Geography Influence the Lives of East Asians?

How does physical geography influence the lives of East Asians?

Taking Notes Copy the graphic organizer below into your notebook Use it to record information about the physical geography ol East Asia.

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HunatrEtvironueft Jftenction Main ldeas . East Asia has a huge mainland area that includes rugged terrain. . East Asia has a number of important islands off its eastern coast. Places & Terms Kunlun Mountains A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Time and again in its early history, China Qinling Shandi Mountains was attacked by invaders from the steppes of Central Asia. The Chinese Huang He built and extended the Great Wall over many centuries in an attempt to Chang Jiang keep out such invaders from Mongolia. From the Yellow Sea to the Gobi Xi Jiang Desert, the wall twisted for thousands of miles across China. The wall was built by hundreds of thousands of peasant workers' Many died CoNnEcr ro rHE IssuEs from the backbreaking labor or the severe weather. The Great Wall PHYSICAL FORCES EASI remains one of the largest building feats in history-partly because it Asia's rough terrain and resources had to cross mile after mile of China's difficult terrain. unevenly distributed have influenced settlement and ways of life in the region. Landforms: Mountains and Plateaus East Asia stretches from the western provinces of China to the eastern coast of |apan. Mongolia, Taiwan, North Korea, and South Korea are the other countries in the region. East Asia includes high mountains, vast deserts, cold climates, and Pacific waters. The mostly rugged terrain was formed by the collision of tectonic plates. One result of these natural barriers was to limit people's movement and increase their isolation. PLACE The Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet, has many floors and more MOUNTAIN RANGES OF TFIE REGION High mountains in the region than 1,000 rooms. lt was once the limited contact between people living in China and in other parts of Asia. residence of the Dalai Lama and The world's highest mountains are located on the western edge of East other monks and is now a major pilgrimage Asia in southwestern and northwestern China and western Mongolia. site. The Kunlun Mountains, which are located in the west of China, are the source of two of China's great rivers, the Huang He (Yellow) and the Chang |iang (Yangtze). In southeastern and east central China, the Qinling ShanJi Mountains divide the northern part of China from the south. PLATEAUS AND PLAINS ThC landscape of East Asia is among the roughest in the world. The mountain areas in the western part of the region restricted movement and were underpopulated. Although few flat surfaces exist, the region has some low basins and barren deserts. These include the Plateau of Tibet (also known as the Xizang Plateau), the Tarim Pendi Basin in western China, and the Taklimakan Desert in western China. All these areas are sparsely populated. 40 E

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s \otrtlt ('ltirtit 0 250 500 mlles $ Kl l-1,[:] tl I Ltl f [1: I ntr;r !rr+:ti ntl fflarps 0 250 500 kilometers S REGION What plateau in China separates the Himalaya Iwo Point Equ distant Projection Mountains from the Kunlun Mountains? m PLACE Which of the three great river systems-Chang Jiang, Huang He, or Xi Jiang-is southernmost in China?

One of the largest deserts in the world-the Gobi-stretches from northwest China into Mongolia. It covers more than 5oo,ooo square miles, which is larger than Texas and California combined. The Mongolian Plateau reaches into northeastern China. Northern China encompasses the Manchurian Plain and the North China Plain.

F*:mfr ms*r|ms ffimd lslmndss East Asia includes a number of important peninsulas. Most of these form a part of China, although one peninsula contains independent nations. In addition, a number of islands off the coast of China include possessions of China as well as independent nations.

t4-iil, {.]$"}rtiriT #f'{lqile.l,fl The eastern coast of China features several peninsulas. These include the Shandong Peninsula, the Leizhou Peninsula, and the Macao Peninsula. Macao was owned by Portugal until r999, when it returned to Chinese control. Because of its peninsulas, China has a long coastline that has allowed several major port cities, such as Shanghai, to develop. Bordering China on the east is the Korean Peninsula, which contains the two independent nations of North Korea and South Korea.

Ip{[i H$,8-S-F,$H3$ {}f: ilp&ST AfiF& An important feature of East Asia is the continental shelf-the submerged border of the continent- that extends east from China. A number of islands stand above this

620 CHAPTER 27 continental shelf. The isolation of the islands has permitted them to develop in greaLer security and peace than parts of the mair-rland. Frrrther, many of these islancls have developed trading economies. The islands ofl'China include Hainan and part of IIong Kong. Long one o[ the major harbors in the world, Hong Kong (while originally a part of China) used to be a British colony. In ry97, Flong Kong once again carne under the authority of mainland China. The smaller nations of E;rst Asia are located on islands and peninsu- Becxcnouun las. For example, fapan is an island nation with enormous econouric Japan is made power. Taiwan is a separate island that at onc Lime belonged to mainland up of four main islands and China--ancl is still claimed by China. numerous smaller islands. River stems China has three great rivers, which havc been critical to the development of China's civilization. The rivers have helped to feed hundreds of millions of people because of the fields and crops they irrigale,

TE{f $-ELf,E*dffi NE The Huang He (or Yellow River) of northern China starts in the Krrnlun Mottntains in the west. It wincls east {br about 3,ooo rniles before emptying into the Yellow Sea. Both the sea and the rivcr get lheir names from the yellow silt, or palticles of soil, that the river carries to its delta, Another name for the river is "China's Sorrow" because of the tcrrible floods tfrat it has caused.

TF{F f}Heel6 iB&ruS The Ghang Jiang (or Yangtze River) is the longest river in all of Asia. The name Chang fiang rneans "long river." lt flows about 3,9oo miles lrom Xizang (Tibet) to the East China Sea. The river has been a nrajor tradt: route since ancienttimes.\Even today, the Chang carries most of the goods shipped on China's waterways. But this CoNwEcr ro fiang nearby THE ISSUES river, too, floods frequently, causing a great deal of clamage to iv, How might villages, as n'ell as to the surrounding countrysidel *3 rrvers facilitate trade? T'H-$H XE .jHftS,ffi The XiJiang (or West River) runs its course in the south of China. It flows easlward through southcast China and joins up with \

MOVLMENI' Workers pull a boat ashore along the Huang He (Yellow Riveil. What are some of the uses that people might make of a river?

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A R ,|)* W Coal s#8fi ew e&2 .ts x\*il Yt':;r Commerc ial f ish in g il) nh A i: Copper CHINA 0) - € eota \\ b Hydroelectric power h,r) b R lronore h Lead TA WAN !€+ CI Naturat gas ft PACIFIC f, Petroleum

OCEAN eIi Silver A ffi rin SKILLBUILDER: lnterpreting Maps ffi Tungsten O HUMAN-ENVIRoNMENT tNTERAciloN what are two 0 250 500 miles important resources in Taiwan? 0 250 500 kilometers g) REGION Where is most of the coal in the region located? Two-Point Eqridistant Proiecti0n

the Pearl River (Zhu /iang) to flow into the south china sea. The Xi fiang joins with three other rivers to form an estuary (where the river's current meets the ocean's tides) between Hong Kong and Macao. Important mineral resources are located in this river's valley. yalu #Tfi-iER RFVERS $F TFIH ffiFGt#ru The fiang is another important river of the region. The Yalu, which is about 5oo miles long, forms the border between North Korea and china. It is important historically because in r95o, chinese troops entered the Korean war by crossing the river and attacking United Nations forces.

Resources of East Asia Natural and mineral resources are unevenly distributed throughout East Asia. China, for example, is rich in nat North Korea also have substantial miner South Korea, and Taiwan have limited nat latter three nations have grown into majo The number of mountains in Easr Asia means lffi;ltfir::t d available for agriculture is limited. For this rea have grown into son, China's population is concentrated in the east, where river basins major economic are located. The land in these valleys is highly productive, allowing the powers, and what do they have in chinese to grow rice ancl many other crops. In contrast, the mouniain common? ous western regions of China are more sparsely populated.

622 CHAPTER2T Forests are also abundant in the region. China, fapan, Taiwan, and both North Korea and South Korea all have forest resources. |apan has been able to keep most of its forest forests in reserve by buying timber and other The lapanese Fishing products from other regions of the world- Industry There is great competition AF{t} ERCE$iGV FqE*${}[$$"8CES China has large MIf\lFmAL among the world's nations to energy reserves of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and harvest the resources of the sea. Korea has coal reserves. |apan also has deposits of coal' Sophisticated and mechanized China's resources have enabled it to be self sufficient for factory ships process the catch much of its history. In contrast, shortage of while still at sea |apan's Japan's fishing industry is larg- it needs. resources has forced it to trade for what er than that of the Unrted states China's mineral resources include iron ore, tungsten, or any country in Western EuroPe manganese, molybdenum, magnesite, lead, zinc, and cop- Fleets of Japanese fishing vessels, fishing boat per. North and South Korea possess important tungsten, such as the sea bass showrr below, trawl the oceans reserves. has reseryes of lead, silver, gold, and silver |apan far from Japan to bring fish back and coal. to the home tslands. Tuna, mack- erel, salmon, and cod are eaten WATEffi FtFSfiUlBtilES China's long river systems are important to the country's economy. They provide crop irrigation, hydroelectric power, and transportation. To control flooding on the Chang |iang and produce more electricity, China is building the Three Gorges Dam. (See The Huang He and Xi also provide Seeing Patterns pages 628-fio.) Jiang pP ln what ways hydroelectric power and a means of transportation. <$ might river sys- People in East Asia look to the sea for food. In fact, tems be important Japan has developed one of the largest fishing industries to an economy? seafood in the world. |apanese factory ships process huge amounts of for human consumption throughout the world, as well as in |apan' You will read about East Asia's climate zones in the next section. You will also read about its vegetation.

Thinking Q Places & Terms @ tamng Notes @ vtatn ldeas @ Geographic How ldentify each of the PLACE Review the notes You a. How might the river basins Drawing Conclusions three large river following places and took for this section. of China have affected might China's have affected the terms settlement patterns? systems Latdfornr development of agriculture and Kunlun Mountains b. How are the landforms of ' trade in the area? Think about: East Asia an advantage to Qinling Shandi Restrces ' life in the region? ' the obstacles that mountains Mountains and deserts to c. What effect might natural Present He What types of landforms ag riculture 'Huang ' resources have had on the are found in East Asia? ' Chang Jiang development of East Asia? ' the network of travel and ' Xi Jiang ' What are their relative communication offered bY a locations? river system

SEEING PATTERNS Pair with a partner and draw a map of East Asia's rivers and mountains. China flow Use arrows to indicate the directions the rivers flow. Why do the three main rivers of all the way east across the continent even though their headwaters begin in the mountains of the west?

Landforms and Resources 6.23 I

lnterpreting a Contour Map

elevation and the steepness of the mountain.

THE LANG{-}AffiE: ffin- Ew&F:}s A contour map shows elevations and surface configuration by means of contour lines. contour lines are lines on a map that show points of equal elevation. These lines are also called isolines. Numbers on the contour lines show the elevation in meters.

Q Sapporo, the largest city on the island, is situated at a low Sea elevation.

Jap Hokka @ Mount Asahi is the highest point on the island

@ fne key shows that Mount Asahi is a peak The key shows that the red iines are contour lines. lf you were to follow one contour line around its entire perimeter, you would remain at the same elevation throughout your _ OCEAN walk

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Seeing Patterns Making Decisions Drawing Conclusions How high, in meters, is Mount From what direction of the compass Where on the island do the isolines Asahi? What is the elevation of the would you approach Mount Asahi converge most densely to show a last contour line on the map before if you wanted to make the steepest very dramatic increase in elevation? the peak? climb? Main ldeas . East Asia has a dry highland climate in the west. . The region has a humid climate in the east. Places & Terms typhoon Taklimakan Deseft Gobi Deseft A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Kublai Khan was the ruler of the Mongol Empire (which included China) in the 13th century. In rz8r, the Great CowNEcr ro rHE IssuEs Khan sent a huge fleet against )apan. A typhoon-a tropical storm that PoPULATTow To feed its occurs in the western Pacific-swept across the Sea of |apan and sank the population, East Asian countries Mongol ships or dashed them against the rocky fapanese shore. The have had to farm in highlY typhoon had changed the course of history. Typhoons occur in parts of productive ways. East Asia, but in other ways the weather is similar to that of the united States. Both are at the same latitude, and both have similar climate zones.

High Latitude Glimate Zones The climates in the highest latitudes present a serious challenge to all but the most hardy nomads and herders. These zones generally have severely cold climates. In addition, they tend to be very dry. small sliver along SI"IBARCTIC Subarctic climate zones occur in a HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT Mongolia's and China's northern borders with Russia. The summers in INTERACTION A 78-year-old these areas range from cool to cold. The winters are brutally cold, test- woman tends sheeP from the ing the survival skills of the inhabitants. The climate is generally dry. back of a camel in a semiarid zone typical of Mongolia. The typical vegetation of this region is the northern evergreen forest. What does the occupation of Varieties of mosses and lichens also grow on rocks and tree trunks sheepherding and livestock throughout subarctic zones. grazing suggest about the vegetation in Mongolia? HnGF"!LAruru Highland climates are found mostly in western China. The temperature in highland zones varies with latitude and elevation. In gen' eral, the farther north the latitude and the higher the elevation, the cold- er the climate. The severe climate and topography of the western highlands are two of the reasons that the area is sparsely populated. The vegetation in the highlands also varies with elevation. Forests and alpine tundra are the tlpical vegetation. Vast tundras reach as far as the eye can see. Tundras have no trees, and the soil a few feet below the surface is permanently frozen. In this environment, only mosses, lichens, and shrubs can grow. Because of the cold and the difficulty of growing crops, few people scratch out a living here. Mid-latitude Zones Mid-latitude zones are much more comfortable to live in because of their moderate climates. The land is productive, and the rainfall is sufficient for agriculture. An important resource of these zones is their forests. hllJnnlm CONT|IUENTAL Northeastern china, North Korea, northern south Korea, and northern fapan all have humid continental climates. The forests of the region are mainly coniferous in the humid continental zone. Temperate grasslands ideal for grazingare also found in these areas. However, over the years agriculture has transformed the landscape and replaced many of the forests.

FluMlD SUBTR0PIGAL southeastern china, southern south Korea, southern |apan, and northern Taiwan are in a humid subtropical zone. The forests in such zones are both deciduous and coniferous. The broad leafed, deciduous trees are usually found in the north. The coniferous forests are especially typical of areas with sandy soils in the CouwEcr ro rrtE Issurs south. However, loggers and farmers have greatly reduced the forests in POPULATION the southeast. $ts {$ Why might most of East Asia's population Dry Zones be centered in the mid-latitude Dry zones of the region include both steppes and deserts. There is rela- zones? tively little vegetation. These zones are not well suited to agriculture

626 CHAPTER 27 and so have not been much settled by people. Instead, nomads have used the semiarid areas to graze livestock. REGION $EEd!E{qffiCm Parts of the Mongolian Plateau make up the Yypftr**ms in East Asia zones region. The vegetation of semiarid semiarid of the A typhoon is a storm that occurs zones consists mainly of short grasses, which provide in the western Pacific. lt is a kind food for grazing animals and livestock. of tropical cyclone or hurricane. The word has its source in the tlH$iE*iT" Most of the deserts in the region are found in Chinese word taaifung, which the west central area of the mainland. The Taklimakan means "great windl'Typhoons are Desert is located in western China between the Tian made up of circular winds moving around the center of the storm. The Desen is located Shan and Kunlun Mountains. Gobi They can be 300 miles or more Geographic in northern China and southeast Mongolia. The Gobi is across area for finding dinosaur fossils, since thou- Typhoons begin near the Making a prime equator and gather force as they Comparisons sands of these animals roamed through the region mil- move to the west As a typhoon Why might the lions of years ago.

TRGPICAL WET The tropical climate zone in East Asia is fairly small. It includes a small strip of land along China's southeastern coast, the island of Hainan, and the southern tip of Taiwan. These areas have high temperatures, hear,y rainfall, and high humidity every month of the year. The tropical rain forest in these places is made up of tall dense forests of broadleaf trees. In the next section, you will read how human-environment inter- actions affect the quality of life in rural China and urban |apan.

@ Places & Terms @ tafing Notes @ vtain tdeas @ Geographic Thinking ldentify each of the PLACE Review the notes you a. ln what ways are the Making lnferences How following places and took for this section. climates of the United might the climate and terms. States and China similar? vegetation of East Asia have Cliil4a+e affected patterns of settlement ' typhoon b. What effect might severe Ve4tatbn as typhoonsJ in the region? Think about: ' Taklimakan Desert weather [such have on crops? ' the impact of deserts, 'Gobi Desert ' What types of climate are c. What has been the human steppes, and tundra on found in East Asia? impact on mid-latitude patterns of settlement ' What vegetation characterizes climate zones in the region? See Skillbuilder the western reaches of China? Handbook, page R4.

EXPIORING LOCAL GEOGRAPHY East Asia has many kinds of climate. Pair with a partner and make a poster that shows the climate of East Asia in which you would most want to live lnclude photographs, postcards, maps, and charts. ls there any location in the United States that is similar to your preferred climate?

Climate and Vegetation 627 Main ldeas . The Chinese are building the Three Gorges Dam to control flooding. . The Japanese have developed creative ways to use their limited amounts of land. Places & Terms Three Gorges Dam A HUMAN PERsPEcrlvE Hundreds of thousands of chinese died in PCBs floods in the zoth century. Most of these deaths were caused by the flood- landfill ing of the chang fiang and the H,ang He rivers. These vast river floorl- plains are home to, and help feed, hundreds of millions of people, and CowwEcr ro THE Issuns this makes people vulnerable to the rivers'wrath. In addition to the many PHYSICAT ORCTS One deaths, the flooding has also forced millions of people to abandon their reason why the Three Gorges homes. You will read nrore about one such flood in chapter zg (pages Dam is being built is to control 64o-6411. But since the early 199os, the chinese have been building an flooding of the Chang Jiang. enorrnous new dam on the Chang fiang that will help to control flooding. This is one example of how East Asians have shaped their environment.

The Three Gorges Dam is being buih on the chang |iang in clrina. The dam will, in part, help to control flooding along the great river, the third longest in the world after the Nile and the Amazon. But the dam is also expected to generate power and to allow ships to sail farther into china.

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628 CHAPTER 27 AN ENGINEERING FEAT the Three Gorges Dam is China's largest construction project and will be the world's biggest dam. When completed, the dam will tower more than 6oo feet high and will span a valley more than one mile wide. This dam will create a reservoir nearly 4oo miles long. At least t,ooo towns and villages will disappear under the waters of the reservoir when the dam is completed. POSITIVE EFFECTS The building of the Three Gorges Dam is a com- plicated issue because it will have both positive and negative effects. Experts disagree about whether the dam should be built. But the Chinese government, which began construction of the dam in 1993, argues that the dam will have three positive effects. First, the dam will help control the frequent flooding of the Chang |iang, which causes great damage and loss of life. This is critical because the Chang |iang irrigates about half of China's crops. AIso, the river drains about one-fifth of China's total land area. Second, the dam will generate huge amounts of electrical power. Giant turbines will produce electricity that will be hooked up to electrical grids in central and eastern China. This will improve the reliability of electricity throughout China. By some estimates, the dam's turbines will produce about 10 percent of China's electrical power. (See the bar chart below for a comparison of the projected generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam with other large dams.) Finally, the dam will make it easier for ships to reach China's interior' A series of locks along the river will raise ocean-going ships up from the river to the reservoir. The Chang fiang carries more than half of the waterways. The e locks Seeing Patterns goods moving on China's interior dam P Whut are three will increase shipping capacity and decrease shipping co benefits of building the dam?

Facts and Figures Electric Generating Capacity of World's Largest Dams . Length of river: 3,964 miles . Lives lost to flooding: about one 20,000 . Length of reservoir: 370 miles million deaths in 20th century . . Height of dam: 610 feet Location of dam: about 1,500 miles from the ocean . Width of dam: 1.3 miles . Many hundreds of miles from . Number of turbines: 26, in western generating I8,200 megawatts headwaters of China of electricity mountains

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H um an-E nvironm ent I nt e r acti on 629 I{EGATIVE EFFECTS Most observers agree that the Three Gorges Dam will also have negative effects. The central issue is whether the negative impact on the environment will be greater than the positive benefits. First, the human costs of the dam will be enormous. Huge numbers of people will have to be moved- somewhere between one million and two million people. Also, hundreds of historical sites and scenic spots will be submerged. Second, the dam is likely to cost more money than originally anticipated. The Chinese government first estimated the cost at approximately srr billion dollars. However, other estimates now place the cost closer to $75 billion. A number of banks and other financial insti- tutions have chosen not to participate in the financing of the dam because of their concerns about the cost. Third, environmenlal concerns about the dam trou- ble many observers. The giant reservoir created by the dam will put hundreds of square miles of land under water. This will reduce the habitat of many animals. It is feared that abandoned factories submerged under the reservoir may leak contaminating chemicals into the water. The huge reservoir will affect the climate and temperature of the region as well as the plant and animal life. Such species as the alligator,leopard, sturgeon, white crane, and river dolphin may not survive. HUMAN- The Three Gorges Dam is scheduled to be completed in zoo9. ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION The However, the Chinese government has not been careful in protecting river dolphin, the white the environment from the consequences of building the dam. Some crane, and the alligator international groups are reluctant to invest in the project because of Seeing Patterns are just three of the environmental concerns, and this might delay its completion. p

CROWDED LIVING AND WORKING SPACES More than 6o percent of

the |apanese people live on only about three percent of the land. The Using the Atlas population is clustered along the narrow flat coastal plains. p <{ ur" the map These plains are among the most densely populated areas in the on page 615. world. The largest cities in are Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Why might the |apan Japanese people and Sapporo. Close to Bo percent of the people in live in cities. fapan live on such a Partly because of their large populations, some |apanese cities have small percentage become very polluted. For example, in the 195os and r96os, a number of coastal land?

630 CHAPTER 27 of fapanese cities experienced poisoning from mercury and PCBs- industrial pollutants that build up in animal tissue and can cause disease and birth defects. PCBs were banned in t'977. However, cars and factories still cause massive levels of air and noise pollution.

ADAPTING TO LIMITED SPACE The |apanese have shown great ingenuity in adapting to limited space. Because of the cost of land, houses are small by American standards. The rooms are separat- ed by sliding screens and are sparsely furnished. People sleep on thin mattresses called futons that can be rolled up and stored during the day. Many people, especially in the biggest cities, live in apartments. It is not uncommon for a family of four to live in a one-bedroom apartment. Some fapanese attempt to escape the overcrowding by moving away from the city to distant suburbs, but they HUMAN- must commute for two or even three hours a day to and from work. ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION One of the solutions to the shortage of space is landfill. Landfill is a Capsule hotels in layers method of solid waste disposal in which refuse is buried between Japan provide tiny of dirt to fill in or reclaim low-lying ground. The fapanese have used rooms for overnight landfill to reclaim land for most of the maior cities along the coast. guests. Tokyo, for example, has built f'actories and refineries on landfill sites. One result of the use of landfill sites has been to enlarge some of )apan's ports. These reclaimed areas are designed to handle the great number of ships that sail in and out of the port. You will explore more about how East Asians live in the next chapter, on human geography.

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ASKING GEOGRAPHTC qUEST|ONS Pairwith a partner and research a dam in the United States to compare with the Three Gorges Dam. Devise three geographic questions about the dams, such as "How much concrete was used in the construction of the dams?" Then make a chart or graph in which you provide data to answer the questions. Be sure to identify your sources.

Human-Environment Interaction 631 Reuiewing Places & Terms

A. Briefly explain the importance of each of the following. 1. Kunlun Mountains 6. Taklimakan Desert 2- Huang He 7. Gobi Desert Major Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, 3. Chang Jiang 8. Three Gorges Dam Kunlun, Altun, Altay, Qinling Shandi a. Xi Jiang 9. PCBs Major Rivers: Huang He, Chang Jiang, Xi Jiang 5. typhoon l0.landfill Major Deserts: Taklimakan, Gobi B- Answer the questions about vocabulary in complete sentences. Major Plateaus and Plains: Plateau 11. On which river will the Three Gorges Dam attempt to control of Tibet, Tarim Pendi Basin, Mongolian flooding? Plateau, Manchurian Plain, North China Plain 12. What is another name for a tropical cyclone or hurricane? 13. What is the source of two of China's great rivers? 14. Which river joins with others to form an estuary between Hong Kong and Macao? 15. How have landfill sites been used in Tokyo? 16. Where in the region is there a rich supply of dinosaur fossils? 'China, Mongolia, and North Korea 17. What has contributed to the poisoning pollution have significant natural resources. and of the environment in Japanese citiese 'Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan have limited natural resources. 18. Which desert is located in western China near the Kunlun Mountains? 19. Which river is known as "China's Sorrow"? 20. What project is supposed to contain flooding? Main ldeas ' East Asia has a dry continental climate in the west and a humid Landforms and Resources (pp. climate in the east. 619-624) 1. Why are the Kunlun ' lts mid-latitude zones, both humid Mountains especially important to China? continental and humid subtropical, 2. What is the approximate size of the Gobi Desert? are the most densely populated 3. What are some of the important islands off the coast of China? a reas. 4. Why are China's three river systems so important to the country? Cfimate and Vegetation (pp. 625-627) 5. ln which latitude and climate zones is most of China's productive agricultural land located?

' The Three Gorges Dam is being built 6. What landforms make up the dry zones of the region? along the Chang Jiang to control 7. What two factors affect vegetation and temperature in the highland flooding. climate? ' Urban Japan is very crowded, and people must adapt to space Human-Environment Interaction (pp. 623-631) limitations. 8. What will be some benefits of the Three Gorges Dam? 9. What will be some drawbacks of the dam? 1O. What are some of the ways in which the Japanese have adapted to living in a crowded space?

632 CHAPTER 27 GrE€ical ThlmhEng l. Using Your Notes 3. ldentifying Themes Use your completed chart to answer these questions Based on landforms and climate, which areas of East Asia would be the least agriculturally productive? Which of the Laldforrvs five themes are reflected in your answer? Resourus 4. Making Decisions \ -----_-\ _..-r\ __---_r- What factors must people in China consider when they a. Where are the highest mountains in China located? are trying to decide what to do about flooding along one b. What are some energy resources found in of their great rivers? abundance in China and Korea? 5- Drawing Conclusions 2. Geographic Themes How does a typhoon create so much damage? a. LocATloN Where is the largest desert found in East Asia? ( b. REGIoN Write a sentence or two describing the Additional Test Practice, pp. Sl-S37 settlement patterns of East Asia in terms of its mountains and coasts.

Geographie SkllEsl lnterpreting Maps

Precipitation in East Asia \- Use the map at right to answer the following questions. 1. REGION Which pafts of the region have the least precipitation?

2. REGION Which parts of the region have the most precipitation? MOVEMENT How might precipitation patterns have affected settlement in the region?

120+ in {300+ cm}

80 l20in {200 300cm) create a way to display the map 40 80 in (100-200 cm) information in graph form. Be sure 20-40 in (50 100 cm) to list the six countries of the region 10 20in (25-50cm) by name in your graph. lJnder l0 in (Under 25 cm)

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Use the links at classzone-com to do research on the Creating Multimedia Presentations Combine charts, most productive agricultural regions of East Asia. You maps, or other visual images in an electronic presentation might focus on the impact that precipitation has had that shows the most productive farming areas and the on settlement patterns and crop growth. most common crops in the region.

A Rugged Terrain 633