Imo Multilingual Glossary on the Polar Code and Ice

Terminology & Reference Section (TRS) Conference Division International Maritime Organization

IMO MULTILINGUAL GLOSSARY

ON THE

POLAR CODE AND ICE TERMINOLOGY

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[email protected] TABLE OF CONTENT

ICE GLOSSARY ...... 3 ANNEX 1 - CATEGORIES OF SHIPS OPERATING IN POLAR WATERS ...... 71 ANNEX 2 - IACS POLAR CLASS DESCRIPTIONS ...... 73 ANNEX 3 - FINNISH SWEDISH ICE-CLASS RULES ...... 77 ANNEX 4 - MAPS OF THE ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC REGIONS (WORD ATLAS AND NSIDC) ...... 81

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The following documents have been used in the compilation of terms and information:

Polar Code Latest version:  MSC 94/21/Add.1, annex 6 (Resolution MSC.385(94)) Guidelines for ships operating in polar water  2010 Edition Guidelines for ballast water exchange in the Antarctic Treaty area  MEPC 56/23, annex 4 Other instruments  The Antarctic Treaty  Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty  IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships  Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research  Annex VI to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty - Liability Arising From Environmental Emergencies (ENGLISH, FRENCH and SPANISH)

The following termbases and glossaries have been consulted (among others):

METEOTERM, WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE, UNTERM PORTAL

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2 ICE GLOSSARY

ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Text of Agreement in English 14807 اتفاق حفظ الدببة القطبية Agreement on Accord relatif à la Acuerdo sobre la Conservation of Polar conservation des conservación de los Bears ours blancs osos polares Соглашение о сохранении белых медведей Submerged ice found attached to underwater 14224 جليد المخطاف ؛ جليد القاع ؛ جليد َالغمر ؛ جليد anchor ice glace de fond hielo de fondo objects (such as the channel bed and aquatic الصق ؛ جليد راسخ ground ice vegetation). донный лед (International Glossary of Hydrology, WMO/UNESCO, 1992) The Secretariat of the Antarctic and Southern 27788 تحالف أنتاركتيكا والمحيط الجنوبي Antarctic and Southern Association Coalición del Océano Ocean Coalition Antarctique et océan Antártico y Austral Ocean Coalition (ASOC), which includes over Austral 南极和南大洋联合会 100 environmental organizations around the ASOC ASOC world, is based in Washington, DC. коалиция Антарктики и Южного океана Website: http://www.asil.org/ The Antarctic area means the sea area south of 30092 المنطقة القطبية الجنوبية Antarctic area zone de l’Antarctique zona del Antártico latitude 60º S 南极地区 MARPOL, Chapter I, Regulation 1.11.7 район Антарктики A type of water in the seas surrounding 30093 مياه قاع المنطقة القطبية الجنوبية Antarctic bottomwater eaux antarctiques de agua de fondo fond antártica Antarctica with temperatures ranging from 0 to 南极底层水 -0.8°C, salinities from 34.6 to 34.7 PSU, and a density near 27.88. This is the densest water in Антарктические придонные воды the free ocean.

METEOTERM

3 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN UNTERM 23466 الدائرة القطبية الجنوبية Antarctic Circle cercle (polaire) círculo polar antarctique antártico 南极圈

Южный полярный круг

A deep eastward flowing current that encircles 20799 التيار حول القطب الجنوبي Antarctic Circumpolar courant Corriente Current circumpolaire Circumpolar the continent of Antarctica. As such, the ACC is antarctique Antártica 南极绕极流 the world's only current that completely ACC encircles the globe. Referred to as the "West Антарктическое циркумполярное Wind Drift" in the early years of navigation. течения UNTERM

4 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The most important barrier for the Antarctic is 9117 الجبھة القطبية الجنوبية Antarctic Convergence convergence convergencia antarctique antártica the Antarctic Convergence (often termed the Polar Front"), the major oceanographic and" التقارب القطبي الجنوبي Antarctic Polar Front front polaire Frente Polar biogeographic boundary that separates the APF antarctique Antártico 南极锋；南极辐合带 Antarctic environment from that of the rest of the world. This has an average position at about полярный фронт 50-55°S. A second major oceanographic feature is the Antarctic Divergence, close to Antarctica at about 65°S. (Source: UNEP)

UNEP Report Antarctic Divergence divergence divergencia antártica антарктическая дивергенция 29596 A major oceanographic feature of Antarctica is antarctique the Antarctic Divergence, close to Antarctica at about 65°S. However, the most important barrier for the Antarctic is the Antarctic Convergence (often termed the "Polar Front"), the major oceanographic and biogeographic boundary that separates the Antarctic environment from that of the rest of the world, and which has an average position at about 50-55°S.

UNEP Webpage

5 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The Antarctic ozone hole is an area of the 29576 فجوة األوزون في القطب الجنوبي Antarctic ozone hole trou d'ozone agujero en la capa antarctique de ozono de la Antarctic stratosphere in which the recent (since about 1975) ozone levels have dropped to as الفجوة الجنوبية Southern hole Antártida trou d'ozone austral low as 33% of their pre-1975 values. The ozone agujero en la Антарктическая озоновая дыра hole occurs during the Antarctic spring, from ozonosfera de la September to early December, as strong Antártida westerly wind start to circulate around the continent and create an atmospheric container. In this container over 50% of the lower stratospheric ozone is destroyed.

(Source: NASA) Antarctic Polar Frontal zone du front polaire zona del frente polar MEPC 56/23, annex 4 Zone de l'Antarctique antártico The Antarctic Treaty was signed in Washington 321 معاھدة القارة القطبية الجنوبية Antarctic Treaty Traité sur Tratado Antártico l'Antarctique on 1 December 1959. The total number of 南极条约 Parties to the Treaty stands at 48.

Договор об Антарктике AT Webpage The provisions of the Antarctic Treaty apply to 29263 المنطقة التي تشملھا معاھدة القطب الجنوبي Antarctic Treaty Area zone du Traité sur Zona del Tratado l'Antarctique Antártico the area south of 60° South Latitude. (Antarctic район действия Договора об Treaty, Article VI, Geographical coverage). Антарктике

6 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The Antarctic Treaty System comprises the 27397 نظام معاھدة القطب الجنوبي Antarctic Treaty Système du Traité Sistema del Tratado System sur l'Antarctique Antártico Antarctic Treaty itself and the following related Система Договора об Антарктике agreements: ATS Régime du Traité sur - Protocol on Environmental Protection to the l'Antarctique Antarctic Treaty (Madrid, 1991) - Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS, London, 1972) - Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR, Canberra, 1980) Antarctic waters means those waters which are 29445 مياه قطبية جنوبية Antarctic waters eaux antarctiques aguas antárticas south of 60° S. 南极水域

антарктические воды BAS Webpage 29599 القارة القطبية الجنوبية Antarctica Antarctique (l') Antártida

Антарктика World Atlas Webpage

Антарктида Mass of air in the Arctic regions, very cold in the 30097 ھواء المنطقة القطبية الشمالية Arctic air air arctique aire ártico lower levels, which invades lower latitudes at арктический воздух irregular intervals.

METEOTERM 30273 منطقة القطب الشمالي Arctic area zone arctique zona del Ártico

арктический район

7 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN UNTERM 29597 الدائرة القطبية الشمالية ffArctic Circle cercle (polaire) círculo (polar) ártico arctique 北极圈

Северный полярный круг

8 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The Arctic Council is a high level 28448 مجلس المنطقة القطبية الشمالية Arctic Council Conseil de l'Arctique Consejo Ártico intergovernmental forum to provide a means for Арктический совет promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, with the involvement of the Arctic Indigenous communities and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues, in particular issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic. Its Members are: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden, United States, as well as "permanent participants": Inuit Cicumpolar Conference (ICC), Saami Council, Aleut International Association (AIA), Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC), Gwich'in Council International (GCI), Saami Council, Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON), as well as observers.

http://www.arctic-council.org/ Arctic Council's Groupe de travail du Grupo de trabajo 32600 UNTERM Emergency Conseil de l'Arctique sobre prevención, Prevention, sur la prévention, la preparación y Preparedness and préparation et respuesta en caso Response Working l'intervention dans de emergencia del Group des situations Consejo Ártico d'urgence EPPR WG

9 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Front which separates cold arctic air originating 1998 جبھة منطقة القطب الشمالى ؛ جبھة قطبية شمالية ؛ Arctic Front front polaire frente ártico at high northern latitudes from relatively warm الجبھة الشمالية القطبية polar air. арктический фронт METEOTERM METEOTERM 30098 ُر ْمدة المنطقة القطبية الشمالية Arctic grey-out grisaille arctique bruma ártica

арктическая мгла Haze in Arctic regions which reduces horizontal 15696 عجاج المنطقة القطبية الشمالية Arctic haze brume arctique calima ártica and oblique visibility and which may extend to a арктическая дымка height of about 10 km. It appears blue-grey when viewed away from the Sun, and reddish- brown toward it.

METEOTERM The Arctic Marine shipping Assessment is a 29503 تقرير عن تقييم األنشطة البحرية في المنطقة القطبية Arctic Marine Shipping rapport d'évaluation informe sobre la direct follow-up to the Arctic Marine Strategic الشمالية Assessment des activités evaluación del maritimes dans transporte marítimo Plan which was adopted by the Arctic Council AMSA l'Arctique en el Ártico Оценка морского судоходства в Ministers at the 4th Arctic Council meeting in Арктике November 2004. PAME was requested to: "conduct a comprehensive Arctic marine shipping assessment as outlined in the Arctic Marine Strategic Plan under the guidance of Canada, Finland, and the United States as lead countries and in collaboration with the EPPR (Emergency, Prevention, Preparedness and Response) working group and other working groups of the Arctic Council and Permanent Participants as relevant."

AMSA 2009 report

10 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The Arctic Ocean is the smallest, and 30778 المحيط ّالمتجمد الشمالي ؛ المحيط القطبي الشمالي Arctic Ocean océan Arctique océano Ártico shallowest of the world's five major oceans, with océan Glacial océano Glacial Ártico an area of about 14,056,000 km2. The coastline arctique is about 45,390 km long. It includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea Beauford Sea Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, White Sea and other tributary bodies of water. It is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Bering Strait and to the Atlantic Ocean through the Greenland Sea and Labrador Sea. Surrounded by the land masses of Europe, North America, Greenland, and by several islands, it is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year, and almost completely in the winter months. The ocean is virtually icelocked from October to June, and ships are subject to superstructure icing from October to May. Before the advent of modern icebreakers, ships sailing the Arctic Ocean risked being trapped or crushed by sea ice.

(World Atlas) Ozone hole: Significant local reduction in the 23473 فجوة األوزون في القطب الشمالي Arctic ozone hole trou d'ozone arctique agujero en la capa de ozono del Ártico total amount of ozone present. The ozone layer .may be only 1.2 mm thick in the region affected الفجوة الشمالية Northern hole trou d'ozone boréal agujero en la trou (dans la couche) ozonosfera del Ártico Арктическая озоновая дыра UNTERM d'ozone au-dessus de l'Arctique

11 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN .Pack ice of the central Arctic Ocean 14225 جليد مترابط ؛ مساحة واسعة من جليد عائم ؛ جليد Arctic pack pack arctique banca ártica قطبي شمالي مترابط Arctic ice pack glace de la calotte banca de hielo ártico METEOTERM polaire арктический паковый лед Arctic pack ice banquise arctique ice-pilotage services de servicio de 33854 STCW Code, Table A-V/4-2 pilotage dans les practicaje en hielo ice pilotage glaces practicaje en hielo pilotage dans les glaces

IHO Webpage 29437 الھيئة الھيدروغرافية اإلقليمية للقطب الشمالي Arctic Regional Commission Comisión Hydrographic hydrographique Hidrográfica Commission régionale de Regional Ártica 北极区域水道测量委员会 l'Arctique

ARHC CHRA Арктическая региональная CHRA гидрографическая комиссия A sea fog consisting of ice crystals formed 1999 ضباب المناطق القطبية الجنوبية Arctic sea smoke fumée de mer niebla humeante del arctique Ártico during the passage of air over water that is warmer than the air. It has been observed both الضباب القطبي Arctic smoke mar humeante del in the Arctic and Antarctic regions as well as in .some of the Norwegian fjords دخان البحر steam fog Ártico (Ref: De Kerchove Dictionary) полярный туман METEOTERM арктический туман

12 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Arctic waters means those waters which are 29444 مياه قطبية شمالية Arctic waters eaux arctiques aguas árticas located north of a line from the latitude 北极水域 58º00΄0 N and longitude 042º00΄0 W to latitude 64°37΄0 N, longitude 035°27΄0 W and thence by арктические воды a rhumb line to latitude 67º03΄9 N, longitude 026º33΄4 W and thence by a rhumb line to Sørkapp, Jan Mayen and by the southern shore of Jan Mayen to the Island of Bjørnøya, and thence by a great circle line from the Island of Bjørnøya to Cap Kanin Nos and hence by the northern shore of the Asian Continent eastward to the Bering Strait and thence from the Bering Strait westward to latitude 60º N as far as Il'pyrskiy and following the 60th North parallel eastward as far as and including Etolin Strait and thence by the northern shore of the North American continent as far south as latitude 60º N and thence eastward along parallel of latitude 60º N, to longitude 56º37΄1 W and thence to the latitude 58º00΄0 N, longitude 042º00΄0 W. Arctic, the l'Arctique el Ártico Арктика 29598 World Atlas Webpage

Attained EEDI" is the EEDI value actually" 29479 المؤشر التصميمي َّالمحقق لفعالية استھالك السفينة attained Energy indice nominal de índice de eficiencia achieved by an individual ship as verified in الطاقة Efficiency Design rendement energética de Index énergétique obtenu proyecto obtenido accordance with the relevant regulations. Фактический ККЭЭ attained EEDI EEDI obtenu EEDI obtenido фактический конструктивный коэффициент энергоэффективности

13 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN METEOTERM 30100 األضواء القطبية الجنوبية ؛ َش َفق القطب الجنوبي aurora australis aurore australe aurora austral

األنوار الجنوبية Southern lights lueurs australes resplandor del sur

южное сияние METEOTERM 30099 األضواء القطبية الشمالية ؛ َش َفق القطب الشمالي aurora borealis aurore boréale aurora boreal

األنوار الشمالية Northern lights lueurs boréales resplandor del norte

северное сияние Region situated about 10-15˚ from either 29588 نطاق َش َفقى auroral zone zone aurorale zona auroral geomagnetic pole, within which the aurora is зона полярного сияния most frequent and active.

METEOTERM SOLAS V/22, para. 4, .2 28206 خطة إدارة مياه الصابورة Ballast Water plan de gestion des plan de gestión del Management Plan eaux de ballast agua de lastre План управления балластными BWMP водами barchan barchane Barchán бархан 32811 A crescent-shaped snowdrift, with ends pointing down-wind, is known as a snow barchan. snow barchan barchane de neige Barchán de nieve WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE bare ice glace vive hielo desnudo бесснежный лед 14226 Ice without snow cover.

METEOTERM

14 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN bergy bit fragment d'iceberg fragmento de крупный несяк 14229 A large piece of floating glacier ice, generally tempanito showing less than 5 m above sea-level but more крупный обломок торосного или than 1 m and normally about 100-300 square ледникового льда metres in area.

METEOTERM bergy water eau bergée aguas con айсберговые воды 29612 An area of freely navigable water in which ice of tempanitos land origin is present in concentrations less than bergy water 1/10. There may be sea ice present, although the total concentration of all ice shall not exceed 1/10.

METEOTERM

DE 56/10, annex, para. 1.4.10 Situation of a vessel surrounded by ice and 30101 سفينة محاطة بالجليد ؛ سفينة محاصرة بالجليد beset coincé atrapado (adj.) unable to move. bloqué затертый льдом WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE All living organisms of an area; the flora and 2607 الكائنات الحية ؛ نباتات منطقة وحيواناتها biota biota biota fauna considered as a unit. organismes vivants 生物群 (IPCC Glossary) 生物区系

биота

15 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN A product of inefficient combustion, black 27513 الكربون األسود black carbon carbone noir carbono negro carbon (soot) consists of microscopic solid BC сажа particles of incompletely burned organic matter. Black carbon is a potent warmer, exerting технический углерод effects on the global climate both while suspended in the atmosphere and when deposited on snow and ice. Global warming potentials for black carbon range from 500 to 2240. Black carbon is dark color and correspondingly has low albedo, or reflectivity. Because of this, it absorbs heat from sunlight. When suspended in the air, black carbon warms by trapping heat in the top of the atmosphere. (MEPC 57/4/5/Add.1, annex 4, pg. 17) Thin ice on a fresh or salt water body which .1 30118 الجليد األسود black ice glace noire hielo oscuro appears dark in colour because of its нилас син. склянка transparency. 2. A mariner's term for a dreaded form of icing sometimes sufficiently heavy to capsize a small ship.

METEOTERM Blue ice is clean compact ice formed in glaciers 30755 الجليد األزرق blue ice glace bleue hielo azul by recrystallization of snow, often in bands голубой лед presumably along shear zones. Also, coarsely crystallized ice on the surface of some seas and lakes (Source: Merriam-Webster)

16 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN boundary condition condition limite condición límite пограничные условия 8215 A set of extreme values of conditions, e.g., conditions like temperature or wave height, for condición de which the functional requirements specified for contorno the design shall be satisfied.

DE 55/12/6, para. 1.2.6 Accumulations of floating ice made up of 14230 جليد عجيني brash ice brash escombro de hielo fragments not more than 2 m across; the sarrasins наледенение wreckage of other forms of ice.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE broken ice glace brisée hielo quebrado 30821

From the point of view of the submariner, a 29593 نتوء جليدي bummock éperon sous-glace fondo de hielo downward projection from the underside of the отвал льда ice canopy; the counterpart of a hummock.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE The breaking away of a mass of ice from an 30102 انفصال كتلة جليد عن جسم جليدي calving vêlage desprendimiento ice wall,ice front or iceberg. fragmentación отламывание глыбы льда от parcial айсберга WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

отламывание глыбы льда от ледника Category A ship means a ship designed for 32528 سفينة من الفئة ألف category A ship navire de la buque de categoría catégorie A A operation in polar waters in at least medium first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions.

Polar Code, Section 2, Definitions, para. 2.1

17 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN category A ship navire de la buques de la See Annex 1 of this Glossary. category B ship catégorie A categoría A category C ship navire de la buques de la catégorie B categoría B navire de la buques de la catégorie C categoría C Category B ship means a ship not included in 32529 سفينة من الفئة باء category B ship navire de la buque de categoría catégorie B B category A, designed for operation in polar waters in at least thin first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions.

Polar Code, Section 2, Definitions, para. 2.2 Category C ship means a ship designed to 32530 سفينة من الفئة جيم category C ship navire de la buque de categoría catégorie C C operate in open water or in ice conditions less severe than those included in categories A and B.

Polar Code, Section 2, Definitions, para. 2.3 World Atlas 30071 بحر Chukchi ؛ بحر Chukchi Sea mer des mar de Chukotka Chukotka Tchouktches Sea of Chukotka Чуко́ тское мо́ ре Such as temperature, wind speed and 31682 معايير قياس المناخ/ معايير قياس حالة المناخ climate metric paramètre climatique indicador meteorológico humidity. climatic metric close ice glace serrée hielo cerrado сжатый лед, сплоченный лед 30103 Floating ice in which the concentration is 7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE 31697 قرب الجليد/ في جوار الجليد/ على مسافة قريبة من close proximity to ice proximité immédiate proximidad al hielo الجليد des glaces

18 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN A 26/Res. 1024, para. 13.4.2.4.1 29486 صدمة حرارية cold shock choc thermique golpe de frío

холодовой шок A 26/Res. 1024, para. 14.1.3 29488 البقاء على قيد الحياة في الطقس البارد cold weather survival survie par temps supervivencia en froid aguas frías выживание в условиях холодной погоды This joint operation of Argentina and Chile dates 28490 الدورية البحرية المشتركة في القارة القطبية الجنوبية Combined Antarctic Patrouille navale Patrulla Antártica Naval Patrol mixte de Naval Combinada back to 1998. The purpose of the Patrol is to l’Antarctique Совместный антарктический carry out search and rescue, maritime rescue Joint Antarctic Naval PANC морской патруль and environmental conservation activities on Patrol PANC the Antarctic continent.

CANP /http://www.ccamlr.org 27810 لجنة صون الموارد البحرية الحية في القطب الجنوبي Commission for the Commission pour la Comisión para la Conservation of conservation de la Conservación de los Antarctic Marine Living faune et la flore Recursos Vivos Комиссия по сохранению морских Resources marines de Marinos Antárticos живых ресурсов Антарктики l'Antarctique CCAMLR CCRVMA АНТКОМ CCAMLR Floating ice in which the concentration is 10/10 30104 جليد سميك ّمتراص compact ice glace compacte hielo flotante compacto and no water is visible. сплошной лед, сжатый лед WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE compacting tassement convergencia сплочение льда 30105 Compacting occurs when pieces of floating ice are subjected to a converging motion, which increases ice concentration and/or produces stresses that may result in ice deformation.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

19 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Conning position means the stations in which 3610 موقع توجيه السفينة ؛ موقع إدارة الدفة conning position poste d'où le navire puesto de órdenes est commandé de maniobra the ship’s steering control and devices for пост управления судном ahead or astern operations are located. poste de contrôle A 26/Res.1024, G-3.8 c One of the Agreements that make up the 14804 اتفاقية حفظ فقمة القطب الجنوبي Convention for the Convention pour la Convención para la Conservation of protection des Conservación de las Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctic Seals phoques de Focas Antárticas 南极海豹保护公约 l'Antarctique Antarctic Treaty System Webpage CCAS Конвенция о сохранении тюленей Антарктики One of the Agreements that make up the 27545 اتفاقية صون الموارد البحرية الحية في القطب Convention on the Convention sur la Convención sobre la .Antarctic Treaty System الجنوبي Conservation of conservation de la Conservación de los Antarctic Marine Living faune et la flore Recursos Vivos Resources marines de Marinos Antárticos 南极海洋生物资源保护公约 Antarctic Treaty System Webpage l'Antarctique

CAMLR Convention Конвенция о сохранении морских

живых ресурсов Антарктики C-CAMLR crack fissure rajadura трещина 14232 Any fracture of fast ice, consolidated ice or a single floe which may have been followed by separation ranging from a few centimetres to 1 m.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE METEOTERM 18758 إزالة الجليد de-icing dégivrage descongelación deicing deshielo предотвращение обледенения A 26/Res.1024, para. 12.9.3

20 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN 29470 جھاز سبر العمق بالموجات الصوتية ؛ ِمسبار أعماق depth sounding device sondeur à écho dispositivo de بالصدى ؛ ِمكشاف أعماق ecosonda

Эхолот A directional control system includes any device 29469 نظام ّالتحكم االتجاھي directional control système de sistema de control de system commande la dirección or devices intended either as a primary or directionnelle система управления по курсу auxiliary means of steering the ship.

A 26/Res.1024 Sea ice from the surface of which melt-water 30058 جليد جاف dried ice glace sans mares hielo seco has disappeared after the formation of cracks обсохший лед and thaw holes. During the period of drying, the surface whitens.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Term used in a wide sense to include any area 14231 جليد منجرف ؛ جليد ٍطاف ؛ جليد ُمنساب ؛ جليد drift ice glace dérivante hielo a la deriva of sea ice other than fast ice no matter what مجروف ؛ جليد جـُرفي ؛ جليد ُمنساق pack ice banquise form it takes or how it is disposed. When concentrations are high, i.e. 7/10 or more, drift جليد ّمتجمع ؛ طوف جليدي ice may be replaced by the term pack ice. паковый лед METEOTERM дрейфующий лед drifting ice glace à la dérive hielo a la deriva 4903 A ship with an insufficient icebreaking capability may be stopped by ice, and if it is drifting ice she may run aground or driven onto sub-sea rocks.

21 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN In the context of polar navigation, the concept of 30631 الحذر الواجب/اليقظة الواجبة/الحيطة الالزمة due caution prudence voulue debida cautela due caution is based on having on board a sufficient number of personnel trained in ice navigation, and having access to adequate information on ice conditions.

DE 57/11, annex ,The basic data concerning concentrations 30905 الرسم البياني البيضاوي الشكل لتحليل الجليد egg code code de l'œuf código del huevo stages of development (age) and form (floe egg chart symbole graphique código oval size) of ice are contained in a simple oval form. ovoïde de la glace A maximum of three ice types is described gráfico de análisis within the oval. This oval and the coding del hielo associated with it, are referred to as the "Egg Code". To indicate ice observations interpreted from radar imagery, the oval shall be omitted. (Source: Environment Canada)

US National Ice Centre Webpage Environment Canada Webpage in English 29485 ترتيبات َالق ْطر في حاالت الطوارئ emergency towing dispositif de medio de remolque arrangement remorquage de emergencia d'urgence аварийные буксирные устройства ,Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Protocol 30106 حالة بيئية طارئة environmental situation critique pour emergencia emergency l’environnement ambiental Annex VI, Art. 2(b): чрезвычайная ситуация, которая может привести к негативным "Environmental emergency" means any экологическим последствиям accidental event that has occurred, having taken place after the entry into force of this Annex, and that results in, or imminently threatens to result in, any significant and harmful impact on the Antarctic environment.

22 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN 30947 مؤشر حساسية البيئة Environmental indice de sensibilité índice de sensibilidad Sensitivity Index de l'environnement ambiental

ESI ESI ESI UNTERM 23530 منطقة حساسة بيئياً environmentally zone écologiquement zona de medio sensitive vulnérable ambiente sensible area 环境敏感地区

экологически уязвимая зона escape route échappée vía de evacuación путь эвакуации 5188 A clearly marked way in the vessel which has to be followed in case of an emergency. Escort means any ship with superior ice 26342 سفينة مواكبة escort escorteur escolta capability in transit with another ship. судно проводки A 26/Res.1024, G-3.9 Escorted operation means any operation in 26250 تشغيل السفينة مع مواكبة escorted operation opération avec operación escoltada escorte which a ship’s movement is facilitated through операция проводки the intervention of an escort Note : Le terme correct est "exploitation avec A 26/Res.1024, G-3.10 escorte/navire d'escorte", et non "sous escorte".

23 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Sea ice which forms and remains fast along the 14234 جليد متاخم ؛ جليد ثابت ؛ جليد راسخ fast ice banquise côtière hielo fijo coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an береговой лед ice wall, to an ice front, between shoals or grounded icebergs. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sealevel. Fast ice may be formed in situ from sea water or by freezing of floating ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few metres or several hundred kilometres from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with the appropriate age category (old, second-year, or multi-year). If it is thicker than about 2 m above sea-level it is called an ice shelf.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE finger rafting chevauchement avec sobreescurrimiento de зубчатое наслоение льда 30123 Type of rafting whereby interlocking thrusts are imbrication dedos formed like fingers alternately over and under the other. This is commonly found in nilas and in grey ice (finger rafting in grey ice is common in Antarctica).

METEOTERM .See Annex 3 of this Glossary 29213 القواعد الفنلندية - السويدية للمالحة في الجليد Finnish-Swedish Ice- Règles finno- Reglas de clasificación Class rules suédoises de para la navegación en navigation dans les hielo de Finlandia- FSICR glaces Suecia

FSICR FSICR

24 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Old snow which has recrystallized into a dense 14235 ثلج ُحبيبي firn névé neviza material. Unlike ordinary snow, the particles are ,to some extent joined together; but, unlike ice ثلج دائم ّمعمر ؛ حقل ّالتجمد firn snow the air spaces in it still connect with each other. зернистый снег WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE фирновый снег ,Sea ice of not more than one winter's growth 29930 جليد السنة األولى first year ice glace de première hielo del primer año année developing from young ice; thickness 30 cm - 2 first-year ice однолетний лед m. May be subdivided into thin first-year ice/white ice, medium first year ice and thick first-year ice.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Any form of ice found floating in water. The 30059 جليد عائم ؛ جليد ٍطاف floating ice glaces flottantes hielo flotante principal kinds of floating ice are lake ice, river плавучий лед ice, and sea ice which form by the freezing of water at the surface, and glacier ice (ice of land origin) formed on land or in an ice shelf. The concept includes ice that is stranded or grounded.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE A massive piece of sea ice composed of a 30060 عائم جليدي floeberg floeberg tempanito marino hummock, or a group of hummocks frozen флоберг, несяк together, and separated from any ice surroundings. It may typically protrude up to 5 m above sealevel.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

25 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN A relatively small piece of sea ice, normally not 30061 جبل جليدي عائم floebit fragment de floe fragmento de bandejón more than 10 m across малый несяк composed of (a) hummock(s) or part of (a) ridge(s) frozen together and separated from any surroundings. It typically protrudes up to 2 m above sea-level.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Fine spicules or plates of ice, suspended in 29948 بلّورات الثلج frazil ice frasil cristales de hielo water. Note : Fines aiguilles ледяные иглы ou plaquettes de glace Nota: Agujas o placas WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE en suspension dans finas de hielo, l'eau (OMM) suspendidas en el agua (OMM) METEOTERM 15651 طر ّمتجمد freezing rain pluie se congelant lluvia engelante

pluie verglaçante замерзающий дождь From the point of view of the submariner, an ice 30110 جليد ٍمؤات friendly ice glace propice hielo amigable canopy containing many large skylights or other благоприятный лед features which permit a submarine to surface. There must be more than ten such features per 30 nautical miles (56 km) along the submarine's track.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

26 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Fog-like clouds due to contact of cold air with 14236 ضبابة الصقيع frost smoke dans les régions humo de mar polaires: relatively warm water, which can appear over brouillard de glace ледяной туман openings in the ice, or leeward of the ice edge, and which may persist while ice is forming. en mer: brume d'évaporation METEOTERM

brouillard d'évaporation 14433 لسعة الصقيع ؛ ّعضة الصقيع ؛ َش َرث frostbite gelure congelación

COMSAR 14/17, para. 3.17.3 28629 القدرة التشغيلية الكاملة Full Operational pleine capacité capacidad Capability opérationnelle operacional plena полная готовность к эксплуатации FOC A mass of snow and ice continuously moving 29594 نھر جليدي glacier glacier glaciar from higher to lower ground or, if afloat, глетчер continuously spreading. The principal forms of glacier are: inland ice sheets, ice shelves, ice ледник streams, ice caps, ice piedmonts, cirque glaciers and various types of mountain (valley) glaciers.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE .An irregularly shaped iceberg 14237 جبل جليدي glacier berg iceberg de glacier témpano de glaciar

glacier berg глетчерный пирамидальный WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE айсберг

27 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Any ice in, or originating from, a glacier, whether 14238 كتلة/كتل جليدية glacier ice glace de glacier hielo de glaciar on land or floating in the sea as icebergs. glacial ice лед ледника METEOTERM ,Projecting seaward extension of a glacier 14239 لسان نھر جليدي ؛ امتداد نھر جليدي glacier tongue langue de glacier lengua de glaciar usually afloat. In the Antarctic, glacier tongues ледниковый язык may extend over many tens of kilometres.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE METEOTERM 29247 النظام العالمي لرصد المناخ Global Climate Système mondial Sistema Mundial de Observing d'observation du Observación del System climat Clima 全球气候观测系统 Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/index.php

GCOS SMOC SMOC Глобальная система наблюдения за климатом A later stage of freezing than frazil ice when the 30078 جليد عجيني grease ice sorbet hielo grasoso crystals have coagulated to form a soupy layer ice fat bouillie de glace ледяное сало on the surface. Grease ice reflects little light, giving the sea a matt appearance. ice slush amas de frasil шуга из ледяных кристаллов WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Grey ice is ice in the transition stage between 30079 جليد رمادي grey ice glace grise hielo gris nilas and first year ice, 10-30 cm in thickness. серый лед May be subdivided into grey ice and grey-white ice.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

28 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Grey-white ice is young ice 10-15 cm thick. Less 30113 جليد ضارب إلى البياض ؛ جليد مائل إلى البياض grey-white ice glace blanchâtre hielo gris-blanco elastic than nilas and breaks on swell. Usually серо-белый лед rafts under pressure.

METEOTERM Hummocked grounded ice formation. There are 14240 تل جليدي جانح grounded hummock hummock échoué montículo varado single grounded hummocks and lines (or .chains) of grounded hummocks جليد ناتئ راسخ

торосистый лед WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE .Floating ice which is aground in shoal water 30080 جليد راسخ grounded ice glaces échouées hielo varado

лед на мели, севшие на мель WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE торосы .”See also “personal survival kit 26452 مجموعة لوازم النجاة الجماعية group survival kit équipement collectif equipo colectivo de de survie supervivencia group survival групповой комплект для выживания equipment ECS ГКВ GSK Piece of ice smaller than a bergy bit and floating 14241 قطع جليدية طافية على سطح الماء growler bourguignon gruñón less than 1 m above the sea surface, a growler generally appears white but sometimes ّتل جليد ٍطاف ؛ ُج َب ْيل جليدي growler growler transparent or blue-green in colour. Extending мелкий обломок айсберга less than 1 m above the sea surface and

normally occupying an area of about 20 m², growlers are difficult to distinguish when surrounded by sea ice or in high sea state.

WMO Sea-Ice Nomenclature

29 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN MEPC 56/23, annex 4 (Resolution 27185 الخطوط التوجيھية بشأن تبديل مياه الصابورة في Guidelines for ballast Lignes directrices Directrices para el ((MEPC.163(56 المنطقة التي تشملھا معاھدة القطب الجنوبي water exchange in the pour le cambio del agua de Antarctic Treaty area renouvellement des lastre en la zona del eaux de ballast dans Tratado Antártico Руководство по замене la zone du Traité sur балластных вод в районе действия l'Antarctique Договора об Антарктике A 26/Res.1024 26127 الخطوط التوجيھية بشأن السفن التي تعمل في المياه Guidelines for ships Directives pour les Directrices para los القطبية operating in polar navires exploités buques que operen waters dans les eaux en aguas polares polaires Руководство для судов, Polar Guidelines Directrices polares эксплуатирующихся в полярных Directives pour les водах régions polaires Nota: Si bien la resolución A 26/Res.1024 incluye el título "Directrices para los buques que naveguen en aguas polares", STS optó por el uso del verbo "operar" en lugar de "navegar" para ajustarse al inglés. Harmful substance means any substance 6051 مادة ضارة harmful substance substance nuisible sustancia perjudicial which, if introduced into the sea, is liable to вредное вещество create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities or to interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea, and includes any substance subject to control by MARPOL.

MARPOL, Art. 2.2

30 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN A 26/Res.1024, para. 15.2.1 30708 الجليد الثقيل heavy ice glace dense hielo espeso

High North Grand Nord Alto Norte Крайний Север 29515 hostile ice glace hostile hielo hostil неблагоприятный лед 30115 From the point of view of the submariner, an ice canopy containing no large skylights or other features which permit a submarine to surface.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE A hillock of broken ice which has been forced 14242 جليد ناتئ ؛ مرتفع جليدي ؛ نتؤ جليدي ؛ تل جليدي hummock hummock hummock upwards by pressure. May be fresh or ice hummock montículo de hielo отвал льда weathered. The submerged volume of broken ice under the hummock, forced downwards by pressure, is termed a bummock.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Sea ice piled haphazardly one piece over 14243 جليد ناتئ ؛ جليد ُم َح ّدب hummocked ice glace hummockée hielo amonticulado another to form an uneven surface. When chaos de glace cerro de hielo торосистый лед weathered, has the appearance of smooth hillocks.

METEOTERM 30716 ُّتشكل تالل جليدية hummocking formation de formación de cerros (of ice) hummocks de hielo торошение amonticulamiento

31 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN IHO Webpage 29418 الھيئة الھيدروغرافية للقارة القطبية الجنوبية Hydrographic Commission Comisión Commission on hydrographique sur Hidrográfica sobre la Antarctica l'Antarctique Antártida 南极水道测量委员会

HCA CHA CHA Гидрографическая комиссия по Антарктике Process by which a layer of ice builds up on a 6516 ُتراكم الجليد ؛ ُتراكم جليدي ؛ نمو الجليد ؛ تزايد ice accretion accumulation de acumulación de hielo solid surface, such as an aircraft, which is الجليد glace exposed to freezing precipitation or accrétion de glace Обледенение supercooled droplets.

METEOTERM 31936 مستشار في شؤون المالحة في المناطق الجليدية ice advisor conseiller en asesor especializado navigation dans les en hielos specialist ice advisor glaces 31746 أطلس/خارطة الجليد ice atlas atlas des glaces atlas de hielos

28319 الجزء من الھيكل (ھيكل السفينة) ّالمدعم للمالحة في ice belt zone de bordé cinturón de refuerzo الجليد renforcée antihielo ice plating belt zone de bordé cinturón de chapas renforcée pour de refuerzo antihielo navigation dans les glaces ice boundary ligne de démarcation frontera de hielo ледовая граница The demarcation at any given time between fast des glaces ice and drift ice or between areas of drift ice of different concentrations (see: ice edge).

METEOTERM

32 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ice breaking capability capacité à briser la capacidad A 26/Res.1024, para. 7.2.4 glace rompehielos Ice of different stages of development frozen 14247 فسيفساء جليدية ؛ شظايا جليدية ice breccia mosaïque de glace mosaico de hielo together. ice mosaic брекчия льда METEOTERM ice canopy voûte de glace techo de hielo ледяной потолок (дрейфующий лед 30081 Drift ice from the point of view of the submariner. с точки зрения подводника) WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Dome-shaped glacier usually covering a 20068 غطاء جليدي ؛ قلنسوة جليدية ؛ صفحة جليدية ؛ ice cap calotte glaciaire cubeta de hielo .highland area عمامة جليدية ice-cap calotte de glace casquete glacial ледниковая шапка METEOTERM icecap casquete de hielo ледниковый купол 30800 القدرة على المالحة/اإلبحار في المياه/المناطق ice capability capacité dans les capacidad para الجليدية glaces navegar entre hielos

Recommendations on ice safety 29535 شھادة المالحة في الجليد Ice Certifícate certificat de certificado de navigation dans les navegación en hielo Polar Code Ice glaces Свидетельство о годности судна Certificate для плавания во льдах 30713 قناة مفتوحة/ممر داخل الجليد ice channel chenal ouvert dans canal abierto en el les glaces hielo

33 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Ice class means the notation assigned to the 13829 فئة سفن الجليد ice class cote "glace" clase de navegación en hielo ship by the Administration or by an organization ice-class cote glace ледовый класс recognized by the Administration showing that the ship has been designed for navigation in sea-ice conditions. The requirements for attribution of an ice class relate to the structural strength of the hull, the power of the propelling machinery, etc

DE 55/12/4, annex, para. 1.2.6 ice class rules règles de navigation reglas de правила ледового класса 28320 IACS Polar Ship Rules (See Annex 2 of this dans les glaces clasificación para la Glossary) ice-class rules navegación en hielo MSC 83/28, para. 5.12 ice class ship navire ayant une buque con 33550 cote glace clasificación para la ice classed ship navegación en hielo ice classification classification pour la clasificación para la ледовая классификация 29214 MEPC 58/8, para. 6 navigation dans les navegación en hielo ice-classification glaces

ice cliff falaise de glace acantilado de hielo METEOTERM ice code code des glaces clave de los hielos 31747 METEOTERM

34 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The ration expressed in tenths describing the 30718 ُّتركز/كثافة الجليد ice concentration concentration de concentración de glace hielo amount of the sea surface covered by ice as a concentration of ice fraction of the whole area being considered. Total concentration includes all stages of development that are present, partial concentration may refer to the amount of a particular stage or of a particular form of ice and represents only a part of the total.

METEOTERM METEOTERM 24260 حالة/ مواصفات الجليد ice conditions état des glaces condiciones del hielo

conditions de glace ледовые условия .Ice on the surface of an open body of water, e.g 30082 طبقة من الجليد ؛ طبقة جليدية ice cover couche de glace capa de hielo a lake or river. ice-cover ледяной покров METEOTERM

DE 55/12/17 ice coverage couverture de glace cobertura del hielo 31749

31748 األضرار الناجمة عن الجليد ice damage avarie causée par les avería causada por glaces el hielo

brèche causée par la glace 31687 الكشف عن الجليد ice detection détection de givrage detección de hielo

35 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN The demarcation at any given time between the 14263 ّالحد الطرفي للجليد ice edge lisière des glaces borde de hielo open sea and sea ice of any kind, whether fast кромка льда or drifting. It may be termed compacted or diffuse (see: ice boundary).

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE .An ice field over 20 km across 14251 حقل جليدي ice field champ de glace campo de hielo icefield сплошной лед WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Any relatively flat piece of sea ice 20m or more 14252 طوف جليدي ؛ لوح جليدي عائم ؛ طافية جليدية ؛ ice floe floe bandejón .across قطعة جليد منفصلة floe плавучая льдина WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice-floe Statement of expected ice conditions for a 31750 توقع حاالت الجليد/ توقعات بشأن حاالت الجليد ice forecast prévision de l'état previsión del estado des glaces del hielo specified period and for a specified locality. ледовый прогноз син. прогноз ледовых условий, прогноз ледовой обстановки The vertical cliff forming the seaward face of an 30083 ُج ْرف جليدي ice front falaise de glace frente de hielo ice shelf or other floating glacier varying in ice-front front glaciaire ледниковый барьер (обращённый к height from 2-50 m or more above sea-level морю вертикальный обрыв (see “ice wall”). front de glacier шельфового ледника) WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ледяной барьер ice imagery imagerie sur les imágenes de los 29942 DMS (Digital Mapping System) sea ice imagery glaces hielos is used to detect areas of open water so that scientists can calculate the thickness of the surrounding sea ice.

36 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ice impact impact avec les choque contra el A 26/Res.1024, para. G-2.3 glaces hielo

colisión con hielo 30764 قطعة جليد صلبة ice inclusion inclusion de glace trozo de hielo

A large piece of floating ice protruding about 5 14254 جزيرة جليدية ؛ جزيرة جليد ice island île de glace iceberg de enorme tamaño m above sea-level, which has broken away from ледяной остров an Arctic ice shelf, having a thickness of 30-50 m and an area of from a few thousand sq.m to 500 km² or more, and usually characterized by a regularly undulating surface which gives it a ribbed appearance from the air.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE A narrow connection between two ice areas of 32573 برزخ جليدي ice isthmus isthme de glace istmo de hielo very close or compact ice. It may be difficult to pass, whilst sometimes being part of a recommended route.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

37 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN From the point of view of the submariner, a 30116 َح ْيد جليدي ؛ َح ْرف جليدي ice keel crête de pression quilla de hielo sous glace downward-projecting ridge on the underside of ледяной киль the ice canopy; the counterpart of an ice ridge. quille de glace Ice keels may extend as much as 50 m below (Source : UNTERM) sea-level. Also, submerged volume of broken ice under a ridge, forced downwards by pressure.

UNTERM & WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice load contrainte due aux esfuerzo debido al ледовая нагрузка 29939 glaces hielo

charge de glace

force d’impact avec la glace A 26/Res.1024, G-3.13 30795 إدارة الجليد ice management gestion des glaces control de hielos

A 26/Res.1024, section G-3.13 30795 إدارة الجليد ice management gestion des glaces control de hielos

A variable accumulation of close or very close 30124 كتلة جليد ؛ كتلة جليدية ice massif mer de glace macizo de hielo ice covering hundreds of square kilometres ice cluster ледяной массив (скопление which is found in the same region every морских льдов сплочённостью summer. более 7 баллов, занимающее сотни кв. км. и сохраняющееся летом METEOTERM длительное время в одном районе)

скопление льда

38 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ice navigation navigation dans les navegación entre ледовое плавание, плавание судов 30272 DE 50/27, para. 15.2 glaces hielos во льдах Ice Navigator means any individual who, in 25145 المالّح عبر الجليد Ice Navigator navigateur dans les piloto de hielos glaces addition to being qualified under the STCW Ледовый штурман Convention, is specially trained and otherwise qualified to direct the movement of a ship in ice-covered waters.

See also Polar Navigator

A 26/Res.1024, G-3.12 Ice Passport passeport pour les pasaporte para el “A ship intended for service in ice-covered glaces hielo waters must have the appropriate certificates and documents to sail in the anticipated ice conditions.” Ice Passport – Russian Federation Proposal

MEPC 61/8/1, annex, para. 8.9.2 .An area of floating ice less than 10 km across 14267 ُط َفاوة جليد ice patch banc de glace banca de hielo

manchón de hielo пятно льда WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Precipitation of transparent particles of ice 15671 َخ َشف ice pellets granules de glace hielo granulado which are spherical or irregular, rarely conical, .and which have a diameter of 5 mm or less كريات جليدية grésil

ледяной дождь METEOTERM

ледяная крупа

39 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ice performance performance dans comportamiento en DE 53/26, para. 18.8.8 les glaces el hielo

comportement des navires dans des conditions de glace 30775 قبطان متمرس في المالحة في /المياه المناطق ice pilot pilote des glaces práctico de hielos الجليدية An embayment in an ice front, often of a 30119 ميناء جليدي ice port port de glace puerto de hielo temporary nature, where ships can moor шельфовая гавань alongside and unload directly onto the ice shelf.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE METEOTERM 30722 ضغط/دفع الجليد ice pressure poussée de la glace empuje del hielo

presión del hielo ice propulsion propulsion dans les propulsión entre 32804 glaces hielos ice puddle mare d'eau de fonte charco de hielo талая вода на льду 14287 An accumulation on ice of melt-water, mainly due to melting snow, but in the more advanced snow water on the ice stages also to the melting of ice. Initial stage consists of patches of melted snow.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice recognition identification des reconocimiento de 32805 glaces hielos

40 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN An ice regime is any area composed of a 30057 شبكة الجليد ice regime régime des glaces régimen de hielos relatively even distribution of any mix of ice ледовый режим types, including open water. It is defined at the time the vessel enters that specific geographic region, or in advance for planning and design purposes.

METEOTERM A line or wall of broken ice forced up by 30125 َح ْيد جليدي ice ridge ondin glaciel cordón de hielo pressure. May be fresh or weathered. The ridge crête cresta de hielo гряда торосов submerged volume of broken ice under a ridge, forced downwards by pressure, is termed an ice ледяная гряда keel.

METEOTERM

MEPC 61/8/1, annex, para. 8.5.1.3 A brittle shiny crust of ice formed on a quiet 14256 قشرة جليدية رقيقة ice rind croûte de glace costra de hielo surface by direct freezing or from grease ice, ice-rind ледяная корка usually in water of low salinity. Thickness to about 5 cm. Easily broken by wind or swell, commonly breaking in rectangular pieces.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE All ships should be provided with equipment 29472 أجھزة المالحة في الجليد ice routeing equipment matériel pour la equipo para la navigation dans les navegación en hielo capable of receiving ice and weather glaces 冰区定线设备 information charts, and those operating in polar waters should be fitted with equipment capable

of receiving and displaying ice imagery. оборудование для установления

путей движения во льду A 26/Res. 1024, para. 12.11

41 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN A mass of land ice that is sufficiently deep to cover 30120 الصفيحة الجليدية ice sheet nappe de glace capa de hielo (ou inlandsis) most of the underlying bedrock topography, so manto de hielo 冰盖 that its shape is mainly determined by its dynamics (the flow of the ice as it deforms internally and/or ледовый щит slides at its base). An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau with a small average сплошной ледяной покров surface slope. The margins usually slope more steeply, and most ice is discharged through fast- flowing ice streams or outlet glaciers, in some cases into the sea or into ice shelves floating on the sea. There are only three large ice sheets in the modern world, one on Greenland and two on Antarctica, the East and West Antarctic Ice Sheets, divided by the Transantarctic Mountains. During glacial periods there were others.

METEOTERM Part of an inland ice sheet in which the ice flows 14289 مجرى جليدي ice stream coulée de glace corriente de hielo more rapidly and not necessarily in the same ледяной поток direction as the surrounding ice. The margins are sometimes clearly marked by a change in direction of the surface slope but may be indistinct.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice strength résistance de la resistencia al hielo 32806 glace

solidité de la glace ice-strengthened ship navire renforcé pour buque reforzado 28350 Resolution MSC.385(94) – Polar Code, la navigation dans para el hielo Chapter 1, para. 2.3.4.2 ice strengthened ship les glaces

42 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN STCW Code, Section B-V/g.3 28349 التدعيم للمالحة في الجليد ice strengthening renforcement pour la reforzamiento para el navigation dans les hielo ice-strengthening glaces ледовое подкрепление

(NB - See Annex 1 of this Glossary) 28349 التدعيم للمالحة في الجليد ice strengthening renforcement pour la reforzamiento para la navigation dans les navegación en hielo ice-strengthening glaces ледовое подкрепление ice thickness épaisseur des glaces espesor del hielo 32807

30874 عبور المناطق الجليدية/المالحة في المناطق ice transiting passage dans les tránsito entre hielos الجليدية/المرور بالمناطق الجليدية glaces ice under pressure glace soumise à hielo bajo presión сжатый торосистый лед 14273 Ice in which deformation processes are actively pression occurring and hence a potential impediment or danger to shipping.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice wall mur de glace pared de hielo 32808 An ice cliff forming the seaward margin of a glacier which is not afloat. An ice wall is ice-wall aground, the rock basement being at or below sea-level (see ice front).

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

43 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ,A massive piece of ice of greatly varying shape 14245 جبل جليدي ؛ جبل الجليد ؛ ُركام جليدي ؛ طافية iceberg iceberg iceberg ,protruding more than 5 m above sea-level جليدية which has broken away from a glacier, and айсберг which may be afloat or aground. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, weathered or glacier bergs.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice-bound bloqué par les glaces cercado por el hielo блокирован льдом 32809 A harbour, inlet, etc. is said to be ice-bound when navigation by ships is prevented on account of ice, except possibly with the assistance of an icebreaker.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Icebreaker means any ship whose operational 29141 سفينة كاسحة للجليد ؛ كاسحة جليد ؛ ِّمحطمة جليد ؛ icebreaker brise-glace rompehielos profile may include escort or ice management ّكسارة جليد ؛ كاسرة الجليد ice-breaker functions, and whose powering and dimensions ледокол allow it to undertake aggressive operations in ice-covered waters.

A 26/Res.1024, G-3.13 A 26/Res.1024, para. 1.1.7 30711 كاسحات الجليد المرافقة icebreaker escort escorte par un escolta de brise-glace rompehielos DE 54/13/10, para. 5.9 icebreaker escorting assistance d'un brise-glace 30873 عمليات كسر الجليد ice-breaking opérations rompimiento de brise-glace hielos icebreaking

44 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ice-breaking hull coque renforcée casco rompehielos 30714 contre la glace 29489 عملية كسح الجليد ice-breaking operation opération brise-glace operación rompehielos ice breaking operation ледокольные операции Any relatively flat piece of sea ice less than 20 14283 قطعة جليد ؛ كتلة جليد ice-cake glaçon torta de hielo m across. ice cake льдина WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE мелкобитый лед UNCLOS, Article 234 6519 منطقة ّمغطاة بالجليد ice-covered area zone couverte de zona cubierta de glace hielo ice covered area покрытые льдом районы Ice-covered waters means polar waters where 28740 مياه مكسوة بالجليد ؛ مياه ّمغطاة بالجليد ice-covered waters eaux couvertes de aguas cubiertas de glace hielo local ice conditions present a structural risk to a ice covered waters покрытые льдом воды ship.

A 26/Res.1024, G-3.5

,A narrow fringe of ice attached to the coast 14253 مـَحسر جليدي ؛ جليد ساحلي ؛ طرف الجليد الساحلي icefoot banquette côtière pie de hielo unmoved by tides and remaining after the fast ؛ رصيف جليدي ؛ شريط جليدي ساحلي ؛ َم ْح َسر .ice has moved away جليدي شاطئي ice foot

ледяное подножие WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ice-free waters eaux libres de glace aguas libres de hielo чистая вода 29763 DE 55/12, para. 12 ice free waters aguas sin hielo

45 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ice-going capability capacité à naviguer capacidad de 30741 dans les glaces navegación en hielo del buque 30706 شروط المالحة في المناطق الجليدية ice-going conditions conditions pour condiciones para la naviguer dans les navegación en hielo glaces 30695 سفن عاملة في المياه الجليدية ice-going ship navire conçu pour buque para naviguer dans les navegación en hielo glaces 27887 مياه ّمغطاه بالجليد ice-infested waters eaux recouvertes de aguas cubiertas de glaces hielo воды с дрейфующим льдом ice-prone waters eaux qui ont aguas en las que DE 55/12/17, para. 5 tendance à congeler puede haber hielo

A floating ice sheet of considerable thickness 6524 جرف جليدي ice-shelf plateau de glace plataforma de hielo showing 2-50 m or more above sea-level, attached to the coast. Usually of great َت ْلعة جليدية ice shelf plate-forme glaciaire meseta de hielo horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow رف جليدي talus de glace barrera de hielo accumulation and often also by the seaward шельфовый ледник extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. The seaward edge is termed an ice front.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

46 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN MSC 79/23/Add.1 annex 1, annex 2, para. 1.1 28350 سفينة ذات بدن ّمقوى للمالحة في الجليد ice-strengthened navire renforcé pour buque reforzado vessel la navigation dans para el hielo les glaces судно с ледовыми усилениями ice strengthened vessel navire à coque renforcée pour la ice-strengthened ship glace ice strengthened ship Any deposit or coating of ice on an object 6527 ّتكون الجليد ؛ تجلّد ؛ ّتجمد icing givrage formación de hielo caused by the impact of liquid hydrometeors, engelamiento обледенение usually supercooled.

METEOTERM IHO Webpage 29248 الھيئات الھيدروغرافية اإلقليمية IHO Regional Commissions Comisiones Hydrographic hydrographiques hidrográficas الھيئات الھيدروغرافية اإلقليمية التابعة للمنظمة Commissions régionales de l’OHI regionales de la OHI الھيدروغرافية الدولية Regional Hydrographic Commissions Comisiones Commissions hydrographiques hidrográficas Региональные гидрографические régionales regionales комиссии МГО RHS CHR CHR inhospitable conditions conditions condiciones hostiles DE 51/11, para. 8 inhospitalières COMSAR 14/17, para. 3.17.3 28628 القدرة التشغيلية األولية Initial Operational capacité capacidad Capability opérationnelle initiale operacional inicial начальная готовность к IOC эксплуатации

47 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN intact stability in ice stabilité à l'état intact estabilidad sin avería DE 56/10, annex, Chapter 3, para. 3.4 dans les glaces en zonas de hielos

/http://www.ipcc.ch 26794 الھيئة المشتركة بين الحكومات المعنية ّبتغير المناخ -Intergovernmental Groupe d'experts Grupo Interguberna Panel on Climate intergouverne-mental mental de Expertos Change sur l'évolution du sobre el Cambio 政府间气候变化专门委员会 climat Climático IPCC IPCC GIEC IPCC Межправительственная группа экспертов по изменению климата

МГИК The Polar Code and related SOLAS amendments 24304 المدونة الدولية للسفن العاملة في المياه القطبية International Code for Recueil international Código internacional Ships Operating in de règles applicables para los buques que were adopted by MSC 94 in November 2014. The ,Polar Code covers the full range of design مدونة المالحة في المياه القطبية Polar Waters aux navires exploités operen en aguas dans les eaux polares construction, equipment, operational, training, Polar Code polaires 国际两极水域船舶运作安全规则 search and rescue and environmental protection Código polar matters relevant to ships operating in waters surrounding the two poles. Tthe newly adopted Recueil sur la Международный кодекс для судов, SOLAS Chapter XIV "Safety measures for ships navigation polaire эксплуатирующихся в полярных operating in polar waters" includes additional водах requirements, making the Polar Code mandatory

Полярный кодекс (Preamble, Introduction and Part I-A (Safety measures)).

MSC 94/WP.7, annex 2; MSC 93/22/Add.3, annex 24; see also "A 26/Res. 1024 - Resolution on Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters"

48 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN IWC Webpage 254 التفاقية الدولية لتنظيم صيد الحيتان International Convention Convenio Convention for the internationale pour la internacional para la ا Regulation of Whaling réglementation de la regulación de la Международная конвенция по chasse à la baleine pesca de la ballena регулированию китобойного промысла The International Polar Year was a large 15359 السنة القطبية الدولية International Polar Année polaire Año Polar Year internationale Internacional scientific programme focused on the Arctic and Международный полярный год the Antarctic from March 2007 to March 2009. It IPY was organized through the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization.

Website: http://ipy.arcticportal.org/ International voyage means a voyage from a 30062 رحلة دولية international voyage voyage international viaje internacional country to which the SOLAS Convention applies международный рейс to a port outside such country, or conversely.

SOLAS I/2(d) jammed brash barrier barrière due à une barrera de hielo кромка нагроможденной ледяной 33677 A strip or narrow belt of new, young or brash ice embâcle de sarrasins apiñado de каши (usually 100-5,000 m wide) formed at the edge escombro of either drift or fast ice or at the shore. It is heavily compacted mostly due to wind action and may extend 2-20 m below the surface but does not normally have appreciable topography. Jammed brash barrier may disperse with changing winds but can also consolidate to form a strip of unusually thick ice in comparison with the surrounding drift ice.

49 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN landfast ice banquise côtière hielo fijo en tierra 32485 Landfast ice (also called shore-fast ice) is a type of sea ice that primarily forms off the coasts in land-fast ice shallow water. In Antarctica, fast ice may also extend between grounded ice burgers. Unlike pack ice in deep water, landfast ice attaches itself to the coastlines or shallow sea floor on the continental shelves. As a result, landfast ice does not drift with currents and wind. (Source: Washington Polar Science Center) .An ice field over 20 km across 14257 حقل جليدي كبير large ice-field grand champ de campo de hielo glace grande large field of ice большое скопление дрейфующего METEOTERM льда LC/SG 30/14, para. 12.23 29502 نظام إيكولوجي بحري كبير Large Marine grand écosystème gran ecosistema Ecosystem marin marino крупная морская экосистема LME .Navigable passage through floating ice 14258 مجرى ؛ ممر مائي ؛ ممر مالحي ؛ مدخل الميناء lead chenal libre canal libre lane проход (в дрейфующем льду) Sea ice which has not been affected by 14259 جليد لم ّيتبدل شكله level ice glace plane hielo plano deformation. ровный лед WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE 30720 مستوى طفو السفينة األدنى في المناطق الجليدية lower ice waterline flottaison la moins flotación inferior en élevée dans les hielo LIWL glaces

50 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Maritime safety information" refers to" 4007 المعلومات عن السالمة البحرية maritime safety renseignements sur información sobre information la sécurité maritime seguridad marítima navigational and meteorological warnings, информация по безопасности на meteorological forecasts and other urgent MSI RSM ISM море safety related messages broadcast to ships.

SOLAS IV/2.1.8 32296 متوسط درجات الحرارة القصوى اليومية Mean Daily High moyenne des media de las Temperature températures temperaturas altas maximales diarias MDHT quotidiennes MDHT MDHT 32295 متوسط درجات الحرارة الدنيا اليومية Mean Daily Low moyenne des media de las Temperature températures temperaturas bajas minimales diarias MDLT quotidiennes MDLT MDLT .First-year ice is 70-120 cm thick 31683 متوسط كثافة الجليد للسنة األولى medium first year ice glace moyenne de hielo medio del première année primer año medium first-year ice однолетний лед средней толщины

.An ice- field 15-20 km across 14260 حقل جليدي متوسط medium ice-field champ de glace campo de hielo moyen mediano medium field of ice среднее ледяное поле WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE campo de hielo medio

51 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN METAREA zone METAREA zona METAREA METAREA 27538 METAREA is the acronym for METeorological AREA. It means a geographical sea area established for the purpose of co-ordinating the broadcast of marine meteorological information. The term METAREA followed by a roman numeral may be used to identify a particular sea area. The delimitation of such areas is not related to and should not prejudice the delimitation of any boundaries between States.

WMO List of METAREAS (A 26/Res.1024, para. 11.5.4 (Polar Guidelines 29957 درجات الحرارة الدنيا َّالمتوقعة للتشغيل minimum anticipated température de temperatura mínima operating temperature fonctionnement de funcionamiento minimale prévue prevista минимальная ожидаемая эксплуатационная температура multi-year ice glace de plusieurs hielo de varios años многолетний лед 29932 Old ice up to 3m or more thick which has années survived at least two summers' melt. Hummocks are even smoother than in second- year ice, and the ice is almost salt-free. Colour, where bare, is usually blue. Melt pattern consists of large interconnecting irregular puddles and a well-developed drainage system.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Place on deck, in mess rooms, etc., assigned to 8367 مركز ّتجمع muster station poste de puesto de reunión rassemblement crew and passengers where they have to meet assembly station место сбора according to the muster list when the corresponding alarm is released or announcement made.

52 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN NAVAREA means a geographical sea area 17576 منطقة NAVAREA zone NAVAREA zona NAVAREA NAVAREA established for the purpose of co-ordinating the NAVAREA broadcast of navigational warnings. The term NAVAREA followed by a roman numeral may be used to identify a particular sea area. The delimitation of such areas is not related to and should not prejudice the delimitation of any boundaries between States.

COMSAR 12/3/2, annex 1, under “Definitions” A 26/Res.1024, para. 13.3.2 7003 مالحة في الجليد navigation in ice navigation dans les navegación entre glaces hielos плавание во льдах A general term for recently formed ice which 14262 جليد جديد new ice glace nouvelle hielo nuevo includes frazil ice, grease ice, slush and shuga. начальные виды льдов These types of ice are composed of ice crystals which are only weakly frozen together (if at all) and have a definite form only while they are afloat.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE nilas nilas nilas нилас 30117 A thin elastic crust of ice, easily bending on waves and swell and under pressure, thrusting in a pattern of interlocking 'fingers' (finger rafting). It has a matt surface and is up to 10 cm in thickness, and may be subdivided into dark nilas and light nilas.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

53 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN nip, to presser comprimir Ice is said to nip when it forcibly presses against a ship. A vessel so caught, though undamaged, is said to have been nipped.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Sea ice which has survived at least one 30091 جليد قديم old ice vieille glace hielo viejo summer's melt; typical thickness up to 3m or старый лед more. Most topographic features are smoother than on first-year ice. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE 32531 كميات جليدية قديمة old ice inclusion inclusion de vieille trozo de hielo viejo glace open water eau libre aguas abiertas водная поверхность без ледяного 7769 A large area of freely navigable water in which покрова; открытая вода; отдельные sea ice is present in concentrations less than aguas libres льдины 1/10. No ice of land origin is present. operational limitation limitation en matière limitación 作业限制 32032 Polar Code, Regulation 2.4 d'exploitation operacional

limitation imposée à l'exploitation

54 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Predominantly circular pieces of ice from 30 cm 14266 جليدد فطيري ؛ جليد قُ ْرصي pancake ice crêpe de glace hielo panqueque - 3 m in diameter, and up to about 10 cm in блинчатый лед thickness, with raised rims due to the pieces striking against one another. It may be formed on a slight swell from grease ice, shuga or slush or as a result of the breaking of ice rind, nilas or, under severe conditions of swell or waves, of grey ice. It also sometimes forms at some depth at an interface between water bodies of different physical characteristics, from where it floats to the surface; its appearance may rapidly cover wide areas of water.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE 30866 تيار حول أنتاركتيكا peri-Antarctic current courant corriente périantarctique periantártica ”See also “group survival kit 26453 مجموعة لوازم النجاة الشخصية/ الفردية personal survival kit équipement equipo individual de individuel de survie supervivencia personal survival индивидуальный комплект для equipment EIS выживания

PSK ИКВ piedmont glacier glacier de piémont ventisquero de tipo 32810 METEOTERM alasqueño

55 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Aurora is display of flowing light of various 16905 َالش َفق القطبي ؛ األضواء القطبية polar aurora aurore polaire aurora polar colours in the terrestrial atmosphere at heights северное сияние, полярное сияние of some 100 km, in the shape of curtains, arcs or shells. The aurorae on Earth usually occur within some 20 degrees of the magnetic poles, and appear simultaneously in both northern and southern hemispheres.

METEOTERM METEOTERM 9114 َلقلَ ْن َسوة القطبية ؛ الغطاء الجليدى القطبى ؛ َالق َل ْن َسوة polar cap calotte polaire casquete polar الجليدية القطبية ا 极地冷空气堆; 极顶风; 极帽; 极冠; 极盖

полярная шапка Polar Class means the class assigned to a ship 26251 الفئة القطبية polar class classe polaire clase polar based upon IACS Unified Requirements (NB - See Annex 2 of this 两极船级 (following WMO Sea Ice Nomenclature). Glossary) полярный класс Polar class ship means a ship for which a Polar 26252 سفينة من الفئة القطبية ؛ السفينة المصممة للمالحة في polar class ship navire de classe buque de clase polar .Class has been assigned المياه القطبية polaire polar classed ship 两极级船舶 A 26/Res. 1024, G-3.20

судно полярного класса

56 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Diffuse belt of low-level easterly winds located 15505 الشرقيات القطبية polar easterlies vents d'est polaires vientos polares del Este on the poleward side of the subpolar low- полярные восточные ветры pressure belt.

METEOTERM ,Polar ice is the thickest form of sea ice 14269 جليد قطبي polar ice glace polaire hielo polar sometimes more than ten feet deep. полярный лёд METEOTERM A 26/Res.1024, section G.2.1 29920 المياه القطبية المغطاة بالجليد polar ice covered eaux polaires aguas polares waters couvertes de glace cubiertas de hielo полярные покрытые льдом воды polar ice-covered waters This term may be introduced in the mandatory 30880 مالح/بحار/قبطان في المناطق القطبية Polar Navigator navigateur polaire piloto polar Polar Code to ensure that personnel with the required training, knowledge and experience are on board when a ship operates in polar waters.

See also Ice Navigator POLARIS is a system for determining limitations 32519 نظام تبيان المخاطر لتقييم حدود المالحة في المياه Polar Operational Limit Système d'indexation Sistema de for operation in ice, and it is proposed as an القطبية "Assessment Risk du risque pour indexación del riesgo "POLARIS Indexing System l'évaluation des para la evaluación de update to the existing draft text in part I-B of the limites d'exploitation los límites 极地作业限度评估风险指数系统 Polar Code (see reference document). It POLARIS dans les eaux operaciones polares provides a standard approach for the evaluation polaires of risks to the ship and the ice conditions POLARIS encountered/expected. POLARIS

57 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN 31916 درجة حرارة الخدمة في المناطق القطبية Polar Service température de temperatura de Temperature service dans les servicio polar régions polaires PST Polar ship means a ship suitable for operation 29537 سفينة من الفئة القطبية polar ship navire polaire buque polar in polar waters as indicated in its Polar Ship Certificate.

DE 56/10, annex, para. 1.4.15 Polar Ship Certificate means a certificate issued 29536 شھادة سفينة من الفئة القطبية Polar Ship Certificate Certificat pour navire Certificado para polaire buque polar by the Administration or by an organization Polar Certificate Свидетельство о годности судна recognized by the Administration indicating the для плавания в полярных водах environmental conditions and operational capability for which the ship has been designed for operation in polar waters. DE 54/23, para. 13.3 30687 المالحة/اإلبحار في المياه القطبية polar shipping navigation dans les transporte marítimo eaux polaires en las regiones polares Polar waters include both Arctic and Antarctic 29446 مياه قطبية polar waters eaux polaires aguas polares waters. 两极水域

полярные воды DE 56/10/3 30070 دليل تشغيل السفن في المياه القطيبة Polar Waters Manuel d'exploitation Manual de Operational Manual dans les eaux operaciones en polaires aguas polares Руководство по эксплуатации в PWOM полярных водах PWOM

58 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN pollutant polluant contaminante загрязнитель 568 Pollutant means any substance regulated by MARPOL [and, if introduced into the sea, is agent de pollution agente contaminante liable to create hazards to human health, to harm living resources and marine life, to substance polluante damage amenities or interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea] [except "other (Note: Dans les textes substances" as identified in MARPOL Annex II. relatifs au Code IMDG et dans le Code, ne pas A 26/Res.1024, para G-3.21 utiliser "substance". Utiliser "matière".) .Any non-linear shaped opening enclosed in ice 20099 فُرجة جليدية ؛ َفجوة جليدية polynya polynia polinia Polynyas may contain brash ice and/or be clairière полынья covered with new ice, nilas or young ice.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE AT Webpage 23777 بروتوكول معاھدة القطب الجنوبي المتعلق بحماية Protocol on Protocole au Traité Protocolo al Tratado البيئة ؛ بروتوكول مدريد Environmental sur l'Antarctique, Antártico sobre Protection to the relatif à la protection Protección del Medio Antarctic Treaty de l'environnement Ambiente Протокол об охране окружающей среды к Договору об Антарктике; Madrid Environmental Protocole de Madrid Protocolo de Madrid Мадридский протокол Protocol

Madrid Protocol Type of deformed ice formed by one piece of ice 14275 جليد ُم ِّتكدس rafted ice glace empilée hielo apilado overriding another. glace en piles hielo sobreescurrido наслоенный лед WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE glace entassée

59 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN ,An underwater ice projection from an ice wall 14276 نتوء جلدي تحت الماء ram éperon espolón ice front, iceberg or floe. Its formation is usually подводный выступ айсберга due to a more intensive melting and erosion of the unsubmerged part.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ramming éperonnement embestida contra el таран 19098 hielo remoteness éloignement lejanía 30786 (of a region) Required EEDI" is the maximum value of" 29480 المؤشر التصميمي المطلوب لفعالية استھالك الطاقة required Energy indice nominal de índice de eficiencia Efficiency Design rendement energética de attained EEDI that is allowed by these Index énergétique requis proyecto prescrito требуемый ККЭЭ regulations for the specific ship type and size. required EEDI EEDI requis EEDI prescrito MARPOL, Annex VI, Regulation 21 response action intervention acción de respuesta Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Protocol, d’urgence Annex VI, Art. 5:

"Response action" means reasonable measures taken after an environmental emergency has occurred to avoid, minimise or contain the impact of that environmental emergency, which to that end may include clean-up in appropriate circumstances, and includes determining the extent of that emergency and its impact. The pressure process by which sea ice is forced 31661 التراكمات الجيليدية ridging (of ice) formation de crêtes acordonamiento (de glace) (de hielo) into ridges. Грядообразование METEOTERM

60 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Sea ice which has become honeycombed and 14277 جليد ّمتفكك rotten ice glace pourrie hielo podrido which is in an advanced state of disintegration. glace en гнилой лед désagrégation WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE SOLAS II-1/29.11 6113 ُم ِّبين زاوية توجيه الدفة rudder angle indicator indicateur d'angle de indicador de la barre posición angular del helm indicator timón указатель угла перекладки руля répétiteur d'angle de rudder tell-tale [telltale] barre axiómetro указатель углового положения руля

répétiteur d'angle de indicador de posición указатель положения руля barre del timón Safety measures for Mesures de sécurité Medidas de 两极水域船舶运作安全措施 32036 MSC 93/22/Add.3, annex 3 - draft new SOLAS ships operating in applicables aux seguridad para los Chapter XIV polar waters navires exploités buques que operen dans les eaux en aguas polares polaires Sharp, irregular ridges formed on a snow 30069 َثلم ثلجي sastrugi sastrugi sastrugi surface by wind erosion and deposition. On drift заструги ice the ridges are parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind at the time they were formed.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE /http://www.scar.org 10198 للجنة العلمية المعنية ببحوث المحيط المتجمد الجنوبي Scientific Committee Comité scientifique Comité Científico de on Antarctic Research pour les recherches Investigaciones ا antarctiques Antárticas Научный комитет по исследованию SCAR Антарктики SCAR CCIA

61 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Any form of ice found at sea which has 20103 جليد عائم في البحر ؛ جليد البحر ؛ جليد بحري sea ice glace de mer hielo marino originated from the freezing of sea water. sea-ice морской лед WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

DE 56/10, annex, para. 1.4.11 10264 مصباح ّكشاف searchlight projecteur proyector

прожектор second-year ice glace de deuxième hielo del segundo лед второго года; двухлетний лед 29931 Old ice which has survived only one summer's année año melt; typical thickness up to 2.5 m and second year ice sometimes more. Because it is thicker than first-year ice, it stands higher out of the water. In contrast to multi-year ice, summer melting produces a regular pattern of numerous small puddles. Bare patches and puddles are usually greenish-blue.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE ship-ice interaction interaction interacción DE 51/11/2, annex glace-navire buque-hielo

Basic form of fast ice, representing a compact 30122 جليد شاطئي ؛ جليد ساحلي shore ice glace côtière hielo de orilla ice cover attached to the shore and, in shallow border ice glace de rivage заберег син. припай waters, also grounded.

METEOTERM

62 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Precipitation, often short-lived and heavy, falling 15235 ّرخة shower averse chubasco from convective clouds. A shower is chaparrón ливень characterized by its sudden beginning and ending, and generally by large and rapid changes of intensity.

METEOTERM shuga shuga shuga шуга 30126 An accumulation of spongy white ice lumps, a few centimetres across; they are formed from grease ice or slush and sometimes from anchor ice rising to the surface.

METEOTERM From the point of view of the submariner, thin 30121 َم ْن َور skylight claire-voie lumbrera places in the ice canopy, usually less than 1 m окно во льду thick and appearing from below as relatively light, translucent patches in dark surroundings. The undersurface of a skylight is normally flat. Skylights are called large if big enough for a submarine to attempt to surface through them (120 m), or small if not.

METEOTERM Snow which is saturated and mixed with water 14282 طين جليدي ؛ جليد ذائب جزئياً slush névasse pasta on land or ice surfaces, or as a viscous floating sludge bouillie neigeuse grumo талый снег mass in water after a heavy snowfall.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

63 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Precipitation of ice crystals, isolated or 30049 ثلج snow neige nieve agglomerated, falling from a cloud. снег METEOTERM An accumulation of wind-blown snow deposited 15668 ركام ثلجي snowdrift congère nieve acumulada in the lee of obstructions or heaped by wind snow-drift снежный занос; сугроб eddies.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE .Snow falling .1 َس َقط ثلجي snowfall chute de neige nevada 2. Depth of fresh snow deposited on the ground précipitation de neige espesor de la nieve снегопад during a specific period. caída épaisseur de neige METEOTERM fraîche

64 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Three major ecological zones can be 26078 المحيط الجنوبي Southern Ocean océan Austral océano Glacial Antártico distinguished in the Southern Ocean. The Ice- Variante: océan Южный океан free Zone lies between the Antarctic Polar Front Antarctique océano Austral and the northern limit of the pack-ice in winter. The intermediate Seasonal Pack-ice Zone lies océano Antártico between the northern limits of the pack-ice in winter–spring and in summer–autumn. The High-latitude Antarctic Zone, or Permanent Ice Zone, is adjacent to the Antarctic continent. The most productive of the three zones is the Seasonal Pack-ice Zone, where krill is the dominant planktonic organism and the staple food of many whales, seals, birds and fish. (CCAMLR 2004)

N.B.: Name adopted in 1999 by a large majority of IHO Member States for the body of water surrounding Antarctica, with its northern limit fixed at 60 degrees south. The IHO carried out a survey on the subject in 2000, when only 28 of its 68 member states responded, of which all except Argentina agreed to redefine the ocean as Southern Ocean. The fourth edition of IHO's draft publication "Limits of Oceans and Seas" was circulated to Member States in 2002, but has yet to be published as there are still areas of concern. However, this 4th edition is used in practice by several Member States and organizations, with some national hydrographic offices defining their own boundaries.

65 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN A separate floe standing vertically or inclined 14288 طوف جليدي قائم standing floe floe droit bandejón levantado and enclosed by rather smooth ice. floe dressé ропак WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Ice which has been floating and has been 30127 جليد منطقة َالج ْزر stranded ice glace d’estran hielo encallado deposited on the shore by retreating high water. جليد مغروز WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE лед, севший на мель (плавучий лед, севший на мель при дрейфе на мелководье или вследствие падения уровня воды) sub-Antarctic waters eaux subantarctiques aguas subantárticas MEPC 56/23, annex 4

A flat-topped iceberg. Most tabular bergs form 30128 جبل جليدي ّمسطح الرأس tabular berg iceberg tabulaire témpano tabular by calving from an ice shelf and show horizontal столообразный айсберг banding.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE Vertical holes in sea-ice formed when surface 14291 ثقب ناجم عن ذوبان الجليد thawing hole trou de fonte agujero de fusión (in the ice) (dans la glace) puddles melt through to the underlying water. alvéolo de fusión щель протаивания во льду thaw hole METEOTERM In connection with sea level, this refers to the 123 ّتمدد حراري thermal expansion dilatation thermique dilatación térmica increase in volume (and decrease in density) тепловое расширение that results from warming water. A warming of the ocean leads to an expansion of the ocean volume and hence an increase in sea level.

IPCC Glossary on Climate Change

66 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN 31357 طبقة جليدية رقيقة thin ice couche de glace hielo delgado mince .Between the shore ice and the ice foot 14293 صدع ّمدي tide crack crevasse de marée rajadura de marea

приливная трещина WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE A projection of the ice edge up to several 14294 لسان جليدي tongue langue (de glace) lengua kilometres in length, caused by wind or current. язык (льда) WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE 30721 مستوى طفو السفينة األقصى في المناطق الجليدية upper ice waterline flottaison la plus flotación superior en élevée dans les hielo UIWL glaces water-sky ciel d'eau cielo de agua водяное небо 14297 Dark streaks on the underside of low clouds, indicating the presence of water features in the water sky vicinity of sea ice.

METEOTERM weathering érosion efectos de temperie выветривание 8578 A combination of physical and environmental processes affecting oil such as evaporation, altération par les meteorización emulsification, dissolution and dispersion that agents act on spilled oil to change its physical atmosphériques alteración por properties and composition. exposición a la intemperie WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

(Nota: Cuando la exposición a la intemperie se efectúa deliberadamente como forma de tratamiento se usa "intemperización".)

67 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Young ice 15-30 cm thick. Under pressure more 30129 جليد أبيض white ice glace blanche neblina blanca likely to ridge than to raft. thin first-year ice glace mince de hielo delgado del белый лед première année primer año White ice is coarsely granular porous ice (as of тонкий однолетний a glacier) that is usually formed by compaction of snow and appears white to the eye. (Source: Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

METEOTERM 30696 المالحة في فصل الشتاء winter navigation navigation en hiver navegación en invierno winterization hivérisation preparación para el подготовка к зиме 28749 Winterization means: invierno - the process of designing, equipping, winterizing préparation aux supplying and operating the vessel to conditions hivernales make it suitable for cold climate operations; Note: Préparation d’un - the measures taken to prevent and matériel ou d’un mitigate the adverse effects of cold climate équipement pour lui on operations. permettre de fonctionner dans des A 26/Res. 1024, para. 1.1.4 conditions hivernales (Larousse) Sea-Ice Nomenclature in E and F 28574 مجموعة مصطلحات الجليد البحري الصادرة عن WMO Sea-Ice Nomenclature des Nomenclatura de la المنظمة العالمية لألرصاد الجوية (Nomenclature glaces en mer de OMM del Hielo (WMO l’OMM Marino WMO Sea Ice Номенклатура ВМО по морскому Nomenclature льду

68 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN Working liquids means any substances that are 29466 سائل تشغيل working liquids liquides d’exploitation líquidos para uso del buque pollutants used for the operation of the ship’s рабочая жидкость machinery.

A 26/Res.1024, G-3.28 The WWNWS is a coordinated global service for 8728 الخدمة العالمية للتحذيرات المالحية World-Wide Service mondial Servicio mundial de Navigational Warning d'avertissements de radioavisos náuticos the promulgation of hazards to navigation, which Service navigation Всемирная служба навигационных might endanger international shipping. Such WWNWS предупреждений information includes the following: failure and/or WWNWS SMAN changes to major navigational aids newly ВСНП discovered wrecks in or near main shipping lanes, drifting hazards such as containers or other large items, hazardous military operations and areas where search and rescue, anti- pollution operations and cable-laying or other underwater activities are taking place.

IHO information

A 17/Res.706, as amended by MSC/Circ.685, MSC/Circ.750 and MSC/Circ.957

69 ARABIC IMOTerm CHINESE OTHER INFORMATION ENGLISH TERM FRENCH TERM SPANISH TERM Record (including definitions, references, source, and Number hyperlinks, etc.) RUSSIAN This IHO Sub-Committee monitors and guides 28668 اللجنة الفرعية المعنية بالخدمة العالمية للتحذيرات World-Wide Sous-comité sur le Subcomité sobre el the IHO/IMO World Wide Navigational Warning المالحية التابعة للمنظمة الھيدروغرافية الدولية Navigational Warning Service mondial Servicio mundial de Service Sub- d'avertissements de radioavisos náuticos Service (WWNWS) which includes NAVAREA .and coastal warnings اللجنة الفرعية المعنية بالخدمة العالمية للتحذيرات Committee navigation المالحية Subcomité WWNWS IHO WWNWS Sub- Sous-comité SMAN Committee 全球航行警告服务分委会

Подкомитет по Всемирной службе навигационных предупреждений

Подкомитет ВСНП МГО young ice glace jeune hielo joven молодой лед 14301 Ice in the transition stage between nilas and first year ice, 10-30 cm in thickness. May be subdivided into grey ice and grey-white ice.

WMO SEA-ICE NOMENCLATURE

***

70 ANNEX 1

CATEGORIES OF SHIPS OPERATING IN POLAR WATERS

As defined in the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) (Resolution MSC.385(94))

Category A ship means a ship designed for operation in polar waters in at least medium first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions.

Category B ship means a ship not included in category A, designed for operation in polar waters in at least thin first-year ice, which may include old ice inclusions.

Category C ship means a ship designed to operate in open water or in ice conditions less severe than those included in categories A and B.

Navire de la catégorie A désigne un navire conçu pour être exploité dans les eaux polaires dans au moins de la glace moyenne de première année pouvant comporter des inclusions de vieille glace.

Navire de la catégorie B désigne un navire autre que de la catégorie A qui peut être exploité dans les eaux polaires dans au moins de la glace mince de première année pouvant comporter des inclusions de vieille glace.

Navire de la catégorie C désigne un navire conçu pour être exploité dans des eaux libres ou dans des conditions de glace moins rigoureuses que celles qui sont indiquées pour les navires des catégories A et B.

Buque de la categoría A: buque proyectado para operar en aguas polares en, como mínimo, hielo medio del primer año que puede incluir trozos de hielo viejo.

Buque de la categoría B: buque no incluido en la categoría A, proyectado para operar en aguas polares en, como mínimo, hielo delgado del primer año que puede incluir trozos de hielo viejo.

Buque de la categoría C: buque proyectado para operar en aguas libres o en condiciones del hielo menos rigurosas que las de las categorías A y B.

ANNEX 2

IACS POLAR CLASS DESCRIPTIONS

(based on WMO Sea Ice Nomenclature)

(Guidelines for Ships operating in Polar Waters, A 26/Res.1024)

Polar class General description of navigational Minimum level of icebreaking conditions capability, in metres PC 1 Year-round operation in all polar waters [3.0]

PC 2 Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions [2.4]

PC 3 Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multiyear ice [1.8] inclusions

PC 4 Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions [1.3]

PC 5 Year-round operation in medium first- year ice which may include old ice [1.0] inclusions

PC 6 Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice [0.7] inclusions

PC 7 Summer/autumn operation in thin first- year [0.5]

Hyperlink: http://www.iacs.org.uk/document/public/Publications/Unified_requirements/PDF/UR_I_pdf410.pdf

Tableau 1.1 – Description des différentes classes polaires

CLASSE POLAIRE DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE Exploitation durant toute l'année dans toutes les eaux couvertes de glace CP 1

Exploitation durant toute l'année en présence de glace moyenne de CP 2 plusieurs années

Exploitation durant toute l'année dans de la glace de deuxième année CP 3 pouvant comporter des inclusions de glace de plusieurs années

Exploitation durant toute l'année dans de la glace épaisse de première CP 4 année pouvant comporter des inclusions de vieille glace

Exploitation durant toute l'année dans de la glace moyenne de première CP 5 année pouvant comporter des inclusions de vieille glace

Exploitation en été/automne dans de la glace moyenne de première année CP 6 pouvant comporter des inclusions de vieille glace

Exploitation en été/automne dans de la glace mince de première année CP 7 pouvant comporter des inclusions de vieille glace

74 Cuadro 1.1 – Descripciones de las clases de navegación polar

CLASE DE DESCRIPIÓN GENERAL NAVEGACIÓN POLAR

Navegación durante todo el año en todo tipo de aguas cubiertas de hielo PC 1

Navegación durante todo el año en condiciones moderadas de hielo de varios PC 2 años

Navegación durante todo el año en hielo del segundo año que puede incluir PC 3 trozos de hielos de varios años

Navegación durante todo el año en hielo grueso del primer año que puede incluir PC 4 trozos de hielo viejo

Navegación durante todo el año en hielo medio del primer año que puede incluir PC 5 trozos de hielo viejo

Navegación en verano u otoño en hielo medio del primer año que puede incluir PC 6 trozos de hielo viejo

Navegación en verano u otoño en hielo delgado del primer año que puede incluir PC 7 trozos de hielo viejo

***

ANNEX 3

FINNISH SWEDISH ICE-CLASS RULES

(MEPC 59/4/14, para. 8)

In the Finnish-Swedish Ice-Class Rules the ice classes in question are described as follows: ice class IA Super; ships with such structure, engine output and other properties that they are normally capable of navigating in difficult ice conditions without the assistance of icebreakers; ice class IA; ships with such structure, engine output and other properties that they are capable of navigating in difficult ice conditions, with the assistance of icebreakers when necessary; ice class IB; ships with such structure, engine output and other properties that they are capable of navigating in moderate ice conditions, with the assistance of icebreakers when necessary; and ice class IC; ships with such structure, engine output and other properties that they are capable of navigating in light ice conditions, with the assistance of icebreakers when necessary.

Dans les règles de navigation dans les glaces finno-suédoises, ces cotes glace sont définies comme suit : cote glace IA Super : navires ayant une structure, une puissance propulsive et d'autres propriétés telles qu'ils sont normalement capables de naviguer dans des conditions de glace difficiles sans l'assistance de brise-glaces; cote glace IA : navires ayant une structure, une puissance propulsive et d'autres propriétés telles qu'ils sont capables de naviguer dans des conditions de glace difficiles avec l'assistance de brise-glaces, lorsque de besoin; cote glace IB : navires ayant une structure, une puissance propulsive et d'autres propriétés telles qu'ils sont capables de naviguer dans des condition de glace modérées avec l'assistance de brise-glaces, lorsque de besoin; et cote glace IC : navires ayant une structure, une puissance propulsive et d'autres propriétés telles qu'ils sont capables de naviguer dans des conditions de glace légères avec l'assistance de brise-glaces, lorsque de besoin.

En las reglas de clasificación para la navegación en hielo de Finlandia-Suecia, las clasificaciones para la navegación en hielo se describen del modo siguiente:

IA Súper: buques que, por su estructura, potencia de los motores y otras propiedades, normalmente son capaces de navegar en condiciones de hielo extremas sin asistencia de rompehielos;

IA: buques que, por su estructura, potencia de los motores y otras propiedades, son capaces de navegar en condiciones de hielo difíciles con la asistencia de rompehielos cuando sea necesario;

IB: buques que por su estructura, potencia de los motores y otras propiedades, pueden navegar en condiciones de hielo moderadas con la asistencia de rompehielos cuando sea necesario; y

IC: buques que por su estructura, potencia de los motores y otras propiedades, pueden navegar en condiciones de hielo escaso con la asistencia de rompehielos cuando sea necesario.

Webpage: http://www.bsis-ice.de/material/table_iceclasses.pdf

ANNEX 4

MAPS OF THE ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC REGIONS (Word Atlas and NSIDC)

Arctic region

 Average Maximum Areal Extent - 15,000,000 km2  Typical Thickness - ~ 2 m  Snow Thickness - thinner This region of the planet, north of the Arctic Circle, includes the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Baffin Island, other smaller northern islands, and the far northern parts of Europe, Russia (Siberia), Alaska and Canada. The Arctic is a semi-enclosed ocean, almost completely surrounded by land. As a result, the sea ice that forms in the Arctic is not as mobile as sea ice in the Antarctic. Although sea ice moves around the Arctic basin, it tends to stay in the cold Arctic waters. Floes are more prone to converge, or bump into each other, and pile up into thick ridges. These converging floes makes Arctic ice thicker. The presence of ridge ice and its longer life cycle leads to ice that stays frozen longer during the summer melt. So some Arctic sea ice remains through the summer and continues to grow the following autumn. Of the 15 million square kilometres (5.8 million square miles) of sea ice that exist during winter, on average, 7 million square kilometres (2.7 million square miles) remain at the end of the summer melt season.

The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line located at 66º, 30N latitude, and as a guide defines the southernmost part of the Arctic. In the mid-winter months, the sun never rises and temperatures can easily reach lows of - 50ºF in the higher latitudes. In the summer months (further south), 24 hours of sunlight a day melts the seas and topsoil, and is the main cause of icebergs breaking off from the frozen north and floating south, causing havoc in the shipping lanes of the north Atlantic.

The primary residents of the Arctic include the Eskimos (Inuits), Saami and Russians, with an overall population (of all peoples) exceeding 2 million. The indigenous Eskimos have lived in the area for over 9,000 years, and many have now given up much of their traditional hunting and fishing to work in the oil fields and the varied support villages.

Antarctic region

 Average Maximum Areal Extent - 18,000,000 km2  Typical Thickness - ~ 1 m  Snow Thickeness - thicker Antarctica is the coldest and windiest spot on the planet. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was recorded in Antarctica (-129.3ºF) and the mean winter temperatures range from -40º to -94ºF. Winds are commonly measured at up to 200 miles per hour. It is almost 98% solid ice. It was finally considered a continent in 1840, and not just a group of isolated islands. Today it has active territorial claims submitted by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom. (Many of these claims are not recognized by some countries and remain in a constant disputed status).

THE ARCTIC

82 ANTARCTICA

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