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A New Subspecies, Lyciasalamandra Atifi Oezi N. Ssp. (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Gazipaşa (Antalya, Turkey)

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A New Subspecies, Lyciasalamandra Atifi Oezi N. Ssp. (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Gazipaşa (Antalya, Turkey) Research Article ISSN 2336-9744 (online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (print) The journal is available on line at www.biotaxa.org/em https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F28A9E7F-5715-4C71-9A47-3DCCB5E1686F A new subspecies, Lyciasalamandra atifi oezi n. ssp. (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Gazipaşa (Antalya, Turkey) CEMAL VAROL TOK1*, MURAT AFSAR2 & BATUHAN YAMAN YAKIN1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2016 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 15 November 2016 │ Published online: 17 November 2016. Abstract In this study, a new subspecies of the Lycian salamander, Lyciasalamandra atifi oezi n. ssp., was described from Gazipaşa (Antalya, Turkey). The Lyciasalamandra specimens collected in Doğanca (Gazipaşa, Antalya) are clearly distinguished from the known subspecies of L. atifi by the very small and few white flecks on the dorsal ground pattern or by the absence of the flecks in some specimens. The light coloration, which can be distinctly observed in front of, behind, and under the eye of L. atifi, is indistinct in the new subspecies, unlike the other subspecies. The body length was observed to be shorter than that of the nominate subspecies but close to that of L. a. bayrami. In juveniles, scattered black flecks are striking on the posterior parts of their parotoids and, unlike adults, denser small and white flecks are striking on top of the head as well as on the dorsum, the tail, and the extremities. In addition, scattered yellow flecks in different sizes and shapes are present on the dorsal tail. Key words: Salamandridae, new subspecies, Lyciasalamandra atifi oezi subsp. nov., taxonomy, Gazipaşa, Antalya, Turkey. Introduction It was previously known that eight subspecies [L. l. luschani (Steindachner, 1891), L. l. atifi (Başoğlu 1967), L. l. fazilae (Başoğlu & Atatür, 1974), L. l. finikensis (Başoğlu & Atatür, 1975), L. l. antalyana (Başoğlu & Baran, 1976), L. l. basoglui (Baran & Atatür, 1980), L. l. billae (Franzen & Klawen, 1980), and L. l. flavimembris (Mutz & Steinfartz, 1995)] of terrestrial salamanders (Mertensiella luschani) in genus Mertensiella inhabited Turkey (Baran & Üçüncü, 1994; Başoğlu et al., 1994; Öz et al., 2003). A molecular study by Weisrock et al. (2001) suggests that Turkish terrestrial salamanders in genus Mertensiella should be included in the genus Salamandra. In the same study, it was further pointed out that the forms flavimembris, fazilae, luschani, billae, antalyana and atifi, inhabiting southwestern Anatolia, could be considered at the species level (Salamandra flavimembris, S. fazilae, S. luschani, S. billae, S. antalyana, and S. atifi). Veith & Steinfartz (2004) state that a total of seven terrestrial salamander species – with one polytypic and six monotypic – inhabit south-western Anatolia and the islands in its close vicinity, providing the views of previous researchers (Weisrock et al., 2001) and their respective unpublished data. However, they included those species in genus Lyciasalamandra, which was introduced in the same study, instead of genus Salamandra. Therefore, terrestrial salamander species L. luschani Steindachner (1891), L. helverseni Ecol. Mont., 9, 2016, 38-45 TOK ET AL. Pieper (1963), L. atifi Başoğlu (1967), L. fazilae Başoğlu & Atatür (1974), L. finikensis Başoğlu & Atatür (1975), L. antalyana Başoğlu & Baran (1976), L. basoglui Baran & Atatür (1980), L. billae Franzen & Klawen (1980) and L. flavimembris Mutz & Steinfartz (1995) were announced to exist. Recognized as a subspecies of the Lycian salamander for years, Lyciasalamandra atifi was first described from Türbelinaz (Dereköy) in Alanya, eastern Antalya in 1967 by Başoğlu. Later on, the distributional range of the species was extended by new records from Fersin (Güçlüköy, Akseki), Çaltepe (Manavgat), Selge (Altınkaya, Manavgat), and Mount Cebireis (Alanya) in various studies (Başoğlu & Baran, 1976; Klewen et al., 1988; Gebhart, 1990; Baran & Üçüncü, 1994; Veith et al., 2001; Öz et al., 2004). Akman et al. (2011) and Göçmen et al. (2013) provided new data recorded between elevations of 232 and 1400 meters in five different localities around Mahmutlar Town in the southern section of the Dim Tributary and in three around Gazipaşa, respectively. Lyciasalamandra atifi has a relatively wider distributional range, which extends from Selge (Altınkaya, Manavgat) to Gazipaşa than the other sister species do. Within this relatively wider area, the examined specimens obtained in the Dim Cave in the east of the Dim Tributary were described as L. atifi bayrami by Yıldız & Akman (2015). The researchers stated that the form bayrami had a shorter body length than the nominate subspecies did, a relatively long rostrum, and dark grey coloration on the dorsal side and that the subspecies bayrami of different sexes exhibited pattern differences in comparison with the nominate subspecies. The present study aims to examine the Lyciasalamandra atifi specimens first recorded in the vicinity of the Doğanca Village, Gazipaşa (Antalya) by morphologically comparing them with the adult specimens collected in Türbelinaz (Dereköy) – the type locality of the nominate subspecies – as well as from the vicinity of nearby Taşatan and is intended to provide data on the taxonomical status of these specimens, which were first recorded from the Doğanca Village. Materials and Methods One male, four female and two juvenile specimens evaluated in the study were collected in the vicinity of the Doğanca Village in Gazipaşa (Antalya) within the scope of the project “The Task of Inventory and Monitoring of the Biological Diversity of the Terrestrial and Inland Water Ecosystems in Antalya Province”, which was funded by the 6th Regional Directorate of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. Although one male specimen was evaluated in the study, the other two male specimens collected during the study died while they were being transferred to the laboratory from the field and were too impaired to be used for a morphological evaluation. Nevertheless, the color-pattern observation at the first moment of their capture resembled the holotype. Twenty-four specimens belonging to the three localities (Doğanca, Türbelinaz, and Taşatan) examined in the research were obtained during the fieldwork carried out in spring (March and April). Their color photographs were taken after their color-pattern characteristics had been determined. The new Lyciasalamandra atifi specimens collected in the Doğanca Village, Gazipaşa (Antalya) (1 male, 5 females, 2 juveniles; Leg. C.Varol TOK, Batuhan Y. YAKIN; Lat= 36.246945 , Long.= 32.43292, 390 m a.s.l.) were compared with 16 (6 males, 4 females, 6 juveniles, Leg. C.Varol TOK, Batuhan Yaman YAKIN; Lat.= 36.607821, Long.= 32.05359) additional specimens collected in Türbelinaz (Dereköy) – the type locality of the nominate subspecies – as well as from the vicinity of Taşatan nearby Türbelinaz. The collected specimens have been preserved in the Collection of the Molecular Zootaxonomy Laboratory of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. The morphological measurements were performed considering the terminology provided by Peters (1964), Öz & Arıkan (1990), Mutz & Steinfartz (1995), Öz et al. (2004), and Çiçek et al. (2010) (Table 1). The researchers of this study carried out body measurements, namely total body length (TBL), head length (HL), snout-vent length 1 (SVL 1), snout-vent length 2 (SVL 2), tail length 1 (TL 1), tail length 2 (TL 2), the distance between the axillar and the inguinal (Ax-In), head width (HW), parotoid length (PL), parotoid width (PW), body length (BL), nostril-eye distance (NoED), the distance between nostrils (Ln), eye diameter (O), forelimb length (Pa), and hindlimb length (Pp). Furthermore, the ratios of HW/HL, TL/TBL, PW/PL and NoED/HL were measured on a caliper with a sensitivity of 0.01 mm. Ecol. Mont., 9, 2016, 38-45 39 NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE LYCIAN SALAMANDER FROM TURKEY Results Lyciasalamandra atifi oezi n. ssp. Holotype and type locality: One male, collected by C. Varol TOK and Batuhan Yaman YAKIN between the Hasdere and Doğanca Villages in Gazipaşa - Antalya, (Turkey) 390 m a.s.l. on March 5, 2016 (Figure 1A, B). Paratypes: Five females and two juveniles, collected by C.Varol TOK and Batuhan Yaman YAKIN between the Hasdere and Doğanca Villages in Gazipaşa - Antalya (Turkey) 390 m a.s.l. on March 6 and April 13, 2016 (Figure 1 C, D). Figure 1. A Dorsal aspects of the holotype; B Parotoids of holotype; C Dorsal aspects of the paratype female; D Dorsal aspects of the juvenile specimen from the Doğanca Village (Gazipaşa, Antalya). Diagnosis: This subspecies can be distinguished from the nominate subspecies and the subspecies bayrami by the following characteristics. The ground color of the dorsal side is dark brown unlike the subspecies bayrami but as in the nominate subspecies. However, unlike the nominate subspecies, much fewer irregularly scattered white flecks are distinguished on this ground color, whereas some specimens are almost fleckless (Figure 1 A). The white flecks, which are striking on the posterior edges of the parotid glands in the nominate subspecies, are on the dorsal side and much fewer and scattered in this new subspecies (Figure 1 B). The light coloration, distinctly visible in front of, behind, and under the eye in the other two subspecies, is indistinct in this subspecies.
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