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ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. in an Interesting 242 ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. IN an interesting paper which appeared in the Zdtschrift filr Numismatik, 1877, Dr. Friedlander has brought together some remarkable inscriptions on coins of some Pamphylian cities; but it cannot be said that he has added anything to their elucidation beyond what had been already done by the late J. Siegismund in Curtius' Studien, vol. ix. p. 87. During the last few weeks before I left England, my attention was drawn to these and to the long inscription from Assarkeui, the ancient Sillyon, which is given very inaccurately in Bockh, G. I. O.,1 and more correctly by Hirschfeld in the Monatsber. d. Berl. Ak, 1874, p. 714; and the following notes are the result of the conversations and cor- respondence which I had with Professor Sayce on the subject. Throughout the paper, Professor Sayce's name will often recur, but it must be distinctly understood that even where his name is not mentioned, and where he might not agree with the views expressed, his suggestions have been used, and the whole might have been more justly, as it would doubtless have been better, written by him. I p\it forth the paper with Lmuch diffidence, as I have been obliged to write it without access to a good library, and am therefore obliged to trust to memory for a great many facts, and to want the additional light which good authorities would supply. Hence throughout the paper few references are given, and these usually in general terms. Several times Ahrens's articles in Philologies, xxxv. xxxvi., on the Cyprian Dialect are quoted as Ahrens, Cypr., no clearer reference being possible. 1 iii. 1160 sq. See also Bailie, Ed.), and Lebas, Voyage arclieologique, Fasciculus Inscriptionum, ii. 229, iii. 1377 (and p. 335). Kirckhoff, Studien d-a. p. 44 sq. (3rd ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 243 I. I begin with the inscription found on certain coins ZEAYV\IYZ. These coins are thus described1— (1) Obv. Head of bearded warrior r. Kev. Male figure standing. Inscription. (2) Obv. Head of Apollo r. laureate. Rev. Zeus Aetophoros seated. Inscription. (3) Obv. Same. Rev. Thunderbolt. Inscription. They belong to about the third century B.C. According to Friedliinder (I. c), they were at one time attributed to the town of Selge in Pisidia, and M. Waddington first rightly assigned them to Sillyon. The coins of this city from a little before the Christian era generally bear the legend ZIAAYEI2N ; but the spelling varied very much in ancient times, as we have the forms liiXovov, SvWiov, 2v\eiov, SvWov, and ~2v\aiov. In the Sillyon inscription, line 3 (and probably line 1), we find the same adjective as on the coins in the form ZEAYV\HOZ. A third form, ZEAY\A 1I YZ, must have been used, though I do not know that any instance of it has been preserved. Of the legend, the latter part, IIYZ, is found on the coins of Aspendus treated by Siegismund (I. c), EZTF EAII YZ, and has been rightly explained by Friedlander following him. The second I represents the Y sound developed after i before a vowel. In Lycian also after E, which denotes the Greek I, * is inserted before a vowel. The original O of the termination sometimes becomes Y as in the Latin Second Declension, and thus IIYZ has been evolved from the regular Greek ending io<i. There remains now only the V\ to be explained. This symbol also occurs several times in the Sillyon inscription ; and its value has not as yet, so far as I know, been determined. It seemed to me at first that it must be a sound like the English u or w ; but Professor Sayce suggested more accurately that it had in many cases a syllabic value, which is, I think, quite certain. In the case before us it can represent only the w sound evolved after v before a vowel. The termination -10- has to be added to the stem 1,e\ov or SeXv, and in the pronunciation of 1 For the description of these and Gardner, on whose authority also I give other coins I am indebted to Mr. Percy the period to which they belong. R 2 244 ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCBIPTIONS. the country two parasitic sounds were developed after the u and after the t. One might expect that the parasitic sound should be indicated by F, which symbol also occurs in the Pamphylian inscription, and on this account Friedliinder remarks that VV cannot have the value here assigned to it. But it is not so unusual to find more than one symbol in one single alphabet to indicate the VJ sound in different situations. Thus we find in Lycian also that, besides the F, there is another symbol, )[(, to which, when doubled, M. Schmidt assigns with un- doubted correctness the value w If it be argued that Schmidt considers F in Lycian to be a surd, like the English 1<, and that therefore another symbol was needed for the sonant in question, we may reply that Savelsberg (Beitr. z. Entzifferuvg der Lyh. Sprach-Denhm. p. 17) advances some strong argument;-, to show that F was in Lycian a sonant letter, and that there were three distinct symbols in Lycian to represent the English v or iv, viz. : F, )|(, which represents it only after itself in the combination uv, and Y, which represents it only in the combina- tions AXA, EXA, OYfi, AYO, ava, im, uva, and aim-. This is not the place to inquire whether Schmidt or Savelsberg is right; but on either supposition we have sufficient confirmation of the double symbol in Pamphylian. I shall try to show that in the Silly on inscription a rule is followed in the use of \/\ . (1) We have the use already indicated, between u and a following vowel; the word £eAuty\iyo? probably occurs twice, lines 1 and 3. (2) It is often found before o ; in lines 14 and 17 it is used probably in the word FOIKOV, Pamphylian \^oi/cv. The close relationship of o and u makes this very natural. L. Meyer has shown that in Homer the digamma is preserved much more completely before o than before any other letter, which shows that in this situation it had a different and more decided value than m the other cases. It also occurs before o in H EV\OTAIZ (lines 7 and 9), \[\OIK... (line 3). (3) It occurs in the combination AS\/\TY (line 15); where, if the reading is correct, it must have a syllabic value. (4) It occurs in the words aSf^Tanri, (lines 7 and perhaps 26) and air i\l\Trpa[ljia<;] (line 21). There is abundant evidence ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. 245 that some peculiarity in the pronunciation of the two diphthongs, av and ev, was common in the south-western parts of Asia Minor.1 We have in the Lycian bilingual inscription of Lewdisii aora and eaoTwv; on a coin of Cnidus, Eo/3oiA.o for EvftovXov; in the inscription from Mycale (C. /. G. No. 2909), aorol; in that from Priene (G. I. G. No. 2907), \ecicoi<s; in that from Samos (see G. Gurtius, IVesel. Program, 1873), eb'voiav, raora, aorov, eaor&v, aorot?, aoroix;; in the Carian inscription published by Mr. Newton in the appendix to his Essays on Art and Archaeology, a6r&; and many cases might he quoted from Erythrso and Chios.2 In this pronunciation the number of syllables remained the same, for in the Priene inscription \e6fcoi<s is a spondee. The Ionic form COUTOS, usual in Herodotus, is probably closely akin, as I shall try to show. Savelsberg, who gives most of these instances, considers that the v (which must therefore, he argues, have retained its ancient value u, and not suffered the modification common in Greek) has passed into the closely akin sound o; but long before I imagined that the intermediate step was aFo, eFo, and I think that the Pamphylian forms confirm this view. These must, according to the ideas here advanced, represent the English value awutos, ewu-pra... ; and in the Ionic, Lycian, and Carian forms a very slight change resulting from the tendency to dissimilation produced aFo, eFo, like the Latin voltus, &c., and finally do, io; while in Herodotus aF became by an easy and common transition w. This parasitic W sound has a tendency to come in quite as much before as after the v to separate it from another vowel: and similarly the parasitic y is found both before and after an original <,. Thus in modern Greek we have 07(0? for olos, where of course 7 is pronounced y. No one will think it diffi- cult that aFo, eFo should make only a single syllable in pro- nunciation,, if he looks at the way in which modern Greek runs together several vowels and semivowels into one syllable. While in Sillyon the two symbols seem to have been used side by side according to definite rules, we need not be surprised to find V\ employed in other parts of the country instead of F, i.e. in cases where the rules observed in the Sillyon inscription would lead us to expect F. This seems to be the case on 1 The forms alluded to occur in other &c, but not so frequently, parts of Greece, e.g., Amphipolis, Crete, 2 An instance from Velos, siqn-a, p. 59. 246 ON SOME PAMPHYLIAN INSCRIPTIONS. II. The coins of Perga. On silver and copper coins struck after the time of Alexander we find a remarkable legend, V\ANA'-j~'AXriPEIIAZ.
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