Ral to Pantone Conversion Table Or Chart
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Color Models
Color Models Jian Huang CS456 Main Color Spaces • CIE XYZ, xyY • RGB, CMYK • HSV (Munsell, HSL, IHS) • Lab, UVW, YUV, YCrCb, Luv, Differences in Color Spaces • What is the use? For display, editing, computation, compression, …? • Several key (very often conflicting) features may be sought after: – Additive (RGB) or subtractive (CMYK) – Separation of luminance and chromaticity – Equal distance between colors are equally perceivable CIE Standard • CIE: International Commission on Illumination (Comission Internationale de l’Eclairage). • Human perception based standard (1931), established with color matching experiment • Standard observer: a composite of a group of 15 to 20 people CIE Experiment CIE Experiment Result • Three pure light source: R = 700 nm, G = 546 nm, B = 436 nm. CIE Color Space • 3 hypothetical light sources, X, Y, and Z, which yield positive matching curves • Y: roughly corresponds to luminous efficiency characteristic of human eye CIE Color Space CIE xyY Space • Irregular 3D volume shape is difficult to understand • Chromaticity diagram (the same color of the varying intensity, Y, should all end up at the same point) Color Gamut • The range of color representation of a display device RGB (monitors) • The de facto standard The RGB Cube • RGB color space is perceptually non-linear • RGB space is a subset of the colors human can perceive • Con: what is ‘bloody red’ in RGB? CMY(K): printing • Cyan, Magenta, Yellow (Black) – CMY(K) • A subtractive color model dye color absorbs reflects cyan red blue and green magenta green blue and red yellow blue red and green black all none RGB and CMY • Converting between RGB and CMY RGB and CMY HSV • This color model is based on polar coordinates, not Cartesian coordinates. -
CDOT Shaded Color and Grayscale Printing Reference File Management
CDOT Shaded Color and Grayscale Printing This document guides you through the set-up and printing process for shaded color and grayscale Sheet Files. This workflow may be used any time the user wants to highlight specific areas for things such as phasing plans, public meetings, ROW exhibits, etc. Please note that the use of raster images (jpg, bmp, tif, ets.) will dramatically increase the processing time during printing. Reference File Management Adjustments must be made to some of the reference file settings in order to achieve the desired print quality. The settings that need to be changed are the Slot Numbers and the Update Sequence. Slot Numbers are unique identifiers assigned to reference files and can be called out individually or in groups within a pen table for special processing during printing. The Update Sequence determines the order in which files are refreshed on the screen and printed on paper. Reference file Slot Number Categories: 0 = Sheet File (black)(this is the active dgn file.) 1-99 = Proposed Primary Discipline (Black) 100-199 = Existing Topo (light gray) 200-299 = Proposed Other Discipline (dark gray) 300-399 = Color Shaded Areas Note: All data placed in the Sheet File will be printed black. Items to be printed in color should be in their own file. Create a new file using the standard CDOT seed files and reference design elements to create color areas. If printing to a black and white printer all colors will be printed grayscale. Files can still be printed using the default printer drivers and pen tables, however shaded areas will lose their transparency and may print black depending on their level. -
The Art of Digital Black & White by Jeff Schewe There's Just Something
The Art of Digital Black & White By Jeff Schewe There’s just something magical about watching an image develop on a piece of photo paper in the developer tray…to see the paper go from being just a blank white piece of paper to becoming a photograph is what many photographers think of when they think of Black & White photography. That process of watching the image develop is what got me hooked on photography over 30 years ago and Black & White is where my heart really lives even though I’ve done more color work professionally. I used to have the brown stains on my fingers like any good darkroom tech, but commercially, I turned toward color photography. Later, when going digital, I basically gave up being able to ever achieve what used to be commonplace from the darkroom–until just recently. At about the same time Kodak announced it was going to stop making Black & White photo paper, Epson announced their new line of digital ink jet printers and a new ink, Ultrachrome K3 (3 Blacks- hence the K3), that has given me hope of returning to darkroom quality prints but with a digital printer instead of working in a smelly darkroom environment. Combine the new printers with the power of digital image processing in Adobe Photoshop and the capabilities of recent digital cameras and I think you’ll see a strong trend towards photographers going digital to get the best Black & White prints possible. Making the optimal Black & White print digitally is not simply a click of the shutter and push button printing. -
The RAL Colour Standard for Plastics the RAL Colour Standard for Plastics
NEW RAL P2 WITH 200 COLOURS The RAL colour standard for plastics The RAL colour standard for plastics Creative colour design RAL P2: 200 new colours for plastics for innovative products The world of RAL standards for plastics has just for products in the cosmetics industry and the A yellow that says ‘warm’ and ‘fresh’ at the same The RAL DESIGN System colour circle become more colourful: RAL P2 PLASTICS is intro con struction sector, and for household goods time? Colours that radiate peace and security? ducing new design options for precise colour and packaging. New colour combinations for For sophisticated colour design, RAL P2 provides communication in the plastics sector. 200 addi games, sports and leisure time. RAL P2 contains different levels of saturation for each colour and tional RAL DESIGN colours – including cool teals, 160 opaque and 40 special, transparent colours. also enables an analysis of the optimal effect by juicy leaf greens, earthy ochres, brilliant berry Together with the 100 most popular, classic colours including a variety of surfaces. We have hand hues and delicate lilacs – have added a range of from RAL P1, the entire RAL PLASTICS colour palette picked the 200 new RAL P2 colours from the inter new colour statement options to the plastics palette. provides 300 precise colour samples for plastics. nationally renowned RAL DESIGN System used For plastics manufacturers and plastics processors, Each colour is also available as a single plate. by architects, designers and product designers. Colour designers in the world of plastics will be able to implement their colour concepts with a wider range of options using RAL P2. -
Grayscale Lithography Creating Complex 2.5D Structures in Thick Photoresist by Direct Laser Writing
EPIC Meeting on Wafer Level Optics Grayscale Lithography Creating complex 2.5D structures in thick photoresist by direct laser writing 07/11/2019 Dominique Collé - Grayscale Lithography Heidelberg Instruments in a Nutshell • A world leader in the production of innovative, high- precision maskless aligners and laser lithography systems • Extensive know-how in developing customized photolithography solutions • Providing customer support throughout system’s lifetime • Focus on high quality, high fidelity, high speed, and high precision • More than 200 employees worldwide (and growing fast) • 40 million Euros turnover in 2017 • Founded in 1984 • An installation base of over 800 systems in more than 50 countries • 35 years of experience 07/11/2019 Dominique Collé - Grayscale Lithography Principle of Grayscale Photolithography UV exposure with spatially modulated light intensity After development: the intensity gradient has been transferred into resist topography. Positive photoresist Substrate Afterward, the resist topography can be transfered to a different material: the substrate itself (etching) or a molding material (electroforming, OrmoStamp®). 07/11/2019 Dominique Collé - Grayscale Lithography Applications Microlens arrays Fresnel lenses Diffractive Optical elements • Wavefront sensor • Reduced lens volume • Modified phase profile • Fiber coupling • Mobile devices • Split & shape beam • Light homogenization • Miniature cameras • Complex light patterns 07/11/2019 Dominique Collé - Grayscale Lithography Applications Diffusers & reflectors -
Grayscale Vs. Monochrome Scanning
13615 NE 126th Place #450 Kirkland, WA 98034 USA Website:www.pimage.com Grayscale vs. Monochrome Scanning This document is intended to discuss why it is so important to scan microfilm and microfiche in grayscale and to show the limitations of monochrome scanning. The best analogy for the limitations of monochrome scanning is if you have every tried to photocopy your driver licenses. The picture can go completely black. This is because the copier can only reproduce full black or full white and not gray levels. If you place the copier in photo mode it is able to reproduce shades of gray. Grayscale scanning is analogous to the photo modes setting on your copier. The types of items on microfilm that are difficult to reproduce in monochrome are pencil on a blue form, light signatures, date stamps and embossing. In grayscale these items have a much higher probability to reproduce in the scanned version. Certainly there are instances where filming errors exist and the film is almost pure black or pure white. This can happen if the door to the room was opened during filming, if the canister had light intrusion prior to developing or if the chemicals or temperature were off on the developer. If these are identified the vendor can make a lamp adjustment in these sections of film or if they are frequent and the vendor has the proper cameras, they can scan at a higher bit depth. We have the ability to scan at bit depths higher than 8 bit gray up to 12 bits. 8 bit supports 256 levels of gray, 10bit supports 1024 levels and 12 bit 4096 levels. -
RAL-Product-2019-SC-1.Pdf
INHALT / PRODUKTÜBERSICHT / RAL FARBEN PRODUCT OVERVIEW RAL COLOURS – Innovation and reliability. Worldwide. RAL FARBEN / PRODUKTÜBERSICHT / INHALT RAL CLASSIC THE WORLD‘S LEADING INDUSTRIAL COLOUR COLLECTION The RAL CLASSIC colour collection has for 90 years been indispensable in the clear communication of colours and a guarantee for obtaining exactly the same colours – worldwide. APPLICATION EXAMPLES Steel sculpture by world famous sculptor Anish Kapoor and star architect Cecil Balmond is London’s Olympic landmark. The ArcelorMittal Orbit glows in RAL 3003 Ruby Red. Allmilmö – a leading premium brand manufacturer of high-quality kitchen furnishings – produces these kitchen models in RAL 1023 traffic yellow. A design classic that is available in various colours. The picture shows a model in RAL 1004 Golden yellow. Emergency exit signs have the colour RAL 6002 Leaf green. Thonet produces the S 43 cantilever chair by Mart Stam in 11 RAL colours. RAL CLASSIC / PRODUCT OVERVIEW / RAL COLOURS RAL 840-HR Primary standards with 213 RAL CLASSIC colours Semi matt A5-sized 14.8 x 21.0 cm Colour illustration A6-sized 10.5 x 14.8 cm Binding colour samples for colour matching and quality control RAL 840-HR | 841-GL Including XYZ-values, colour distance from the original standard and reflectance curve Single cards available RAL 841-GL Primary standards with 196 RAL CLASSIC colours High gloss Allmilmö – a leading premium brand manufacturer of high-quality kitchen furnishings – A5-sized 14.8 x 21.0 cm produces these kitchen models in RAL 1023 traffic yellow. Colour illustration A6-sized 10.5 x 14.8 cm Binding colour samples for colour matching and quality control Including XYZ-values, colour distance from the original standard and reflectance curve Single cards available 07 Thonet produces the S 43 cantilever chair by Mart Stam in 11 RAL colours. -
Color Appearance Models Today's Topic
Color Appearance Models Arjun Satish Mitsunobu Sugimoto 1 Today's topic Color Appearance Models CIELAB The Nayatani et al. Model The Hunt Model The RLAB Model 2 1 Terminology recap Color Hue Brightness/Lightness Colorfulness/Chroma Saturation 3 Color Attribute of visual perception consisting of any combination of chromatic and achromatic content. Chromatic name Achromatic name others 4 2 Hue Attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to be similar to one of the perceived colors Often refers red, green, blue, and yellow 5 Brightness Attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to emit more or less light. Absolute level of the perception 6 3 Lightness The brightness of an area judged as a ratio to the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears to be white Relative amount of light reflected, or relative brightness normalized for changes in the illumination and view conditions 7 Colorfulness Attribute of a visual sensation according to which the perceived color of an area appears to be more or less chromatic 8 4 Chroma Colorfulness of an area judged as a ratio of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white Relationship between colorfulness and chroma is similar to relationship between brightness and lightness 9 Saturation Colorfulness of an area judged as a ratio to its brightness Chroma – ratio to white Saturation – ratio to its brightness 10 5 Definition of Color Appearance Model so much description of color such as: wavelength, cone response, tristimulus values, chromaticity coordinates, color spaces, … it is difficult to distinguish them correctly We need a model which makes them straightforward 11 Definition of Color Appearance Model CIE Technical Committee 1-34 (TC1-34) (Comission Internationale de l'Eclairage) They agreed on the following definition: A color appearance model is any model that includes predictors of at least the relative color-appearance attributes of lightness, chroma, and hue. -
ARC Laboratory Handbook. Vol. 5 Colour: Specification and Measurement
Andrea Urland CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, OFARCHITECTURALHERITAGE, CONSERVATION Colour Specification andmeasurement HISTORIC STRUCTURESANDMATERIALS UNESCO ICCROM WHC VOLUME ARC 5 /99 LABORATCOROY HLANODBOUOKR The ICCROM ARC Laboratory Handbook is intended to assist professionals working in the field of conserva- tion of architectural heritage and historic structures. It has been prepared mainly for architects and engineers, but may also be relevant for conservator-restorers or archaeologists. It aims to: - offer an overview of each problem area combined with laboratory practicals and case studies; - describe some of the most widely used practices and illustrate the various approaches to the analysis of materials and their deterioration; - facilitate interdisciplinary teamwork among scientists and other professionals involved in the conservation process. The Handbook has evolved from lecture and laboratory handouts that have been developed for the ICCROM training programmes. It has been devised within the framework of the current courses, principally the International Refresher Course on Conservation of Architectural Heritage and Historic Structures (ARC). The general layout of each volume is as follows: introductory information, explanations of scientific termi- nology, the most common problems met, types of analysis, laboratory tests, case studies and bibliography. The concept behind the Handbook is modular and it has been purposely structured as a series of independent volumes to allow: - authors to periodically update the -
Patchtool Help
PatchTool Help Version 7.1 PatchTool Help © 2007-2020 Danny Pascale All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher. Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of the respective owners. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. Published in November 2020 in Montreal / Quebec / Canada. PatchTool Help -2- Version 7.1 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH PATCHTOOL .................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................. 9 2. THE PATCHTOOL WINDOWS AND DIALOGS ........................................................................... -
Scanning & Halftones
SCANNING & HALFTONES Ethics It is strongly recommend that you observe the rights of the original artist or publisher of the images you scan. If you plan to use a previously published image, contact the artist or publisher for information on obtaining permission. Scanning an Image Scanning converts a continuous tone image into a bitmap. Original photographic prints and photographic transparencies (slides) are continuous tone. The scanning process captures picture data as pixels. Think of a pixel as one tile in a mosaic. Bitmapped images Three primary pieces of information are relevant to all bitmapped images. 1. Dimensions Example: 2" x 2" 2. Color Mode Example: 256 level grayscale scan 3. Resolution Example: 300 ppi Basic Steps of Scanning 1. Place image on scanner bed Scanning & Halftones 2. Preview the image – click Preview 3. Select area to be scanned – drag a selection rectangle 4. Determine scan resolution (dpi or ppi) 5. Determine mode or pixel depth (grayscale, color, line art) 6. Scale selected area to desired dimensions (% of original) 7. Scan Resolution Resolution is the amount of something. something amount amount over physical distance fabric the number of stitches in fabric the number of stitches per inch in a needlepoint film the amount of grain in film the number of grains in a micro meter in film digital image the number of pixels the number of pixels per inch in a digital image Resolution is a unit of measure: Input Resolution the number of pixels per inch (ppi) of a scanned image or an image captured with a digital camera On Screen Resolution the number of pixels per inch displayed on your computer monitor (ppi or dpi) Output Resolution the number of dots per inch (dpi) printed by the printer (laser printer, ink jet printer, imagesetter) dpi or ppi refer to square pixels per inch of a bitmap file. -
Color Representation
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Lecture 3 Color Representation CIEXYZ Color Space CIE Chromaticity Space HSL,HSV,LUV,CIELab Y X Z Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. CIEXYZ Color Coordinate System 1931 – The Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) Defined a standard system for color representation. The CIE-XYZ Color Coordinate System. In this system, the XYZ Tristimulus values can describe any visible color. The XYZ system is based on the color matching experiments Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Trichromatic Color Theory “tri”=three “chroma”=color Every color can be represented by 3 values. 80 60 e1 40 e2 20 e3 0 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (nm) Space of visible colors is 3 Dimensional. Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Calculating the CIEXYZ Color Coordinate System CIE-RGB 3 r(l) 2 b(l) g(l) 1 Primary Intensity 0 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (nm) David Wright 1928-1929, 1929-1930 & John Guild 1931 17 observers responses to Monochromatic lights between 400- 700nm using viewing field of 2 deg angular subtense. Primaries are monochromatic : 435.8 546.1 700 nm 2 deg field. These were defined as CIE-RGB primaries and CMF. XYZ are a linear transformation away from the observed data. Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. CIEXYZ Color Coordinate System CIE Criteria for choosing Primaries X,Y,Z and Color Matching Functions x,y,z.