DOCSLIB.ORG

Cardinalfish (Apogonidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cardinalfish (Apogonidae) Colour vision diversity in coral reef fishes: Cardinalfish (Apogonidae) Martin Luhrmann M.Sc., B.Sc. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2018 The Queensland Brain Institute Abstract Colour vision is important for numerous behavioural tasks in animals, but the selective forces underlying the evolutionary diversification of colour vision remain poorly understood. The visual systems of fish are broadly tuned to environmental light conditions, yet this concept alone does not explain the full extent of variability found in their opsin proteins, the molecular building blocks of photopigments, and their corresponding photoreceptor spectral sensitivities. However, what other selective forces, environmental or behavioural, impact the evolution of colour vision variability in this group is unclear. Coral reef fishes, which boast stunningly diverse body colours and patterns, fascinating researchers for decades, are no exception to this. Thus, considering their great species, colour, and ecological diversity, these animals are ideal to study the many facetted nature of colour vision diversification. The objective of this thesis was to elucidate the mechanisms influencing colour vision diversification in one of the most abundant and diverse fish families found on tropical coral reefs world-wide: cardinalfishes (Apogonidae). These small fish are predominantly nocturnal foragers and aggregate in multispecies assemblages at refuge sites in and around coral heads during the day. Using molecular, physiological, anatomical and behavioural methods, I discovered that cardinalfish visual systems, specifically their colour vision, are remarkably diverse. Despite their nocturnal habits, cardinalfish express a broad palette of opsin genes, translating into cone photoreceptor spectral sensitivities ranging from violet (420 nm) to green/yellow (537 nm). Opsin expression and photoreceptor sensitivities furthermore showed potentially functional differentiation, and I identified microhabitat partitioning as a factor that contributes to this. Finally, I showed that opsin gene expression changes in response to altered light conditions in adult reef fish, and that these changes likely differ between distinct reef fish families. These findings expand our understanding of colour vision diversification among reef fishes by highlighting that even among predominantly nocturnally active species, colour vision appears to be vital. Furthermore, demonstrating the dynamic nature of reef fish opsin gene expression over short time spans and in response to environmental changes, as well as identifying microhabitat partitioning behaviour as a likely candidate for a factor contributing to colour vision diversification in cardinalfishes, revealed some aspects involved in the diversification of reef fish visual systems, while adding to the complexity of the system. ii Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, financial support and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my higher degree by research candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis and have sought permission from co-authors for any jointly authored works included in the thesis. iii Publications during candidature Luehrmann, M.; Stieb, S. M.; Carleton, K. L.; Pietzger, A.; Cheney, K. L.; Marshall, N. J. (2018) Short term colour vision plasticity on the reef: Changes in opsin expression under varying light conditions differ between ecologically distinct reef fish species. Journal of Experimental Biology. doi:10.1242/jeb.175281 Publications included in this thesis Data from chapter 3 has been published as: Luehrmann, M.; Stieb, S. M.; Carleton, K. L.; Pietzger, A.; Cheney, K. L.; Marshall, N. J. (2018) Short term colour vision plasticity on the reef: Changes in opsin expression under varying light conditions differ between ecologically distinct reef fish species. Journal of Experimental Biology. doi:10.1242/jeb.175281 iv Submitted manuscripts included in this thesis Data from chapter 2 has been submitted for publication (02 Sep 2018, in review) as: Luehrmann, M.; Carleton, K. L.; Cortesi, F.; Cheney, K. L.; Marshall, N. J. Surprising visual pigment diversity in nocturnal reef fishes: the cardinalfish (Apogonidae). Molecular Ecology v Contributions by others to the thesis SM Stieb contributed to conception, experimentation, and manuscript editing of Chapter 3. F Cortesi helped during fieldwork with fish catching (Chapter 2 & 4), and microhabitat counts for Chapter 4. KL Carleton helped with λmax sequence calculations for Chapter 2. NJ Marshall and KL Cheney provided feedback and suggestions for drafts of the entire thesis. KL Carleton provided additional feedback and suggestions for drafts of Chapters two and three. F Cortesi provided feedback for drafts of Chapters two and four. Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree None. Research Involving Human or Animal Subjects Research was carried out with permission of the University of Queensland Animal Ethics Committee (AEC approval numbers: QBI/236/13/ARC/US AIRFORCE and QBI/304/16. vi Acknowledgements First of all, I want to express my gratitude to The University of Queensland and the Queensland Brain Institute for enabling me to conduct my PhD studies here in beautiful Australia. Thank you also to my supervisors, Justin Marshall and Karen Cheney, for putting trust in me by giving me the opportunity to join their research groups, and in doing so, allowing me to visit wonderful Lizard Island for fieldwork, travel to international conferences, and meet many fantastic people. I particularly want to thank Sara Stieb, who has been a wonderful mentor, colleague, office mate, and friend. Sara, I don’t think I would have lasted until the end if it hadn’t been for your encouragement and peace of mind. Equally big hugs and thanks I owe to Fabio Cortesi and Fanny de Busserolles, for being great teachers, office mates and friends. Thank you guys! Thank you Marshall and Cheney lab for having been a fantastic group of people to get to know and work with. Specifically, I want to express my gratitude to Wen-Sung Chung, who introduced me to the world of microspectrophotometry and managed to never be annoyed when I came running to ask for technical assistance. I am particularly grateful to have met Karen Carleton. It was a pleasure getting to know you, and I am especially thankful for you always having a friendly ear, as well as being inspirational. Thank you Janette Edson, manager of the QBI sequencing facility, for handling all my RNA sequencing needs, and providing troubleshoot expertise whenever needed. I also want to express my gratitude to my PhD committee members, Ian Tibbetts, Massimo Hilliard, Stephen Williams, and Bruno van Swinderen who kindly stepped in as backup committee Chair for my M2 milestone, and whose critical but extremely constructive feedback was instrumental in getting to the finish line. Thank you to all staff, present and past, at Lizard Island Research Station, you are doing a fantastic job, and I hope I will have opportunities to come and visit in the future. Thanks to Steve Doo and Alexia Landry, without whom months of unsuccessful fish training probably would have had a much heavier toll on me than it had in the end. vii Thank you Justin, Karen, Karen (Carleton), Fabio and Sara for all the time and effort put into providing feedback to my draft manuscripts. Thank you also to my thesis examiners. Finally, I want thank my friends and family for putting up with my grumpiness, and to the most important of you, for tolerating my being on the other side of the world… A special thanks to Tino, for keeping me sane, grounded, and making fur ensuring I did not starve during the last few months of writing. You are fantastic! viii Financial support This research was supported by a University of Queensland International living allowance stipend and a University of Queensland International tuition fee waiver stipend. Research was also funded by the Australian Research Council. Keywords cardinalfish, coral reef fish, colour vision, opsin, spectral tuning, niche partitioning,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Megan E
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School November 2017 Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Megan E. Hepner University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Hepner, Megan E., "Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7408 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reef Fish Biodiversity in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary by Megan E. Hepner A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Marine Science with a concentration in Marine Resource Assessment College of Marine Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Frank Muller-Karger, Ph.D. Christopher Stallings, Ph.D. Steve Gittings, Ph.D. Date of Approval: October 31st, 2017 Keywords: Species richness, biodiversity, functional diversity, species traits Copyright © 2017, Megan E. Hepner ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to my major advisor, Dr. Frank Muller-Karger, who provided opportunities for me to strengthen my skills as a researcher on research cruises, dive surveys, and in the laboratory, and as a communicator through oral and presentations at conferences, and for encouraging my participation as a full team member in various meetings of the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and other science meetings.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and Patterns of Asymmetrical Diversification in Body Size and Feeding Ecology
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.07.430149; this version posted February 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology Charlene L. McCord a, W. James Cooper b, Chloe M. Nash c, d & Mark W. Westneat c, d a California State University Dominguez Hills, College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90747 b Western Washington University, Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225 c University of Chicago, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, 1027 E. 57th St, Chicago IL, 60637, USA d Field Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 Corresponding author: Mark W. Westneat [email protected] Journal: PLoS One Keywords: Pomacentridae, phylogenetics, body size, diversification, evolution, ecotype Abstract The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages with ecological and economic importance for coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 330 of the 422 damselfish species.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • First Quantitative Ecological Study of the Hin Pae Pinnacle, Mu Ko Chumphon, Thailand
    Ramkhamhaeng International Journal of Science and Technology (2020) 3(3): 37-45 ORIGINAL PAPER First quantitative ecological study of the Hin Pae pinnacle, Mu Ko Chumphon, Thailand Makamas Sutthacheepa*, Sittiporn Pengsakuna, Supphakarn Phoaduanga, Siriluck Rongprakhona , Chainarong Ruengthongb, Supawadee Hamaneec, Thamasak Yeemina, a Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Huamark, Bangkok, Thailand b Chumphon Marine National Park Operation Center 1, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chumphon Province, Thailand c School of Business Administration, Sripatum University, Jatujak, Bangkok *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 21 August 2020 / Revised: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 Abstract. The Western Gulf of Thailand holds a rich set protection. These ecosystems also play significant of coral reef communities, especially at the islands of Mu roles in the Gulf of Thailand regarding public Ko Chumphon Marine National Park, being of great importance to Thailand’s biodiversity and economy due awareness of coastal resources conservation to its touristic potential. The goal of this study was to (Cesar, 2000; Yeemin et al., 2006; Wilkinson, provide a first insight on the reef community of Hin Pae, 2008). Consequently, coral reefs hold significant a pinnacle located 20km off the shore of Chumphon benefits to the socioeconomic development in Province, a known SCUBA diving site with the potential Thailand. to become a popular tourist destination. The survey was conducted during May 2019, when a 100m transect was used to characterize the habitat. Hin Pae holds a rich reef Chumphon Province has several marine tourism community with seven different coral taxa, seven hotspots, such as the islands in Mu Ko Chumphon invertebrates, and 44 fish species registered to the National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Mammalian Vision Be Restored Following Optic Nerve Degeneration?
    Journal name: Journal of Neurorestoratology Article Designation: REVIEW Year: 2016 Volume: 4 Journal of Neurorestoratology Dovepress Running head verso: Kuffler Running head recto: Restoring vision following an optic nerve injury open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JN.S109523 Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Can mammalian vision be restored following optic nerve degeneration? Damien P Kuffler Abstract: For most adult vertebrates, glaucoma, trauma, and tumors close to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) result in their neuron death and no possibility of vision reestablishment. For more Institute of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, distant traumas, RGCs survive, but their axons do not regenerate into the distal nerve stump San Juan, Puerto Rico due to regeneration-inhibiting factors and absence of regeneration-promoting factors. The annual clinical incidence of blindness in the United States is 1:28 (4%) for persons >40 years, with the total number of blind people approaching 1.6 million. Thus, failure of optic nerves to regenerate is a significant problem. However, following transection of the optic nerve of adult amphibians and fish, the RGCs survive and their axons regenerate through the distal optic nerve stump and reestablish appropriate functional retinotopic connections and fully functional For personal use only. vision. This is because they lack factors that inhibit axon regeneration and possess factors that promote regeneration. The axon regeneration in lower vertebrates has led to extensive studies by using them as models in studies that attempt to understand the mechanisms by which axon regeneration is promoted, so that these mechanisms might be applied to higher vertebrates for restoring vision.
    [Show full text]
  • MARKET FISHES of INDONESIA Market Fishes
    MARKET FISHES OF INDONESIA market fishes Market fishes indonesiaof of Indonesia 3 This bilingual, full-colour identification William T. White guide is the result of a joint collaborative 3 Peter R. Last project between Indonesia and Australia 3 Dharmadi and is an essential reference for fish 3 Ria Faizah scientists, fisheries officers, fishers, 3 Umi Chodrijah consumers and enthusiasts. 3 Budi Iskandar Prisantoso This is the first detailed guide to the bony 3 John J. Pogonoski fish species that are caught and marketed 3 Melody Puckridge in Indonesia. The bilingual layout contains information on identifying features, size, 3 Stephen J.M. Blaber distribution and habitat of 873 bony fish species recorded during intensive surveys of fish landing sites and markets. 155 market fishes indonesiaof jenis-jenis ikan indonesiadi 3 William T. White 3 Peter R. Last 3 Dharmadi 3 Ria Faizah 3 Umi Chodrijah 3 Budi Iskandar Prisantoso 3 John J. Pogonoski 3 Melody Puckridge 3 Stephen J.M. Blaber The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. ACIAR operates as part of Australia’s international development cooperation program, with a mission to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, for the benefit of developing countries and Australia. It commissions collaborative research between Australian and developing-country researchers in areas where Australia has special research competence. It also administers Australia’s contribution to the International Agricultural Research Centres. Where trade names are used, this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by ACIAR. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research and development objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Anolis Lizards
    Animal Behaviour 85 (2013) 1415e1426 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Convergent evolution in the territorial communication of a classic adaptive radiation: Caribbean Anolis lizards Terry J. Ord a,*, Judy A. Stamps b, Jonathan B. Losos c a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia b Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A. c Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. article info To demonstrate adaptive convergent evolution, it must be shown that shared phenotypes have evolved Article history: independently in different lineages and that a credible selection pressure underlies adaptive evolution. Received 11 December 2012 There are a number of robust examples of adaptive convergence in morphology for which both these Initial acceptance 4 February 2013 criteria have been met, but examples from animal behaviour have rarely been tested as rigorously. Final acceptance 15 March 2013 Adaptive convergence should be common in behaviour, especially behaviour used for communication, Available online 3 May 2013 because the environment often shapes the evolution of signal design. In this study we report on the origins MS. number: A12-00933 of a shared design of a territorial display among Anolis species of lizards from two island radiations in the Caribbean. These lizards perform an elaborate display that consists of a complex series of headbobs and Keywords: dewlap extensions. The way in which these movements are incorporated into displays is generally species adaptation specific, but species on the islands of Jamaica and Puerto Rico also share fundamental aspects in display Anolis lizard design, resulting in two general display types.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S
    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The AQUATIC DESIGN CENTRE
    The AQUATIC DESIGN CENTRE ltd 26 Zennor Road Trade Park, Balham, SW12 0PS Ph: 020 7580 6764 [email protected] PLEASE CALL TO CHECK AVAILABILITY ON DAY Complete Freshwater Livestock (2019) Livebearers Common Name In Stock Y/N Limia melanogaster Y Poecilia latipinna Dalmatian Molly Y Poecilia latipinna Silver Lyre Tail Molly Y Poecilia reticulata Male Guppy Asst Colours Y Poecilia reticulata Red Cap, Cobra, Elephant Ear Guppy Y Poecilia reticulata Female Guppy Y Poecilia sphenops Molly: Black, Canary, Silver, Marble. y Poecilia velifera Sailfin Molly Y Poecilia wingei Endler's Guppy Y Xiphophorus hellerii Swordtail: Pineapple,Red, Green, Black, Lyre Y Xiphophorus hellerii Kohaku Swordtail, Koi, HiFin Xiphophorus maculatus Platy: wagtail,blue,red, sunset, variatus Y Tetras Common Name Aphyocarax paraguayemsis White Tip Tetra Aphyocharax anisitsi Bloodfin Tetra Y Arnoldichthys spilopterus Red Eye Tetra Y Axelrodia riesei Ruby Tetra Bathyaethiops greeni Red Back Congo Tetra Y Boehlkea fredcochui Blue King Tetra Copella meinkeni Spotted Splashing Tetra Crenuchus spilurus Sailfin Characin y Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Black Widow Tetra Y Hasemania nana Silver Tipped Tetra y Hemigrammus erythrozonus Glowlight Tetra y Hemigrammus ocelifer Beacon Tetra y Hemigrammus pulcher Pretty Tetra y Hemigrammus rhodostomus Diamond Back Rummy Nose y Hemigrammus rhodostomus Rummy nose Tetra y Hemigrammus rubrostriatus Hemigrammus vorderwimkieri Platinum Tetra y Hyphessobrycon amandae Ember Tetra y Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Amapa Tetra Y Hyphessobrycon bentosi
    [Show full text]
  • TRPV1 and Endocannabinoids: Emerging Molecular Signals That Modulate Mammalian Vision
    Cells 2014, 3, 914-938; doi:10.3390/cells3030914 OPEN ACCESS cells ISSN 2073-4409 www.mdpi.com/journal/cells Review TRPV1 and Endocannabinoids: Emerging Molecular Signals that Modulate Mammalian Vision 1,2,†, 1,2,† 1,† 1,2,3,4, Daniel A. Ryskamp *, Sarah Redmon , Andrew O. Jo and David Križaj * 1 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (A.O.J.) 2 Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA 3 Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA 4 Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA † Those authors contributed equally to this work. * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (D.A.R.); [email protected] (D.K.); Tel.: +1-801-213-2777 (D.K.); Fax: +1-801-587-8314 (D.K.). Received: 1 July 2014; in revised form: 27 August 2014 / Accepted: 5 September 2014 / Published: 12 September 2014 Abstract: Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) subunits form a polymodal cation channel responsive to capsaicin, heat, acidity and endogenous metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. While originally reported to serve as a pain and heat detector in the peripheral nervous system, TRPV1 has been implicated in the modulation of blood flow and osmoregulation but also neurotransmission, postsynaptic neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity within the central nervous system.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]