DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 63, No. 244/Monday, December 21, 1998

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 63, No. 244/Monday, December 21, 1998 70526 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 244 / Monday, December 21, 1998 / Notices OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND • What criteria should be used to A. Accounting for Residual Areas BUDGET define a set of statistical areas of B. Development of Multiple Sets of different types that together classify all Statistical Areas Alternative Approaches to Defining the territory of the Nation? C. Settlement Types Within Metropolitan Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas DATES: Comments must be received on Part VI. Sources Cited Areas or before February 12, 1999. Part VII. Frequently Used Terms Appendices AGENCY: Executive Office of the ADDRESSES: Written comments should A. Revised Standards for Defining President, Office of Management and be submitted to James D. Fitzsimmons, Population Division, Bureau of the Metropolitan Areas in the 1990s Budget (OMB), Office of Information B. OMB Memorandum M±94±22, ``Use of and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA). Census, Washington, DC 20233±8800; Metropolitan Area Definitions'' ACTION: Notice of intent to review the fax (301) 457±2644. C. Summary of the Conference on New Electronic Data Availability and standards currently used to define Approaches to Defining Metropolitan Comments: This Federal Register Notice metropolitan areas and to propose and Nonmetropolitan Areas is available electronically from the OMB standards for defining nonmetropolitan Part I. Background home page on the World Wide Web: areas following the 2000 census. <<http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/ A. What Is a Metropolitan Area? SUMMARY: OMB defines metropolitan EOP/OMB/html/fedreg.html>>. Federal Currently, an MA consists of a core areas (MAs) in the United States and Register Notices also are available area containing a large population Puerto Rico for statistical purposes, electronically from the U.S. Government nucleus, together with adjacent following published standards. Printing Office web site: <<http:// communities having a high degree of ll Statistical purposes include the www.access.gpo.gov/su docs/aces/ social and economic integration with collection, tabulation, and publication aces140.html>>. Questions about that core. MAs generally include a city of data by Federal agencies for accessing the Federal Register online or a Census Bureau-defined urbanized geographic areas. Decisions related to via GPO Access may be directed by area (UA) with 50,000 or more the criteria used to define MAs are made telephone to (202) 512±1530 or toll free inhabitants. The county or counties that by OMB in consultation with members to (888) 293±6498; by fax to (202) 512± contain the large city or the UA are the of the Metropolitan Area Standards 1262; or by E-mail to central counties of the MA. Additional Review Committee (MASRC), a group <<[email protected]>>. outlying counties are included in the representing various statistical agencies FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: MA if the counties meet specified within the Federal Government. The last James D. Fitzsimmons, Chair, requirements of commuting to or from revision of the MA standards was issued Metropolitan Area Standards Review the central counties and other selected in 1990 (see Appendix A). OMB Committee, (301) 457±2419, or E-mail requirements of metropolitan character. currently is conducting a full review of <<[email protected]>>. The term ``metropolitan area'' is a the MA concept and standards. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: collective term that refers to This Notice describes potential Outline of Notice metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), revisions to the MA standards based on consolidated metropolitan statistical findings from the ongoing review. The Part I. Background areas (CMSAs), and primary Notice begins with a brief history of the A. What Is a Metropolitan Area? metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs). standards and a discussion of why they B. What Is the Purpose of Defining The current (1990) standards for may need to be revised. It then lists the Metropolitan Areas? C. How Has the Metropolitan Area defining MAs are included as Appendix findings of the review process to date, Concept Evolved? A of this Notice. distinguishing between points of general D. Why Should the Metropolitan Area B. What Is the Purpose of Defining agreement and questions still needing to Standards Be Reviewed for Possible be resolved. The Notice presents four Revision? Metropolitan Areas? approaches to defining metropolitan Part II. Issues Posed by the Review MAs are a Federal statistical standard and nonmetropolitan areas that answer A. Points of General Agreement designed solely for the preparation, in varying ways the unresolved B. Questions Remaining to Be Resolved presentation, and comparison of data. questions. Part III. Form and Function in Metropolitan Before the MA concept was introduced and Nonmetropolitan Area Definitions Issues for Comment: OMB is A. Functional Integration in 1949 with Standard Metropolitan interested in receiving comments from B. Metropolitan Character Areas (SMAs), inconsistencies between the public on (1) the suitability of the C. Central Cores statistical area boundaries and units current standards, (2) principles that D. Geographic Building Blocks for made comparisons of data from Federal should govern any proposed revisions to Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan agencies difficult. Thus, MAs are the standards, (3) reactions to the four Areas defined according to specific, approaches outlined in this Notice, and Part IV. Alternative Approaches to Defining quantitative criteria (standards) to help Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan (4) proposals for other ways by which to Areas government agencies, researchers, and define metropolitan and A. A Commuting-Based, County-Level others achieve uniform use and nonmetropolitan areas. In particular, Approach to Defining Metropolitan and comparability of data on a national OMB seeks responses to the following Nonmetropolitan Areas scale. key questions that will determine how B. A Commuting-Based, Census Tract- OMB recognizes that some Federal metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas Level Approach to Defining Metropolitan and state agencies are required by will be defined in the future: and Nonmetropolitan Areas statute to use MAs for allocating • What geographic unit should be C. A Directional Commuting, Census program funds, setting program Tract-Level Approach to Defining standards, and implementing other used as the ``building block'' for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan defining areas for statistical purposes? aspects of their programs. In defining • Areas What criteria should be used to D. A Comparative Density, County-Level MAs, however, OMB does not take into aggregate the geographic building blocks Approach to Defining Statistical Areas account or attempt to anticipate any of into statistical areas? Part V. Additional Issues for Consideration these nonstatistical uses that may be Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 244 / Monday, December 21, 1998 / Notices 70527 made of MAs or their associated data. Labor Market Areas. Before 1950, UA, and overall population density. The Agencies that elect to use MAs for such labor market areas (LMAs) were defined 1990 (current) standards differ only nonstatistical purposes are advised that by the Bureau of Employment Security modestly from those of the previous the standards are designed for statistical and consisted of counties and MCDs. decade. purposes only and that any changes to Since 1950, the Bureau of Labor Since their adoption in the late 1940s, the standards may affect the Statistics (BLS) has been responsible for the MA standards have acknowledged implementation of programs. This defining LMAs. Current LMA that within states in New England, cities policy was documented in OMB definitions use MAs as starting points and towns are administratively more memorandum M±94±22, dated May 5, and consist of aggregations of counties important than counties, and that a 1994, entitled ``Use of Metropolitan (see below). wide variety of data are compiled for Area Definitions'' (see Appendix B). Lack of geographic comparability these areas. For these reasons, cities and limited the use of data reported for these towns have been used as the building C. How Has the Metropolitan Area and other areas. In the mid-1940s, initial blocks of MAs in New England. The Concept Evolved? efforts to reconcile metropolitan nonagricultural worker requirement that As early as the first years of the districts and industrial areas failed, in was present in the earlier standards was twentieth century, the Federal part because of tensions between two not applied in New England. Also, Government recognized the need to groups, demographic data providers and population density requirements identify large cities and their economic data providers. The former differed between New England and surrounding areas as single geographic wanted to continue using sub-county elsewhere. entities and to provide data at that scale geographic building blocks to achieve The standards for New England MAs for social and economic analysis. Before greater precision and to maintain remain different from the standards for the adoption of the MA concept in the historical comparability with the rest of the country. New England late 1940s, several other kinds of related metropolitan districts. The latter had County Metropolitan Areas'county- geographic areas were defined. These difficulty identifying precise locations based alternatives to the city-and town- areas were based on different criteria of establishments below the county
Load more

Recommended publications
  • QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY of the STATE of QATAR ______TABLE of CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1
    CASE CONCERNING MARITIME DELIMITATION AND TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND BAHRAIN (QATAR V. BAHRAIN) REPLY OF THE STATE OF QATAR _____________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - GENERAL 1 Section 1. Qatar's Case and Structure of Qatar's Reply Section 2. Deficiencies in Bahrain's Written Pleadings Section 3. Bahrain's Continuing Violations of the Status Quo PART II - THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHAPTER II - THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF QATAR Section 1. The Overall Geographical Context Section 2. The Emergence of the Al-Thani as a Political Force in Qatar Section 3. Relations between the Al-Thani and Nasir bin Mubarak Section 4. The 1913 and 1914 Conventions Section 5. The 1916 Treaty Section 6. Al-Thani Authority throughout the Peninsula of Qatar was consolidated long before the 1930s Section 7. The Map Evidence CHAPTER III - THE EXTENT OF THE TERRITORY OF BAHRAIN Section 1. Bahrain from 1783 to 1868 Section 2. Bahrain after 1868 PART III - THE HAWAR ISLANDS AND OTHER TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS CHAPTER IV - THE HAWAR ISLANDS Section 1. Introduction: The Territorial Integrity of Qatar and Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 2. Proximity and Qatar's Title to the Hawar Islands Section 3. The Extensive Map Evidence supporting Qatar's Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands Section 4. The Lack of Evidence for Bahrain's Claim to have exercised Sovereignty over the Hawar Islands from the 18th Century to the Present Day Section 5. The Bahrain and Qatar Oil Concession Negotiations between 1925 and 1939 and the Events Leading to the Reversal of British Recognition of Hawar as part of Qatar Section 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Republicans' Mexican-American Presidential Candidate: Mitt Romney?
    Republicans’ Mexican-American Presidential Candidate: Mitt Romney? By Ted J. Chiappari and Angelo A. Paparelli* Four years ago, one of the challenges to President Barack Obama’s Constitutional eligibility for the presidency as a “natural born Citizen” was based on his ostensible dual citizenship at birth and the divided loyalties1 that can result from multiple citizenships. More recently, Mitt Romney’s Mexican heritage made it into the news because of Newt Gingrich’s claim that Romney was “anti- immigrant.”2 Reports of Mitt Romney’s eligibility for Mexican citizenship appeared around the same time.3 With the suspension of Rick Santorum’s presidential campaign and Newt Gingrich’s concession that Mitt Romney will probably be the Republican Party’s 2012 candidate, Romney and Obama are beginning in earnest to highlight their differences. Since both candidates are facing the potential liability of having a father born abroad (George Romney in Mexico and Barack Obama Sr. in Kenya) from whom eligibility for dual citizenship may flow, it is unlikely that either candidate will wish to highlight his opponent’s transnational ties. If they did, as unlikely as it may be, a brief reflection on the issue could result in a new appreciation of the intricacies of the U.S. citizenship laws. In the wake of the last presidential election, we explored the complexities of U.S. citizenship law in connection with the candidacies of both Senator John McCain – born in the Panama Canal Zone – and then President-Elect Obama.4 Given Mitt Romney’s birth in Detroit, no one is questioning that he is a “natural born Citizen” eligible to be President pursuant to Article II of the 1 Competing loyalties have long been a concern in policy and legal arguments against dual citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Book 2019 Table Number Table Name
    Table Number Table Name (Click on the table number to go to corresponding table) (To return to this "Titles" worksheet, you must select this worksheet again) Narrative 01.01 Population of Counties: 1831 to 2010 01.02 Characteristics of the Population: 1831 to 2010 01.03 Resident Population, by Military Status: 2010 to 2019 01.04 Resident and De Facto Population, by Residence Status: 2000 to 2019 01.05 Resident Population of Islands: 1970 to 2014-2018 01.06 Resident Population, by County: 2000 to 2019 01.07 Percentage Change in Resident Population, by County: 2000 to 2019 01.08 County Population as a Share of the State Total: 2000 to 2019 01.09 De Facto Population, by County: 2000 to 2019 01.10 Population, Land Area and Population Density, by County and Island: 2010 01.11 Resident Population of Counties and Judicial Districts: 1990 to 2014-2018 01.12 Resident Population and Number of Households, by Island and Census Designated Place: 2014-2018 01.13 Population and Percentage Change Rankings: 2010 and 2019 01.14 Resident Population for Oahu Neighborhoods: 2010 and 2014-2018 01.15 Population Characteristics of Oahu Neighborhoods: 2014-2018 01.16 Resident Population and Households, by Island and Census Tract: 2014-2018 01.17 Resident Population of Hawaiian Home Lands, by Island: 2014-2018 01.18 Resident Population, by Island and Zip Code Tabulation Area: 2014-2018 01.19 Resident and De Facto Population and Employed Persons, for Waikiki: 1970 to 2010 01.20 Urban and Rural Areas, by County: 2010 01.21 Centers of Population, by County: 1990 to
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Status of the Virgin Islands Divorces
    LEGAL STATUS OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS DIVORCES By VimN D. CALLoWAY, JR.* L Introduction In recent months it has become increasingly popular among United States citizens seeking divorces to forsake the time-honored trek to Reno, and head instead for the outlying territory of the Virgin Islands. This change in direction of the so called "divorce trade" is due to the comparative ease with which one can obtain a divorce decree and the attractions of the Islands. For those who can afford the trip, it is thought that two birds can be killed with one stone, so to speak: a divorce obtained and a restful vacation enjoyed. By provision of Congress, the Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands was set up to enact legislation applicable to the Virgin Islands as a whole,' the District Court of the Virgin Islands being given jurisdiction of all cases of divorce and annulment of mar- 2 riage. The current divorce law was enacted by the eighth Legislative Assembly of the Virgin Islands on December 18, 1944; approved December 29, 1944, by the acting Governor; and went into effect on January 28, 1945. The law gives as grounds3 for either party to obtain a legal separation, or to have their marriage contract dis- solved, at the plantiff's option, for: adultery, cruelty, impotency, desertion for one year, habitual drunkenness for one year, convic- 4 tion of a felony, insanity, and incompatibility of temperament. If the marriage was not celebrated in the district of the suit, before commencing action, the plaintiff must have been an inhabi- tant for a six-week period; such period being declared "Sufficient to give the court jurisdiction without regard to the place where the marriage was performed or the cause of action arose."'5 When the dissolution judgment has become final, and after the expiration of * 2nd year law student, Duke University; A.B.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the World's Economic Center of Gravity Already in Asia?∗
    Is the World’s Economic Center of Gravity Already in Asia?∗ Jean-Marie Grether†and Nicole A. Mathys‡ November, 2006 Abstract This paper proposes a simple measure of the World’s Economic Center of Gravity (WECG) based on national GDP figures and the geographical location of the world’s most important cities. This measure makes it pos- sible to characterize the location of economic activity around the globe. It turns out that, over the 1975-2004 period, the WECG has shifted to- wards Asia, and the location of economic activity has become more evenly spread. On average, the distance to the WECG, which is highly corre- lated with the remoteness indicator frequently used in the trade gravity literature, has decreased more in Asian cities (-12%) and increased more in European cities (+16%). JEL Classification numbers: F01 Key Words: Geographical location of economic activity, center of grav- ity, spatial imbalances ∗We thank Olivier Cadot, Céline Carrère, Jaime de Melo, João Vieira-Montez, Stefano Puddu and particularly Marius Brülhart for very useful comments. The usual disclaimers apply. †University of Neuchâtel, Pierre-a-Mazel 7, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland, tel: +41 32 718 13 56, fax: +41 32 718 14 01, e-mail: [email protected] ‡University of Lausanne, Internef, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, e-mail: [email protected] 1 1 Introduction Economic activity at the world-wide level has been drifting towards Asia in recent years. In particular, many would agree with the assertion of French (2005) that the growth performance of China and India has pulled ”the globe’s economic center of gravity decidedly towards Asia”.
    [Show full text]
  • The US Federal Framework and American Samoa
    UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BOTHELL Constitutional Ambiguity as Policy: The U.S. Federal Framework and American Samoa Kerry L Francis 6/9/2014 A Capstone project presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Policy Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, UWB. Acknowledgements I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to Professor Camille Walsh for her helpful guidance and indispensable insight in the writing of this paper; and to Professor Johanna Crane, whose comments greatly factored in the paper’s final outcome. Also, I must acknowledge Professors Alan Wood, Bruce Kochis, Daniel Goldhaber, Daniel Jacoby, Keith Nitta, Nives Dolšak, and Shauna Carlisle, whose instruction imparted in me in each their own way, something beyond the learning of the course and program curriculum in the classroom. And finally—to Jennifer—whose steady encouragement, counsel and friendship since those sunny years in high school, bumped and pushed me along to this moment. i For Noah. ii Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter I – the Policy Problem…………………………………………………………………….2 Chapter II – Literature Review……………………………………………………………….........9 Chapter III – Methodology……………………………………………………………………….21 Discussion of Methods…………………………………………………………………...23 Chapter IV – Results and Discussion..............................................................................................26 South Pacific Preludes……………………………………………………………………31 The Deeds of Cession and the Early Phase of
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record-Senate. March 31
    , 3550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 31, amending the interstate-commerce law-to the Committee on In- PETITIONS AND ME.MORIA.LS, terstate and Foreign Commerce. - · l\Ir.,HANSBROUGH. I presentresolutions adopted a.ta. meet­ Also, resolution of the San Diego (Cal.) Chamber of Commerce, ing of citizens of South Minnewaukon Township, in the county for the passage of House bill No. 7097, providing for a reorganfaa­ of Ramsey, N. Dak., declaring in favor og the Boers in South- ~ tion of the consular service-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Africa, against a tariff as to Puerto Rico, against the ship-subsidy By Mr. NORTON of Ohio: Petition of E. B. Hubbard and other bill, and against the war in the Philippines. I ask that the reso­ druggists of Tiffin, Ohio, for the repeal of the stamp tax on medi­ lutions, which can not be sent to any particnlar committee, be cines, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. printed in th~ RECORD . • Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 7798, for the relief of There being no objection, the resolutions were ordered to lie on Dentpn Whipf?-to the Co~mittee on Military Affairs. the table and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Also, resolution of the Ohio Association of Local Fire Insurance Agents urging the passage of House bill No. 6252, relating to the SOUTH MrnNEWAUK.AN TOWNSHIP, N. DAK., March 19, 1900. collection of tax on fire-insurance policies-to the Committee on To the Senators and Rep1·esentative of North Dakota in Congress: Tile residents of Sou th Minnewaukan Township in mass meeting assembled.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hand-Book on the Annexation of Hawaii
    A HAND-BOOK ....ON THE.... ANNEXATION OF HAWAII BY "" LORRIN A. THURS|TjQK nWvF; If;IMJ • 1. Shall Hawaii Be Annexed? . / . 1 ' 2. Arguments in Favor of Annexation i . 3 3. A Brief Description of Hawaii, its People, Govern- ment, Laws, Commerce, Finances, Educational System and Resources . .20 4. Twenty Objections to Annexation and Replies . thereto . .27 5. A Digest of the Official Opinions of American Presidents, Secretaries of State, Ministers, and Military and Naval Officers concerning the Annexation or Control of Hawaii . -47 6. President Harrison’s Message to the Senate Ad- . vocating Annexation . -49 7. President McKinley’s Message to the Senate Ad- vocating Annexation . -50 8. Report of Secretary Sherman to President McKinley Advocating Annexation . -59 9. A Digest of the Acts of Congress and of Hawaii concerning American Control or Annexation of Hawaii .........74 10. Text of the Hawaiian Annexation Treaties of 1854, 1893, and 1897; and of the Reciprocity and - Pearl Harbor Treaties of 1875 and 1887 . -77 be no near to and passing as States. and a there Station. numbered to failed, the Fernandez, coast United Supply coal the between only and Juan to which the connecting and American there, islands is water, belongs line the Hawaii wood, Callao, near station small black so Honolulu, the which near are naval of heavyfurnish of a within and any the can on, west on Pacific by Gallapagos, miles establish or the which to of spot depended 1867there Hawaii. in portion is be surrounded one it. thousanda the spacebut spot of madeavailable is part Island, now the that cannot a was 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 751-100-055, Issue 9, in Its Entirety
    ......·.·.·.·.·········;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.;.:.:.:.:·:·:····;-;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.:.;.:-:·:·:·:·:·:··························································· .·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.•.•••··· ······.·.·.·.·.·.·······································:·:·:·:·:·:;;;:;:.:;:;:;;;;;:;:;·;·;·;·;·;·;·;·;·:·:·:·:·:·:.;.;.;.;.;.;.;•......... ·•·.·.·. Bellcore Practice Bellcore BR 751·100·055 Issue 1 0, August 1995 @Bell Cornrnunication Research COMMON LANGUAGE® STATE, PROVINCE, TERRITORY, COUNTRY AND UNIQUE CODES CONTENTS PAGE 1. PURPOSE.............................................................................................. 3 2. SCOPE ................................................................................................. 3 3. REASON FOR ISSUE............................................................................ 3 4. GENERAL . ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. 4 5. STATE CODE....................................................................................... 4 6. UNIQUE LOCATIONS: PLACE AND STATE CODES 6 Tables A. States of the United States (US) Codes................................................... 8 United States Outlying and Pacific Ocean Territories Codes .................. 9 States of Mexico (MX) Codes ................................................................. 10 Provinces and Territories of Canada (CN) Codes................................... 11 Unique Locations Codes . .. ... ... ............. ... .. .. ..... ....... ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Communities Report
    Fishing Communities of the United States 2006 Economics and Sociocultural Status and Trends Series U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-98 May 2009 a b Fishing Communities of the United States, 2006 Economics and Social Analysis Division Office of Science and Technology National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-98 May 2009 U.S. Department of Commerce Gary Locke, Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., Administrator of NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Balsiger, Ph.D., Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries i Suggested citation: National Marine Fisheries Service. 2009. Fishing Communities of the United States, 2006. U.S. Dept. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/SPO-98, 84 p. Available at: http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st5/publication/index.html A copy of this report may be obtained from: Economics and Social Analysis Division Attn: Susan Abbott-Jamieson or Rita Curtis Office of Science and Technology National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 Or online at: http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st5/publication/index.html Photo credits: Susan Abbott-Jamieson, Charlie Ess, William B. Folsom, Palma Ingles, Edward J. Pastula, Jenifer Sepez, Tony Suber, NOAA Photo Library Front cover photo: Unisea seafood processing plant, Dutch Harbor/ Unalaska, in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, the largest U.S. port by pounds landed Inside front photo: A fleet of longline fishing vessels crowd Pier 17 in Honolulu ii Contents v Preface 1 National Overview 2 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • An Example in Between Southeast Asia and China
    73 Articles Section Emerging Asian Growth Circles: An example in between Southeast Asia and China Lim Joo-Jock The region between Southeast Asia and China has interests and aspirations of the various lowland been a forgotten backwater in the swift movement to states. economic uplift in many parts of Asia. It has remained in the boondocks; its development stymied There has been considerable strategic interest in this and marred by armed dissent and sometimes by zone especially with the departure of the colonial repression of civilian populations that gives impetus powers in the period after World War II and the rise to a further spiral downwards of an already deprived of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This region. interest was however largely limited to maintaining the generalised and often diluted authority of the capital cities over the hill tracts and their residents. The Highlands of Continental Southeast Asia The broad highland zone that separates China from Modern Boundaries Criss-Cross the Zone mainland Southeast Asia, and divides the states of mainland Southeast Asia, has been described as a During the period of western, i.e. British and classic type of a border zone or march-land with a French, dominance the salient geo-political features buffering function. The highland belt stretches from of the precisely-defined territorial nation-state of Tibet to Assam, through northern Myanmar Europe were transplanted to this broad march-land. (Burma), the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, This led to trigonometrically surveyed and Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou and to northern delineated boundaries, with markers wherever Thailand and spills over into Laos and the hills of possible, being imposed on this previously northern Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Definitions of Rural:A Handbook for Health Policy Makers And
    Definitions of Rural: A Handbook for Health Policy Makers and Researchers Thomas C. Ricketts, Ph.D. Karen D. Johnson-Webb, M.A. Patricia Taylor, Ph.D. June 1, 1998 A Technical Issues Paper prepared for the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy Health Resources and Services Administration US DHHS Prepared under Contract Number HRSA 93-857(P) From the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy to the North Carolina Rural Health Research Program Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill June 1998 Introduction “…the perceived magnitude of rural health care problems and the impact of any change in public policy depend on how ‘rural’ is defined.”—Maria Hewitt (1992) In developing policies to address problems of access and health status for rural people in the United States, policy makers must specify the definition of “rural.” At the national level, there are two major ways to define rural: the Office of Management and Budget metropolitan- nonmetropolitan classification of counties and the US Bureau of the Census classification of areas and population. Neither of these two principal, nationally-applicable definitions completely and adequately captures the essence of what is rural nor provides a universally-applicable method that precisely separates urban from rural populations or places. This handbook was commissioned by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy as part of its continuing efforts to support policy-relevant rural health services research and analysis. It describes these two major methods of describing rurality, the OMB and Census methods, and major variations of those methods. The report is meant to assist policy makers in identifying classification methods they can use to target programs and policies to rural problems and to guide policy analysts in understanding how to delineate urban and rural populations and areas.
    [Show full text]