DOCSLIB.ORG

Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Author: Peter Pfennig

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Author: Peter Pfennig Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan Author: Peter Pfennig Acknowledgements: Eco Management Services: Paul Manning EPA: Peter Christy, Sam Gaylard, Dr Clive Jenkins, Dr Shaun Thomas, Bettina Venner Flinders Ports: Greg Pearce, Terry Vickery Water Data Services: Bruce Nicholson SA Water: Tim Kildae Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity: Tim Bradford Department of Transport, Energy and Infrastructure: Roger Galbraith Some of the materials in this report is drawn from a project by Arup Pty Ltd and Eco Management Services Pty Ltd. Funding and resources for this project were provided by the Australian Government Coastal Catchment Initiative. For further information please contact: Information Officer Environment Protection Authority GPO Box 2607 Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone: (08) 8204 2004 Facsimile: (08) 8124 4670 Free call (country): 1800 623 445 Website: <www.epa.sa.gov.au> E-mail: <[email protected]> ISBN 978-1-921125-66-9 May 2008 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. © Environment Protection Authority This document may be reproduced in whole or part for the purpose of study or training, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and to its not being used for commercial purposes or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those given above requires the prior written permission of the Environment Protection Authority. Printed on recycled paper TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary 1 1 Introduction 9 1.1 The Port waterways and its catchment 9 1.2 Nutrients and the ecological condition of the Port waterways 9 1.3 The Water Quality Improvement Plan 9 1.4 Environmental values of the Port waterways 13 1.5 Nutrient reduction to date 13 1.6 Environmental flow management in the Port waterways 14 1.7 Consultation processes used in developing the plan 14 1.8 Ongoing involvement with the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board 15 1.9 Ongoing involvement with the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary 15 2 Water quality—nutrient objectives and loads 17 2.1 Summary of key water quality issues 17 2.2 Environmental values of the Port waterways 21 2.3 General water quality status prior to the WQIP 25 2.4 Water quality objectives (nutrients) 25 2.5 Existing programs resulting in nitrogen and phosphorus load reduction improvements to date 29 2.6 Nutrient load reduction required to achieve the water quality objectives 31 2.7 Load reduction targets/load allocations 38 2.8 Margin of safety 39 3 Implementation and research—management measures and control actions 41 3.1 Current nutrient load reduction programs and actions 41 3.2 River flow objectives 59 3.3 Growth management and addressing impacts of climate change 59 3.4 Use of market-based instruments 61 3.5 Institutional and organisational reforms 61 3.6 Regulatory reforms to support improved water quality and environmental flows 62 3.7 Priority WQIP research and development activities 62 3.8 Adaptive management for the Port Waterways WQIP 63 4 Monitoring the WQIP implementation 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Water quality modelling strategy 69 4.3 Water quality monitoring programs 70 4.4 Monitoring implementation of the WQIP 70 5 Reporting and review 72 5.1 Introduction 72 5.2 WQIP reporting and review process 72 References 75 Glossary 76 Appendix A: Statutory capacity to implement the Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan 80 Appendix B: Programs and funding for the implementation of the Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan 89 Appendix C: Reasonable assurance statement for the Port Waterways Water Quality Improvement Plan 96 Appendix D: WQIP for Port Adelaide’s waterway 102 Appendix E: Water flows 112 Appendix F: Model output of nutrient load reductions for the Port waterways 126 Appendix G: Nutrient Reduction Options Discussion Paper, November 2005 187 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Port waterways location and catchments 10 Figure 1.2 Summary of the water quality management framework 11 Figure 2.1 Key water quality issues in the Port waterways study area 18 Figure 2.2 Main features and segments for protection of water quality 22 Figure 2.3 Water quality classification 24 Figure 2.4 Combined summer (Nov to Mar) Nutrient Loads from Port Adelaide & Bolivar WWTPs 30 Figure 2.5 Bolivar peak monthly nutrient marine loads 30 Figure 2.6 Modelled Port waterways chlorophyll a concentrations 1998 and 2004 34 Figure 2.7 Modelled Port waterways total nitrogen concentrations 1998 and 2004 35 Figure 2.8 Modelled Port waterways ammonia concentrations 1998 and 2004 36 Figure 2.9 Modelled winter chlorophyll a concentrations adjacent to Swan Alley as nutrients in the Port Waterways reduce 37 Figure 2.10 Modelled winter chlorophyll a concentrations at the North Arm as nutrients in the Port Waterways reduce 37 Figure 3.1 Comparison of annual TN and TP loads 1995–2015 57 Figure 3.2 Comparison of annual TN loads from major sources 1995–2015 57 Figure 3.3 Comparison of annual TN loads from small sources 1995–2010 58 Figure 3.4 Comparison of annual TP loads from major sources 1995–2015 58 Figure 3.5 Comparison of annual TP loads from small sources 2005–2010 59 Figure 3.6 Adaptive management framework as it applies to nutrients in the Port waterways 65 Figure 4.1 EPA ambient water quality monitoring program locations in the Port waterways 71 Figure E1 Watercress model layout 118 Figure E2 Present day non-urbanised flows (ML/year) 120 Figure E3 Pre-European flows (ML/year) 121 Figure E4 Estimated pre-European annual flows to Barker Inlet 124 Figure E5 % time exceedence for estimated pre-European daily flows to Barker Inlet 125 Figure F1 Differences in modelled total phosphorus at three sites along the Port River following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 131 Figure F2 Differences in modelled total ammonium at three sites along the Port River following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 132 Figure F3 Differences in modelled total nitrogen at three sites in central Barker inlet following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 133 Figure F4 Differences in modelled total ammonium at three sites in central Barker inlet following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 134 Figure F5 Differences in modelled total phosphorus at three sites in central Barker inlet following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 135 Figure F6 Differences in modelled total phosphorus at three sites in the region of northern Barker inlet following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 136 Figure F7 Differences in modelled total nitrogen at three sites in the region of northern Barker inlet following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 137 v Figure F8 Differences in modelled total ammonium at three sites in the region of northern Barker inlet following reductions in nutrient discharges between 1998 and 2004 138 Figure F9 Distribution of total phosphorus in the Port waterways during a spring high tide— normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 139 Figure F10 Distribution of total phosphorus in the Port waterways during a spring low tide— normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 140 Figure F11 Distribution of total phosphorus in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide— normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 141 Figure F12 Distribution of total phosphorus in the Port waterways influenced by a north wind— normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 142 Figure F13 Distribution of total nitrogen in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide—based on 1998 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility, and the Bolivar and Port Adelaide WWTPs 143 Figure F14 Distribution of total nitrogen in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide—normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 144 Figure F15 Distribution of total ammonium in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide— based on 1998 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility, and the Bolivar and Port Adelaide WWTPs 145 Figure F16 Distribution of total ammonium in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide— normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 146 Figure F17 Distribution of total phosphorus in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide— based on 1998 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility, and the Bolivar and Port Adelaide WWTPs 147 Figure F18 Distribution of chlorophyll a in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide—based on 1998 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility, and the Bolivar and Port Adelaide WWTPs 148 Figure F19 Distribution of chlorophyll a in the Port waterways during a neap ebbing tide—normal 2004 discharges of nutrients from the Penrice facility and the Bolivar WWTP 149 Figure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Adelaide Coastal Waters Information Sheet No. 3
    Adelaide Coastal Waters Information Sheet No. 3 Changes in urban environments Issued August 2009 EPA 769/09: This information sheet is part of a series of Fact Sheets on the Adelaide coastal waters and the findings of the Adelaide Coastal Waters Study (ACWS). Introduction Since European settlement in the 1830s, the Adelaide plains and Adelaide’s coastal environment have been subject to considerable change and pressure from a continually increasing population. In recent years there has been growing community concern about the effects of coastal and catchment development on the marine environment. Increases in stormwater flows and waste from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have also been of concern. Nutrients and other pollutants introduced to Adelaide’s nearshore waters from urban and rural runoff, WWTPs and some industrial sources have been found by the Adelaide Coastal Waters Study (ACWS) to have had a negative impact on Adelaide’s nearshore marine environment, including the loss of over 5,000 hectares of seagrass. Historical catchment changes When Adelaide was selected by Colonel William Light for South Australia’s state capital in 1836 there was a wide belt of coastal dunes and wide sandy beaches stretching to the north and south of Glenelg. From Seacliff to Outer Harbor there was a 30 km stretch of sand dunes broken only by the Patawalonga Creek at Glenelg. The Torrens River flowed into a series of swamps lying behind the coastal dunes and drained both north and south to the sea through the Patawalonga Creek and Port River system. The stretch of sand dunes comprised two or more parallel ridges each about 70 to 100 metres wide separated by narrow depressions or swales, consequently very little surface catchment runoff would have reached the coastline.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Coastal Management Plan 2017-2022
    Coastal Management Plans (2017-2022) Semaphore, Largs Bay, Taperoo, Osborne and North Haven Dunes 1 City of Port Adelaide Enfield Coastal Management Plans (2017-2022) City of Port Adelaide Enfield 26 September 2017 Version 3 Prepared by EBS Ecology for the City of Port Adelaide Enfield Document Control Revision Date Date issued Authors Reviewed by Revision type No. Reviewed 1 24/08/2017 A. Derry G. Glazier 24/08/2017 Draft1 2 13/09/2017 A. Derry G. Glazier 12/09/2017 Draft2 3 26/09/2017 A. Derry - - Final Distribution of Copies Revision Date issued Media Issued to No. 1 24/08/2017 Electronic Andy Walker, City of Port Adelaide Enfield 2 13/09/2017 Electronic Andy Walker, City of Port Adelaide Enfield 3 26/09/2017 Electronic Andy Walker, City of Port Adelaide Enfield COPYRIGHT: Use or copying of this document in whole or in part (including photographs) without the written permission of EBS Ecology constitutes an infringement of copyright. LIMITATION: This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of EBS Ecology’s Client, and is subject to and issued in connection with the provisions of the agreement between EBS Ecology and its Client. EBS Ecology accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party. CITATION: EBS (2017) Coastal Management Plans (2017-2022). Report to City of Port Adelaide Enfield. EBS Ecology, Adelaide. Coastal Management Plan (2017-2022) – City of Port Adelaide Enfield Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The River Torrens—Friend and Foe Part 2
    The River Torrens—friend and foe Part 2: The river as an obstacle to be crossed RICHARD VENUS Richard Venus BTech, BA, GradCertArchaeol, MIE Aust is a retired electrical engineer who now pursues his interest in forensic heritology, researching and writing about South Australia’s engineering heritage. He is Chairman of Engineering Heritage South Australia and Vice President of the History Council of South Australia. His email is [email protected] Beginnings In Part 1 we looked the River Torrens as a friend—a source of water vital to the establishment of the new settlement. However, in common with so many other European settlements, the developing community very quickly polluted its own water supply and another source had to be found. This was still the River Torrens but the water was collected in the Torrens Gorge, about 13 kilometres north-east of the City, and piped down Payneham Road to the Valve House in the East Parklands. Water from this source was first made available in December 1860 as reported in the South Australian Advertiser on 26 December. The significant challenge presented by the Torrens was getting across it. In summer, when the river was little more than a series of pools, you could just walk across. However, there must have been a significant body of water somewhere – probably in the vicinity of today’s weir – because in July 1838 tenders were called ‘For the rent for six months of the small punt on the Torrens for foot passengers, for each of whom a toll of one penny will be authorised to be charged from day-light to dark, and two pence after dark’ (Register 28 July).
    [Show full text]
  • Lefevre Peninsula Transport Corridor Project Brochure
    OUTCOMES KEY ISSUES MEASURES Safety benefits The combination of an increase of rail traffic Reducing the number of rail level crossings (road along the corridor and the frequency of rail level and rail interfaces) along the rail freight route will crossings will increase the risk of potential significantly improve safety for all transport users. ࠜ conflicts between road and rail. Only one of the existing 18 rail level crossings All seven remaining rail level crossings will are actively protected with warning signals, with receive a safety improvement with the installation the remainder protected by regulatory stop or of automatic signals and boom gates. give way signs. The existing Solvay Road and Mersey Road Safety at the Solvay Road and Mersey Road intersection currently provides priority to traffic intersection at the entrance to Penrice will be along Mersey Road. As a consequence, large greatly improved with the installation of give way vehicles accessing Penrice potentially stop up to signs on Mersey Road, giving priority to Solvay three times at the Mersey Road junction, the Road traffic. railway line and Penrice’s security booth. Improved Currently trains are only capable of travelling up An upgrade of the existing seven kilometres of rail transport to 25 kph along the rail corridor due to the track, including the installation of second parallel combination of the poor condition of the existing track, will enable trains to travel up to 60 kph. efficiency track, the frequency of rail level crossings and the As a result, travel times will be significantly potential conflicts with heavy vehicles. reduced, resulting in reduced operating costs and T ࠜ travel time for rail.
    [Show full text]
  • Barker Inlet and Port River Estuary System
    community water quality program run by NRM Education NRM by run program quality water community • Urban Forest Biodiversity Program Biodiversity Forest Urban • The late Vitas Karnaitis - a volunteer monitoring the estuary as part of the the of part as estuary the monitoring volunteer a - Karnaitis Vitas late The • Project Dolphin Safe Dolphin Project • • Port Adelaide Kaurna community Kaurna Adelaide Port • • Primary Industries and Resources SA (PIRSA) SA Resources and Industries Primary • • City of Salisbury of City • • Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Authority Protection Environment • • Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Resources Natural and Environment of Department • assistance of the following organisations: following the of assistance Mallala This brochure was produced by NRM Education with the the with Education NRM by produced was brochure This • Cities of Playford, Port Adelaide Enfield, Salisbury and Salisbury Enfield, Adelaide Port Playford, of Cities • • Barker Inlet Port Estuaries Committee (BIPEC) Committee Estuaries Port Inlet Barker • Management Board Management • Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Natural Ranges Lofty Mount and Adelaide • State and local government: local and State • University of South Australia South of University • • University of Adelaide of University • (SARDI) Institute Development and Research Australian South • • Flinders University of South Australia South of University Flinders • Research institutions: Research • Project Dolphin Safe and SA Seabird
    [Show full text]
  • Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary
    Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Reference Paper 2: Key habitat features necessary to sustain the dolphin population This document is a companion to the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary Management Plan and provides background information for the development of the Plan. www.environment.sa.gov.au Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Reference Paper 2: Habitat Table of Contents 1 Scope and purpose .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Methodology ....................................................................................... 2 1.2 Sufficient food ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 A functioning ecosystem .................................................................... 2 1.4 Physical safety ...................................................................................... 3 1.5 Interconnectedness ............................................................................ 3 1.6 Cumulative impacts ............................................................................ 3 2 Food supply – Follow the fish ............................................................................ 4 2.1 Bottlenose dolphin diet requirements ............................................... 5 2.1.1 ADS dolphins ..................................................................... 5 2.2 Potential threats to food supply ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Groundwater Recharge Estimates for the Catchments of the Western Mount Lofty Ranges Prescribed Water Resources Area
    TECHNICAL NOTE 2008/16 Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE ESTIMATES FOR THE CATCHMENTS OF THE WESTERN MOUNT LOFTY RANGES PRESCRIBED WATER RESOURCES AREA Graham Green and Dragana Zulfic November 2007 © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2008 This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. Disclaimer The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. ISBN 978-1-921218-81-1 Preferred way to cite this publication Green G & Zulfic D, 2008, Summary of groundwater recharge estimates for the catchments of the Western
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal and Inundation Modelling Phase 3 Report
    Item under Separate Cover Item 12.3.1 Attachment 1 Western Adelaide Region Climate Change Adaption Plan Coastal and Inundation Modelling Phase 3 Report City of Charles Sturt City of Port Adelaide Enfield City of West Torrens February 2018 Ref No. 20140329R3C Document Set ID: 11597974 Version: 2, Version Date: 04/03/2020 Document History and Status Rev Description Author Reviewed Approved Date A First Issue PDS KSS 23 March 2017 B Second Issue PDS KSS 30 June 2017 C Minor Amendments – Council KSS KSS 2 February 2018 comments © Tonkin Consulting 2016 This document is, and shall remain, the property of Tonkin Consulting. The document may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. Ref No. 20140329R3B Climate Change Adaptation Plan Phase 3 Report Document Set ID: 11597974 Version: 2, Version Date: 04/03/2020 Executive Summary Background The Western Adelaide Region Councils together with the SA Coast Protection Board, SA Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) and South Australian Fire and Emergency Services Commission (SAFECOM) have developed a regional Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the western suburbs of Adelaide. As a part of this study, Tonkin Consulting have been commissioned to undertake modelling of the impacts of climate change on tidal and storm water flooding around the most vulnerable coastal locations in the Western Region. The investigation has been undertaken in three stages. Stage 1 of the project involved a scoping investigation to identify key assets at highest risk of inundation as a result of climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality of the Port River Estuary — a Community Summary
    Water Quality of the Port River Estuary — a community summary Government of South Australia INTRODUCTION In September 1995, the EPA began a long-term program to monitor water quality in the Port River estuary. The estuary consists of the Port River, North Arm, Outer Harbor and the Angas and Barker inlets. It is a biologically diverse aquatic ecosystem, supporting extensive saltmarshes, mangrove stands and seagrass beds. This provides varied habitats for many species of birds, fish, crustaceans, and other marine invertebrates, making the estuary an important natural asset. The EPA collects water samples monthly from nine sites across the estuary, measuring 21 different parameters in five categories—nutrients, water clarity, heavy metals, chlorophyll (algae) and microbiology. Water quality data is categorised as good, moderate or poor using a classification system based on national water quality guidelines. The EPA’s first Port River report summarised data from September 1995 to December 1996 (EPA, 1997a), and found the water quality to be mainly Dept. Environment and Heritage Survey 5573 – Oct 1998 Dept. Environment poor to moderate. Aerial view of the Port River estuary This brochure summarises a new report, Ambient water quality in the Port River estuary September 1995–August 2000. Once again, water quality was shown to be poor to moderate for many parameters—only 51% of classifications were good, 31% were moderate, and 18% were poor. Outer Harbor was the best site, with 71% of the parameters classified as good. The five categories analysed Nutrients High nutrient concentrations can lead to excessive algal and plant growth, causing fish deaths and smothering seagrasses and other plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Torrens Lake Update: Summer 2020–21
    Controlling blue-green algae in the lake has been most successful when releasing flows down the river – high flow rates, for a short duration, mix up and cool down the water – as well as benefiting the whole river system. Highbury Windsor Gardens Lochiel Park Catchment Monitoring Infrastructure Vale Park Felixstow management • Every 15 minutes, temperature, dissolved REMOVING LARGE ITEMS OF RUBBISH St Peters Flinders Park Adelaide oxygen and salinity, and weather conditions Adelaide • Gross pollutant traps on all stormwater Lockleys Hills • Removed over 3.5 tonnes Adelaide are measured from 3 permanent water of Carp directly entering the lake quality monitoring stations in the lake • Gross pollutant traps throughout • Erosion prevention and Gulf St • Twice weekly water quality monitoring the catchment, including on First, Vincent riverbank planting at 7 locations over summer Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth creeks • Woody weed removal + capturing over 5000 tonnes in the last • Weekly water quality monitoring along replanting with native two years the river – including the sea at the outlet plants along linear park • Floating boom on the river in St Peters • Twice yearly fish monitoring along the • Over 15,000 native aquatic river and around the lake MINIMISING NUTRIENTS IN THE LAKE plants placed in the lake • Duck feeding station in the lake closed • Regular dredging of the lake, • Aquatic plants added to take up nutrients 3 with over 3000m removed • Floating wetlands (aquatic plants grown on a floating platform) in 2017 being trialled
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development
    DWLBC REPORT Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development 2007/09 Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development Kim Teoh Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation January 2006 Report DWLBC 2007/09 Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au Disclaimer Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2007 This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. ISBN-13 978-1-921218-45-3 Preferred way to cite this publication Teoh, K 2006, Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Marine Biodiversity in South Australia - Part 1 - Background, Status and Review of Approach to Marine Biodiversity Conservation in South Australia
    Conserving Marine Biodiversity in South Australia - Part 1 - Background, Status and Review of Approach to Marine Biodiversity Conservation in South Australia K S Edyvane May 1999 ISBN 0 7308 5237 7 No 38 The recommendations given in this publication are based on the best available information at the time of writing. The South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) makes no warranty of any kind expressed or implied concerning the use of technology mentioned in this publication. © SARDI. This work is copyright. Apart of any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the publisher. SARDI is a group of the Department of Primary Industries and Resources CONTENTS – PART ONE PAGE CONTENTS NUMBER INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction…………………………………..…………………………………………………………1 1.1 The ‘Unique South’ – Southern Australia’s Temperate Marine Biota…………………………….…….1 1.2 1.2 The Status of Marine Protected Areas in Southern Australia………………………………….4 2 South Australia’s Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity……………………………………………..9 2.1 Oceans, Gulfs and Estuaries – South Australia’s Oceanographic Environments……………………….9 2.1.1 Productivity…………………………………………………………………………………….9 2.1.2 Estuaries………………………………………………………………………………………..9 2.2 Rocky Cliffs and Gulfs, to Mangrove Shores -South Australia’s Coastal Environments………………………………………………………………13 2.2.1 Offshore Islands………………………………………………………………………………14 2.2.2 Gulf Ecosystems………………………………………………………………………………14 2.2.3 Northern Spencer Gulf………………………………………………………………………...14
    [Show full text]