Majelis Taklim Perempuan Dan Perubahan Sosial Pada Masyarakat Perkotaan

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Majelis Taklim Perempuan Dan Perubahan Sosial Pada Masyarakat Perkotaan Majelis Taklim Perempuan dan Perubahan Sosial Pada masyarakat Perkotaan Umdatul Hasanah--cet 1. Magelang: PKBM Ngudi Ilmu, 2017. 14,8 X 21 cm; xii, 262 hlm. ISBN: 978-602-1552-48-3 Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang All Right reserved Editor: Agus Ali Dzawafi Perancang Sampul: Haryana Cerah Cetakan I, Januari 2017 Diterbitkan Oleh: PKBM “Ngudi Ilmu” Jl. Kyai Sampir No. 3, Kalirejo, Salaman Magelang, 56162 Telp. +62 81219748141 Email: [email protected] KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin, segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan hanya kepada Allah SWT, Tuhan semesta alam, pemilik segala daya dan kekuatan. Hanya dengan kekuatan-Nya, Taufik, Hidayah serta Inayah-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan buku ini. Buku ini merupakan disertasi penulis di SPs UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penyelesian penelitian ini cukup melelahkan, menyita segala energi pikiran, tenaga, waktu, biaya dan perasaan. Suka dan duka selama proses perkuliahan sampai penulisan menjadi kenangan yang tidak terlupakan. Rasa lelah dan kenangan yang tidak mengenakkan tertutupi sudah dengan rasa bahagia memperoleh banyak ilmu dari para ahli di kampus ini yang mengagumkan. Rasa bahagia itu juga demikian mendalam penulis rasakan ketika dapat menyelesaikan karya ini, sulit rasanya penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas ini tanpa bantuan dan pengertian berbagai pihak. Penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya penulis sampaikan kepada Prof. DR. H.M. Bambang Pranowo, MA dan Prof. DR. H. Sukron Kamil, MA, terimakasih telah bersedia menjadi promotor penulis yang dengan ikhlas, teliti dan sabar membimbing penulis. Di tengah kesibukannya selalu bersedia melayani penulis dengan terbuka dan baik hati. Saran dan kritik serta pertanyaan-pertanyaan kritis telah membantu mengasah kembali kepekaan penulis untuk memahami, menyelami berbagai sisi dalam penulisan ini. Semoga ilmu dan wawasan yang telah ditransmisikan kepada penulis bermanfaat dan menjadi amal jariah, Jazakumullah. Ucapan terimakasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tinginya juga penulis sampaikan kepada Direktur Pascasarjana SPS UIN Syarif Hidayatullah yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk menimba ilmu di lembaga yang cukup diperhitungkan ini. Terimakasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada para dosen yang telah berbagi ilmu, wawasan dan pemikiran yang telah membuka cakrawala berpikir dan memancing daya kritis penulis dalam studi keislaman. Semoga menjadi amal jariyah yang pahalanya terus mengalir tiada akhir. Kepada para pegawai, staf administrasi dan perpustakaan di lingkungan SPS UIN Jakarta, penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih atas segala bantuan dan pelayanannya. Penghargaan dan ucapan terimakasih yang setinggi-tingginya penulis sampaikan kepada Rektor IAIN SMH Banten dan segenap iii pimpinan yang telah memberikan izin dan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melanjutkan studi ini, semoga kebaikan dan dukungan nya mendapat balasan dari Allah SWT. Terimakasih untuk segenap keluarga tercinta, khususnya suami M. Aan Ansori yang telah mendukung sepenuhnya, baik moril, materil dan juga tenaganya. Di tengah kesibukannya, terkadang menyempat- kan diri mendampingi penulis untuk keperluan studi dan penulisan ini, serta anak-anak tercinta Haikal Munawwar Fikri dan Fawaz Fairuzzaman yang telah merelakan waktu-waktu bersama mereka tersita untuk keperluan studi dan penulisan ini. Terimakasih atas segala pengertian, support dan doanya, semoga karya ini dapat menjadi motivasi bagi ananda. Demikian juga kedua orang tua H.M. Hilman Isma’il dan Ibunda Masyi’ah Yasin yang tiada lelah dan bosan untuk selalu mendukung dan mendoakan anaknya. Terimakasih juga untuk ibu Mertua Hj. Maryam yang selalu mendoakan penulis. Terimakasih juga untuk kanda H. Sukiman dan teh hj. Yati Nurhayati yang telah memberikan fasilitas penginapan dan segala keperluan penulis selama singgah di Ciputat, dan saudaraku yang lainnya, kang Anis, Tati, dan bibi asisten di rumah serta saudara-saudara lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Terimakasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada Prof. DR. Irwan Abdullah, MA, (Guru Besar UGM) yang bersahaja, rendah hati yang selalu memberi inspirasi dan motivasi, diskusi singkat bersama beliau membuka jalan pemikiran penulis dan memberikan inspirasi dalam mengembangkan gagasan untuk penulisan ini. Terimakasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada kawan-kawan yang telah banyak membantu, mensuport, meringankan beban, tempat curhat dan bertanya serta menjadi teman diskusi penulis, terimakasih teh Nihayatul Masykuroh, Ilah Holilah, Aang Saeful Milah, Badai Ismaturopi, Ayatullah Khumaeni, Sri Wahyuni, Desi Amalia, dan banyak lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan namanya satu persatu, terimakasih untuk semua saran, kritik dan masukannya, hanya Allah yang bisa membalas segala kebaikan kawan-kawan semua. Terimakasih yang tidak terlupakan kepada seluruh informan yang telah berbagi informasi, memberikan fasilitas dan kemudahan selama penelitian lapangan. Para Ustadhah dan pengurus BKMT, FKMT dan ketua Majelis taklim serta jamaah, khususnya ustadhah Titin Rasyidah dan Ustadhah Hj. Rabiatul Adawiyah yang telah banyak membantu memberikan informasi dan mendampingi penulis iv selama penelitian. Tidak lupa kepada pihak pemerintah Kecamatan Setiabudi, dan kelurahan serta tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh agama yang telah membantu memberikan data dan informasi, semoga Allah membalas segala kebaikan bapak-ibu semuanya. Kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu selama proses perkuliahan dan penulisan ini baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, penulis ucapkan terimakasih, semoga Allah membalas segala kebaikan yang catatan-Nya tidak akan hilang dan terlupakan, jazakumullah khairan katsiran. Hanya kepada Allah penulis pasrahkan diri, dari segala kelemahan, kesalahan, kekhilafan dan kelalaian. Semoga karya ini memberikan manfaat dan keberkahan bagi kita semua. Amin ya Rabbal alamin. Allah a’lam bi al-s{awa<b Cilegon, Januari 2017 v ABSTRAK Majelis Taklim merupakan lembaga pengajaran agama bagi orang dewasa yang khas di Indonesia, oleh karena perkembangannya demikian pesat di kalangan kaum perempuan menjadikan Majelis Taklim kini identik dengan kaum perempuan. Keberadaannya saat ini telah mengalami pergeseran bukan hanya sebagai lembaga pendidikan keagamaan, namun juga menjadi fasilitas bagi pengembangan peran publik perempuan, khususnya dalam bidang sosial keagamaan. Melalui Majelis Taklim, kaum perempuan tidak hanya dibekali dengan penguatan peran tradisional dalam lingkup domestik akan tetapi juga dengan peran-peran keagamaan publik yang menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat perkotaan kontemporer. Pertemuan antara kontinuitas dan pergeseran dalam Majelis Taklim bukan hanya melahirkan konsep keseimbangan peran, tetapi juga membuatnya berwajah ganda. Majelis Taklim dapat dianalogikan seperti pintu gerbang yang memiliki tiga fungsi, yaitu pintu masuk, pintu keluar, dan pos penjagaan atau pengamanan. Sebagai pintu masuk, Majelis Taklim berfungsi memperkuat peran perempuan dalam ruang domestik dan institusi keluarga, dengan peran ini Majelis Taklim telah menjadi bagian dari penguatan ideologi Familialisme. Sebagai pintu keluar, Majelis Taklim mendorong perempuan untuk terlibat dalam pembangunan bangsa dengan peran publik yang lebih luas, dalam hal ini Majelis Taklim telah menjadi bagian dari strategi meruntuhkan hirarki gender. Sebagai pos penjagaan dan pengamanan, Majelis Taklim memperkokoh nilai- nilai agama, budaya dan tradisi masyarakat, serta menolak segala bentuk penetrasi budaya yang tidak sesuai dengan ajaran dan norma agama, dengan demikian Majelis Taklim telah menjadi bagian dari barikade pertahanan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa agama menjadi spirit dan modal bagi kemajuan dan peningkatan partisipasi perempuan dalam peran publik. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan pendapat Haideh Moghissi yang berpendapat bahwa penerapan aturan agama (Islam) berdampak buruk pada kehidupan perempuan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga berbeda dengan pemahaman Amira Al-Durra bahwa agama dan tradisi merupakan akar penyebab kemunduran perempuan. Penelitian ini memperkuat pendapat Rachel Rinaldo bahwa kesalehan menjadi spirit perjuangan perempuan Indonesia juga pendapat Isobel Coleman yang berpandangan bahwa agama menjadi spirit bagi perempuan dalam melakukan reformasi di banyak negara, dan juga pendapat Masooda Bano dan Hillary Kalmbach yang menyatakan bahwa perempuan di banyak tempat telah teruji kepemimpinan dan otoritasnya melalui ruang publik agama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan Sosiologis pada kelompok Majelis Taklim Perempuan di wilayah Kecamatan Setiabudi Jakarta Selatan. vi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN COVER ............................................................................................. i KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii ABSTRAK.............................................................................................vi PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ...................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ........................................................... 1 B. Permasalahan .......................................................................... 13 1. Identifikasi Masalah ........................................................... 13 2. Pembatasan Masalah .........................................................
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