Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project Rehabilitation of Prey Kdouch and Kraing Empil Irrigations Subprojects in Takeo Province
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Initial Environmental Examination Project number: 48409-002 May 2021 Cambodia: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project Rehabilitation of Prey Kdouch and Kraing Empil irrigations subprojects in Takeo province Prepared by the loan consulting firms for the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology and the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of May 2021) Currency Unit = Riel/s (KR) KR1.00 = 0.00025 $ 1.00 = KR 4,052 ABBREVIATIONS AC - Agricultural Cooperative ADB - Asian Development Bank CFAVCP - Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project EA - executive agency EIA - environmental impacts assessment EMP - environmental management plan ESO - environmental safeguards officer RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency IA - implementation agency IEE - initial environment examination IEIA - initial environmental impact assessment IPM - integrated pest management IWR - irrigation water requirement MAFF - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MEF - Ministry of Economy and Finance MOE - Ministry of Environment MOU - memorandum of understanding MOWRAM - Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology O&M - operation and maintenance PDAFF - Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries PDWRAM - Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PIC - project implementation consultants PPIU - provincial project implementation unit PPTA - project preparatory technical assistance SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TOR - terms of reference WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km - kilometer kg - kilogram ha - hectare NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States Dollars iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. viii A. Background .................................................................................................................... viii B. Project Output ................................................................................................................. viii C. Initial Environmental Examination Report ......................................................................... ix D. Description of the Sub-project ........................................................................................... x E. Description of the Environment ........................................................................................ xi F. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................................. xi G. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ............................................................... xi H. Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................... xii I. Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................................ xii I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Irrigation Sub-Project Locations ...................................................................................... 14 1.2 Background of Irrigation Sub-projects ............................................................................. 14 II. LEGAL AND ADDMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................................ 15 2.1 ADB Environmental Requirements.................................................................................. 15 2.2 Public Disclosure ............................................................................................................ 16 2.3 Cambodian Environmental Laws and Guidelines ............................................................ 16 2.3.1 Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management .................... 16 2.3.2 Sub-decree Environmental Impact Assessment Process ............................................ 16 2.3.3 Law on the Management of Pesticides and Fertilizers ................................................ 17 2.3.4 Law on Water Resource Management ....................................................................... 18 2.3.5 Sub-decree Water Pollution Control ........................................................................... 18 2.3.6 Sub-decree on Air Pollution Control ............................................................................ 20 2.3.7 Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management .................................................................. 21 2.3.8 Integrated Pest Management Program ....................................................................... 21 2.3.9 Environmental, Health and Safety Guideline............................................................... 21 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUB-PROJECTS ......................................................................... 23 3.1 Sub-project Locations ..................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 Prey Kdouch Irrigation Sub-project .......................................................................... 23 3.1.2 Kraing Empil Irrigation Sub-project........................................................................... 23 3.2 Existing Irrigation Sub-project Situation .......................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Prey Kdouch Irrigation Sub-project .......................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Prey Kdouch Hydraulic Structure ............................................................................. 24 3.2.3 Kraing Empil Irrigation Sub-project........................................................................... 28 3.2.4 Kraing Empil Hydraulic Structures ........................................................................... 28 3.3 Need for the Sub-project ................................................................................................. 31 3.4 Cropping Calendar and Areas Planted ............................................................................ 32 3.4.1 Cropping Calendar for Prey Kdouch and Kraing Empil............................................. 32 iv 3.5 Sub-project Irrigation Infrastructure ................................................................................. 34 3.5.1 Prey Kdouch ............................................................................................................ 34 3.5.1.1 Prey Kdouch Hydraulic Structure.......................................................................... 35 3.5.2 Kraing Empil Irrigation Infrastructure ........................................................................ 36 3.5.2.1 Kraing Empil Irrigation Canal ................................................................................ 36 3.5.2.2 Kraing Empil Hydraulic Structure .......................................................................... 38 3.6 Irrigation Schemes After Rehabilitation ........................................................................... 39 3.6.1 Prey Kdouch Irrigation Sub-project .......................................................................... 39 3.6.2 Kraing Empil Irrigation Sub-project........................................................................... 39 IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 40 4.1 Situation in Takeo Province ............................................................................................ 40 4.2 Physical Resources ........................................................................................................ 40 4.2.1 Climatic Condition .................................................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Topography and Soils .............................................................................................. 41 4.2.3 Location and Geography .......................................................................................... 42 4.2.4 Seismology .............................................................................................................. 43 4.2.5 Air Quality and Noise ............................................................................................... 44 4.2.6 Surface Water Quality .............................................................................................