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Special Report No
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 490 | FEBRUARY 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE w w w .usip.org North Korea in Africa: Historical Solidarity, China’s Role, and Sanctions Evasion By Benjamin R. Young Contents Introduction ...................................3 Historical Solidarity ......................4 The Role of China in North Korea’s Africa Policy .........7 Mutually Beneficial Relations and Shared Anti-Imperialism..... 10 Policy Recommendations .......... 13 The Unknown Soldier statue, constructed by North Korea, at the Heroes’ Acre memorial near Windhoek, Namibia. (Photo by Oliver Gerhard/Shutterstock) Summary • North Korea’s Africa policy is based African arms trade, construction of owing to African governments’ lax on historical linkages and mutually munitions factories, and illicit traf- sanctions enforcement and the beneficial relationships with African ficking of rhino horns and ivory. Kim family regime’s need for hard countries. Historical solidarity re- • China has been complicit in North currency. volving around anticolonialism and Korea’s illicit activities in Africa, es- • To curtail North Korea’s illicit activ- national self-reliance is an under- pecially in the construction and de- ity in Africa, Western governments emphasized facet of North Korea– velopment of Uganda’s largest arms should take into account the histor- Africa partnerships. manufacturer and in allowing the il- ical solidarity between North Korea • As a result, many African countries legal trade of ivory and rhino horns and Africa, work closely with the Af- continue to have close ties with to pass through Chinese networks. rican Union, seek cooperation with Pyongyang despite United Nations • For its part, North Korea looks to China, and undercut North Korean sanctions on North Korea. -
Africa Update
ML Strategies Update David Leiter, [email protected] ML Strategies, LLC Georgette Spanjich, [email protected] 701 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Sarah Mamula, [email protected] Washington, DC 20004 USA 202 296 3622 202 434 7400 fax FOLLOW US ON TWITTER: @MLStrategies www.mlstrategies.com SEPTEMBER 18, 2014 Africa Update Leading the News West Africa Ebola Outbreak On September 10th, the United Nations (U.N.) World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of Ebola cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had doubled over the past week to total 62 cases. Thirty-five of the patients infected with Ebola have died, including seven health care workers. The Ebola outbreak in the DRC is separate from the worsening Ebola crisis in West Africa. All of the cases in the DRC are localized in Jeera country and can all be traced to one initial case that was reported on August 26th. The new statistics for the Ebola outbreak in the DRC were posted here. On September 11th, Liberian Finance Minister Amara Konneh held a press conference on the impacts of the Ebola outbreak in Liberia, warning that the country is at war with an enemy that it cannot see. Minister Konneh’s remarks echo those delivered last week by Liberian Defense Minister Brownie Samukai, who cautioned that the Ebola crisis poses a serious threat to Liberia’s national existence. Both ministers reported that the epidemic has disrupted the country’s ability to function normally and put further strains on Liberia’s already weak health care infrastructure. Excerpts from both press conferences were highlighted here. -
Open Hearing: Nomination of Gina Haspel to Be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
S. HRG. 115–302 OPEN HEARING: NOMINATION OF GINA HASPEL TO BE THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY HEARING BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION WEDNESDAY, MAY 9, 2018 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligence ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 30–119 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Sep 11 2014 14:25 Aug 20, 2018 Jkt 030925 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\30119.TXT SHAUN LAP51NQ082 with DISTILLER SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE [Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Cong., 2d Sess.] RICHARD BURR, North Carolina, Chairman MARK R. WARNER, Virginia, Vice Chairman JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MARCO RUBIO, Florida RON WYDEN, Oregon SUSAN COLLINS, Maine MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico ROY BLUNT, Missouri ANGUS KING, Maine JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma JOE MANCHIN III, West Virginia TOM COTTON, Arkansas KAMALA HARRIS, California JOHN CORNYN, Texas MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky, Ex Officio CHUCK SCHUMER, New York, Ex Officio JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona, Ex Officio JACK REED, Rhode Island, Ex Officio CHRIS JOYNER, Staff Director MICHAEL CASEY, Minority Staff Director KELSEY STROUD BAILEY, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate Sep 11 2014 14:25 Aug 20, 2018 Jkt 030925 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\30119.TXT SHAUN LAP51NQ082 with DISTILLER CONTENTS MAY 9, 2018 OPENING STATEMENTS Burr, Hon. Richard, Chairman, a U.S. Senator from North Carolina ................ 1 Warner, Mark R., Vice Chairman, a U.S. Senator from Virginia ........................ 3 WITNESSES Chambliss, Saxby, former U.S. -
The Iran Nuclear Deal: What You Need to Know About the Jcpoa
THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE JCPOA wh.gov/iran-deal What You Need to Know: JCPOA Packet The Details of the JCPOA • FAQs: All the Answers on JCPOA • JCPOA Exceeds WINEP Benchmarks • Timely Access to Iran’s Nuclear Program • JCPOA Meeting (and Exceeding) the Lausanne Framework • JCPOA Does Not Simply Delay an Iranian Nuclear Weapon • Tools to Counter Iranian Missile and Arms Activity • Sanctions That Remain In Place Under the JCPOA • Sanctions Relief — Countering Iran’s Regional Activities What They’re Saying About the JCPOA • National Security Experts and Former Officials • Regional Editorials: State by State • What the World is Saying About the JCPOA Letters and Statements of Support • Iran Project Letter • Letter from former Diplomats — including five former Ambassadors to Israel • Over 100 Ambassador letter to POTUS • US Conference of Catholic Bishops Letter • Atlantic Council Iran Task Force Statement Appendix • Statement by the President on Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Kerry July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Key Excerpts of the JCPOA • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Lew July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry Press Availability on Nuclear Deal with Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Moniz July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry and Secretary Moniz • SASC Hearing Testimony, SEC Carter Washington Post op-ed July 29, 2015 July 22, 2015 THE DETAILS OF THE JCPOA After 20 months of intensive negotiations, the U.S. and our international partners have reached an historic deal that will verifiably prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. The United States refused to take a bad deal, pressing for a deal that met every single one of our bottom lines. -
The Rwandan Genocide: Combating Stereotypes And
The Rwandan Genocide: Combating Stereotypes and Understanding the Origins Nicola Skakel Senior Honors Thesis Department of History April 9th 2018 Defense Committee: Dr. Susan K. Kent, Department of History, Primary Advisor Dr. Matthew Gerber, Department of History, Honors Council Representative Dr. Paul Shankman, Department of Anthropology, Advisor 1 Introduction On the 7th of April 1994, the small east African country of Rwanda erupted into one of the most deadly and intimate genocides the modern world had ever witnessed. Whilst the western world stood by and watched in just 100 days over 800,000 Rwandans out of a total population of 7 million, were systematically murdered in the most brutal and violent of ways. Those who were targeted made up the country’s minority ethnic group the Tutsis, and moderates from the majority group, the Hutus. For many, the legacy of Rwanda is a monstrous example of extreme pent up ethnic tensions that has its roots in European colonialism. In contrast, I will argue that the events not just of 1994 but also the unrest that proceeded it, arose from a highly complex culmination of long-standing historical tensions between ethnic groups that long pre-dated colonialism. In conjunction, a set of short-term triggers including foreign intervention, civil war, famine, state terrorism and ultimately the assassination of President Habyarimana also contributed to the outburst of genocide in 1994. Whilst it would be easy to place sole responsibility on European colonists for implementing a policy of divide and rule and therefore exacerbating ethnic tensions, it seems to me that genocide is never that cut and dried: it can never be explained by one factor. -
QATAR COUNRY READER TABLE of CONTENTS Andrew Killgore
QATAR COUNRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Andrew Killgore 1961-1962 Desk Officer, Arabian Peninsula Washington, D George "uincey Lumsden 1972-1974 Desk Officer for Kuwait, (ahrain, "atar, and )AE, Washington, D harles Marthinsen 1962-1964 Political Officer, ,eddah, Saudi Arabia .ran/ois M. Dickman 1971-1912 Arabian Peninsula ountry Director, Washington, D 2ichard )ndeland 1974-1973 Public Affairs Officer, Kuwait ,ohnny 4oung 1974-1977 Administrative Officer, Doha George "uincey Lumsden 1979-1912 Deputy Director, Arabian Peninsula Affairs, Washington, D 1912-1916 Ambassador, )nited Arab Emirates 1916-1992 Petroleum Director, International Energy Agency, Paris 1992-1994 onsultant, International Energy Agency, Paris 1994-1996 General Manager, Gulf South Asia Pro8ect, )nited Arab Emirates harles Marthinsen 1910-1913 Ambassador, "atar William A. Pierce 1913-1917 Desk Officer, Oman and "atar, Washington, D Nancy E. ,ohnson 1991 Desk Officer, Washington, D Kenton W. Keith 1992-1993 Ambassador, "atar ANDREW I. KILLGORE Desk Officer, Arabia Pe i sula Washi gto , DC (1961,1962. Andrew I. Killgore was born on a farm in Alabama, and graduated from a small teacher's training college in Livingston, Alabama. He entered the Foreign Service as a Wristonee, initiall working as a service staff officer. He has served in Jordan, Baghdad, Iran, and $atar. He was interviewed b Charles Stuart Kenned on June 15, 1988. ": Moving on, you then had Iranian-Ira, affairs for four years in Washington, from 19-1 to '-5. KILLGO2E: Actually, what happened there, Stuart, I worked the first year, roughly 13 months, I worked on the Arabian Peninsula affairs. Mainly, Talcott Seelye, Ambassador Seelye, handled Saudi Arabia, but I would handle Saudi Arabia when he was away, and I handled all of the periphery, the 4emens--it was called 4emen at that time--Aden and the Aden protectorate, Oman, and what was then called the Trucial coast. -
US Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 4-29-2014 U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era: A Case Study Analysis of Presidential Decision Making Dennis N. Ricci University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Ricci, Dennis N., "U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era: A Case Study Analysis of Presidential Decision Making" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 364. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/364 U.S. Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War Era: A Case-Study Analysis of Presidential Decision Making Dennis N. Ricci, Ph.D. University of Connecticut 2014 ABSTRACT The primary focus of this study is to explain presidential decision making, specifically whether to intervene militarily or not in a given circumstance in the Post-Cold War era. First, we define military intervention as the deployment of troops and weaponry in active military engagement (not peacekeeping). The cases in which we are interested involve the actual or intended use of force (“boots on the ground”), in other words, not drone attacks or missile strikes. Thus, we substantially reduce the number of potential cases by excluding several limited uses of force against Iraq, Sudan, and Afghanistan in the 1990s. Given the absence of a countervailing force or major power to serve as deterrent, such as the Soviet enemy in the Cold War period, there are potentially two types of military interventions: (1) humanitarian intervention designed to stop potential genocide and other atrocities and (2) the pre-emptive reaction to terrorism or other threats, such as under the Bush Doctrine. -
Congressional Record—Senate S1432
S1432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 25, 2019 a second staff person to accompany him or letter signed by 58 former national se- nancial Intelligence from 2011 to 2015 and as her on the dais he or she must make a re- curity officials, who served under Re- Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence quest to the Chairman for that purpose. publican and Democratic administra- Agency from 2015 to 2017. RULE 8. COINAGE LEGISLATION l. Eliot A. Cohen served as Counselor of the tions, criticizing President Trump’s U.S. Department of State from 2007 to 2009. At least 67 Senators must cosponsor any declaration of a national emergency to m. Ryan Crocker served as U.S. Ambas- gold medal or commemorative coin bill or build a wall on our southern border be sador to Afghanistan from 2011 to 2012, as resolution before consideration by the Com- printed in the RECORD. U.S. Ambassador to Iraq from 2007 to 2009, as mittee. There being no objection, the mate- U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan from 2004 to EXTRACTS FROM THE STANDING RULES OF THE rial was ordered to be printed in the 2007, as U.S. Ambassador to Syria from 1998 SENATE RECORD, as follows: to 2001, as U.S. Ambassador to Kuwait from RULE XXV, STANDING COMMITTEES 1994 to 1997, and U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon JOINT DECLARATION OF FORMER UNITED from 1990 to 1993. 1. The following standing committees shall STATES GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS be appointed at the commencement of each n. Thomas Donilon served as National Se- We, the undersigned, declare as follows. -
Previous Hostler Speakers
Charles W. Hostler Institute on World Affairs Speakers 2021 Zhang Ping, Consul General of the People’s Republic of China in Los Angeles, “A New Year, A New Vision: China & U.S. Relations” British Consul General in Los Angeles, Emily Cloke, “UK- A Year of Global Leadership 2020 Shaikh Abdulla bin Rashed Al Kalifa, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Bahrain to the United States of America, “Bahrain, An Open Dialogue” Assistant Secretary Ellen McCarthy, United States State Department, Bureau of Intelligence and Research “Intelligence at the Point of Diplomacy: Ensuring all sides are heard” Brett McGurk, former Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS, “Three Presidents at War” 2019 Ambassador Daniel Fried, former United States Ambassador to Poland, Weiser Family Distinguished Fellow, Atlantic Council, “The Fall of the Wall- 30 Years Later” British Consul General Michael Howells, UK Consul General in Los Angeles, “Navigating Business in a Post-Brexit UK” Admiral Eric Olson, United States Navy (Retired), Former Commander of the U.S. Special Operations Command and Four-Star Admiral Navy SEAL, “The World at Night” 2018 Ambassador Johnny Young, former Ambassador to Sierra Leone, Togo, Bahrain and Slovenia, “Refugee Resettlement: How did we get here and how do we move on?” 2017 Ambassador Kathleen Stephens, former United States Ambassador to South Korea; President and CEO, Korea Economic Institute of America, “Lessons from Korea” Ambassador Nicholas Burns, Former United States Ambassador to NATO and former U.S. Ambassador to Greece; Professor, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government Ambassador John Bass, Current United States Ambassador to Turkey; Former United States Ambassador to Georgia Mary Eisenhower, granddaughter of President Dwight D. -
Budget Speech for VOTE 07 Ministry of International Relations And
MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION BUDGET SPEECH VOTE 07 FOR THE 2019-2020 FINANCIAL YEAR BY HON. NETUMBO NANDI-NDAITW AH, MP DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER AND MINISTER APRIL 2019 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY MIRCO 2019/2020 Budget Speech 1 MOTIVATION FOR THE 201912020 FINANCIAL YEAR FOR VOTE 7IMINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION 1. Nine months ago, Namibia lost its first Foreign Minister, Dr. Theo - Ben Gurirab. The Ministry lost its guru of diplomacy and I lost my mentor. The outpouring sympathy and messages of condolence received from all over the world speak to his international standing and contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security and sustainable development. Through the Dr. Theo Ben Gurirab Lecture Series, the Ministry will keep his legacy and teachings alive, thereby assisting the Namibian diplomats in particular, to follow in his footsteps. 2. Having said that, it is indeed a privilege for me to motivate the budget vote of the Ministry of International Relations and Cooperation. At this junction, I on behalf of the Deputy Minister, the Special Advisor, Executive Director, Ambassadors and High Commissioners and my own behalf wish to extend our appreciation to H.E. Dr Hage G. Geingob for continuing entrusting us with the responsibility of promoting and protecting Namibia's national interest in the world. Honourable Chairperson of the Whole House Committee, Honourable Members 3. Major changes occurring in the international operating environment not only offers Namibia with new opportunities but also present serious challenges, that have advanced to an extent that we can only ignore them at the peril of our national interest. -
Supplemental Statement Washington, DC 20530 Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, As Amended
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 05/11 /2018 4:10:50 PM OMB No 1124-0002; Expires May 31,2020 ' I.S. Department of Justice Supplemental Statement Washington, DC 20530 Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended For Six Month Period Ending 3/31/18 (Insert date) I-REGISTRANT 1. (a) Name of Registrant (b) Registration No. The Livingston Group, LLC #6344 (c) Business Address(es) of Registrant 499 S. Capitol Street, SW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20003 2. Has there been a change in the information previously furnished in connection with the following? (a) If an individual: (1) Residence address(es) Yes □ No □ (2) Citizenship Yes □ No □ (3) Occupation Yes □ No □ (b) If an organization: (1) Name Yes Q No H (2) Ownership or control Yes Q No 0 (3) Branch offices Yes □ No 0 (c) Explain fully all changes, if any, indicated in Items (a) and (b) above. IF THE REGISTRANT IS AN INDIVIDUAL, OMIT RESPONSE TO ITEMS 3,4, AND 5(a), 3. If you have previously filed Exhibit C*1, state whether any changes therein have occurred during this 6 month reporting period. Yes □ No S If yes, have you filed an amendment to the Exhibit C? Yes □ No □ If no, please attach the required amendment. 1 The Exhibit C, for which no printed form is provided, consists of a true'copy of the charter, articles of incorporation, association, and by laws of a registrant that is an organization. (A waiver of the requirement to file an Exhibit C may be obtained for good cause upon written application to the Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division, US. -
Security Council Provisional Fifty-Sixth Year
United Nations S/PV.4410 Security Council Provisional Fifty-sixth year 4410th meeting Friday, 9 November 2001, 11.15 a.m. New York President: Mr. Patterson .................................... (Jamaica) Members: Bangladesh ...................................... Mr. Amin China .......................................... Mr. Wang Yingfan Colombia ....................................... Mr. Valdivieso France .......................................... Mr. Levitte Ireland ......................................... Mr. Corr Mali ........................................... Mr. Ouane Mauritius ....................................... Mr. Koonjul Norway ......................................... Mr. Kolby Russian Federation ................................ Mr. Granovsky Singapore ....................................... Mr. Mahbubani Tunisia ......................................... Mr. Mejdoub Ukraine ......................................... Mr. Krokhmal United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .... Sir Jeremy Greenstock United States of America ........................... Mr. Cunningham Agenda The situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the interpretation of speeches delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation