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70526 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 244 / Monday, December 21, 1998 / Notices OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND • What criteria should be used to A. Accounting for Residual Areas BUDGET define a set of statistical areas of B. Development of Multiple Sets of different types that together classify all Statistical Areas Alternative Approaches to Defining the territory of the Nation? C. Settlement Types Within Metropolitan Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas DATES: Comments must be received on Part VI. Sources Cited Areas or before February 12, 1999. Part VII. Frequently Used Terms Appendices AGENCY: Executive Office of the ADDRESSES: Written comments should A. Revised Standards for Defining President, Office of Management and be submitted to James D. Fitzsimmons, Population Division, Bureau of the Metropolitan Areas in the 1990s Budget (OMB), Office of Information B. OMB Memorandum M±94±22, ``Use of and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA). Census, Washington, DC 20233±8800; Metropolitan Area Definitions'' ACTION: Notice of intent to review the fax (301) 457±2644. C. Summary of the Conference on New Electronic Data Availability and standards currently used to define Approaches to Defining Metropolitan Comments: This Federal Register Notice metropolitan areas and to propose and Nonmetropolitan Areas is available electronically from the OMB standards for defining nonmetropolitan Part I. Background home page on the World Wide Web: areas following the 2000 census. <<http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/ A. What Is a Metropolitan Area? SUMMARY: OMB defines metropolitan EOP/OMB/html/fedreg.html>>. Federal Currently, an MA consists of a core areas (MAs) in the United States and Register Notices also are available area containing a large population Puerto Rico for statistical purposes, electronically from the U.S. Government nucleus, together with adjacent following published standards. Printing Office web site: <<http:// communities having a high degree of ll Statistical purposes include the www.access.gpo.gov/su docs/aces/ social and economic integration with collection, tabulation, and publication aces140.html>>. Questions about that core. MAs generally include a city of data by Federal agencies for accessing the Federal Register online or a Census Bureau-defined urbanized geographic areas. Decisions related to via GPO Access may be directed by area (UA) with 50,000 or more the criteria used to define MAs are made telephone to (202) 512±1530 or toll free inhabitants. The county or counties that by OMB in consultation with members to (888) 293±6498; by fax to (202) 512± contain the large city or the UA are the of the Metropolitan Area Standards 1262; or by E-mail to central counties of the MA. Additional Review Committee (MASRC), a group <<[email protected]>>. outlying counties are included in the representing various statistical agencies FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: MA if the counties meet specified within the Federal Government. The last James D. Fitzsimmons, Chair, requirements of commuting to or from revision of the MA standards was issued Metropolitan Area Standards Review the central counties and other selected in 1990 (see Appendix A). OMB Committee, (301) 457±2419, or E-mail requirements of metropolitan character. currently is conducting a full review of <<[email protected]>>. The term ``metropolitan area'' is a the MA concept and standards. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: collective term that refers to This Notice describes potential Outline of Notice metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), revisions to the MA standards based on consolidated metropolitan statistical findings from the ongoing review. The Part I. Background areas (CMSAs), and primary Notice begins with a brief history of the A. What Is a Metropolitan Area? metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs). standards and a discussion of why they B. What Is the Purpose of Defining The current (1990) standards for may need to be revised. It then lists the Metropolitan Areas? C. How Has the Metropolitan Area defining MAs are included as Appendix findings of the review process to date, Concept Evolved? A of this Notice. distinguishing between points of general D. Why Should the Metropolitan Area B. What Is the Purpose of Defining agreement and questions still needing to Standards Be Reviewed for Possible be resolved. The Notice presents four Revision? Metropolitan Areas? approaches to defining metropolitan Part II. Issues Posed by the Review MAs are a Federal statistical standard and nonmetropolitan areas that answer A. Points of General Agreement designed solely for the preparation, in varying ways the unresolved B. Questions Remaining to Be Resolved presentation, and comparison of data. questions. Part III. Form and Function in Metropolitan Before the MA concept was introduced and Nonmetropolitan Area Definitions Issues for Comment: OMB is A. Functional Integration in 1949 with Standard Metropolitan interested in receiving comments from B. Metropolitan Character Areas (SMAs), inconsistencies between the public on (1) the suitability of the C. Central Cores statistical area boundaries and units current standards, (2) principles that D. Geographic Building Blocks for made comparisons of data from Federal should govern any proposed revisions to Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan agencies difficult. Thus, MAs are the standards, (3) reactions to the four Areas defined according to specific, approaches outlined in this Notice, and Part IV. Alternative Approaches to Defining quantitative criteria (standards) to help Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan (4) proposals for other ways by which to Areas government agencies, researchers, and define metropolitan and A. A Commuting-Based, County-Level others achieve uniform use and nonmetropolitan areas. In particular, Approach to Defining Metropolitan and comparability of data on a national OMB seeks responses to the following Nonmetropolitan Areas scale. key questions that will determine how B. A Commuting-Based, Census Tract- OMB recognizes that some Federal metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas Level Approach to Defining Metropolitan and state agencies are required by will be defined in the future: and Nonmetropolitan Areas statute to use MAs for allocating • What geographic unit should be C. A Directional Commuting, Census program funds, setting program Tract-Level Approach to Defining standards, and implementing other used as the ``building block'' for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan defining areas for statistical purposes? aspects of their programs. In defining • Areas What criteria should be used to D. A Comparative Density, County-Level MAs, however, OMB does not take into aggregate the geographic building blocks Approach to Defining Statistical Areas account or attempt to anticipate any of into statistical areas? Part V. Additional Issues for Consideration these nonstatistical uses that may be Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 244 / Monday, December 21, 1998 / Notices 70527 made of MAs or their associated data. Labor Market Areas. Before 1950, UA, and overall population density. The Agencies that elect to use MAs for such labor market areas (LMAs) were defined 1990 (current) standards differ only nonstatistical purposes are advised that by the Bureau of Employment Security modestly from those of the previous the standards are designed for statistical and consisted of counties and MCDs. decade. purposes only and that any changes to Since 1950, the Bureau of Labor Since their adoption in the late 1940s, the standards may affect the Statistics (BLS) has been responsible for the MA standards have acknowledged implementation of programs. This defining LMAs. Current LMA that within states in New England, cities policy was documented in OMB definitions use MAs as starting points and towns are administratively more memorandum M±94±22, dated May 5, and consist of aggregations of counties important than counties, and that a 1994, entitled ``Use of Metropolitan (see below). wide variety of data are compiled for Area Definitions'' (see Appendix B). Lack of geographic comparability these areas. For these reasons, cities and limited the use of data reported for these towns have been used as the building C. How Has the Metropolitan Area and other areas. In the mid-1940s, initial blocks of MAs in New England. The Concept Evolved? efforts to reconcile metropolitan nonagricultural worker requirement that As early as the first years of the districts and industrial areas failed, in was present in the earlier standards was twentieth century, the Federal part because of tensions between two not applied in New England. Also, Government recognized the need to groups, demographic data providers and population density requirements identify large cities and their economic data providers. The former differed between New England and surrounding areas as single geographic wanted to continue using sub-county elsewhere. entities and to provide data at that scale geographic building blocks to achieve The standards for New England MAs for social and economic analysis. Before greater precision and to maintain remain different from the standards for the adoption of the MA concept in the historical comparability with the rest of the country. New England late 1940s, several other kinds of related metropolitan districts. The latter had County Metropolitan Areas'county- geographic areas were defined. These difficulty identifying precise locations based alternatives to the city-and town- areas were based on different criteria of establishments below the county
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