Lise Meitner's Life and Synopsis of Nuclear Physics
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LISE MEITNER’S LIFE AND SYNOPSIS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS day of Birth in Vienna ___________________ 7.11.1878 finishes compulsory _____________________ 1892 school for girls finishes training as ______________________ 1895 __________ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen primary school teacher incidentally discovers X-rays in for French Würzburg 1896 __________ Henri Becquerel discovers radiation of Uranium in Paris 1897 __________ J.J. Thomson detects the electron as first elementary particle 1898 __________ Marie and Pierre Curie discover radium in Paris 1900 __________ Max Planck introduces his concept of the Wirkungsquantum (quantum of action) successfully completes final ______________ 1901 __________ first Nobel Prize of Physics to exams as an external; begins W.C. Röntgen studies of physics at the University of Vienna 1903 __________ Ernest Rutherford classifies radiation as α-, β- and γ-rays 1905 __________ Albert Einstein’s 3 essential papers published, among them the spezielle Relativitätstheorie (special theory of relativity) graduation in Vienna ___________________ 1906 moves to Berlin, begins advanced _______ 1907 studies at Planck’s institute; collaboration with Otto Hahn begins discovery of the radioactive _____________ 1909 recoil (radioaktiver Rückstoß) with Hahn 1911 __________ First Solvay-conference in Brussels 1913 __________ Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr develop the „planetary model of atoms“, having a heavy nucleus in its centre begins working in the ___________________ 1912 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute Berlin, at first as unpaid guest regular employment ________________ 1913 1915 __________ Einstein publishes the general theory of relativity takes part at WW I as nurse and __________ 1915/16 radiologist at the Austro-Russian eastern front head of radio-physical __________________ 1917 Department at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute discovery of the element ________________ 1918 Protactinium (with Hahn) professor at the Institute ________________ 1919 __________ Rutherford succeeds in the first transformation of one element into another (nitrogen – oxygen) habilitation at the Friedrich- _____________ 1922 __________ Wolfgang Pauli detects Wilhelm- University, Berlin the electron spin external professorship __________________ 1923 1926 __________ establishment of wave-mechanics and quantum-mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg and Paul Dirac 1932 James Chadwick discovers the Neutron removal from University, ________________ 1933 remains in the Institute begin of the experiments on the _________ 1934 __________ Enrico Fermi succeeds in Transuranic elements with Hahn bombarding heavy nuclei with neutrons and hence establishes the Transuranium-Hypothesis due to the Anschluss of Austria, __________ 1938 __________ Otto Hahn and Fritz Straßmann she loses Austrian citizenship; discover nuclear fission in Berlin escape to Netherlands, exile in Sweden, begins to work at the Nobel Institute in Stockholm theoretical interpretation of ______________ 1938/39 fission (with her nephew Otto Robert Frisch) 1939 __________ Hahn and Straßmann publish their experiments and results; __________ Foundation of the Uranverein, Berlin __________ Einstein’s letter to Roosevelt 1941 __________ Fermi builds first Uranium reactor in Chicago __________ Manhattan Project established travels to USA __________________________ 1946 teaching activity at the Catholic University, Washington Woman of the year 1946 professor at the Royal ___________________ 1947 Technical University, Stockholm Swedish citizenship _____________________ 1948 Medal Pour le Mérite ___________________ 1957 in Germany opening of the Hahn-Meitner- ___________ 1959 Institut in Berlin moves to Cambridge/UK ________________ 1960 dies in Cambridge, shortly after __________ 27.10.1968 Otto Hahn 1997 __________ Element 109 baptized Meitnerium .