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Table of Contents Maui County’s Landscape and Gardening Handbook Xeriscaping in Maui County ................................................................. 1 Planning and Design................................................................................................................. 1 Hydro-zones.............................................................................................................................. 1 Plant Selection and the Maui jkCounty Planting Zones............................................................ 2 Soil Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 4 Mulching.................................................................................................................................... 5 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 7 Other Interesting Techniques for the Ambitious ..................................... 8 Xeriscape Ponds....................................................................................................................... 8 Aquaponics in the Backyard ..................................................................................................... 9 Water Polymer Crystals ........................................................................................................... -
2019 TIGER/Line Shapefiles Technical Documentation
TIGER/Line® Shapefiles 2019 Technical Documentation ™ Issued September 2019220192018 SUGGESTED CITATION FILES: 2019 TIGER/Line Shapefiles (machine- readable data files) / prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 U.S. Department of Commerce Economic and Statistics Administration Wilbur Ross, Secretary TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION: Karen Dunn Kelley, 2019 TIGER/Line Shapefiles Technical Under Secretary for Economic Affairs Documentation / prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 U.S. Census Bureau Dr. Steven Dillingham, Albert Fontenot, Director Associate Director for Decennial Census Programs Dr. Ron Jarmin, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer GEOGRAPHY DIVISION Deirdre Dalpiaz Bishop, Chief Andrea G. Johnson, Michael R. Ratcliffe, Assistant Division Chief for Assistant Division Chief for Address and Spatial Data Updates Geographic Standards, Criteria, Research, and Quality Monique Eleby, Assistant Division Chief for Gregory F. Hanks, Jr., Geographic Program Management Deputy Division Chief and External Engagement Laura Waggoner, Assistant Division Chief for Geographic Data Collection and Products 1-0 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1. Introduction 1.1 What is a Shapefile? A shapefile is a geospatial data format for use in geographic information system (GIS) software. Shapefiles spatially describe vector data such as points, lines, and polygons, representing, for instance, landmarks, roads, and lakes. The Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) created the format for use in their software, but the shapefile format works in additional Geographic Information System (GIS) software as well. 1.2 What are TIGER/Line Shapefiles? The TIGER/Line Shapefiles are the fully supported, core geographic product from the U.S. Census Bureau. They are extracts of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. -
Development of Traffic Safety Zones and Integrating Macroscopic and Microscopic Safety Data Analytics for Novel Hot Zone Identification
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2014 Development of Traffic Safety Zones and Integrating Macroscopic and Microscopic Safety Data Analytics for Novel Hot Zone Identification JaeYoung Lee University of Central Florida Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lee, JaeYoung, "Development of Traffic Safety Zones and Integrating Macroscopic and Microscopic Safety Data Analytics for Novel Hot Zone Identification" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4619. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4619 DEVELOPMENT OF TRAFFIC SAFETY ZONES AND INTEGRATING MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC SAFETY DATA ANALYTICS FOR NOVEL HOT ZONE IDENTIFICATION by JAEYOUNG LEE B. Eng. Ajou University, Korea, 2007 M.S. Ajou University, Korea, 2009 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2014 Major Professor: Mohamed Abdel-Aty © 2014 JAEYOUNG LEE ii ABSTRACT Traffic safety has been considered one of the most important issues in the transportation field. With consistent efforts of transportation engineers, Federal, State and local government officials, both fatalities and fatality rates from road traffic crashes in the United States have steadily declined from 2006 to 2011.Nevertheless, fatalities from traffic crashes slightly increased in 2012 (NHTSA, 2013). -
Zipcoder: Data & Functions for Working with US ZIP Codes
Package ‘zipcodeR’ September 22, 2021 Title Data & Functions for Working with US ZIP Codes Version 0.3.3 Description Make working with ZIP codes in R painless with an inte- grated dataset of U.S. ZIP codes and functions for working with them. Search ZIP codes by multiple geographies, includ- ing state, county, city & across time zones. Also included are functions for relating ZIP codes to Census data, geocoding & distance calculations. License GPL-3 URL https://github.com/gavinrozzi/zipcodeR/, https://www.gavinrozzi.com/project/zipcoder/ BugReports https://github.com/gavinrozzi/zipcodeR/issues/ Encoding UTF-8 LazyData true RoxygenNote 7.1.2 Imports rlang, stringr, raster, tidycensus, tidyr, dplyr, jsonlite, httr, curl, RSQLite, DBI Depends R (>= 3.5.0) Suggests knitr, rmarkdown, markdown, readr, testthat (>= 3.0.0), covr VignetteBuilder knitr, rmarkdown Config/testthat/edition 3 NeedsCompilation no Author Gavin Rozzi [aut, cre] (<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-8175>) Maintainer Gavin Rozzi <[email protected]> Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2021-09-22 04:30:02 UTC 1 2 download_zip_data R topics documented: download_zip_data . .2 geocode_zip . .3 get_cd . .3 get_tracts . .4 is_zcta . .4 normalize_zip . .5 reverse_zipcode . .5 search_cd . .6 search_city . .6 search_county . .7 search_fips . .8 search_radius . .8 search_state . .9 search_tz . 10 zcta_crosswalk . 10 zip_code_db . 11 zip_distance . 12 zip_to_cd . 12 Index 14 download_zip_data Download updated data files needed for library functionality to the package’s data directory. To be -
C2KBASIC.QXD (Page 1)
Census 2000 Basics Issued September 2002 MSO/02-C2KB U.S. Department of Commerce U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Helping You Make Informed Decisions 1902-2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared by Andrea Sevetson under the general direction of John Kavaliunas, Chief, Marketing Services Office and Joanne Dickinson, Chief, Marketing Branch. Kim D. Ottenstein, Bernadette J. Gayle, and Laurene V. Qualls of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, pro- vided publications and printing manage- ment, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and elec- tronic media. General direction and production management were provided by Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, Publications Services Branch. Census 2000 Basics Issued September 2002 MSO/02-C2KB U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary Samuel W. Bodman, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director SUGGESTED CITATION U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Census 2000 Basics U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 2002 ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director William G. Barron, Jr., Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Cynthia Z.F. Clark, Acting Principal Associate Director for Programs Preston Jay Waite, Associate Director for Decennial Census Gloria Gutierrez, Assistant Director for Marketing and Customer Liaison CONTENTS I. Importance of the Census: What it is used for and why .......................... 1 II. -
Layout Summary of Geocode File
Page 1 of 6 Layout Summary of Geocode File Variable Name Variable Description Length ADDR_TYPE USPS Record, Type of Record Matched 1 This data comes from HUD file. APT_NO Apartment Number (Address Line 2) 8 Contains the Apartment number (secondary address) portion of the street address. This data comes from HUD file. APT_TYPE Apartment Type 4 Contains the secondary address type abbreviation (Apt = Apartment, Ste = Suite, # = Apartment, RM = Room, FL = Floor, etc..). This data comes from HUD file. BG2K Census 2000 Block Group 1 It is the first character of the block ID (BLOCK2K) in the HUD file. BLK_FLG Block ID flag 1 This flag value identifies if HUD and NHIS block ID disagree. BLOCK2K is the block ID from the HUD file and COMBBLK is the block ID from the NHIS UCF file. BLKG_FLG Block group flag 1 This flag value identifies if HUD and NHIS block group disagree. BG2K is the block group from the HUD file and BLKGRP is the block group from the NHIS UCF file. BLKGRP Block Group 1 It is the first character of the block ID (COMBBLK) in the NHIS UCF file. BLOCK2K Census 2000 Block ID 4 First character is the census block group, it comes from the HUD geocoded file. C1PARC Apartment Return Code 1 Postal matcher apartment return codes. This data comes from HUD file. C1PDRC Directional Return Code 1 Postal matcher directional return codes. This data comes from HUD file. C1PGRC General Return Code 1 Postal matcher general return codes. This data comes from HUD file. C1PPRB Address Match Probability 1 Postal matcher address match probability return codes. -
1. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED in the ACS for Reporting Purposes, the U.S
1. GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED IN THE ACS For reporting purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau divides Geographic areas are organized in a hierarchy (see the nation into two main types of geographic areas, Figure 1.1). Larger units, such as states, include smaller legal and statistical. Legal areas are defined specifi- units such as counties and census tracts. This structure cally by law, and include state, local, and tribal govern- is derived from the legal, administrative, or areal rela- ment units, and some specially defined administrative tionships of the entities. In the American Community areas like congressional districts. Many, but not all of Survey (ACS), block groups are the lowest (smallest) these areas, are represented by elected officials. An level of geography published. Block group data are example of a legal area is New York State. only available in the ACS 5-year data products. The ACS does not produce data at the block level. Statistical areas are defined directly by the Census Bureau and state, regional, or local authorities for the In Figure 1.1, the geographic types connected by lines purpose of presenting data. Examples of statistical are nested within each other. For example, a line areas include census designated places, census tracts, extends from counties to census tracts because a urban areas, and metropolitan statistical areas (such as county is completely comprised of census tracts, and a the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan single census tract cannot cross a county boundary. Statistical Area). Figure 1.1. Hierarchy of Select Geographic Entities in the ACS NATION American Indian Areas/ Alaska Native Areas/ Hawaiian Home Lands ZIP Code Tabulation Areas REGIONS (ZCTA)** Urban Areas DIVISIONS Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas School Districts STATES Places Congressional Districts Counties Public Use Microdata Areas Alaska Native Regional Areas County Subdivisions State Legislative Districts* Census Tracts* Block Groups* * Five-year estimates only. -
Ka Moolelo O Kauai O Kukona Ka Mo’I O Ke Aupuni O Kauai, Huiia Me Kaula, Niihau, a Me Lehua I Na KA MOOLELO KAUA‘I’S Makahiki 1400
Ka Moolelo o Kauai O Kukona ka mo’i o ke aupuni o Kauai, huiia me Kaula, Niihau, a me Lehua i na KA MOOLELO KAUA‘I’S makahiki 1400. Noloko mai no o Kukona kekahi lalani alii nana i hoomalu maluna o ka aina a hiki ia Kaumualii (hanauia 1778 a make 1824) a lilo ke aupuni ia Kamehameha i ka makahiki 1810 ma ke kuikahi mawaena o ke aupuni o Kauai a O KAUAI HERITAGE me ke aupuni o Kamehameha. O Manokalanipo ke keiki a Kukona. Oia ka mo’i i mele nui ia’i iloko o na mele e like me Nani Waialeale a me Kauai Beauty. O ke kumu o kona mele nui ia ana, no ka Holomua ka Naauao A Growing Society mea, oia ka mo’i o ka aina nei nana i kukulu i kona aupuni me ka hoonohonoho pono ana i na mahele aina like ole he moku a he ahupuaa me ka hoonoho ana i Ua holomua loa ka naauao o kanaka mamuli o ke akamai Kānaka Maoli (native Hawaiians) have lived in the area na alii maluna o kela me keia na lakou e lawelawe no ka pono o ka lahui. Mamuli o o ka noho alii ana o Manokalanipo. I kona wa i kukuluia’i surrounding Kānei‘olouma for several centuries. Upon keia papa hana, ua lako ka aina a lako ka ai a me ka i’a na kanaka. Ma ia hope mai na loko ia e like me ka mea kamaaina i keia au nei, a peia settling the area, Kānaka Maoli organized their system ikeia ka laha loa o ka maluhia maluna o ka aina a ua nui ke alohaia o ua mo’i nei. -
Necker Island Reserve Preservation Area
Necker Island Reserve Preservation Area MAP The reserve preservation area in this section is approximated using fathoms (fm) but shall be represented in future maps by the Secretary using straight- line boundaries in longitude and latitude coordinates to clearly encompass the reserve preservation area and to provide clarity and ease of identification. RESERVE PRESERVATION AREA The Reserve Preservation Area for Necker Island includes the waters and submerged lands from the seaward boundary of Hawaii state waters out to a mean depth of 100 fathoms, provided that commercial bottomfishing and trolling for pelagic species by recreational fishers and commercial bottomfishers shall be allowed to continue seaward of a mean depth of 25 fathoms, unless and until the Secretary determines otherwise after adequate public review and comment. ENVIRONMENT Necker Island is a hook-shaped dry volcanic island that includes about 45 acres of land. More than 380,000 acres of coral reef habitat are associated with the island. With regard to reef and coral development, Necker Island resembles Nihoa Island in several respects. Necker is a small island unable to buffer the impacts of strong waves that can break along the submerged shorelines from any direction. The effects of scour (surge combined with sand and other sediments) Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian Northwestern is evident from the wave-cut bench in West Cove and the deeply cut sand channels and chasms at several locations in deeper water. The concentration of living corals on elevated surfaces is a manifestation of corals surviving better in less scour-prone environments. Although Necker is smaller than Nihoa, deeper coral reef shelf habitat surrounding Necker is more extensive. -
Is the World's Economic Center of Gravity Already in Asia?∗
Is the World’s Economic Center of Gravity Already in Asia?∗ Jean-Marie Grether†and Nicole A. Mathys‡ November, 2006 Abstract This paper proposes a simple measure of the World’s Economic Center of Gravity (WECG) based on national GDP figures and the geographical location of the world’s most important cities. This measure makes it pos- sible to characterize the location of economic activity around the globe. It turns out that, over the 1975-2004 period, the WECG has shifted to- wards Asia, and the location of economic activity has become more evenly spread. On average, the distance to the WECG, which is highly corre- lated with the remoteness indicator frequently used in the trade gravity literature, has decreased more in Asian cities (-12%) and increased more in European cities (+16%). JEL Classification numbers: F01 Key Words: Geographical location of economic activity, center of grav- ity, spatial imbalances ∗We thank Olivier Cadot, Céline Carrère, Jaime de Melo, João Vieira-Montez, Stefano Puddu and particularly Marius Brülhart for very useful comments. The usual disclaimers apply. †University of Neuchâtel, Pierre-a-Mazel 7, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland, tel: +41 32 718 13 56, fax: +41 32 718 14 01, e-mail: [email protected] ‡University of Lausanne, Internef, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, e-mail: [email protected] 1 1 Introduction Economic activity at the world-wide level has been drifting towards Asia in recent years. In particular, many would agree with the assertion of French (2005) that the growth performance of China and India has pulled ”the globe’s economic center of gravity decidedly towards Asia”. -
First Record of Black Noddy Nesting at Kure Atoll--During 13-15 July 1982 I Visitedgreen Island,Kurc Atoll, to Assistwith a Surveyon Wildlifestatus and Distribution
66] GeneralNotes J.Field WinterOrnithol. 1985 was$6.$øC (35.0-37.5, n -- 9) or only 10% lessthan the meanbody temperature $9.4øC ($8.6-40.0, n = 6) of incubatingfemales on the studytract; a situationsimilar to that in young Great-HornedOwls when they becomeefficient thermoregulators (Turner and McClanahan1981). Nestlingplumage developments that might affectthermoregulation abilityare the unfurlingof the prepennaceousdown over muchof the bodybeginning at aboutage 7 daysand the unfurlingof the tipsof the contourfeather quills, especially on the wings,scapulars, and dorsaltract, beginningat aboutage 14 days. When FloridaScreech-Owls achieve temperature regulation at about 14-16 daysof age at a meanweight of 72-84 g (n -- 15, Lohrer, unpublisheddata), they are similarin certainaspects of developmentto CaliforniaGreat Horned Owlsthat achievetemperature regulationat 28 daysof age at a weightof about 700 (88)or 1000 (•) g (Turner and McClanahan1981). Both speciesbecome efficient thermoregulators at about halfway throughtheir respectivenestling periods. In addition,both speciesare closeto or have just reachedpeak nestlingweights (Otus 80-93%, sexescombined; Bubo 95% 88, 100% •), and both are about sAof adult weight (Otus66-75% of 109 g, O. a. floridanus,sexes combined,Lohrer, unpublisheddata; Bubo70% of 991 g c•, 76% of 1312 g •, B. v. pacificus,Earhart and Johnson 1970, Condor72:251-264). The developmentof ther- moregulationability at aboutthe samenestling stage in these2 speciesof greatlydifferent sizesuggests that this maybe a generalpattern for owls.However, more data are needed from intermediate-sizedowl speciesto confirm this SUggestion.--FRzDE. LOVIRER,Archbold BiologicalStation, P.O. Box 2057, LakePlacid, Florida 33852. Received6 July 1983;accepted 5 Nov. 1984. First Record of Black Noddy Nesting at Kure AtolL--During 13-15 July 1982 I visitedGreen Island,Kurc Atoll, to assistwith a surveyon wildlifestatus and distribution. -
Cruise Report Vessel
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE/NOAA FISHERIES Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center 2570 Dole St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2396 (808) 983-5300 Fax: (808) 983-2902 CRUISE REPORT1 VESSEL: F/V Katy Mary, Cruise NC-08-01 CRUISE PERIOD: 5 August–8 September 2008 AREA OF OPERATION: Necker Island, Gardner Pinnacles, Maro Reef and Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) (Fig. 1) TYPE OF OPERATION: Personnel from the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) conducted lobster trapping and tagging in the waters around Necker Island, Gardner Pinnacles, Maro Reef and Laysan Island, NWHI from August 5 to September 8, 2008. ITINERARY: 5 August Start of cruise. Embarked scientists Michael Clarke, John Wickstrom and Joseph O’Malley. Departed Honolulu, Oahu; transited to Laysan Island. 10 August Arrived Laysan Island. Commenced lobster trapping and tagging operations. 16 August Hauled lobster traps. Departed Laysan Island and transited to Maro Reef. 17 August Arrived Maro Reef. Commenced lobster trapping and tagging operations. 23 August Hauled lobster traps. Departed Maro Reef and transited to Gardner Pinnacles. 24 August Arrived Gardner Pinnacles. Commenced lobster trapping and tagging operations. 1 PIFSC Cruise Report CR-08-012 Issued 16 September 2008 30 August Hauled lobster traps. Departed Gardner Pinnacles and transited to Necker Island. 31 August Arrived Necker Island. Commenced lobster trapping and tagging operations. 6 September Hauled lobster traps. Departed Necker Island and transited to Honolulu, Oahu. 8 September Arrived Honolulu, Oahu. Disembarked scientists Michael Clarke, John Wickstrom, and Joseph O’Malley. MISSIONS AND RESULTS: 2.1 Missions of the cruise are: A.