Census 2000 Basics Issued September 2002
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U.S. Department of Commerce U S C E N S U S B U R E A U Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Helping You Make Informed Decisions 1902-2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared by Andrea Sevetson under the general direction of John Kavaliunas, Chief, Marketing Services Office and Joanne Dickinson, Chief, Marketing Branch.
Kim D. Ottenstein, Bernadette J. Gayle, and Laurene V. Qualls of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, pro- vided publications and printing manage- ment, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and elec- tronic media. General direction and production management were provided by Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, Publications Services Branch. Census 2000 Basics Issued September 2002
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U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary Samuel W. Bodman, Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director SUGGESTED CITATION
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Census 2000 Basics U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 2002
ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION
Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director William G. Barron, Jr., Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Cynthia Z.F. Clark, Acting Principal Associate Director for Programs Preston Jay Waite, Associate Director for Decennial Census Gloria Gutierrez, Assistant Director for Marketing and Customer Liaison CONTENTS
I. Importance of the Census: What it is used for and why ...... 1
II. Census 2000 Activities...... 2
III. Confidentiality ...... 5
IV. Geographic Areas...... 5
V. Census 2000 Data Releases ...... 8
VI. Census 2000 Products and Assistance ...... 12
VII. Other Census Services ...... 12 Census 2000 Basics
We’ve come a long way since get a snapshot of the state of In addition to apportionment, the first census in 1790 that the nation. the decennial census results are counted 3.9 million people. used to: Then the census was taken in I. Importance of the distribute almost $200 billion the 13 original states, plus the · Census: What it is annually in federal, state, local, districts of Kentucky, Maine, used for and why and tribal funds; Vermont, and the Southwest draw state legislative districts; Territory (of Tennessee). The U.S. Constitution, Article I, · Federal Marshalls asked six Section 2 mandates that an appor- · evaluate the success of programs questions: name of head of tionment of representatives among or identify populations in need of family and number of persons the states, for the House of services; Representatives, be carried out in household and the number and many other purposes. The every 10 years (decennially). · of persons in each household URL http://www.census.gov/ Apportionment is the process of of the following descriptions: dmd/www/content.htm has a dividing the 435 seats in the U.S. Free White males 16 years and comprehensive review of each of House of Representatives among the questions and why it upward, free White males the 50 states. Congress decides is asked. under 16 years, free White the method to carry out the appor- females, all other free persons tionment and, since 1940, has used While the federal government uses (by sex and color) and slaves. the method of ‘equal proportions’ in census data for many purposes, accordance with Title 2, U.S. Code. businesses, students, and many In the 210 years since the others also use census data. first census, the census has Using equal portions, each state is Businesses may use the data to grown to a sophisticated tool. assigned one congressional seat (as decide where to locate an outlet, or Census 2000, taken April 1, provided by the Constitution). The to select products for a specific 2000, counted 281,421,906 apportionment formula then allo- area. Students research neighbor- people in the 50 states and the cates the remaining 385 seats one hoods and cities for class projects at a time among the 50 states until and the local parent-teacher organi- District of Columbia. The ques- all 435 seats are assigned. zation may use data to track trends tionnaire included seven ques- in the local area. Historians, tions for each house- hold: name, sex, age, relationship, Hispanic Figure 1. origin, race, and Apportionment of the U.S. House of AK Representatives for the 108th Congress whether the housing 1 unit was owned or (For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/pl94-171.pdf) rented. In addition to these seven questions, WEST about 17 percent of REGION MIDWEST REGION the households got a WA 9 NORTHEAST MT ME much longer question- ND REGION 1 2 1 naire including ques- OR MN VT 8 1 NNHH 5 ID NY SD WI 2 MA 10 tions about ancestry, 2 29 1 8 MI WY RI 2 1 15 income, mortgage, IA PA CT 5 NE 5 19 NV OH NJ 13 and size of the hous- CA 3 IL 3 UT IN 18 53 CO 19 9 3 WV VA DE 1 ing unit. Census 2000 7 KS MO KY 3 11 MD 8 4 9 6 not only counted the NC TN AZ 13 population, but also OK 9 8 NM 5 AR SC Change from 1990 to 2000 3 4 6 sampled the socio-eco- GA State gaining 2 seats in the House MS AL 13 State gaining 1 seat in the House nomic status of the 4 7 TX LA No change 32 population, providing 7 State losing 1 seat in the House FL State losing 2 seats in the House a tool for government, HI 25 2 Census Region Boundary educators, business SOUTH REGION Note: Numbers represent reapportioned owners, and others to totals of U.S. representatives. Total U.S. representatives: 435
1 writers, and other researchers use about grandparents who have pri- of work this person can do at a job census data to get a flavor of what mary responsibility for care of or prevents this person from work- the country looked like at a particu- grandchildren (Title 13, U.S. Code, ing at a job.” In 2000, the question lar point in time. Chapter 5, Section 141). Several was revised to inquire about blind- questions from the 1990 Census, ness, deafness, and the ability to including information about chil- perform physical and mental tasks. II. Census 2000 dren ever born, source of water, Also in 1990, the questions on dis- Activities sewage disposal, and condominium ability were asked for those 15 status, were dropped for Census years and older; while in 2000, the Taking the decennial census is a big 2000. data were collected for persons 5 project. For Census 2000, many years and over. people were hired to assist in One important change for Census counting the population; temporary 2000 was the question on disabili- Additionally, there was a revision to employment peaked at about ty. In 1990, the question was the question on race. Respondents 475,000 one week. In preparation “Does this person have a physical, were given the option of selecting for this effort, the U.S. Census mental or other health condition one or more race categories to Bureau developed operational plans which has lasted for more than 6 indicate their racial identities. that were evaluated by using the months and that limits the amount results of test censuses to find out how response would be affected. Figure 2. A. Questionnaire Census 2000 Content Deciding which subjects to include 100-percent characteristics (short form): A limited in Census 2000 was an interactive number of questions were asked of every person and hous- process involving the Census ing unit in the United States. Information is available on: Bureau, the Office of Management and Budget, and the U.S. Congress. · Name · Hispanic or Latino origin To balance concerns about the · Household relationship · Race intrusiveness of the decennial cen- · Sex · Tenure (whether the sus and the government’s need for · Age home is owned or rented) data, only those subjects having specific federal justification for Sample characteristics (long form): Additional ques- their inclusion were on the Census tions were asked of a sample of persons and housing units. 2000 questionnaire. Data are provided on:
For Census 2000, as in several pre- Population Housing vious censuses, two forms were Social Characteristics used—a short form and a long Physical Characteristics form. The short form was sent to · Marital status · Units in structure every household, and the long · Place of birth, citizenship, · Year structure built form, containing the seven 100 per- and year of entry · Number of rooms and cent questions plus the sample · School enrollment and number of bedrooms questions, was sent to only a limit- educational attainment · Year moved into residence ed number of households. · Ancestry · Plumbing and kitchen · Residence 5 years ago facilities Generally, about one in every six (migration) · Telephone service houses nationwide received the · Language spoken at home · Vehicles available long form. The rate varied from and ability to speak English · Heating fuel one in two households in some · Veteran status · Farm residence smaller areas, to one in eight · Disability Grandparents as caregivers households for more densely popu- · Financial Characteristics lated areas. Value of home or monthly Economic Characteristics · rent paid Changes to the Questionnaire. · Labor force status · Utilities, mortgage, taxes, One new subject was added to the · Place of work and journey insurance, and fuel costs Census 2000 questionnaire: grand- to work parents as caregivers. This addi- · Occupation, industry, and tional question complied with legis- class of worker lation passed by the 104th · Work status in 1999 Congress requiring that the decen- · Income in 1999 nial census obtain information
2 of all households had USPS-deliv- Figure 3. ered questionnaires. For rural Census 2000 Question on Race areas (e.g., those with a rural route number or a post office box), the Census Bureau had a door-to-door canvass to identify each structure and locate it on census maps.
C. Promotion Census 2000 was the first decenni- al census to use a paid advertising campaign. The campaign featured print and broadcast media, as well as outdoor advertising to encour- age positive informative coverage that emphasized the importance of responding to the census.
The core message of the campaign was "This is your future. Don't leave it blank." Five advertising agencies were used - one to create The race question included 15 sep- In addition to LUCA, the Census the core message, and the others to arate response categories and 3 Bureau worked with the U.S. Postal tailor the message to specific audi- areas where respondents could Service (USPS) using a postal check ences. The Census Bureau used an write in a more specific race group. to validate addresses and to identi- integrated plan to generate publici- The response categories and write- fy and add addresses that were ty and to encourage everyone to in answers were combined to cre- missing from their database. The respond to the census. The Census ate the five Office of Management Census Bureau also used enumera- Bureau established partnerships and Budget race categories plus tors, the Census Bureau staff who with many diverse groups and all “Some other race.” The Census go door-to-door gathering the data, levels of government both to publi- 2000 Brief Overview of Race and to canvass roads and streets look- cize the census and to encourage Hispanic Origin
3 questionnaire in Spanish, a data capture method that decision to use the Internet to dis- Vietnamese, Tagalog, Chinese, or took advantage of available hard- seminate Census 2000 data and Korean. The U.S. Postal Service ware and software representing publications. This was followed by delivered questionnaires between advances in information technology the development and implementa- March 13-15. A follow-up postcard and systems. Returned question- tion of what is now the American was sent out Census Day to remind naires were processed at the Factfinder (AFF). AFF has data from those who had not yet completed Census Bureau’s National Processing multiple sources (e.g. 1990 census, their questionnaires to fill them out Center located in Jeffersonville, 1997 Economic Census) and also and thanked those who had already Indiana, and three other centers, to has thematic and reference maps so done so. The “Be Counted” pro- carry out the following functions: that users can see the area for gram allowed people who hadn’t which they want data. See page 8 received a questionnaire to pick up · A full electronic data capture and for more information on AFF. a questionnaire in community loca- processing system recorded an tions across the country and fill it image of every questionnaire. F. Results out. And, enumerators followed up · Questionnaires returned by mail After the census was taken, num- with the households that did not were sorted automatically to bers were reported on a schedule return their questionnaires, making ensure timely capture of critical determined in part by U.S. law. The multiple contacts (telephone calls information. This was needed results of the census are reported: and personal visits) to housing before follow-up could occur units believed to be occupied. with addresses for which no · To the President. Title 13, U.S. response, or an incomplete Code requires that the apportion- As a result of the advertising cam- response, was received. ment population counts for each paign and follow-up, the national state be delivered to the final response rate was 67 percent. · Optical mark recognition was President within 9 months of the This exceeded the projected used for all check-box data census date. Apportionment response rate of 61 percent and items. counts are the population counts was better than the 65 percent · Intelligent character recognition for each state, which determine response rate from the 1990 cen- (ICR) was used to capture write- the number of members each sus. This was the first time in cen- in character-based data items. gets in the U. S. House of sus history that the mail response A clerical keying operation cap- Representatives. rate increased from the previous · tured and resolved difficult ICR census. On December 28, 2000, the cases. apportionment counts were delivered to the President. These E. Technology · A quality assurance review was conducted on data keying and counts showed that the resident A major improvement in automa- scanning activities. population of the United States tion for taking Census 2000 was on April 1, 2000, was Electronic imaging captured the · 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 data, reducing the logistical and percent over the 248,709,873 staffing requirements that han- persons counted during the 1990 dling large volumes of paper Census. questionnaires would have required. · To the states. According to Title 2, U.S. Code, within 15 days of After the census was taken, the receiving the apportionment pop- Census Bureau evaluated the ulation counts from the coverage using a coverage meas- President, the Clerk of the House urement survey. Each of the past must inform each state governor few censuses have had debates of the number of representatives about undercount and whether or to which each state is entitled. not data should be “adjusted,” and the 2000 Census was no · In March 2001, the Census exception. In October 2001, after Bureau released the first results the coverage measurement survey of Census 2000 data, which were was evaluated, the decision to use used by the states for redrawing the unadjusted Census 2000 Congressional and State figures was announced. Legislative Districts.
Another important technological advance between the 1990 and III. Confidentiality 2000 censuses was the develop- Census Bureau officials are ment and use of the Internet. In extremely aware of the importance 1996, the Census Bureau made a of confidentiality in taking the
4 census and in reporting the results. 2000 will be available for governmental services for a con- Under Title 13, United States Code, researchers on April 1, 2072. centration of people within legal- the Census Bureau cannot share the ly prescribed boundaries. New individual answers it receives with IV. Geographic Areas for Census 2000 are “city and others, including welfare agencies, borough” and “municipality,” the Immigration and Naturalization Census geography provides the which serve as both place- and Service, the Internal Revenue framework for interpreting, analyz- county-level entities in Alaska. Service, courts, or police. The mili- ing, and understanding census Minor Civil Division (MCD). tary personnel who help with the · data. The Census Bureau classifies The primary governmental or census on-base are sworn to pro- all geographic entities into two administrative division of a coun- tect the confidentiality of your broad categories: legal and admin- ty or statistically equivalent enti- answers. Anyone who breaks this istrative entities, and statistical ty in many states and statistically law can receive up to 5 years in entities. equivalent entities. MCDs are prison and $5,000 in fines. identified by a variety of terms, Legal/Administrative entities The computer systems and pro- generally originate from charters, grams used to store and process laws, treaties, resolutions, or court information collected are config- decisions. They include: ured to ensure that an individual’s information is protected from any · Congressional District. One unauthorized access; access to the of the 435 areas from which peo- Census Bureau’s computer systems ple are elected to the U.S. House is controlled through secure tech- of Representatives. nology including passwords, fire- walls, encryption, and auditing to · County. The primary legal divi- prevent unauthorized access. sion of every state except Alaska and Louisiana. A number of geo- To protect respondent confidentiali- graphic entities are not legally ty, names and addresses are sepa- designated as a county, but are rated from the electronic files that recognized by the Census Bureau contain an individual’s answers as equivalent to a county for when no longer needed. The data presentation purposes. Census Bureau withholds data if These include the boroughs, city they represent a population (within and boroughs, municipalities, a geographic area) so small that the and census areas in Alaska; numbers might identify someone. parishes in Louisiana; and cities that are independent of any The Census Bureau works hard to county in Maryland, Missouri, ensure that confidentiality is not Nevada, and Virginia. They also breached. Edits are performed on include the municipios in Puerto all data products to make sure con- Rico, districts and islands in such as township, town (in 8 fidential information is not released American Samoa, municipalities states), or district. The Census for any individual or household. in the Northern Mariana Islands, Bureau recognizes MCDs in 28 Confidentiality means that only and islands in the Virgin Islands states, the District of Columbia, sworn employees of the Census of the United States. Because Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas. Bureau may have access to individ- they contain no primary legal In 20 states and American ual census information for a period divisions, the Census Bureau Samoa, all or many MCDs are of 72 years, with the exception that treats the District of Columbia active general-purpose govern- individuals or their legal represen- and Guam each as equivalent to mental units. Many MCDs are not tatives can obtain official tran- a county (as well as equivalent to general-purpose governmental scripts of information about them- a state) for data presentation units, and therefore do not have selves from a census for use as evi- purposes. In American Samoa, a elected officials to carry out legal dence of age, relationship, citizen- county is a minor civil division. functions; instead, they serve as ship, etc. Incorporated Place (cities, nonfunctioning administrative · entities. After 72 years the records are towns, villages, etc.). A type released to the public. Copies of of governmental unit, incorporat- · State. A primary governmental census schedules (forms on which ed under state law as a city, division of the United States. The the enumerators recorded informa- town (except in New England, Census Bureau treats the District tion) from 1790-1930 are available New York, and Wisconsin), bor- of Columbia as the equivalent of on microform for research at the ough (except in Alaska and New a state for data presentation National Archives and at libraries. York), or village, generally to purposes. It also treats a number The questionnaires used for Census provide a wide array of specific of entities that are not legal
5 tribal officials based on Census Bureau guidelines. For Census 2000, for the first time, CDPs did not have to meet minimum pop- ulation threshold to qualify for the tabulation of census data. Note: A CDP in Puerto Rico is called a comunidad or zona urbana.
· Census Regions and Divisions. The 50 states and the District of Columbia have been grouped into four regions, each containing two or three divisions.
· Census Tract. A small, relative- ly permanent statistical subdivi- sion of a county or statistically equivalent entity, delineated for data presentation purposes by a divisions of the United States with the same digit in a census local group of census data users (e.g. Island Areas) as the equiva- tract. BGs generally contain or the geographic staff of a lent of states for data presenta- between 300 and 3,000 people, regional census center in accor- tion purposes. with an optimum size of 1,500 dance with Census Bureau guide- people. The BG is the lowest- United States. The 50 states lines. Census tracts generally · level geographic entity for which and the District of Columbia. contain between 1,000 and the Census Bureau tabulates 8,000 people. Census tract Voting District (VTD). The · sample data from a decennial boundaries are delineated with generic name for a geographic census. the intention of being stable over entity - such as an election dis- Census Block. An area bound- many decades, so they generally trict, precinct, or ward - estab- · ed on all sides by visible and/or follow relatively permanent visi- lished by state, local, and tribal nonvisible features shown on a ble features. However, they may governments for the purpose of map prepared by the Census follow governmental unit bound- conducting elections. Some Bureau. A block is the smallest aries and other invisible features reviewing officials adjusted the geographic entity for which the in some instances; the boundary boundaries of the voting districts Census Bureau tabulates decenni- of a state or county is always a (VTDs) they submitted to con- al census data. The census census tract boundary. Block form to census block boundaries blocks were completely renum- Numbering Areas (BNAs) are now for data presentation purposes, bered for Census 2000 using called census tracts. and therefore a VTD for which 4- digit numbers. Census 2000 provides data · Metropolitan Area (MA). A might not exactly represent the · Census County Divisions large population nucleus, togeth- legal entity; the Census Bureau (CCD). A statistical subdivision er with adjacent communities refers to such VTDs as pseudo- of a county, established and that have a high degree of eco- voting districts (pseudo-VTDs). delineated cooperatively by the nomic and social integration with Such VTDs, as well as any others Census Bureau and state, local, that nucleus. (Some MAs are for which state officials did not and tribal officials for data pres- defined around two or more specify a status, are identified by entation purposes. CCDs have nuclei.) MA is a collective term, a “P” in the VTD indicator field of been established in 21 states. established by the federal Office the Public Law (PL) data file. of Management and Budget in Census Designated Place · 1990, to refer to metropolitan (CDP). A geographic entity that Statistical entities usually evolve statistical areas (MSAs), consoli- serves as the statistical counter- from practice, custom, usage, or dated metropolitan statistical part of an incorporated place for need, and generally the Census areas (CMSAs), and primary met- the purpose of presenting census Bureau develops criteria and guide- ropolitan statistical areas data for an area with a concen- lines for their identification and (PMSAs). tration of population, housing, delineation. They include: and commercial structures that is Metropolitan Statistical Area · Block Group (BG). A statistical identifiable by name, but is not (MSA). An MSA is a metropolitan subdivision of a census tract. A within an incorporated place. area (MA) that is not closely BG consists of all tabulation CDPs usually are defined cooper- associated with another MA. An blocks whose numbers begin atively with state, local, and MSA consists of one or more
6 counties, except in New England, Figure 4. where MSAs are defined in terms Geographic Hierarchy for the 2000 Decennial Census of county subdivisions (primarily cities and towns). Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA). If an area that qualifies as a metropolitan area (MA) has a population of 1,000,000 or more, two or more primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) may be defined within it if they meet official standards and local governments favor that designation. When PMSAs are established within an MA, that MA is designated a con- solidated metropolitan statistical area. Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). An area becomes a CMSA if it qualifies as a metropolitan area, has a popu- lation of 1,000,000 or more, has component parts that qualify as primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) based on official standards, and local govern- ments favor the designation. CMSAs consist of whole counties except in New England, where they consist of county subdivi- sions (primarily cities and towns).
· Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA). A geographic entity for files to create their own statisti- 1,000 people per square mile, which the U.S. Census Bureau cal tabulations and data sum- and adjacent block groups and provides specially selected maries. blocks with at least 500 people per square mile that together extracts of raw data from a small Rural. All territory, population, · encompass a population of at sample of long-form census and housing units located out- least 2,500 people, but fewer records that are screened to pro- side of urbanized areas and than 50,000 people. tect confidentiality of census urban clusters. records. The extract files are ZIP Code Tabulation Area Urban. All territory, population, · referred to as public use micro- · (ZCTA). A statistical entity devel- and housing units located within data samples (PUMS). Public use oped by the Census Bureau to urbanized areas and urban clus- microdata areas (PUMAs), which approximate the delivery area for ters. must have a minimum census a U.S. Postal Service five-digit or population of 100,000 and can- · Urbanized Area (UA). Densely three-digit ZIP Code in the U.S. not cross a state line, receive a settled area that has a census and Puerto Rico. A ZCTA is an 5-percent sample of the long- population of at least 50,000. aggregation of census blocks form records; these records are The geographic core of block that have the same predominant presented in state files. These groups or blocks must have a ZIP Code associated with the PUMAs are aggregated into population density of at least mailing addresses in the Census super-PUMAs, which must have a 1,000 people per square mile, Bureau’s Master Address File. minimum census population of and adjacent block groups and Thus, the Postal Service’s delivery 400,000 and receive a 1-percent blocks with at least 500 people areas have been adjusted to sample in a national file. PUMAs per square mile. encompass whole census blocks and super-PUMAs are mutually so that the Census Bureau can exclusive, that is, they use differ- · Urban Cluster (UC). Consists of a geographic core of block tabulate census data for the ent records to create each sam- ZCTAs. ZCTAs do not include all ple. Data users can use these groups or blocks must have a population density of at least ZIP Codes used for mail delivery.
7 There are both legal and statistical American Indian, Alaska Native, and native Hawaiian entities for Figure 5. which the Census Bureau provides American FactFinder Geographies Listing data for Census 2000. The legal entities consist of federally recog- nized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust land areas, the tribal subdivisions that can divide these entities, state recog- nized American Indian reservations, Alaska Native Regional Corporations, and Hawaiian home lands. The statistical entities are Alaska Native village statistical Figure 6. areas, Oklahoma tribal statistical Map of Census Tract 5.02, Washington, DC areas, tribal designated statistical areas, and state designated American Indian statistical areas. Tribal subdivisions can exist within the statistical Oklahoma tribal sta- tistical areas.
For more information on these areas, as well as other census geography, see the Geographic Changes for Census 2000 + Glossary
8 The Census Bureau has created a · Congressional Apportionment · Language Use and Marital “Census 2000 Gateway” page to Status: 2000 Gender: 2000 pull together background informa- · · Occupations: 2000 tion, questionnaires, links to the · The Hispanic Population (also data sets, PDF files, tutorials, and issued in Spanish) · Poverty: 2000 other user aids. · Households and Families: 2000 · Residential Mobility: 2000 · Housing Characteristics: 2000 · School Enrollment: 2000 Figure 7. · The Native Hawaiian and Other · Structural and Occupancy Important Web Pages Pacific Islander Population: 2000 Characteristics: 2000 for Census 2000 · Overview of Race and Hispanic · Veterans: 2000 Origin The Census Bureau’s Web site also Census Bureau Home page Population Change and · contains links to other PHC-T www.census.gov Distribution: 1990-2000 (Census of Population and Housing) The Two or More Races tables. American FactFinder · Population: 2000 factfinder.census.gov 100-Percent Data Products · The United States in International Census 2000 Gateway Context: 2000 · Redistricting Data Summary File. www.census.gov/main/www/ Provides population counts for The White Population: 2000 cen2000.html · all persons and all person 18 years and over. It also has counts The additional briefs, listed below, of Hispanic/Latino persons by will be issued based on sample race (63 categories) and not Data Products data. Hispanic/Latino persons by race In addition to the large data sets, (63 categories) for both the total Ancestry: 2000 the Census Bureau also produced a · population and the population 18 series of briefs and special reports. · Disability Status: 2000 years and over. These provide background on the Released on: Internet, · Educational Attainment: 2000 topics, and also explain how the CD-ROM/DVD; data was analyzed, and differences English Ability: 2000 · Lowest level geography: Blocks between 1990 and 2000 Census · Employment Status: 2000 data. The titles listed below, plus Demographic Profile. Selected new Briefs, are listed on the page: · The Foreign-Born Population: · population and housing charac-
9 Released on: Internet (FTP only), Released on: Internet, paper questionnaire. Many tables are CD-ROM Lowest level geography: Places given for nine major race and Lowest level geography: Places Hispanic or Latino groups. Ancestry group population · Population and Housing Unit counts are included. · Summary File 1 (SF 1). Presents Counts (PHC-3). This report con- counts and basic cross-tabula- tains population and housing Released on: Internet, tions of information collected unit totals for Census 2000, as CD-ROM/DVD from all people and housing well as the 1990 and 1980 cen- Lowest level geography: units. SF 1 provides population suses. Information on area Block Groups/Census Tracts counts for 63 race categories and measurements, population densi- Hispanic or Latino, and popula- ty, and apportionment counts · Summary File 4 (SF 4). Similar to tion counts for many detailed will be included. This report will SF 3, this file contains tabula- race and Hispanic or Latino cate- be issued for each state, the tions of population and housing gories, and American Indian and District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, data from sample questions. Alaska Native tribes [Urban/rural and a national summary volume. Tables in this file will be given data are on the final national Released on: Internet, paper for the United States, and a file]. Lowest level geography: Places selected list of detailed race and Released on: Internet, Hispanic- or Latino-origin groups, CD-ROM/DVD, Sample Data Products: American Indian and Alaska Lowest level geography: Blocks Native tribes and various ances- · Demographic Profile. Demo- try groups. Each of the 336 pop- graphic, social, economic, and Summary File 2 (SF 2). ulation groups is subject to a · housing characteristics presented Similar to SF 1, this file contains population threshold. in three separate tables. 100-percent population and Released on: Internet, housing characteristics, but Released on: Internet, CD- CD-ROM/DVD ROM/DVD (w/Summary File 3), tables in this file are given for Lowest level geography: paper the United States, and a selected Census Tracts list of detailed race and Hispanic- Lowest level geography: or Latino-origin groups, as well Census Tracts · Public Use Microdata Samples as American Indian and Alaska (PUMS). Extracts of raw data Native tribes. Each of the 250 · Congressional District Demo- from a small (1-percent or 5-per- population groups is subject to a graphic Profile. Demographic, cent) sample of long-form census population threshold. social, economic, and housing records. Records are screened to [Urban/rural data are on the final characteristics presented in three protect confidentiality. national file] separate tables. One-percent files include data Released on: Internet, Released on: Internet, CD- for the nation and states, as CD-ROM/DVD ROM/DVD (w/Summary File 3), well as substate areas where Lowest level geography: paper appropriate. Five-percent sample Census Tracts Lowest level geography: have data for state and sub- Congressional Districts of the state areas. · Advanced Query Function (100- 106th Congress Released on: CD-ROM/DVD percent data). Allows user Lowest level geography: Super specified tabulations from full · Summary File 3 (SF 3). SF 3 Public Use Microdata Areas microdata file; Includes safe- contains tables with social, (Super-PUMAs) of 400,000+ for guards against disclosure of economic and housing character- 1-percent file; PUMAs of identifying information about istics compiled from a sample 100,000+ for 5-percent file. individuals and housing units. of approximately 19 million housing units (about 1-in-6 Released on: Internet Advanced Query Function households) that received · Lowest level geography: (Sample Data). Allows user spec- the Census 2000 long-form Block Groups ified tabulations from full micro- data file. Includes safeguards · Summary Population and against disclosure of identifying Housing Characteristics (PHC-1). information about individuals This report contains information and housing units. collected from all people and Released on: Internet housing units. This report will Lowest level geography: be issued for each state, the Census Tracts District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and a national summary volume.
10 · Summary Social, Economic, and · Geographic Comparison Tables the Census Bureau’s Customer Housing Characteristics (PHC-2). let you see how your state, city, Services Center at 301-763-INFO Reports for each state include county, or metropolitan area (4636). information from the sample stacks up in comparison to oth- population and housing subjects. ers using key variables. All geographic products are derived from the TIGER database. TIGER is Released on: Internet, paper Thematic Maps illustrates the · an acronym for the Topologically data in a map format. Lowest level geography: Places Integrated Geographic Encoding · Detailed Tables give you access and Referencing System. It is a geo- · Congressional District Data to all the tables released in each graphic database that automates Summary File. 100-percent and dataset. the mapping and related geograph- sample data for Congressional ic activities required to support the Downloading the Data. Every Districts of the 108th Congress U.S. Census Bureau's census and American FactFinder data page has Released on: Internet, survey programs. a download tab on one of the menu CD-ROM/DVD bars at the top of the screen so you TIGER/Line® Lowest level geography: Census can download comma or tab delim- Tracts within Congressional ited files into spreadsheet or data http://www.census.gov/geo/ Districts base software. In addition, ASCII www/tiger/ files for each state are available on UA Census 2000 TIGER/Line® Files Both SF 2 and SF 4 contain data for the Internet via File Transfer race, Hispanic- or Latino-origin Protocol (FTP) Census 2000 TIGER/Line® Files groups, American Indian and Alaska
11 · P.L. 94-171 Voting District/State Web page
The Census Bureau has a nation- ● Census Information Centers, or send e-mail to wide network to help users in located at 57 national, regional,
12 For more information, visit the Census 2000 Gateway at http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html