Making Publics, Making Places
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Welcome to the electronic edition of Making Publics, Making Places. The book opens with the bookmark panel and you will see the contents page. Click on this anytime to return to the contents. You can also add your own bookmarks. Each chapter heading in the contents table is clickable and will take you direct to the chapter. Return using the contents link in the bookmarks. The whole document is fully searchable. Enjoy. Making Publics, Making Places The high-quality paperback edition of this book is available for purchase online: https://shop.adelaide.edu.au/ Making Publics, Making Places Edited by Mary Griffiths and Kim Barbour Published in Adelaide by University of Adelaide Press Barr Smith Library The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 [email protected] www.adelaide.edu.au/press The University of Adelaide Press publishes peer reviewed scholarly books. It aims to maximise access to the best research by publishing works through the internet as free downloads and for sale as high quality printed volumes. © 2016 The Contributors This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This licence allows for the copying, distribution, display and performance of this work for non-commercial purposes providing the work is clearly attributed to the copyright holders. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. For the full Cataloguing-in-Publication data please contact the National Library of Australia: [email protected] ISBN (paperback) 978-1-925261-42-4 ISBN (ebook: pdf) 978-1-925261-43-1 ISBN (ebook: epub) 978-1-925261-44-8 ISBN (ebook: kindle) 978-1-925261-45-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20851/publics Editor: Rebecca Burton Editorial support: Julia Keller Book design: Zoë Stokes Cover design: Emma Spoehr Cover image: © Casey Reas, www.reas.com Paperback printed by Griffin Press, South Australia Contents Preface vii Abstracts ix List of contributors xv 1 Making publics, making places 1 Mary Griffiths and Kim Barbour 2 The elasticity of the public sphere: Expansion, contraction and 9 'other' media John Budarick 3 'Imagine if our cities talked to us': Questions about the making of 27 'responsive' places and urban publics Mary Griffiths 4 Picturing placelessness: Online graphic narratives and Australia's 49 refugee detention centres Aaron Humphrey 5 Reclaiming heritage for UNESCO: Discursive practices and 75 community building in northern Italy Maria Cristina Paganoni 6 Find your Adelaide: Digital placemaking with Adelaide City 95 Explorer Darren Peacock and Jill MacKenzie 7 Chinese films and the sense of place: Beijing as 'Thirdspace' from 111 In the Heat of the Sun to Mr Six Hongyan Zou and Peter C Pugsley 8 Social media and news media: Building new publics or fragmenting 129 audiences? Kathryn Bowd Making Publics, Making Places 9 The use of Chinese social media by foreign embassies: How 145 'generative technologies' are offering opportunities for modern diplomacy Ying Jiang 10 An opinion leader and the making of a city on China's Sina Weibo 163 Wilfred Yang Wang 11 Public audiencing: Using Twitter to study audience engagement 179 with characters and actors Kim Barbour 12 Overcoming the tyranny of distance? High speed broadband and 193 the significance of place Jenny Kennedy, Rowan Wilken, Bjorn Nansen, Michael Arnold and Mitchell Harrop vi Preface The impetus for Making Publics, Making Places was a desire to map the connections and disjunctions between scholarly approaches to understanding the making of publics and places. Primarily, the approaches in this collection represent the broad field of media scholarship complemented by perspectives from adjacent disciplines. The collection is exploratory, a boldly heterogeneous reaffirmation that places and publics continue to be the focus of investigations into cultural practices in a hypermediated era. In accounts of mediation and societal change, digital technologies are often framed as taking on an agency of their own. Nigel Thrift's (2014) editorial commentary for an issue of Environment and Planning A on data, space and place notes an important limitation in taking up either side of the Manichean divide on technological and human determinism. He argues that not only is technology 'more mundane than it is generally portrayed, it is part of people's practices and adapts to them'. Its impact is therefore more likely to result in a 'slow upheaval' of change made by mostly invisible technology infrastructure, rather than 'some kind of ecstatic change' (p. 1264). Taking on Thrift's argument about the symbiotic nature of advances in technology and people's practices of use, our aim in the call for chapters was to invite contributors to help shape a collection illustrating the breadth and variety of approaches to understanding new media's generative power in everyday life. The volume thus attends to two specific areas of disruption and generative change which are often taken up separately, despite their intrinsically linked nature: understandings of publics, and understandings of place. Following Couldry's advice on the opening up of cultural theory, we aimed to include perspectives beyond those in our disciplinary location as new media researchers — perspectives with the potential to 'open up possible empirical work on culture' (2000, p. 14). Couldry notes the benefits of stepping out of theoretical straightjackets, and refers to Stuart Hall's advice that 'the only theory worth having is the theory you have to fight off, not the one you speak with profound fluency' (1992 in Couldry 2000, p. 280). This advice was also persuasive in shaping the call. We invited contributions from any discipline that accounted for the contexts, moments and practices that shape places and publics in the digital age. Contributors responded creatively, by assessing the impact of specific Making Publics, Making Places practices, and by identifying the diverse ways in which users and makers respond to their empowerment through technologies. This final editorial selection, through the thematic connections described in Chapter One, addresses the challenges and potential changes to power relations and cultural practices inherent in the production of publics and places, interrogating how these terms come into play, how they are resisted, and how they are remade. Contributors approach these areas of change from research areas as diverse as heritage studies, television audiences, film, comics and news, to high speed broadband, online diplomacy, online activism, ethnic media and democratic governance. The book develops into an overall narrative about the pervasiveness and diversity of human innovation and the generative nature of technology, which is formative in connecting people to others and to place. The freshness and depth of individual perspectives are underpinned by the collection's shared concerns and emphases, which help shape a collective understanding of how people's most significant connections are made. References Couldry, N 2000, Inside culture: Reimagining the method of cultural studies, Sage Publications, London. Hall, S 1992, 'Cultural studies and its theoretical legacies', in L Grossberg, C Nelson & P Treichler (eds.), Cultural studies, Routledge, New York, pp. 277-285. Thrift, N 2014, 'The promise of urban informatics: Some speculations', Environment and Planning A, vol. 46, pp. 1263-1266, viewed 6 June 2016, <http://epn.sagepub.com/ content/46/6/1263.full.pdf+html>. viii Abstracts 2 — The elasticity of the public sphere: Expansion, contraction and 'other' media John Budarick This chapter traces the shifting conceptual contours and parameters of the public sphere as they relate to ethnic minority, transnational and diasporic media. The chapter focuses on two developments in understandings of the public sphere, and the communicative landscapes so central to rational debate. The first concerns the fragmentation of the public sphere into smaller sphericules or spheres, coalescing with ideas of subnational publics and identity politics (Fraser 1990; Gitlin 1998; Cunningham 2001). The second concerns what Fraser calls the transnationalisation of the public sphere — that is, the way that, through increasingly prominent movements of people, goods and media across borders, the ideas of society, nation and community have been wrenched clear of their nation-state home (Cammaerts & van Audenhove 2005; Fraser 2014). The aim of this chapter is to examine these reconceptualisations and to think about the place of ethnic, transnational and diasporic media in each. 3 — 'Imagine if our cities talked to us': Questions about the making of 'responsive' places and urban publics. Mary Griffiths A key feature of the urban Internet of Things and 'smartification' is the immediacy of the information collected from, and deliverable to, city inhabitants in ambient environments. These flows create, according to proponents, a smart city that 'talks back' efficiently to the public by eliminating human error, simplifying and automating decision making, and thus solving the problems that municipalities face in times of exponential urban population growth and diminishing resources. The chapter explores what follows from considering big data as a 'collective achievement' (Ruppert 2015), arguing that liveable, sustainable and participatory