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Veganismo E Libertação Animal: Um Estudo Etnográfico

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Veganismo E Libertação Animal: Um Estudo Etnográfico Mayra Vergotti Ferrigno Veganismo e libertação animal: um estudo etnográfico Campinas Março de 2012 i ii Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social Mayra Vergotti Ferrigno Veganismo e libertação animal: um estudo etnográfico Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Departamento de Antropologia Social do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Antropologia Social, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida. Este exemplar corresponde à versão final da dissertação, defendida por Mayra Vergotti Ferrigno e orientada por Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida. _________________________________ Campinas Março de 2012 iii FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA POR SANDRA APARECIDA PEREIRA-CRB8/7432 - BIBLIOTECA DO IFCH UNICAMP Ferrigno, Mayra Vergotti, 1984 - F416v Veganismo e libertação animal : um estudo etnográfico / : Mayra Vergotti Ferrigno. -- Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2012 Orientador: Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. 1. Vegetarianismo. 2. Direitos dos animais. 3. Animais (Filosofia). I. Almeida, Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de, 1966-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em Inglês: Veganism and animal liberation: a etnographic study Palavras-chave em inglês: Vegetarianism Animal rights Animals (Philosophy) Área de concentração: Antropologia Social Titulação: Mestre em Antropologia Social Banca examinadora: Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida [Orientador] Felipe Ferreira Vander Velden Omar Ribeiro Thomaz Data da defesa: 28-03-2012 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Antropologia Social iv v vi Dedico estes escritos a todas as pessoas que lutam e que lutaram pelos direitos animais. vii AGRADECIMENTOS Fruto da dedicação pessoal e do suporte de pessoas com as quais convivi durante os meses de pesquisa, este trabalho foi possível, como todos são, por um esforço coletivo. Agradeço primeiramente ao CNPq, pelo suporte financeiro. Agradeço às pessoas que vivenciaram de modo mais intenso o caminho trilhado na construção dessa dissertação: a Ronaldo Rômulo de Almeida, pela orientação, acolhimento, críticas positivas e pressões necessárias que me fizeram caminhar. A Dennis Zagha Blowol, companheiro de discussões, de militância e de experimentos alimentares (os quais fizeram parte da prática de observação-participante); a Rodrigo Iamarino Caravita e Flávia Slompo, grandes amigos, companheiros e antropólogos que iluminaram meus debates e minhas inquietações ao longo da pesquisa (o primeiro, também por me mostrar a macrobiótica e as possibilidades culinárias veganas, e a segunda, pela exposição de ricos incômodos ao redor do tema). Agradeço a Felipe Ferreira Vander Velden, pelas belas críticas construtivas, sugestões bibliográficas e discussões pertinentes, que me levaram aos debates antropológicos contemporâneos; a Omar Ribeiro Thomaz e a Heloisa Pontes, pela importante contribuição em minha formação, desde a graduação, e por serem fortes influências no desenvolvimento de minha paixão pela antropologia; a Mauro Almeida e Nádia Farage, por me inspirarem, desde a graduação, a ingressar no rico debate antropológico e filosófico a respeito das relações entre humanos e não-humanos e a outros tantos professores que fizeram parte de minha formação, na minha graduação na Unicamp e, depois dela, no curso de mestrado: Suely Kofes, pela profundidade das questões teóricas levantadas dentro da antropologia, e a outros professores do IFCH. Também não poderia deixar de agradecer aos professores do colégio Oswald de Andrade. Agradeço a todos meus colegas de turma de mestrado, pelo companheirismo, compressão e solidariedade em diversos momentos: Bruna Bumachar, Ernenek Mejía, Fabiana Andrade, Thiago Novaes, Ricardo Freire, José Quidel, Jimena Pichinao, Desireé de Lemos Azevedo, Larissa Nadai, Jean Maia e outros que irei mencionar adiante. Aos de colegas de outras turmas, como Fabiana Mendes, Guilherme Mansur, Cristiane Santos, Daniel de Lucca, Bernardo Freire que também me ajudaram, através de conversas, em momentos distintos. Aos meus colegas de grupos de estudo e companheiros de discussão ao redor do tema, Guilherme Antunes, Débora Siqueira, Luna Pavão e Rafael Cremonini. Agradeço a Raquel Taminato e a Taniele Rui, especialmente viii pelas leituras de meu projeto, e a Juliana Vergueiro pela inspiração temática, pela amizade e pelo excelente trabalho acadêmico. Aos meus eternos amigos de viagem, Rafael Chaves e Rodrigo Sampaio Primo e aos amigos de longa data, inspirações e estímulos constantes: Ana Carolina Aoki Fraile, Tatiane dos Santos Pereira, Yuhu Minami, Upper e Danilo “Mandioca” (quem participou da minha trajetória de pesquisa sobre o tema já no colegial). Aos casais Odair e Lumena, Sílvia e João, além dos amigos presentes Carlos Corvalan, Daniel, Gabriel, entre muitos outros... Aos meus amigos do colégio Oswald, local onde comecei a tomar contato com o tema, no ano 2000. Aos amigos de Unicamp, pela força, carinho e diversão: em especial agradeço a Lucélia Mattos, Thaís Antunes, Fernanda Moraes, pela presença, além dos meus queridos amigos e colegas cientistas sociais, que entraram na turma de 2004, do período noturno. Muito carinho por todos, fundamentais no meu percurso acadêmico. O pessoal do Curso Livre de Ciências Humanas, colegas e amigos com quem compartilhei trabalhos e utopias. A Luciana Ramirez e Marcelo Ribeiro, pela sensibilidade. Agradeço imensamente às pessoas que conheci durante a pesquisa, através das quais obtive importantes informações a respeito do movimento pelos direitos animais em nosso país. A rica vivência durante os estudos de campo, as entrevistas, as manifestações políticas, desenvolveram em mim uma admiração profunda em relação àqueles cujas palavras me indicavam pensamentos e cujas ações exemplificavam posturas, através das quais o veganismo e a luta pela libertação animal se expanderiam. Entre alguns nomes, agradeço a Laerte Levai, Tamara Bauab, Beatriz Medina, Luisa Pereira, Regina Nery, Renata Octaviani, Sérgio Greif, Silvana Andrade, Bruno Muller, pela disponibilidade, pelas informações e pelos debates. Mais indiretamente, agradeço ainda a Mirian Meneses Costa, George Guimarães, Ellen Flamboyant, Cláudio Godoy, Vinícuis Lodi, Bruno Azambuja, Christian Saboia, Fábio Chaves e tantos outros... Agradeço a todos pelas ricas discussões no GEDA, pelas entrevistas no ENDA, e pelos bate-papos informais, que ocorriam a todo momento, em um evento vegano, em um congresso vegetariano, ou em jantares nos restaurantes do circuito. Aos amigos e organizadores das Semanas Vegetarianas da Unicamp, nos anos de 2009 a 2011, as quais pude acompanhar de perto e ajudar na organização. A todos, muito obrigada pelos momentos ricos e de muita responsabilidade. A todos os funcionários do IFCH, especialmente à Maria José, pelo cuidado e apoio acadêmico; aos bibliotecários, pela disponibilidade durantes as muitas horas de biblioteca; ao ix Benet, que eu sempre encontrava nos corredores; ao Dinei, atrás do balcão da cantina, e ao Benê, no xerox, todos, personagens com seus sorrisos ou assobios cotidianos, que faziam meus dias de trabalho mais alegres. Ao pessoal dos coletivos Trocas Verdes e Céu Aberto, pelo momentos de prazer, trabalho e de sonhos compartilhados. Aos recentes (e já grandes) amigos do dhamma, da Casa de Dharma e da Sociedade Budista do Brasil. Agradeço aos meus pais, Iracema e José Carlos, e à minha irmã Carol, pelo carinho, pela paciência e pelos incentivos constates, sem os quais não conceberia este trabalho. x Resumo: A partir de estudo etnográfico em congressos, manifestações públicas e encontros organizados ao redor do tema do vegetarianismo e da luta pelos direitos animais, a dissertação descreve a formação e a dinâmica de um movimento político em território brasileiro, expondo as principais discussões que mobilizam os ativistas na busca da emancipação dos animais na sociedade. Orientada pelo debate antropológico contemporâneo, voltado para observação das relações entre humanos e não-humanos, pode-se analisar uma discussão atual, na qual os atores não-humanos adquirem status de sujeito, o que mobiliza humanos na formação de um novo modo de fazer política e de se relacionar, em variadas esferas da vida social: a mudança de hábitos alimentares (disseminação da dieta vegetariana), o entretenimento (fim do uso de animais em circos, rodeios, touradas), bem como a revisão e a reflexão profundas sobre o modo de produção científica (fim dos testes em animais em pesquisas biomédicas e início de uma visão, dentro das ciências humanas, que encare seres não-humanos como atores sociais). Palavras-chave: vegetarianismo, veganismo, direito animal, domesticação. Abstract: Starting from an ethnographic study at conferences, public events and meetings organized around the theme of the vegetarianism and the struggle for animal rights, the manuscript describes the formation and dynamics of a political movement in brazilian territory, exposing the main discussions that mobilize activists in pursuit of the emancipation of the animals in society. Guided by contemporary anthropological debate, aimed at observing the relationship between humans and nonhumans, can analyze a current discussion, in which nonhumans acquire status of subject,
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