, chevalier de, 195 286 Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, 49, 50, 154, corruption, 19–20, 40, 75, 105, 145, 150, 179, 311 151, 211, 214, 280–1, 286 soldiers attacked in, 181–2 Cove, Co. Cork, 141 Volunteers in, 182, 291 Cox, Sir Richard, MP, 21–2, 42 Clonmel Gazette,98 Craftsman,75 Cockburn, Lieutenant-Colonel, – 284 Crawford, Rev. William, 213–14 Coleraine, Co. Derry, 119, 125 Creighton, Rev. James, 254 Volunteers in, 248 Crombie, Rev. James, 190, 212–13, 214, combinations act (1780), 235, 239 217 Common Sense, 122, 145, 146 Cromie, Sir Michael, MP, 152 Commonwealth, the, 29, 30 Cromwell, Oliver, 38, 126, 170, 191 Concord, battle of, 32, 89, 95, 97, 98, Crosbie, Lord John, 137 107, 115, 125, 126 Crosley, Locker, 318 Confederate Catholics, 3, 44, 58, 136, Culloden, battle of, 8, 26, 34, 126 217; see also Eoghan Rua ON´´ eill, Cullybackey, Co. Antrim, Volunteers in, rebellion of 1641 249 Connacht, 108, 139, 199, 247, 305 Cumberland, William Augustus, 3rd duke Volunteers in, 292, 295–6, 299, of, 126 312–13 Cummins, Daniel, 255 see also individual counties Cummins, George, 255 Connaught Journal,98 Cund´un,Se´an,50 Connecticut, 73 Cunningham, Lieutenant-General Robert, Connolly, S.J., 2, 15, 177 234 Connor, Charles, 142 Curry, John, 10, 45, 48, 67, 133, Conolly, Thomas, MP, 102, 232, 245, 167, 186 278, 294 Curtin, Nancy, 31 Conoran, – (privateer captain), 195 Cushing, Thomas, 73 Conway, Denis, Catholic bishop of Limerick, 235 Daly, Denis, MP, 159, 165, 167, 224, Conway, General Henry Seymour, 291 232, 245 Coote, Guy Moore, MP, 311 Darcy, Patrick, MP, 44 Cope, Lieutenant-General Sir John, 8 Dawson, Thomas, MP, 120 Coppinger, John, 196, 318 declaratory act (1720), 254, 290, 293, Cork, city, 127, 170, 171, 195, 198, 208, 294–5, 298, 299–300, 301, 306, 314, 305, 326 320, 321, 324, 325 American sympathisers in, 271, 272 Defenders, 258 grand jury, 237 Delaney, Martin, 255 merchants, 158, 170, 270–1, 272–3 Delap, Rev. Hugh, 215

356 Index

Delap, Rev. Samuel, 34 Dublin, city, 36, 45, 46–7, 102, 132, 156, Dennis, James, MP, 103 171, 235, 248, 263, 277, 288, 299, de Paor, Liam, 3n 308, 317, 318, 326, 328 Dermot, Anthony, 186 Aldermen of Skinner’s Alley, 76–7 Derry, city, 64 Board of Aldermen, 43, 242, 264, 286 illuminations of, 250, 251 butchers and Ormond boys, 90, 92, 93, meetings in, 217 94, 129, 142, 207, 256 opinion in, 177, 234, 323 Common Council, 43, 118, 125, 149, publications in, 164, 179 207, 241, 262, 264, 286 siege of, 26, 191, 214, 215 elections in, 19–21, 76–7, 91, 290 Volunteer review (1781), 265 Free Citizens, Society of, 75–6, 86, Volunteers in, 32, 177, 191, 238, 250, 126, 150 251, 320 guilds, 43, 54–5, 149, 242 Derry, county, 83, 102, 119, 232, 234, illuminations of, 176, 238, 268, 295 245, 278 impressment in, 143–4, 183, 262 grand jury, 237 Liberty Boys, 90 see also Coleraine, Derry city, lord mayor of, 56, 81, 143, 264, 286, 325 Magherafelt meetings in, 118, 224, 248–9, 292, 297 Dickinson, John, 60, 72, 80 merchants, 127, 158, 159, 192, 194–5, Dickson, David, 138 225 Dickson, Rev. William Steel, 123, 164–5, mobin, 11–12, 27, 70–1, 127, 142, 144, 211, 213, 214 162, 181, 183, 207, 225, 227–9, Digby, Admiral Robert, 275 257 Dillon, Arthur, comte de, 284 Newgate prison, 91, 318–19 Dillon, Henry, 11th viscount, 186 privateering from, 192–3 Dissenters, see Presbyterians publications, 97–8, 114, 121, 145, 300 Dobbs, Francis, 238, 242, 243, 265, 288, recruitment in, 140, 300, 304 295, 307, 309, 322 sermons preached in, 174–5, 224 Donegal, county, 115, 139, 166, 244, 311; soldiers attacked in, 91–4, 127–9, 142, see also Ballyshannon, Raphoe 182, 255, 256, 257, 315 Donegall, Arthur Chichester, 5th earl of, Volunteers in, 194, 224, 226, 228, 239, 83, 84 247–9, 250, 263, 265, 266, 268, 270, Dorset, Lionel Cranﬁeld Sackville, 1st 291, 296, 298, 301, 302, 303, 304, duke of, 26 306, 307, 312, 325–7 Down, county, 13, 83, 116, 121, 123, Dublin, county, 49, 76, 102, 106, 120, 164, 189, 216, 231, 264–5 166, 241, 264, 296, 298 grand jury, 243 grand jury, 237 Volunteers in, 211, 215–16 see also Dublin city, Fingal, Lusk, Rush, see also Ballyhalbert, Banbridge, Bangor, Skerries Castlewellan, Downpatrick, Dromore, Dublin Evening Journal, 164, 180 Dundonald, Echlinville, Newry, Dublin Evening Post, 176, 205, 208, 224, Newtownards, Rathfriland 241, 265, 287, 291, 293, 295, 297, Downpatrick, Co. Down, 217 307, 317, 325, 327 Dowley, Charles, 92 Dublin Gazette,98 Dowling, Patrick, 194, 195, 196, 318, Dublin Mercury, 66–8, 98, 114, 133 334 Duff, Patrick, 318 Downey, Patrick, 92 Duigenan, Patrick, MP, 312, 334 Doyle, David, 3n Dundonald, Co. Down, 121 Drennan, William, 32 Dungannon, Co. Tyrone Drogheda, Charles Moore, 6th earl of, 174 Volunteer convention, February 1782, Drogheda, Co. Louth, 179, 234, 296 280–1, 286–91, 295, 309, 310, mobin, 181, 256, 315–16 312–14 Volunteers in, 316 Volunteer convention, June 1782, 289n, Drogheda Journal,98 296, 299 Dromore, Co. Down, 288 Dunkirk, 193–6

Index 357

East India Company, 220 Finn’s Leinster Journal, 81, 97, 98, 137, Echlinville, Co. Down, 211 174, 179, 195, 204, 221, 222, 327 Eden, William, MP, 266, 269–70, 272, Fintona, Co. Tyrone, 80 273–4, 309 Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 286 elections Fitzgibbon, John, MP, 159 by-elections, 19–21, 76–7, 91, 290, 321 Fitzpatrick, Richard, MP, 293 general, 41–2, 104, 119–21, 124, 151–2, Flood, Henry, MP, 55, 208, 221, 223, 288, 244, 289, 290 291, 293, 294, 295 England, 6, 12, 14, 16, 21, 26, 29, and Catholic relief, 310–11 32, 64, 74, 82, 108–9, 117, 141, in ofﬁce, 102, 152, 153, 168 166, 178, 232, 251, 280, 282, 296, and ‘renunciation’, 299–302, 304, 306, 297, 314 314–15, 321–3, 324, 329 Anglo-Scottish union, 18, 221 Fontenoy, battle of, 218, 329 attitudes towards Ireland in, 153, Forbes, John, MP, 81, 223, 277, 208 279, 295 Bank of, 205 Forbes, William, 81 Church of, 12, 30, 220 Ford, Luke, 6 decline of, 218, 221 forfeited estates, 18 immigrants from, 20, 24 Fortescue, James, MP, 135 Ireland’s subordination to, 17, 18, 22, Foster, John, MP, 106 23, 125 Foster, Roy, 28 see also British empire, Great Britain, Fox, Charles James, MP, 293, 295 Westminster parliament France, 6, 7, 10–11, 40, 44, 48–9, 63, 64, English language, 50, 95, 107, 110–11, 68, 180, 216, 217, 219, 228, 272, 113, 132, 133, 179–80, 227, 244, 273, 276, 332, 334 281–2 and American war, 135, 153, 164–8, Ennis, Co. Clare, 55 169, 170–4, 177–81, 184, 185, Volunteers in, 316 186–8, 189–93, 197–8, 200–3, 212, Ennis, Fr H., 166–7, 180 215, 216, 234, 246, 249–50, 257, Essex Gazette, 97, 98, 114 258, 259, 262, 269, 275, 276, 279, Estaing, Jean-Baptiste, comte d’, 179 280, 282n, 284, 295, 329 Eutaw Springs, battle of, 286 see also Irish brigades executions, 50, 92, 93, 129, 141, 182, Franklin, Benjamin, 73, 167, 193, 194, 305, 317 197, 212, 246 Eyrecourt, Co. Galway, 315 ‘free trade’, 193, 203–4, 208, 210, 216–17, 218, 220, 222, 223–30, 231, 232, Falkland Islands, 109, 139 238, 239, 240, 242–3, 244, 245, 246, Farran, Christopher, 193–4 249, 252, 258, 262, 263, 275, 279, fasts, ofﬁcial, 46–7, 156, 164, 174–6, 236, 280, 309, 332 284–5 Freeman’s Journal, 53, 54, 59, 60, 68, Faulkner’s Dublin Journal, 53, 98, 162, 173, 71, 72, 75, 77, 85, 98, 99, 114, 115, 252, 275 116, 129, 136, 144, 145, 147, 148, Felipe V, see Philip V 152, 154, 156, 157, 158, 161, 188, fencible regiments, 298, 302, 304, 305–8, 193, 205, 206, 226, 235, 239, 315–17, 323, 329 266, 279 desertion from, 308, 315 French, Robert, MP, 157 soldiers attacked, 315–16, 323, 325 Froude, J.A., 28, 90 Ferguson, Adam, 31, 145–6 Fermanagh, county, 186, 244–5 Gage, General Thomas, 93, 107, 109–10, grand jury, 292 114, 147 Ferrol, Thomas, 182 Galtee mountains, 48 Field, John, 334 Galway, city, 90, 98, 157, 179, 198, 232, Fingal, Arthur James Plunkett, 7th earl of, 233, 313 132, 133–4, 186, 237 soldiers attacked in, 182, 256, 272, 315 Fingal, Co. Dublin, 196–7 Volunteers in, 253, 272, 301

358 Index

Galway, county, 108, 159, 223, 233, hostility towards, 7–8, 13, 109, 184, 244, 245 206, 209 grand jury, 207 Ireland’s subordination to, 20–4, 31, see also Ballinasloe, Eyrecourt, Galway 42–3, 51, 59–60, 103–4, 246–7 city, Loughrea loyalty towards, 38, 160, 165, 219, 238, Galway Evening Post,98 252, 255, 320 Gardiner, Luke, MP, 102, 106, 132, 158, Whig opposition in, 101, 176, 293, 295 165, 187–8, 231, 285, 308, 309; see see also British empire, England, also Catholic relief Westminster parliament Gates, General Horatio, 251 Greene, General Nathanael, 269, 283, Geale, Benjamin, 76, 91 286, 332 George I, king, 26, 34, 35 Grenada, 200 George II, king, 7–8, 10, 36, 46 Grenville, George, MP, 52, 58 George III, king, 39, 40, 45, 46, 47, 59, Grenville, William, MP, 324, 325 64, 65, 66, 69, 95, 96, 108, 129, 130, ‘Guatimozin’, see Jebb, Frederick 133, 153, 156, 157, 171, 178–9, 186, 187, 189, 202, 215, 223, 237, 241, habeas corpus, 16, 44, 58, 96, 119, 263, 243, 280, 285, 296, 313, 316–17, 264, 278, 298 320–1 Haliday, Dr Alexander, 263 Georgia, 249, 252, 253; see also Savannah Halifax, George Montague, 5th earl of, 45 Germain, Lord George, 24, 138, 141, 143, Hamilton, William, 52 172, 220, 223, 231, 232, 260 Hampden, John, 26, 82, 84, 213 Germantown, battle of, 174 Hancock, John, 112, 146, 153 Gibraltar, 183, 250 Hand, James, 93 Glasgow, 204 Hanover, 7–8, 10, 11, 21, 45, 57, 64, 109, Glass, Charles, 90 178, 282 Goold, George, 270–1, 272 Hanoverian succession, 9, 29, 132, 136 Gordon, Thomas, 75, 95 Harcourt, Simon, 1st earl of, 89, 101–2, Gormanstown, Anthony Preston, 11th 115, 123, 127, 133–4, 135, 137, viscount, 132, 134, 186 139, 140–1, 143, 150, 152, 155, Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd 158, 161 duke of, 68 Harrington, James, 36, 148 Granard, George Forbes, 5th earl of, 140 Hartley, Travers, MP, 290 Grattan, Henry, MP, 15, 81, 161, 162, Hastings, Adrian, 4n 208, 221, 239, 274, 293, 294, 295, Hay, John, 212 306, 307 Hearts of Oak, see Oakboys and America, 246, 274 Hearts of Steel, see Steelboys and Catholic relief, 188, 310 Henry, Rev. William, 21 and ‘free trade’, 223, 231 Heron, Sir Richard, 143, 155, 163 hostility towards, 314–15, 322, Hervey, Frederick Augustus, 7th earl of 323, 326 Bristol and Anglican bishop of Derry, and legislative independence, 245–7, 180 279, 288, 289–90, 291 Hibernian Chronicle,98 and naval recruitment, 297, 303, 304 Hibernian Journal, 75, 98, 126, 134, 143, and ‘renunciation’, 301, 302, 306 146, 148, 152, 153, 156, 160, 166, support for, 229–30, 307, 320, 321 240, 252, 278, 279, 301, 302, 307, Great Britain, 19, 62, 80, 82, 95, 119, 120, 324 121, 135, 144, 148, 149, 165, 166, Hibernian Magazine, 76, 86, 130–1, 145, 167, 175, 177, 186, 198, 220, 221, 146–7, 149, 154, 174, 200, 228, 250, 225, 235, 249, 253, 257, 294, 299, 251, 252, 262, 318 303, 306, 319 Hill, Jacqueline, 16 Catholic relief in, 187–8 Hillsborough, Wills Hill, 1st earl of, 22–3, defeated in America, 278, 279, 282–4, 116, 231, 242, 243, 272, 285, 289, 285, 287, 329 292 decline of, 213 Hobkirk’s Hill, battle of, 286

Index 359

Hoey, James, 66–8, 114, 133, 157 Jebb, Frederick, 209, 222, 240, 242, 266–7 Holland, see United Provinces Jefferson, Thomas, 253 Hood, Admiral Sir Samuel, 297, 318 Jenkinson, Charles, MP, 100 Horan, James, 225 ‘John the Painter’, 149 Howe, Richard, 4th viscount, 149, 191 Johnson, Samuel, 146 Howe, General Sir William, 111, 122, 123, Jones, John Paul, 189, 201–2, 313 141, 146, 147, 163, 191 Jones, William Todd, MP, 332 Howth, Co. Dublin, 273 Joseph II, emperor, 199 Hutcheson, Francis, 31, 36, 37 judges, tenure of, 44, 58, 59–60, 95, 96, Hutchinson, John Hely, MP, 78, 80, 263, 264, 288, 298 208, 238 Junius’s Letters,75 Hyder Ali, 283 Kells, Co. Meath, 65 Inchiquin, Murrough O’Brien, 5th earl of, Kelly, John, 192–3, 195, 317, 334 307, 316 Kelly, Timothy, 318 independence, Irish, 78, 79, 124, 180, Kenmare, Thomas Browne, 4th viscount, 203, 209–10, 211–12, 216, 217–18, 137, 138, 186, 237 222, 240, 254–5, 276, 286, 334 Kennedy, Rev. Gilbert, 35, 36 Independent Whig,19 Keppel, Admiral Augustus, 176, 320 India, 40, 283 Kerry, county, 5, 63, 110, 138, 244, 281; Inglis, Fr Liam, 11 see also Tralee, Ventry Inistioge, Co. Kilkenny, 231 Kilcullen, Co. Kildare, 142, 183 instructions to MPs, 216–17, 223–4, 239, Kildare, county 238; see also Kilcullen 241, 244–5, 248, 263, 264, 267, 288, Kilkenny, city, 49, 97, 137, 179, 233, 290, 291 238, 317 invasion, 7, 8, 209, 265, 276, 278 soldiers attacked in, 88, 255–6, 328 alert, 1715, 34 Volunteers in, 250–1, 306, 328 alert, 1759, 11–12, 14 Kilkenny, county, 49, 88, 152, 167–8, 238 alert, 1779, 198–9, 200–1, 229, 233–5 Volunteers in, 154 alert, 1781, 265, 269–71 see also Ballyragget, Inistioge, Kilkenny fears of, 153, 157, 160, 171, 174, 188, city, Newmarket 189, 211, 214, 215, 216, 254–5 King, William, Anglican archbishop of hopes for, 109–11, 112, 167–8, 178, Dublin, 17 199, 218 Kingsborough, Robert King, lord, 244 Irish brigades, 50, 63, 112 Kingston, Edward King, 1st earl of, 244 French, 6, 11, 61, 166, 200, 257, 284, Kinsale, Co. Cork, 64, 138, 271 312, 334 Kirkpatrick, Rev. James, 29, 35 Spanish, 6, 7, 61, 109 Knight, Matthew, 196, 317 Irish language, 2–3, 133, 169, 178, 179, Knox, William, 80 208, 227, 281–2 Irwin, General Sir John, 138, 141, 189, Lamb, Neale, 92 231, 259, 270–1 land tax, 76 Langrishe, Sir Hercules, MP, 72–3, 105–6 Jacobitism, 3–11, 13, 22, 34, 35, 46–7, Larne, Co. Antrim, 127 50, 65, 66, 67, 96, 99, 110, 112, La Touche, James Digges, 20, 36, 43 113, 130, 131, 132, 168, 180, 200, Laud, William, archbishop of Canterbury, 226, 229, 230, 258, 276, 284, 310, 126 312, 317, 333; see also Charles III, Lecky, James, 127 James II, James III Lecky, W.E.H., 2, 15, 28, 49, 90 Jamaica, 140 Lee, General Charles, 146, 313, 332 James I, king, 131 Leerssen, Joep, 15 James II, king, 17, 22, 67, 130, 132, 136, Leeward Islands, 272 155, 213, 214, 310–11, 314 Leinster, 2, 48, 65, 139, 154, 247, 305 James III, James Francis Edward Stuart, 5, Volunteers in, 296 6, 7, 47, 64, 96, 129 see also individual counties

360 Index

Leinster, William Robert Fitzgerald, 2nd Lurgan, Co. Armagh, 292 duke of, 102, 105, 239, 247, 286, Volunteers in, 249 304, 326 Lusk, Co. Dublin, 196 Leitrim, county, 244, 264, 292; see also Luttrell, Henry Lawes, MP, 74 Carrick on Shannon Leland, Rev. Thomas, 175–6 Macartney, Sir George, MP, 59, 79 Leslie, Brigadier-General Alexander, 269 Macatter, Edward, 194 Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, 34 McAuley, Alexander, 43 Lexington, battle of, 32, 77, 95, 97, 98, McBride, Ian, 28n, 31 125, 126, 147 McBride, Captain John, 302, 303, 304 Limerick, city, 98, 113, 127, 179, 238, 313 McBride, Rev. John, 33 illumination of, 233, 251 McCarthy, – (privateer captain), 195 privateering from, 193 Mac Cathail, Seán,109 recruitment in, 137–8, 234, 303, 311–12 Mac Craith, Aindrias, 8, 312 siege of, 227 Mac Craith, M´ıcheál,3n treaty of, 136 Mac Cumhaigh, Art, 13, 51, 64 Volunteers in, 251, 291, 301, 312 McDavitt, Philip, Catholic bishop of Limerick, county, 7, 8, 112, 234 Derry, 234, 235 Volunteers in, 154 Mac Domhnaill, Raghnall Dall, 4 see also Adare, Limerick city, Mungret Mac Domhnaill, SeánClárach,7 Lincoln, Richard, Catholic archbishop of McDowell, R.B., 2, 15, 28 Dublin, 46 McGuire, James, 16 Lisbon, 282 MacMahon, John, 167 Lisburn, Co. Antrim, 190, 243, 260, McMahon, Fr Thomas O’Brien, 112–13 323, 332 Macpherson, James, 145 Volunteers in, 243 Madden, Samuel, 18, 210 Liverpool, 204 Madison, James, 273 Locke, John, 17, 20, 35, 37, 77, 84, 331 Magee’s Weekly Packet, 128 London, 65–6, 126, 176, 197, 221, 222, Magherafelt, Co. Derry, Volunteers in, 292, 318 249 Gordon riots, 252 Magna Carta, 26, 75, 126, 310 impressment in, 143 Maguire, Denis, Catholic bishop of livery addresses and petitions, 86, 146, Kilmore, 186 280, 281, 286 Malone, Anthony, MP, 26 Lucas in, 19, 20, 56 Malplaquet, battle of, 214 publications, 58, 97–8, 112–13, 145 Manchester, 204, 227 London Gazette, 98, 186 Mann, Isaac, Anglican bishop of Cork, 234 Londonderry, see Derry Maryland, 134 Londonderry Journal, 32, 84, 85, 98, 117, Massachusetts, 52, 57, 70, 72, 73, 80, 87, 118, 121, 123, 163, 164, 173, 174, 97, 114, 147; see also Boston, 191, 194, 203, 286, 301, 325 Concord, Lexington Longford, county, 171, 238, 296, 301, 312 Mayo, county, 244, 292 Volunteers in, 312 grand jury, 207, 237 Loughborough, Alexander Wedderburne, see also Castlebar 1st baron, 313 Meath, county, 45, 65, 109, 199, 244, Loughrea, Co. Galway, 315 265, 296 Louis XIV, king of France, 5 grand jury, 207, 292 Louis XV, king of France, 7–8, 47 see also Athboy, Kells Louis XVI, king of France, 111, 185, 199, mercantilism, see trade restrictions 202, 313 Midleton, George Brodrick, 4th viscount, Louth, county, 106, 135, 264; see also 158 Drogheda Milesius, 4, 112n, 184n, 282 Lucan, Charles Bingham, 1st baron, 293 militia, 14, 44, 58, 60, 62, 96, 105, 171, Lucas, Charles, 15, 18–22, 23, 27, 36, 40, 190 41–2, 52, 54–6, 57, 61, 70, 71, 72, ‘Miller, the’, see Bruce, Rev. William 75, 79, 96, 126, 152, 209 Moira, Co. Armagh, Volunteers in, 286

Index 361

Moira, John Rawdon, 1st earl of, 174, 251, 166, 168, 181, 223, 244, 293, 297, 286 298, 300, 301 Molyneux, William, 15, 16, 17–18, 20, 99, Newfoundland, 6 103, 124, 153, 330 Newhaven, William Mayne, 1st baron, 205 Monaghan, county, 120 Newmarket, Co. Kilkenny, 49 grand jury, 237 Newry, Co. Down, 127, 164, 179, 186, see also Monaghan town 217, 289, 296, 331 Monaghan, town, 98, 292 Volunteers in, 242, 270, 295 money bills Newry Chronicle,98 1753, 24–7, 37–8, 81 Newtownards, Co. Down, 292 1769, 68–71 Volunteers in, 191 1779, 216, 223–4, 227–8, 230, 231, 232 Ninety-Six, S.C., 286 ‘Monks of the Screw’, 312, 327 non-importation agreements, 205–10, 213, Montgomery, Alexander, MP, 115, 161, 216, 219, 223, 224, 239, 241, 311 248–9, 275 Montgomery, Brigadier General Richard, North, Frederick North, lord, MP, 121, 115, 117, 121, 122, 146, 147, 149, 140, 145, 149, 153, 163, 170, 172, 161, 166, 311 177, 191, 273–4, 293, 298, 321, 329 Montreal, 117 fall of, 280, 287, 292, 308, 311, 332 Montserrat, 103 and Ireland, 101, 143, 150, 160, 187, Morres, Redmond, MP, 76, 91, 102 203, 206, 231–3, 242, 275 Morrisson, Nicholas, 196–7 North Briton,75 Mountmorres, Hervey Morres, 2nd North Carolina, 252, 269 viscount, 73 Nugent, Robert Nugent, 1st earl, 203–4 Mungret, Co. Limerick, 184 Munster, 2, 48, 93, 108, 109, 127, 139, Oakboys, 50–2, 83 154, 189, 199, 247, 269–70, 303, O´ Buachalla, Breandán,3n, 13 305, 312 O´ Ciardha, Eamonn,´ 3n Volunteers in, 303 O´ Coileáin,Seán,257–8 see also individual counties O’Connell, Maurice, 2, 239 Munster Journal,98 O’Connor, Captain – , 284 Murphy, John, 93 O’Conor, Charles, 8, 9–10, 47, 48, 67, 85, mutiny bill, 16, 90 130, 134, 167, 234, 284 British mutiny act, 260 O’Conor, Dr Charles, 284 limited mutiny bill, 265, 274, 298 O’Conor Don, Dominic, 234 perpetual mutiny act (1780), 247, 248, octennial act (1768), 59, 62, 78, 82, 258, 260, 263, 267–8, 288, 290, 297 126, 150 OD´´ abhoireann, Uilliam an Chreatháin, Nantes, 127 107, 109 nationalism, 3–4, 50, 109, 112, 113, 315 OD´´ alaigh, Séamas,112, 184–5, 199 ‘colonial’, 1, 15, 16, 19, 29 O’Daly, William, Catholic bishop of navigation acts, see trade restrictions Kilfenora, 5–6 navy, royal, 63, 176, 196, 273, 319 OD´´ uill, Maoileachlainn, 314–15 impressment, 143–4, 183, 262 O´ Fearghail, Brian, 108 recruitment for, 297, 300, 302–5, 312, O´ Flaitheartaigh, Eamonn,´ 183–4, 197–8 315, 321–2 Ogle, George, MP, 105, 155, 162, 165–6, Nevill, John, 272 188, 232, 233, 285, 293 Nevill, Thomas, 272 O’Gorman, Thomas, 113 Nevis, 103 Oh´ Ainle,´ Labhrás,315 New England, 53 O’Halloran, Sylvester, 113, 188, 313 New Jersey, 122, 252 O’Hara, Charles, MP, 1n, 100 New York, 53, 60, 83, 122, 133, 147, 148, O´ hIarlaithe, Fr Liam, 46 149, 192, 252, 253, 269, 273, 280; O´ hIfearnáin,Liam Dall, 47 see also Saratoga O’Leary, Fr Arthur, 131–2, 135–6, 167, Newenham, Sir Edward, 49, 76–7, 83–4, 185–6, 200–2, 229, 313–14, 327 86, 105, 113, 120, 126, 154, 161–2, O´ Lionnáin,Uilliam, 281–2

362 Index

OM´´ ıocháin,Tomás,111–12, 201–2, and America, 54, 57, 70, 71–5, 76–7, 229–30, 283–4, 316–17 121, 125–6, 150, 153, 163–4, 173–4, O´ Muirithe, Diarmuid, 3n 209–10, 246, 326 O´ Muláin,Seán,282–3 anti-Catholicism of, 49, 68, 86, 96, ON´´ eill, Eoghan Rua, 217 113–14, 185, 188–9, 191–2, 241, ‘O’Nial, Owen Roe’, see Pollock, Joseph 308–9, 310–11, 328 O´ Rathaille, Aogán,5 and Catholic relief, 208–9, 215, 217–18, O’Reilly, General Alexander, 109 227, 241, 255, 270, 276, 309–10, O’Reilly, Michael, Catholic archbishop of 329, 332 Armagh, 10 and loyalism, 270, 295–7 OR´´ ıordáin,Conchubhar, 65 Paul, Rev. Thomas, 174–5 OS´´ uilleabháin,Eoghan Rua, 110–11, peace preliminaries, 308, 325–6 177–9 Pennsylvania, 53, 60, 218; see also Otis, James, 53 Germantown, Philadelphia O´ Tuama, Seán,7 pension list, 43, 76, 96, 119, 150, 162, 263, 298 Paine, Thomas, 122, 145, 146, 300 Peru, 237 Paris, 166, 167, 180 Pery, Edmund Sexton, MP, 40, 52, 180, peace of, 46 293 Parker, Admiral Sir Peter, 253 Philadelphia, 83, 114, 144, 145, 163, 185, parliament (Irish), 58, 59, 69, 86, 129, 197, 326 150, 152, 155, 165, 171, 188, 189, Philip II, king of Spain, 148 205, 214, 216, 222, 223, 228, 231, Philip V, king of Spain, 7 248–9, 252, 263, 264, 274, 285, Philippe d’Orléans,regent of France, 7 294, 300, 302, 320 Philippines, 40 House of Commons, 10–11, 20, 54, 56, Pitt, William, 1st earl of Chatham, MP, 62, 68, 78, 83, 87, 102, 113, 151, 58–9, 77, 99, 103, 120, 121, 126, 155, 158–9, 161, 162, 180, 210, 133, 144, 146, 150, 163, 172, 252, 216, 223, 232, 233, 247–8, 266, 300, 325 273, 277–8, 289, 297, 308–11 Pitt, William, ‘the Younger’, MP, 325 House of Lords, 62, 73, 103, 105, 239, Plunkett, Patrick Joseph, Catholic bishop 308–9, 323–4, 325 of Meath, 236 Jacobite parliament (1690), 58, 310 Plymouth, Devon, 319 legislative independence of, 44, 99, 124, Pollock, Joseph, 217–18, 240, 242, 258, 125, 209, 223, 240, 241–7, 262–3, 288, 295, 309, 322 264, 265, 267–8, 275, 288, 289–94, Ponsonby, John, MP, 102, 104 300, 302, 306, 307, 309, 315, 321, Portland, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 322, 323–5, 332 3rd duke of, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, limitation of, 41, 42–3, 58, 59, 82, 96, 298, 304, 311, 314, 318 301, 320, 321 Portsmouth, Hampshire, 149 placemen and pensioners in, 19, 58, 76, Portugal, 148–9, 282n, 288 77, 96, 119, 151, 265, 298 Poynings’ law, 22, 56, 69, 78, 119, 241, and taxation, 16, 24–5, 41–2, 44, 69–71, 243, 244–5, 247, 253, 262–3, 264, 85, 99, 103, 136–7, 150–1, 231, 330 267, 277–8, 288, 290, 297, 298 see also elections, octennial act, union prerogative, royal, 36, 53, 55, 158 parliamentary reform, 119, 150, 239, Presbyterians, 127, 134, 164 296, 298–9, 301–2, 320, 321, Anglicans’ fears of, 51–2, 333–4 325, 327, 332 disabilities of, 33–4, 320 Parnell, Sir John, MP, 231 disaffection among, 115–16, 143, 266, patriot clubs, 38 294 patriots, 15–16, 40–4, 54–8, 69–71, 75–6, historiography of, 27–9 80, 82, 119–21, 151–3, 154–7, loyalty of, 189–91, 198–9, 320–1 165–6, 176–7, 232, 240–9, 262–7, ‘new lights’, 35–6, 37 274, 275, 287–94, 298–302, opinion of, 29–39, 81–5, 115–25, 163, 327, 332 189–92, 210–18, 238, 320–3

Index 363

regium donum, 28, 34 Revolution, Williamite, 1, 6, 9, 14, 15, 17, Synod of Ulster, 39, 320–1 84, 107, 112, 130, 131, 136, 200, unrest among, 51–2 213, 230, 309, 310–11, 330, 332 see also patriotism, sacramental test Reynolds, James, 133, 155, 181 press, 85, 97–8, 118, 128–9, 146–8, Richardson, John, 119, 120 179–80, 266 Ridge, John, 100, 156 Preston, William, 147 Rivington, James, 146 Price, Richard, 144, 145, 146 Robertson, Rev. William, 31 privateers, 192–8, 268, 317–19, 334 Robinson, Christopher, 51 Amazon, 192 Robinson, Richard, Anglican archbishop of Anti-Briton, 317–19 Armagh, 239 Black Prince, 194, 195 Roche, Major Boyle, MP, 94, 137, 138 Black Princess, 194 Roche, John, 318 Calonne, 196 Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, Count de Guichen, 196 2nd marquess of, 176, 292, 293, 294, Dreadnought, 195, 317 300, 303, 320, 321, 329 Dublin, 192 Rodney, Admiral Sir George, 183, 250, Fame, 192 253, 268, 295, 297, 320 Fantasie, 196 Rome, 180 Fearnot, 194 Roscommon, county, 234, 244 Furet, 195 Roscrea, Co. Tipperary, 154 Harlequin, 268 Ross, Ralph Gore, 1st earl of, 140 Independence, 318 Rush, Co. Dublin, 192, 193–4, 196, Nancy, 195 317–19 Princesse de Norrice, 195 Russell, Lord William, 26, 213 Phoenix, 196 Russia, 179 Reynard, 318–19 Ryan, Lieutenant – , 257 Tartar, 195 Ryan, Francis, 255 Privy Council Ryan, George, 196 British, 54–8, 69, 157, 267, 288, 297 Ryan, Luke, 194, 195, 196, 197, Irish, 54–8, 59, 69–70, 74, 92, 150, 318, 334 152, 181, 267, 272, 278, 288, 295, 297 Sackville, Lord George, see Germain, Lord Prussia, 178 George Pulleine, James, Catholic dean of sacramental test, 33–4, 36, 39, 238 Dromore, 13 repeal of, 320 Putnam, Colonel Israel, 109–10 St Christopher, 103, 334 St Eustatius, 268, 272, 284, 334 Quakers, 30, 333 St George’s Fields massacre, 68, 74 Quebec, 86, 114, 117, 147, 311 St Kitts, see St Christopher Quebec act (1774), 86, 120, 126, 185, St Lucia, 334 188, 191 St Patrick, Knights of, 326–7, 328 see also Canada St Patrick’s day, 326–8 Queen’s County, Volunteers in, 154 Saints, battle of the, 295, 320 Quin, Sir Richard, 312 Saratoga, battle of, 109, 135, 143, 155, 161–4, 168, 180, 189, 251, 258, 275, Raphoe, Co. Donegal, Volunteers in, 322 277, 296 Rathfriland, Co. Down, Volunteers in, Sardinia, 199 215n Sarsﬁeld, Patrick, 226–7 Rawdon, Lord Francis, 174, 251, 286 Saunders’ News-Letter, 97, 98, 166, 206, rebellion of 1641, 34, 136, 154, 214, 255; 326 see also Confederate Catholics, Savannah, Georgia, 249–50, 257, 334 Eoghan Rua ON´´ eill Scotland, 8, 18, 21, 23, 30–3, 64, 108, republicanism, 1, 28, 29–30, 36, 67, 133, 109, 117, 124, 178, 187, 200, 227, 145, 153, 220, 228, 264, 282, 332–4 251, 260

364 Index

Scotland (cont.) Stone, George, Anglican archbishop of Anglo-Scottish union, 18, 221 Armagh, 24, 26–7, 151 Church of, 28–9, 30–2, 124 Strabane, 117, 179 Scott, John, MP, 228, 230 Volunteer review (1782), 322 septennial act (British, 1716), 42 Volunteers in, 213–15, 235 sermons, 34, 35, 36, 114, 123, 144, Strabane Journal,98 164–5, 174–6, 190, 210–16, 224 Stuart, Charles Edward, see Charles III Seven Years War, 10–11, 44, 60, 166, 200 Stuart, James Francis Edward, see James III Shannon, 1st earl of, see Boyle, Henry Style, Colonel William, 139 Shannon, Richard Boyle, 2nd earl of, 137, sugar duty (1780), 247, 249, 258, 265, 143, 153 274, 290 Sheehy, Fr Nicholas, 50, 66 Sweden, 7 Shelburne, William Petty, 3rd earl of, 300, Sweetman, James, 196, 317 303, 304 Swift, Rev. Jonathan, 15, 16, 18, 125, 210 Sheridan, Charles Francis, MP, 160, Switzerland, 180, 213, 214, 218 267 Sheridan, Christopher, 273 Taaffe, Count Nicholas, 48 Sidney, Algernon, 148, 213 Talbot, Colonel Richard, 307, 315 Sidney, Henry, viscount Sidney, 53 Tandy, James Napper, 126, 152, 207, 224, Silles, William, 92 247, 262 Simms, J.G., 15 Tarleton, Lieutenant-Colonel Banastre, Six-mile-bridge, Co. Clare, 281 251 Sixth of George I, see declaratory act Taylor, Sir James, 56 Skelton, Dr Philip, 80 Temple, George Grenville, 3rd earl, Skerries, Co. Dublin, 317, 318 304–5, 319, 324–6 Sligo, county, 290 tenantry act (1780), 239 Volunteers in, 315 Tenison, Thomas, 51 see also Beltra, Sligo town Tennison, Thomas, MP, 120 Sligo, town, 179 Tesch, Pieter, 28n Volunteers in, 235, 309 Thompson, Andrew, 127 Sligo Journal,98 Thompson, Thomas, 92 Smith, Adam, 31 Tighe, Edward, MP, 265, 274 Smith, David, 289 Timolin, Co. Kildare, 183 Smith, Rev. William, 117, 122, 145, 146 Tipperary, county, 47, 129, 154, 244, 292, songs, 5, 7, 8, 11, 46, 47, 49–50, 64–5, 66, 296 89, 107, 109–12, 177–9, 183–5, grand jury, 237, 292 197–8, 201–2, 227, 233, 237, 279, Volunteers in, 154, 291 281–4, 297, 312–14, 316–17, 329, see also Cashel, Clonmel, Galtee 332–3 mountains, Roscrea South Carolina, 250–2, 269, 286; see also Tisdall, Rev. William, 29 Camden, Charleston, Eutaw Springs, Tobago, 269, 283 Hobkirk’s Hill, Ninety-Six Toler, John, MP, 246 Spain, 6, 7, 40, 63, 64, 109, 139, 148–9, toleration act (1719), 34, 39 180, 209, 213, 215, 216, 237, 269, Toulon, 180 332 Townsend, Richard, MP, 244 and American war, 153, 183–4, 185, Townshend, Charles, MP, 59 197–8, 246, 250, 258, 280, 282n, Townshend, George, 4th viscount, 59, 63, 313, 329 67, 68–71, 74–5, 77, 79, 139 colonies of, 241 trade, 158, 160, 219, 252, 253, 254, 265, see also Irish brigades 297, 326 Spanish Succession, war of, 7 clandestine, 123, 127, 272–3 stamp act (1774), 76, 118 decline in, 172, 176, 181, 203, 205, 223, Steelboys, 82–3, 90, 105 231, 240, 278, 332 Stewart, A.T.Q., 28n embargo on provisions, 157–61, 171, Stolberg, Louise, princess of, 68 204, 288

Index 365

restrictions on, 18, 38, 43, 44, 53, 57, 265, 275, 286–93, 306–8, 315–16, 58, 73, 78, 99, 105, 113, 118, 120, 328, 329, 332, 333 123, 124, 159, 172, 175, 176, 203, and America, 32, 191, 198–9, 214–15, 205–6, 212, 213, 214, 221, 225, 231, 249–51, 253, 286, 326 239–40, 268 Catholics in, 234–6, 312, 314, 332 tobacco, 203, 206, 278–9 loyalty of, 198–9, 249–51, 252–3, see also free trade 269–70, 295–6, 327 Tralee, Co. Kerry, 138, 142 and politics, 176–7, 204, 224–5, 228, Trenchard, John, 75, 95 242, 247–8, 266, 280–1, 286–7, 291, Trimblestown, Robert Barnewall, 12th 298–302, 303, 306–7, 321–3 Baron, 10, 45, 48, 132, 133–4, 186 and recruitment, 297, 302–4, 312, 315, Trinity College, Dublin, 137, 147, 293, 321–2 299, 330 see also Dungannon Historical Society, 100, 143, 159, ‘Volunteers of Ireland’ regiment, 251 162, 222, 236, 249, 254, 262, 266, 285–6 Waite, Thomas, 232 Trois Rivi`eres,battle of, 117 Walsh, Rev. J., 175 Troy, John, Catholic bishop of Ossory, War Ofﬁce, 142 134, 135 Washington, General George, 111, 112, Tryon, General William, 149 146, 147, 149, 153, 174, 184–5, 199, Tupac Amaru, 237 201–2, 242, 281–3, 313, 332 Twomey, Maurice, 272 Waterford, city, 179, 233, 304 Tyrone, county, 80, 117, 217, 245, 286, soldiers attacked in, 128, 182–3 292 Waterford, county, 187, 233, 292 grand jury, 207, 237 grand jury, 292 see also Dungannon, Fintona, Strabane Volunteers in, 291 see also Cappoquin, Waterford city Ulster, 2, 5, 28, 30–3, 38, 50, 63, 65, 81, Waterford Chronicle,98 83, 85, 109, 116–25, 127, 131, 138–9, Wayne, Major General Anthony, 183, 189–90, 199, 210–11, 216–17, 283, 332 224, 238, 242–3, 247, 249, 287, 303, Wesley, Rev. John, 85, 146 305, 332 Westmeath, county, 45, 171 Volunteers in, 280–1, 286, 289, 291, grand jury, 291 295–6, 299, 309, 312–13, 322 Westmeath Journal,98 see also individual counties Westminster parliament, 29, 30, 52, 59, Ulster Journal,98 74, 116, 120, 144, 152, 162, 163, uniformity, acts of, 34 203–8, 219, 231, 240, 278, 280, union, legislative, 12, 18, 20–1, 23–4, 27, 291, 294, 302, 308, 320, 325 70–1, 78, 108, 218, 220–1, 222, legislative supremacy of, 18, 20, 21–2, 227, 231 37–8, 42, 51, 54, 57, 72, 73, 79, 81, United Irishmen, Society of, 258 95, 99, 100–1, 124, 125, 136–7, United Provinces, 7–8, 148–9, 209, 213, 153, 159, 208, 209, 217, 222, 223, 214, 218, 257, 268, 272 232, 240, 242, 246, 253, 262, 267, and American war, 193, 282, 313 275, 289–90, 293, 295, 299, 300, colonies of, 241 301, 302, 303, 313, 320, 322, Ushant, battle of, 176, 180 324–5, 330 parliamentary sovereignty, 57, 82, 131, Ventry, Co. Kerry, 178 267 Versailles, 324, 325 powers of taxation, 24, 31, 52, 53, 54, vestry act (1774), 83–4, 119 57, 58, 67, 72, 73, 74, 80–1, 83, Virginia, 53, 70, 103, 206, 253, 269, 273, 84–5, 95, 99–106, 118, 120, 121, 278, 286; see also Yorktown 123, 146, 151, 153, 158, 159, 164, virtual representation, 105 168, 170, 172, 204, 254 Volunteers, 154, 171, 182, 190, 194, Wetenhall, Edward, Anglican bishop of 210–16, 218, 226, 229, 239, 254, Cork, 17

366 Index

Wexford, county, 105, 165, 166, 195, 233, Wilson, James, MP, 119–21, 159, 163, 244, 296 190–1 Volunteers in, 154 Witherspoon, Rev. John, 31, 125 see also Ballyhack, Wexford town woollen act (1699), 18, 159, 225, Wexford, town, 179, 233, 292 226, 231 Wexford Journal,98 Wynne, Owen, MP, 309 Whig ideology, 16, 19, 31, 36, 37, 41, 213, 306, 311 Yelverton, Barry, MP, 102, 104, 188, Whiteboys, 48–50, 64, 83, 88–9, 105, 129, 190, 229–30, 232, 245, 247, 154, 157, 167 277–8, 279, 294, 295, 312, Whitehaven, Cumberland, 318 314–15 Wicklow, county, 196 York, Neil Longley, 15n grand jury, 244, 292, 296 Yorke, Charles, MP, 52 Wilkes, John, MP, 32, 65, 68, 74, 75, 78, Yorktown, siege of, 261, 273, 275, 277, 80, 82, 95, 150, 191 278–80, 281, 305, 328 William III, king, 16, 17, 60, 99, 124, 126, Youghal, Co. Cork, 142 136, 224–6, 268, 307, 311 Young, Arthur, 160