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Processing Modflow a Simulation System for Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution

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Processing Modflow a Simulation System for Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution Processing Modflow A Simulation System for Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution Wen-Hsing Chiang and Wolfgang Kinzelbach December 1998 Contents Preface 1. Introduction ........................................... 1 System Requirements .................................................. 4 Setting Up PMWIN ................................................... 4 Documentation ....................................................... 4 Online Help ......................................................... 5 2. Your First Groundwater Model with PMWIN ................ 7 2.1 Run a Steady-State Flow Simulation ................................... 8 2.2 Simulation of Solute Transport ...................................... 32 2.2.1 Perform Transport Simulation with MT3D ........................ 33 2.2.2 Perform Transport Simulation with MOC3D ...................... 39 2.3 Automatic Calibration ............................................ 44 2.3.1 Perform Automatic Calibration with PEST ........................ 46 2.3.2 Perform Automatic Calibration with UCODE ...................... 49 2.4 Animation ..................................................... 51 3. The Modeling Environment ............................. 53 3.1 The Grid Editor ................................................. 55 3.2 The Data Editor ................................................. 59 3.2.1 The Cell-by-Cell Input Method ................................. 61 3.2.2 The Zone Input Method ...................................... 62 3.2.3 Specification of Data for Transient Simulations ..................... 63 3.3 The File Menu .................................................. 65 3.4 The Grid Menu .................................................. 69 3.5 The Parameters Menu ............................................. 74 3.6 The Models Menu ............................................... 80 3.6.1 MODFLOW ............................................... 80 3.6.2 MOC3D ................................................. 111 3.6.3 MT3D .................................................. 119 3.6.4 MT3DMS ............................................... 132 3.6.5 PEST (Inverse Modeling) .................................... 140 3.6.6 UCODE (Inverse Modeling) .................................. 154 3.6.7 PMPATH (Pathlines and Contours) ............................ 160 3.7 The Tools Menu ................................................ 160 3.8 The Value Menu ................................................ 161 3.9 The Options Menu .............................................. 165 4. The Advective Transport Model PMPATH ................ 175 4.1 The Semi-analytical Particle Tracking Method ......................... 176 4.2 PMPATH Modeling Environment ................................... 180 4.3 PMPATH Options Menu ......................................... 187 4.4 PMPATH Output Files ........................................... 195 5. Modeling Tools ...................................... 199 5.1 The Digitizer .................................................. 199 5.2 The Field Interpolator ............................................ 200 5.3 The Field Generator ............................................. 206 5.4 The Results Extractor ............................................ 208 5.5 The Water Balance Calculator ..................................... 210 5.6 The Graph Viewer .............................................. 210 6. Examples and Applications ............................ 215 6.1 Tutorials ...................................................... 215 6.1.1 Tutorial 1 - Unconfined Aquifer System with Recharge ............. 215 6.1.2 Tutorial 2 - Confined and unconfined Aquifer System with River ...... 232 6.2 Basic Flow Problems ............................................ 244 6.2.1 Determination of Catchment Areas ............................. 244 6.2.2 Use of the General-Head Boundary Condition .................... 248 6.2.3 Simulation of a Two-layer Aquifer System in which the Top Layer Converts between Wet and Dry .......................... 250 6.2.4 Simulation of a Water-table Mound resulting from Local Recharge ..... 253 6.2.5 Simulation of a Perched Water Table ........................... 257 6.2.6 Simulation of an Aquifer System with Irregular Recharge and a Stream . 260 6.2.7 Simulation of a Flood in a River ............................... 263 6.2.8 Simulation of Lakes ........................................ 266 6.3 EPA Instructional Problems ....................................... 269 6.4Automatic Calibration and Pumping Test..............................270 6.4.1Basic Model Calibration Skill with PEST/UCODE .................270 6.4.2Estimation of Pumping Rates .................................274 6.4.3The Theis Solution - Transient Flow to a Well in a Confined Aquifer ...276 6.4.4The Hantush and Jacob Solution - Transient Flow to a Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer .....................................279 6.5Geotechnical Problems ...........................................282 6.5.1Inflowof Water into an Excavation Pit ..........................282 6.5.2Flow Net and Seepage under a Weir ...........................284 6.5.3Seepage Surface through a Dam ...............................286 6.5.4 Cutoff Wall ..............................................289 6.5.5Compaction and Subsidence ..................................292 6.6Solute Transport ...............................................295 6.6.1One-Dimensional Dispersive Transport ..........................295 6.6.2Two-Dimensional Transport in a Uniform Flow Field ...............297 6.6.3Benchmark Problems and Application Examples from Liturature .......300 6.7Miscellaneous Topics ............................................302 6.7.1Using the Field Interpolator ..................................302 6.7.2An Example of Stochastic Modeling ............................306 7.Appendices .........................................309 Appendix 1: Limitation of PMWIN......................................300 Appendix 2: Files and Formats..........................................310 Appendix 3: Input Data Files of the Supported Models.......................315 Appendix 4: Internal Data Files of PMWIN................................318 Appendix 5: Using PMWIN with your MODFLOW.........................324 Appendix 6: Running MODPATH with PMWIN............................326 8.References .........................................327 Preface Welcome to Processing Modflow: A Simulation System for Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution. Processing Modflow was originally developed for a remediation project of a disposal site in the coastal region of Northern Germany. At the beginning of the work, the code was designed as a pre- and postprocessor for the groundwater flow model MODFLOW. Several years ago, we began to prepare a Windows-version of Processing Modflow with the goal of bringing various codes together in a complete simulation system. The size of the program code grew, as we began to prepare the Windows-based advective transport model PMPATH and add options and features for supporting the solute transport models MT3D, MT3DMS and MOC3D and the inverse models PEST and UCODE. As in the earlier versions of Processing Modflow, our goal is to provide an integrated groundwater modeling system with the hope that the very user-friendly implementation will lower the threshold which inhibits the widespread use of computer based groundwater models. To facilitate the use of Processing Modflow, more than 60 documented ready-to-run models are included in this software. Some of these models deal with theoretical background, some of them are of practical values. The present text can be divided into three parts. The first two chapters introduce PMWIN with an example. Chapters 3 through 5 are a detalied description of the building blocks. Chapter 3 describes the use of Processing Modflow; chapter 4 describes the advection model PMPATH and chapter 5 introduces the modeling tools provided by Processing Modflow. The third part, Chapter 6, provides two tutorials and documents the examples. Beside this text, we have gathered about 3,000 pages of documents related to the supported models. It is virtually not possible to provide all the documents in a printed form. So we decided to present these documents in an electronic format. The advantage of the electronic documents is considerable: with a single CD-ROM, you always have all necessary documents with you and we save resources by saving valuable papers and trees. Many many people contributed to this modeling system. The authors wish to express heartfelt thanks to researchers and scientists, who have developed and coded the simulation programs MODFLOW, MOC3D, MT3D, MT3DMS, PEST and UCODE. Without their contributions, Processing Modflow would never have its present form. Many thanks are also due to authors of numerous add-on packages to MODFLOW. We wish to thank many of our friends and colleagues for their contribution in developing, checking and validating the various parts of this software. We are very grateful to Steve Bengtson, John Doherty, Maciek Lubczynski, Wolfgang Schäfer, Udo Quek, Axel Voss and Jinhui Zhang who tested the software and provided many valuable comments and criticisms. For their encouragement and support, we thank Ian Callow, Lothar Moosmann, Renate Taugs, Gerrit van Tonder and Ray Volker. The authors also wish to thank Alpha Robinson, a scientist at the University of Paderborn, who checked Chapter 3 of this user’s guide. And thanks to our readers and software users - it is not
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