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The Effects of Computer-Mediated Communications on Students

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The Effects of Computer-Mediated Communications on Students i الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Mostefa Benboulaid Batna 2, Batna Faculty of Foreign Languages Department of English The Effects of Computer-Mediated Communications on Students’ Academic Writing Thesis submitted to the faculty of letters and foreign languages for the requirements of “Doctorat LMD” in T.E.F.L The Case of Second Year LMD Students of English and French Departments at Batna 2 University A thesis submitted to the Department of English and the Faculty of Foreign Languages in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the LMD doctorate in T.E.F.L Submitted by: Supervisor: GHASKIL Abir Soundouss Pr. GHOUAR Amor Board of Examiners Chairperson: Pr. NEDJAI Mohamed Salah Mostefa Benboulaid Batna 2 University Supervisor: Pr. GHOUAR Amor Mostefa Benboulaid Batna 2 University Examiner: Pr. BAHLOUL Amel Mostefa Benboulaid Batna 2 University Examiner: Dr. HOADJLI Ahmed Chaouki Biskra University Examiner: Dr. MEHIRI Ramdane Biskra University July, 2019 i Dedication To all the working moms who struggle day and night to make the impossible possible… To my beloved parents: Zineb and Saddek To my husband, Mourad To my son, my angel, Nazim To my sister, Rabeb To my brothers: Halim, Adel, Wissam, Fouzi, Labib ii Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Pr. GHOUAR Amor from Mostefa Benboulaid Batna 2 University without whom this work could have never been accomplished. The guidance and advice of my supervisor served as the enlighting path on which this piece of work has been built. My genuine appreciation goes to the members of the jury: Pr. Mohammed Salah NEDJAI, Pr. BAHLOUL Amel, Dr. HOADJLI Ahmed Chaouki, Dr. MEHIRI Ramdane who accepted the invitation to evaluate my work and provide more guidance and advice. I am truly honored. I extend my sincere gratitude to the staff of the English department administration along with my colleagues who contributed to the several parts of this research. I would, also, like to thank my students who have been part in this research investigation for their commitment, patience and honesty. ii iii Abstract The evolution of technology in the last few decades has been rapid in introducing new digital tools along with a new language that has become popular among the current generation. The simple access to computer-mediated communications encourages learners to interact with each other more frequently. However, when they are interacting via these tools, they usually manipulate the writing aspect in an informal manner, with various contractions, colloquial abbreviations, trendy acronyms, emoticons and loose sentence structures. These new outlets have negatively affected their academic lives changing them from active researchers into passive recipients. Henceforth, one of the major areas affected by the different forms of computer-mediated communications is academic writing. Consequently, and teachers from all over the globe are complaining about the decline in the quality of their students’ writings, ringing the alarm about the new language created by the Internet, technology and its inventions. Due to these aspects, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of computer-mediated communications on students’ academic writing, showcase the extent it is affected and to seek a way out to enhance students’ writing abilities. The investigation was conducted on two groups from the English department and one group from the French department at the faculty of foreign languages. The researcher adopted a mixed method approach to verify his hypotheses and to confirm that computer-mediated communications can affect students’ writing abilities. Results obtained suggest the need for more awareness of computer-mediated communications negative impact and a rational manipulation of technological devices. Key words: Academic writing, computer-mediated communications, instant messaging, social media, texting. iii iv Table of contents Page Dedication ................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... iii Table of contents ....................................................................................................................... iv List of tables ............................................................................................................................. xii List of figures ........................................................................................................................... xv List of abbreviations………………………………………………………………………..xviii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Statement of the problem .................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Hypotheses .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.4. Structure of the thesis .......................................................................................................... 7 1.5. Rationale .............................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 9 Literature Overview ................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1. Computer-Mediated Communication ................................................................................ 14 2.1.1. Definition .................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2. Development of CMC ................................................................................................ 17 2.1.3. Scope and nature of the field ...................................................................................... 19 2.1.4. Characteristics of CMC .............................................................................................. 21 iv v 2.1.5. Usefulness and drawbacks of CMC ............................................................................ 22 2.1.5.1. Usefulness. ........................................................................................................... 22 2.1.5.2. Drawbacks of CMC. ............................................................................................ 23 2.1.6. Constraints and affordance of CMC ........................................................................... 24 2.1.7. Theories and models of CMC ..................................................................................... 27 2.1.7.1. Online interaction in text-based and multimedia environments. ......................... 27 2.1.7.1.1. Cues Filtered Out Approaches. ..................................................................... 27 2.1.7.1.2. Media Richness. ............................................................................................ 28 2.1.7.1.3. Social Information Processing. ..................................................................... 29 2.1.7.1.4. Social Identification/De-individualization Model. ........................................ 30 2.1.7.1.5. Hyper-personal Communication Model. ....................................................... 31 2.1.7.1.6. Social Context Cues Theory. ......................................................................... 32 2.1.7.2. Theories of diffusion of innovations, adoption, uses and appropriation in CMC. ........................................................................................................................................... 32 2.1.7.2.1. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). ....................................................... 32 2.1.7.2.2. Uses and Gratifications Theory. .................................................................... 34 2.1.7.2.3. Technology Diffusion, Appropriation and Adaptive Structuration Theories. ....................................................................................................................................... 36 2.1.7.2.4. Adaptive Structuration Theory. ..................................................................... 36 2.1.8. Appropriation: The Place of Culture .......................................................................... 37 2.2. Academic writing .............................................................................................................. 38 2.2.1. What is Academic Writing? ....................................................................................... 40 2.2.2.
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