Barker Inlet and Port and Inlet Barker system. Estuary

mark. All of these activities have altered the dynamics of the the of dynamics the altered have activities these of All mark. tide

Adelaide River bed to raise the residential areas above the high high the above areas residential the raise to bed River

Thousands of tonnes of silt and mud were dredged from the Port Port the from dredged were mud and silt of tonnes of Thousands

and other developed areas. areas. developed other and

and embankments were built around the town centre centre town Adelaide Port the around built were embankments and

land' to fit their development ideals. were ripped up up ripped were Mangroves ideals. development their fit to land'

However Europeans still saw the need for this 'wild inhospitable inhospitable 'wild this for need the saw still Europeans However

reed beds backed by grassy plains. grassy by backed beds reed

birdlife. To the south there were freshwater lagoons and flourishing flourishing and lagoons freshwater were there south the To birdlife.

fringed by mangroves supporting an array of fish, crustaceans and and crustaceans fish, of array an supporting mangroves by fringed

other side of the narrow peninsula lay the sheltered saline waters waters saline sheltered the lay peninsula narrow the of side other

plants and waste management sites. management waste and plants

undertaken in the and Estuary system. Estuary River Port and Inlet Barker the in undertaken

were the dynamic sandy beaches of the gulf coast, while on the the on while coast, gulf the of beaches sandy dynamic the were

harvesting, boat building facilities, sewage treatment plants, chemical chemical plants, treatment sewage facilities, building boat harvesting,

swimming, ecotourism and bird and dolphin watching, are are watching, dolphin and bird and ecotourism swimming,

to develop an appreciation of this unfamiliar environment. There There environment. unfamiliar this of appreciation an develop to

handling facilities, cement works, electricity generating plants, salt salt plants, generating electricity works, cement facilities, handling

• A number of activities, such as recreational fishing and boating, boating, and fishing recreational as such activities, of number A •

However those who took the time to sit, watch and listen began began listen and watch sit, to time the took who those However

while also being home to a number of large industries, including coal coal including industries, large of number a to home being also while

Socially

and uninteresting, and immediately made plans to "improve it". it". "improve to plans made immediately and uninteresting, and

. It is an environment that supports a diverse array of wildlife, wildlife, of array diverse a supports that environment an is It dunes.

of the Barker Inlet and Port Adelaide River they saw it as muddy muddy as it saw they River Adelaide Port and Inlet Barker the of

by saltmarsh, grey forests, and low-lying sand sand low-lying and wetlands forests, mangrove grey saltmarsh, by

State economy. State

When Europeans first explored the land and associated waterways waterways associated and land the explored first Europeans When

Vincent. The shoreline consists of wide tidal that are framed framed are that mudflats tidal wide of consists shoreline The Vincent.

fisheries, contribute approximately $100 million per annum to our our to annum per million $100 approximately contribute fisheries,

system of tidal creeks and channels that open up into the Gulf St St Gulf the into up open that channels and creeks tidal of system

wide range of industries within the area, including the important important the including area, the within industries of range wide tions c refle stuary E

The Barker Inlet and Port Estuary waterways are an interconnected interconnected an are waterways Estuary Port and Inlet Barker The

These include and Blue Swimmer Crab. A A Crab. Swimmer Blue and Whiting George King include These

area for many commercially important fish and crustacean species. species. crustacean and fish important commercially many for area

SYSTEM

• This environment is an essential feeding, breeding and nursing nursing and breeding feeding, essential an is environment This • Kudlyo swan: Black

THE BARKER INLET AND PORT ESTUARY ESTUARY PORT AND INLET BARKER THE

Economically Yambo dolphins: River Port

(land of sleep or death) or sleep of (land Yertabulti Adelaide: Port

part land…. part waterway…. part sea…. part waterway…. part land…. part life. (nose-place) lit Mudlangga Peninsula: Le-Fevre

Put simply, an estuary is an enclosed coastal that is is that water of body coastal enclosed an is estuary an simply, Put cleaner and clearer water, which benefits both people and marine marine and people both benefits which water, clearer and cleaner Some local indigenous names: indigenous local Some

column and nutrients are trapped or used. These processes create create processes These used. or trapped are nutrients and column

They can vary in size, salinity and flow. and salinity size, in vary can They constructed wetlands, much of the sediment drops out of the water water the of out drops sediment the of much wetlands, constructed people, the most significant being a change in lifestyle. in change a being significant most the people, Kaurna

salt water to fresh water, from tidal to non tidal and from wet to dry. dry. to wet from and tidal non to tidal from water, fresh to water salt nutrients. As the water flows through the , mangroves and and mangroves marshes, the through flows water the As nutrients. baskets. European settlement brought many changes to the the to changes many brought settlement European baskets.

water and salt water mix. are places of vast change from from change vast of places are Estuaries mix. water salt and water • Water draining from the catchment carries sediments and and sediments carries catchment the from draining Water • servants, dock workers or as weavers and repairers of nets and and nets of repairers and weavers as or workers dock servants,

An estuary is where a river or creek meets the sea, where the fresh fresh the where sea, the meets creek or river a where is estuary An Water quality Water people stayed in Port Adelaide and found work as domestic domestic as work found and Adelaide Port in stayed people

Greenfields area and Adelaide Hills. However, a few aboriginal aboriginal few a However, Hills. Adelaide and area Greenfields

WHAT IS AN ESTUARY AN IS WHAT feed. soon caused the indigenous people to retreat further inland to the the to inland further retreat to people indigenous the caused soon

Eagle, Pelicans and Silver Gulls also visit this area to rest and and rest to area this visit also Gulls Silver and Pelicans Eagle, spread of European diseases, such as smallpox and measles, measles, and smallpox as such diseases, European of spread

Crab and Yellow-eye Mullet. Birds such as the White-bellied Sea Sea White-bellied the as such Birds Mullet. Yellow-eye and Crab The development and clearance of the surrounding land and the the and land surrounding the of clearance and development The

include the Western King Prawn, Black Bream, Blue Swimmer Swimmer Blue Bream, Black Prawn, King Western the include

into deeper water or upstream into rivers. Some of these species species these of Some rivers. into upstream or water deeper into hunt and gather food and seek shelter. seek and food gather and hunt

in these protected nutrient rich waters before moving offshore offshore moving before waters rich nutrient protected these in life of the area made it a regular site for indigenous families to to families indigenous for site regular a it made area the of life

• Many fish and crustacean species spend their early life stages stages life early their spend species crustacean and fish Many • the Kaurna aboriginal people. The abundant marine, land and bird bird and land marine, abundant The people. aboriginal Kaurna the

Ecologically At the time of European settlement this region was occupied by by occupied was region this settlement European of time the At

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? IT IS WHY istory H ndigenous I

WHO'S LOOKING AFTER THE BARKER INLET AND PORT ESTUARY SYSTEM?

There are a number of key organisations, community groups and schools managing, monitoring, funding and implementing programs and projects to improve the health of the Barker Inlet and Port Estuary environment.

Community groups and non-government organisations: • Australian Dolphin Research Foundation • Conservation Council of SA • Marine and Coastal Community Network SA • Our Patch • Project Dolphin Safe and SA Rescue

Research institutions: • of South • South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) • • University of

State and local government: • Adelaide and Natural Resources Management Board • Barker Inlet Port Estuaries Committee (BIPEC) • Cities of Playford, Port Adelaide Enfield, Salisbury and This brochure was produced by NRM Education with the Mallala assistance of the following organisations: • Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) • Environment Protection Authority (EPA) • City of Salisbury • Primary Industries and Resources SA (PIRSA) • Port Adelaide Kaurna community • Project Dolphin Safe The late Vitas Karnaitis - a volunteer monitoring the estuary as part of the • Urban Forest Biodiversity Program community water quality program run by NRM Education HABITATS OF THE BARKER INLET AND PORT ESTUARY

All of the different habitats found in and around the Barker Inlet and Port Estuary play an important role in maintaining it as a functioning system.

Port Adelaide River Much of Port Adelaide lies on the Port Adelaide River which was originally a tidal creek that has been dredged to form a port capable of taking medium-sized shipping. A berthing facility at the mouth of the river was formed shortly after settlement to assist heavy container shipping and large overseas vessels. This facility is still an important operation.

Sand Dunes Take a stroll through the Semaphore to Outer sand dunes using the Coast Park shared-use recreational path. This area is currently being revegetated using native plants in conjunction with the installation of interpretive signage and seating.

Dune planting with the SA Urban Forests - Million Trees Project

Seagrasses are flowering plants that grow underwater in coastal and marine environments. They are a valuable coastal resource in the , forming extensive meadows that serve as significant nursing and feeding areas for commercial fish and crustacean species. They represent one of the largest temperate ecosystems in the world.

Saltmarsh In Australia, marine wetlands are named after the dominant Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary species present, so in South Australia the marine/freshwater About 250 Bottlenose Dolphins have been identified in and around Get involved in the action around area is referred to as 'samphire’ or ‘saltmarsh'. They are habitats the region, with 20 to 30 of these considered to be permanent thE estuary for communities of salt-tolerant plants and associated animals. residents. Unfortunately, these dolphins have been subjected to various urban and industrial pollutants, heavy boat traffic and Estuarine Monitoring Saltmarsh has been greatly reduced in this estuary by a strikes, entanglements, harrassment and deliberate attacks by Schools and community groups can participate in monitoring combination of industrial and urban developments, including salt humans. To alleviate these pressures and to protect the dolphins estuarine health as part of NRM Education's 'Engaging with evaporation pans and waste disposal sites. Shoreline development and their habitat, the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary has been Nature' program. Participants complete a variety of tests to and changes in local hydrology continue to be the biggest threats established (2005). detect changes in the health of the estuary. to the saltmarsh habitat. Visit www.nrmeducation.net.au for more info.

Mangroves in South Australia 's Graveyard Kayaking Tour South Australia has the most extensive temperate forests of Grey Discover the fate of from times gone by as you paddle Mangrove () in Australia (230 sq km). through the Ship's Graveyard at Garden Island, Mutton Cove and Jervois Basin in a kayak. A mangrove is a woody plant or plant community found in Contact: Port Adelaide Visitor Information Centre on estuarine areas. Mangroves are important as they provide habitat (08) 8405 6560 and food for many fish, crustacean and bird species, as well as trapping large amounts of silt and building up mudflats. In the St Kilda Mangrove Trail and Interpretive Centre Barker Inlet and Port Adelaide River system, mangroves can be Meander through the mangrove forest along the boardwalk found around North Arm Creek, Garden and Torrens Islands, Port without damaging this fascinating ecosystem. Gawler, Middle Beach and St Kilda. Phone: (08) 8280 8172

Local resident, Bonnie the Bottlenose Dolphin South Australian Maritime Museum 126 Lipson St, Port Adelaide. Wetlands of National Importance Open 10am - 5pm daily. There are a number of constructed wetlands of national Phone: (08) 8207 6255 importance located throughout the area (see map). Wetlands are an important ecosystem, vital to the protection of the estuary. Port Adelaide Kaurna Cultural Heritage Walk They act as natural water treatment areas; by filtering and Walk with a Tauondi Aboriginal Cultural guide through one of removing pollutants they help to improve water quality. Wetlands the world's most ancient, continuous cultures. also support a variety of wildlife, control erosion and detain large Contact: Tauondi Cultural Agency on quantities of water. (08) 8240 0300

St Kilda Mangrove Trail and Interpretive Centre

Where Have The Mangroves Gone? Elevated nutrient levels from sewage, industry and discharges often cause the growth of large drifts of algae, such as Ulva. Ulva prevents the establishment of young mangroves and chokes established trees by smothering and eventually killing their aerial roots. Mangroves have also been removed for industrial development, marinas, boat ramps and housing. Trampling of mangrove seedlings and aerial roots by recreational fishers looking for bait in the mud is also a problem. The Barker Inlet Wetlands at one of the viewing platforms