Chapter – 1

Prisons – Types and Occupancy

Introduction year 2018 is the twenty fourth in the series. Prison administration is an Prisons exist at three levels such important component of criminal justice as Taluk level, District level and system. Prison institutions are known by Zonal/Range level and Jails at these different names in different countries like levels are called as Sub Jail, District ‘Correctional Facilities’, ‘Detention Jail and Central Jail respectively. Centre’, ‘Jails’, ‘Remand Centre’ etc. Generally, capacity in terms of There is a paradigm shift in social view infrastructure, available prison staffs & point towards prisoners in last century. powers vested in them, security, facilities Earlier system of prison with punitive to prisoners such as medical, educational attitude where in inmates were forcibly and rehabilitation etc. are progressively confined and deprived a variety of better from Sub jail to Central Jail. freedom as a form of punishment has changed with a change in social State/UT wise Number of prisons, perception towards prison and prisoners. Capacity and Inmate Occupancy in the It is now treated as correction or Country as on 31st December, 2018 improvement facility which itself indicates that there is more emphasis on I. State/UT wise Number of reformation of prisoners than to punish Prisons: them.

As on 31st December, 2018 there In last few decades, prison were 1,339 Jails in the country. State of population has increased tremendously has the highest number (138 which creates number of challenges out of 1,339) of jails among the States/UTs before prison administration like security followed by (130), Madhya & safety in prison, hygiene issues, Pradesh (130), Andhra Pradesh (105) overcrowding, etc. In recent years the (104) and Odisha (91). These Supreme Court of has come down six States together covers 52.13 % of total heavily on sub-human conditions existing jails in the country as on 31st December, in prisons especially on overcrowding in 2018 (Chart – 1.1). Details on number of prisons. This report contains jails in the States/UTs is given in Table comprehensive information at the 1.1. national level on majority of such aspects of these institutions. This report for the

1 TAMILNADU 138 RAJASTHAN 130 MADHYA PRADESH 130 ANDHRA PRADESH 105 KARNATAKA 104 ODISHA 91 UTTAR PRADESH 71 * 64 WEST BENGAL# 59 BIHAR 58 55 49 CHHATTISGARH 33 ASSAM 31 30 GUJARAT 29 PUNJAB 24 HARYANA 19 DELHI 16 JAMMU & KASHMIR 14 14 TRIPURA 13 UTTARAKHAND 11 NAGALAND 11 MIZORAM 10 MEGHALAYA 5 MANIPUR 5 PUDUCHERRY 4 Total Number of Prisons LAKSHADWEEP 4 1,339 A & N ISLANDS 4 SIKKIM 2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 2 DAMAN & DIU 1 D & N HAVELI 1 CHANDIGARH 1 GOA 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Number of Jails

 As per data provided by States/UTs. * Sub jails under the control of Revenue Department is not included; # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Number of Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 (State/UT wise) Chart – 1.1

II. State/UT wise Capacity of (24,095), Punjab (23,488), Tamil Nadu Prisons: (22,792) and Rajasthan (21,892) as on 31st December, 2018. These seven States As on 31st December 2018, total together have 55.83% of the total capacity available capacity of all the prisons in the of all prisons in the country as on 31st country is 3,96,223. Uttar Pradesh has December, 2018 (Chart – 1.2). Details on reported the highest capacity of prisons the capacity of prisons in the States/UTs is (58,914) followed by Bihar (41,441), given in Table 1.2. Madhya Pradesh (28,601), Maharashtra

2 UTTAR PRADESH 58914 BIHAR 41441 MADHYA PRADESH 28601 MAHARASHTRA 24095 PUNJAB 23488 TAMILNADU 22792 RAJASTHAN 21892 WEST BENGAL# 21772 ODISHA 19176 HARYANA 18471 JHARKHAND 16094 KARNATAKA 13711 GUJARAT 13345 CHHATTISGARH 12063 DELHI 10026 ASSAM 8888 ANDHRA PRADESH 8786 TELANGANA 7195 KERALA 6806 UTTARAKHAND 3540 JAMMU & KASHMIR 2660 HIMACHAL PRADESH 2178 TRIPURA 2174 MIZORAM 1601 NAGALAND 1450 MANIPUR 1272 CHANDIGARH 1120 MEGHALAYA 650 GOA 624 Total Capacity of Prisons PUDUCHERRY 416 3,96,223 A & N ISLANDS 309 SIKKIM 246 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 233 D & N HAVELI 70 LAKSHADWEEP 64 DAMAN & DIU 60 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Number of Jails

 As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Capacity of Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.2

III. States/ UTs wise Inmates Maharashtra (35,884), West Bengal Population in Prison: (23,092) and Punjab (22,486). These six States together contributes 57.1% A total of 4,66,084 prisoners as on (2,66,215 inmates) of total inmates lodged 31st December, 2018 were confined in in various Jails as on 31st December, 2018 various jails across the country. Uttar (Chart – 1.3). State/ UT wise details on Pradesh has lodged highest number of inmate population in prisons is given in Inmates (1,04,011) followed by Madhya Table 1.2. Pradesh (42,057), Bihar (38,685),

3 UTTAR PRADESH 104011 MADHYA PRADESH 42057 BIHAR 38685 MAHARASHTRA 35884 WEST BENGAL# 23092 PUNJAB 22486 JHARKHAND 20629 RAJASTHAN 20134 HARYANA 19270 CHHATTISGARH 18494 ODISHA 16501 DELHI 15468 GUJARAT 14980 KARNATAKA 13944 TAMILNADU 13674 ASSAM 8282 KERALA 7638 ANDHRA PRADESH 6988 TELANGANA 5550 UTTARAKHAND 5311 JAMMU & KASHMIR 3085 HIMACHAL PRADESH 2254 MIZORAM 1677 TRIPURA 1042 CHANDIGARH 1035 MEGHALAYA 933 MANIPUR 920 NAGALAND 442 GOA 435 SIKKIM 387 Total Inmate Population PUDUCHERRY 268 4,66,084 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 245 A & N ISLANDS 184 DAMAN & DIU 59 D & N HAVELI 39 LAKSHADWEEP 1 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Inmates in Number

 As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Inmate Population in Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.3

IV. State/UT wise Prison prison inmates. Overcrowding results in Occupancy Rate as on poor hygiene, lack of sleep etc. Keeping in 31st December, 2018 view the human rights of the prisoners, it is essential that they are given reasonable Overcrowding refers to the situation space and facilities in jails. in which more inmates are staying than the sanctioned strength. In recent years, it is Occupancy rate is defined as one of the biggest problems faced by number of inmates staying in jails against

4 the authorized capacity for 100 inmates. In Puducherry (64.4%), Tamil Nadu (60%), other words, if occupancy rate of any jail is Andaman & Nicobar Islands (59.5%), 100, it means the number inmates are as Dadra & Nagar Haveli (55.7%), Tripura per authorized capacity of the jail. (47.9%), Nagaland (30.5%) and Overcrowding in jail means occupancy Lakshadweep (1.6%), though on the rate is more than 100. other dates of the year the occupancy could have been higher or lower also. NCRB is collecting data on occupancy of jail as on 31st December Among the States, Uttar Pradesh 2018 which may not be true reflection of has reported the highest overcrowding occupancy for the whole year, as it may (176.5%) followed by Sikkim (157.3%), vary on day to day basis. Chhattisgarh (153.3%), Uttarakhand (150%), Maharashtra (148.9%), Madhya It is evident from the information Pradesh (147%) and Meghalaya made available by States/UTs regarding (143.5%). Among Union Territories, Delhi population of inmates in various prisons as has reported the highest overcrowding on 31st December, 2018 (Table 1.2) that (154.3%) (Chart 1.4). Occupancy rate in the prison population was manageable at various Jails as on 31st December, 2018 the end of the year 2018 (as on 31st in respect of States/UTs is presented in December, 2018) in 12 States and 6 UTs Table 1.2. as the occupancy rate in these States/UTs remained less than 100%. These States and UTs are Daman & Diu (98.3%), Punjab (95.7%), Bihar (93.3%), Assam (93.2%), Chandigarh (92.4%), Rajasthan (92%), Odisha (86.1%), Andhra Pradesh(79.5%), Telangana (77.1%), Manipur(72.3%), Goa (69.7%),

5 UTTAR PRADESH 176.5 SIKKIM 157.3 DELHI 154.3 CHHATTISGARH 153.3 UTTARAKHAND 150 MAHARASHTRA 148.9 MADHYA PRADESH 147 MEGHALAYA 143.5 JHARKHAND 128.2 JAMMU & KASHMIR 116 GUJARAT 112.3 KERALA 112.2 WEST BENGAL# 106.1 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 105.2 MIZORAM 104.7 HARYANA 104.3 HIMACHAL PRADESH 103.5 KARNATAKA 101.7 DAMAN & DIU 98.3 PUNJAB 95.7 Occupancy Rate (in %) in BIHAR 93.3 ASSAM 93.2 All Prisons: 117.6 CHANDIGARH 92.4 RAJASTHAN 92 ODISHA 86.1 ANDHRA PRADESH 79.5 TELANGANA 77.1 MANIPUR 72.3 GOA 69.7 PUDUCHERRY 64.4 TAMILNADU 60 Occupancy Rate A & N ISLANDS 59.5 D & N HAVELI 55.7 TRIPURA 47.9 NAGALAND 30.5 LAKSHADWEEP 1.6 0 50 100 150 200

 As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Prisons Occupancy Rate in States/UTs as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.4 State/UT wise Distribution of Different Schedule VII of the Constitution of India. Types of prisons, their Capacity, Prison Establishments in different Inmates Population and Occupancy States/UTs comprise several tiers of jails. Rate in the Country as on 31st December, 2018 The various type of Jail institutions which are in existence in the States/UTs Types of Prisons are Central jails, District jails and Sub Prison and its administration is a jails. The other types of jail establishments State Subject as it is listed in List II in are women jails, borstal schools, open jails and special jails.

6 I. Central Jail (144) even at lower formation. These States are Tamil Nadu (96), Andhra Pradesh The criteria for a jail to be (91), Madhya Pradesh (73), Odisha (73), categorised as a central jail differs from Karnataka (72), Rajasthan (60), State to State. However, the common Telangana (32) and West Bengal (31), feature observed in all the States/UTs that while 9 States/UTs have no sub-jails the prisoners sentenced to imprisonment (namely Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, for a longer period (more than 2 years) are Haryana, Meghalaya, Mizoram, confined in the Central Jails, which have Nagaland, Sikkim, Chandigarh and Delhi) larger capacity (more than 1,000 inmates) (Table 1.1). in comparison to other jails. These jails also have rehabilitation capacities. IV. Open Jail (77)

Delhi had the highest number of 14 Open jails are special Jails that central jails followed by Madhya Pradesh exclusively confines only convicted (11), Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan & prisoners. Convict Prisoners with good Tamil Nadu (9 each) and Bihar, Karnataka, behaviour, satisfying certain norms West Bengal (8 each). Arunachal Pradesh, prescribed in the prison rules are lodged in Meghalaya, A & N Island, D & N Haveli, open prisons. Minimum security is kept in Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep have no such prisons and prisoners are engaged in central Jail (Table 1.1). agricultural activities.

II. District Jail (404) Only 17 States have reported about the functioning of open jails in their District jails (capacity for around jurisdiction. Amongst these States, 500 inmates) serve as the main prisons in Rajasthan has reported the highest some of the States/UTs. State of Uttar number of 31 open jails followed by Pradesh has the highest number of district Maharashtra (19), Madhya Pradesh(5), jails (61) followed by Madhya Pradesh Gujarat ,Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West (41), Bihar (31) and Maharashtra (28) Bengal (3 each) The remaining 11 States (Table 1.1). – Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Goa, Chandigarh, D & N Haveli, Odisha, Punjab, Telangana and Daman & Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Uttarakhand have one open jail each Puducherry have no District Jail as on 31st (Table 1.1). December, 2018(Table 1.1). The States Arunachal Pradesh, III. Sub Jail (628) Chhattisgarh, Goa, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nine States have reported Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura & Uttar Pradesh comparatively higher number of sub-jails and all the UTs do not have any Open Jail (capacity for around 200 inmates) in their State/UT (Table 1.1). revealing a well-organized prison set-up

7 V. Special Jail (41) VII. Borstal School (19)

Special jail means any prison The primary objective of borstal provided for the confinement of a particular schools is to ensure care, welfare and class or particular classes of prisoners & rehabilitation of young offenders in a provides limited access with the different environment suitable for children permission of higher authorities. Offenders and keep them away from contaminating may include prisoners involved in terrorist atmosphere of the prison. The young and extremists activities, inmates who offenders in conflict with law detained in have committed serious violations of borstal schools are provided various prison discipline, inmates showing vocational trainings. They are also given tendencies towards violence and education with the help of trained aggression, habitual offenders, drug teachers. peddlers, etc. Tamil Nadu has 12 borstal schools Out of the 13 States/UTs having and 7 States namely, Himachal Pradesh, Special jail, Kerala has the highest number Jharkhand, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, of special jails (16) followed by West Rajasthan & Telangana (1 each) have Bengal (5), Telangana (4), Tamil Nadu (3), reported borstal schools in their respective Gujarat, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and jurisdiction (Table 1.1). Puducherry (2 jails each) and Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, VIII. Other Jails (2) Maharashtra & Rajasthan (1 jail each) (Table 1.1). To cover all the jails across the country, Jails that are not covered under VI. Women Jail (24) the known Jail types (Central jail, District Jail, Sub-jail, Women jail, Borstal school, Women jails are special Jails that Open jail, Special jail) are covered under exclusively confines only female prisoners the Type “Other Jails”. & these Jails are called as Women Jail. Women jail may exist at sub-divisional, Only two States namely Kerala and district & central (Zone/Range) level. Maharashtra (1 each) have other jails in their jurisdiction (Table 1.1). Women jails exclusively for women prisoners exist only in 15 States/UT (Table 1.1). Tamil Nadu (5), having highest number of Women Jails followed by Kerala (3) and Rajasthan, Bihar, Delhi (2 each). Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Odisha, Punjab, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have one women jail each.

8 Number of Jails, Capacity, Inmate Table - 1.3 showing that central jail and Population and Occupancy Rate at district jails are overcrowded and the National level as on 31st December occupancy rate of District Jail (132.8%) is 2018 the highest among all types of Prisons followed by central jail (119%). Various Occupancy rate of various types of types of Prisons and their Occupancy Prisons at national level is 117.6. Rate as on 31st December, 2018 are as Occupancy rate of various types of prison under: is presented at Chart - 1.5 (below) and

500000 132.8 140 466084

119 450000 117.6 120 400000 396223

350000 100 88.9 81.9 300000 80

250000 66.6 209278 58 206518 60 200000 175820 155490 38.7 150000 40

100000 44916 1.7 20 50000 36775 6594 5667 5593 3777 5859 3243 625 1615 9 528 0 0 All Jails Central District Sub-Jail Open Jail Special Women Borstal Other Jail Jail Jail Jail School Jails

No. of Inmates Actual Capacity Occupancy Rate

 As per data provided by States/UTs. Occupancy Rate of Various types of Prisons at National Level as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.5

9 Table 1(A)

Number Population Sl. Occupancy Type of Capacity of No. Rate Jails Inmates (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 CENTRAL JAIL 144 175820 209278 119.0

2 DISTRICT JAIL 404 155490 206518 132.8

3 SUB-JAIL 628 44916 36775 81.9

4 SPECIAL JAIL 41 6594 5859 88.9

5 OPEN JAIL 77 5667 3777 66.6

6 WOMEN JAIL 24 5593 3243 58.0

7 BORSTAL SCHOOL 19 1615 625 38.7

8 OTHERS 2 528 9 1.7

9 TOTAL 1339 396223 466084 117.6  As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Note: Figures as on 31st December 2018

I. Central Jail overcrowding in jails but overcrowding A total of 2,09,278 inmate may differ on day to day and jail to jail population consisting of 2,02,547 males basis. At the end of the year 2018 (as on st and 6,731 females were lodged in various 31 December, 2018), 14 States and 1 Central jails of the country against the total UTs have reported more than 100% Capacity of 1,75,820 consisting of occupancy rate. Chhattisgarh has 1,68,821 male and 6,999 female as on 31st reported the highest overcrowding December, 2018. (196.1%) followed by Maharashtra (170.7%)and Delhi (159.3%). Capacity Prison population in central jails for male and female inmates and their were manageable at the end of the year occupancy rate in Central Jails as on 31st 2018 (as on 31st December, 2018) in 13 December, 2018 in respect of States/UTs States and 2 UT as the occupancy rate in are presented in Table 1.4. these States/UTs remained less than 100%. These States and UTs are Punjab II. District Jail (99.8%), Telangana (98.2%), Haryana (95.2%), Mizoram (94.6 %), Uttarakhand A total of 2,06,518 inmate population (93.8%), Chandigarh (92.4%), Jammu & consisting of 1,98,408 males and 8,110 Kashmir (90.7%), Bihar (90.7%), Assam females were lodged in various Districts (84.8%), Manipur (84%), Tamil Nadu jails of the country against the total (72.4%), Goa (69.7%), Puducherry Capacity of 1,55,490 consisting of (69.3%), Tripura (49%) and Nagaland 1,45,805 male and 9,685 female as on 31st (22.3%). December, 2018. The highest number of inmates were lodged in the jails of Uttar The Occupancy rate of Central Jail Pradesh (90,823) followed by Bihar at National level is 119% which shows (21,720) and Haryana (16,129).

10 Prison population in District jails were 2018. The highest number of inmates manageable at the end of the year 2018 were lodged in jails of Odisha (7,391) (as on 31st December, 2018) in 10 followed by Madhya Pradesh (6,404) and States/UT as the occupancy rate in these West Bengal (3,375). States/UTs remained less than 100%. These States and UTs are Karnataka Prison population of Sub - jails were (97.8%), West Bengal(95.9%), Kerala manageable at the end of the year (94.6%), Punjab (87.7%), Tripura 2018(as on 31st December, 2018) in 12 (74.3%), Andhra Pradesh (67.1%), States and 5 UTs as the occupancy rate Telangana (63.1%),A & N Islands in these States/UTs remained less than (62.8%), Tamil Nadu (47.7%) and 100%.These States and UTs are Daman Nagaland (36.2%). & Diu (98.3%), Jharkhand (95.8%), Punjab (91.6%), Chhattisgarh (84.7%), The Occupancy rate of District Jails at Rajasthan (72.3%), Odisha (68.4%), National level is 132.8% which shows Bihar(58.9%), Maharashtra (57.1%), D & overcrowding in jails but overcrowding N Haveli (55.7%), Tamil Nadu (48.2%), may differ on day to day and jail to jail Tripura (40.7%), Telangana (37.9%), basis. 18 States have reported more than Karnataka (37.6%), A & N 100% occupancy rate. The occupancy rate Islands(37.5%), Puducherry (25%), and in these states are Uttar Pradesh(183%), Lakshadweep (1.6%). Jharkhand (174.6%), Sikkim (161.7%), Uttarakhand (158.1%), Madhya Pradesh The Occupancy rate of Sub Jails at (144.5%), Meghalaya (143.5%), Jammu & National level was 81.9 which may differ Kashmir (131.4%), Maharashtra (125.1%), on day to day and jail to jail basis. 9 States Mizoram (114.2%), Himachal Pradesh have reported more than 100% occupancy (112.3%), Chhattisgarh (110.8%), Gujarat rate. These States/UTs are Uttarakhand (107.6%), Haryana (106.3%), Arunachal (237.1%), Assam (236.4%), Uttar Pradesh Pradesh (105.2%), Rajasthan (103.9%), (216.3%), Kerala (178.2%), Gujarat Odisha (103.8%), Assam (103%), and (142%), Jammu & Kashmir (138.1%), Bihar (102.1%). Capacity for male and West Bengal (135.5%), Himachal Pradesh female inmates and their occupancy rate (124.1%) and Madhya Pradesh (121.2%), in District Jails as on 31st December, . Capacity for male and female inmates 2018 in respect of States/UTs are and their occupancy rate in Sub Jails as presented in Table 1.5. on 31st December, 2018 in respect of States/UTs are presented in Table 1.6. III. Sub Jail IV. Open Jail A total of 36,775 inmate population A total of 3,777 inmate population consisting of 35,972 males and 803 consisting of 3,651 males and 126 females females were lodged in various Sub jails of were lodged in various Open jails of the the country against the total Capacity of country against the total Capacity of 5,667 44,916 inmate consisting of 40,579 males inmates consisting of 5,547 males and 120 and 4,337 females as on 31st December, females as on 31st December, 2018. The

11 highest number of inmates were lodged in country against the total Capacity of 5,593 jails of Maharashtra (1235) followed by inmates as on 31st December, 2018. The Rajasthan (1019) and Kerala (431). highest number of inmates were lodged in jails of Delhi (530) followed by Tamil Nadu The Occupancy rate of Open Jails at (520) and Maharashtra (417). National level was 66.6% and West Bengal (114.6%) have reported highest The Occupancy rate of Women jails at overcrowding in open jails, followed by National level was 58% and Maharashtra Bihar (93.3%). However, overcrowding (159.2%) has reported highest may differ on day to day and jail to jail overcrowding in Women jails, followed by basis. Capacity for male and female West Bengal (142%) and Bihar (107.9%). inmates and their occupancy rate in Open However, overcrowding may differ on day Jails as on 31st December, 2018 in to day and jail to jail basis. Capacity for respect of States/UTs are presented in male and female inmates and their Table 1.9. occupancy rate in Women jails as on 31st December, 2018 in respect of States/UTs V. Special Jail are presented in Table 1.7 A total of 5,859 inmate population consisting of 5,639 males and 220 females VII. Borstal School were lodged in various Special jails of the A total of 625 inmate population country against the total Capacity of 6,594 consisting of 616 males and 9 females inmates consisting of 6,079 males and 515 were lodged in various Borstal schools of females as on 31st December, 2018. The the country against the total Capacity of highest number of inmates were lodged in 1,615 inmates consisting of 1,603 males jails of Kerala (1665) followed by Odisha and 12 females as on 31st December, (1257) and West Bengal (1005). 2018. The highest number of inmates were lodged in jails of Punjab (284) The Occupancy rate of Special jails at followed by Tamil Nadu (225) and Kerala National level was 88.9% and Kerala (59). (162.9%) has reported highest The Occupancy rate of Borstal overcrowding in Special jails, followed by schools at National level was 38.7% and Jammu & Kashmir (131.1%) and West none of the States/ UTs is showing Bengal (117.3%). However, overcrowding overcrowding i.e States/ UTs where prison may differ on day to day and jail to jail occupancy rate is more than 100%. basis. Capacity for male and female However, overcrowding may differ on day inmates and their occupancy rate in to day and jail to jail basis. Capacity for Special jails as on 31st December, 2018 in male and female inmates and their respect of States/UTs are presented in occupancy rate in Borstal schools as on Table 1.10. 31st December, 2018 in respect of States/UTs are presented in Table 1.8. VI. Women Jail A total of 3,243 inmates population were lodged in various Women jails of the

12 Analysis & Findings: Occupancy rate in District Jails for I. Male, Female and Overall male was the highest (136.1%) among all Occupancy Rate in Different types types of jail, while the occupancy rate for of as on female was (83.7%). The overall 31st December, 2018 occupancy rate in district jails at national level was also the highest (132.8%) The overall occupancy rate in all among all types of Jail. jails at national level was 117.6% whereas the occupancy rate for male and female In Sub-Jails, the occupancy rate for were 121.1%and 70.6% respectively. male (88.6%) was much higher than that Occupancy Rate in Central Jails at of female (18.5%). The overall occupancy national level for Male and Female were rate in Sub-Jails at national level was 120% and 96.2% respectively at the end 81.9% . The occupancy rate in women- of year 2018 with an overall occupancy jails was (58%) and overall occupancy rate which was 119%. rate in Open-jails was 66.6%

160.0 Male Female Overall 136.1 140.0 132.8

120.0 119.0 121.1 120.0 117.6

105.0 96.2 100.0 92.8 88.6 88.9 83.7 81.9 80.0 75.0 70.6 65.8 66.6 58.0 58.0 60.0

42.7 Occupancy %) Rate (in Occupancy 38.4 38.7 40.0

18.5 20.0

0.0 1.70.01.7 0.0 Central District Sub-Jail Women Borstal Open Jail Special Others All Jails Jail Jail Jail School Jail

Types of Jail

 As per data provided by States/UTs. Male, Female and Overall Occupancy Rate of various types of Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.6

13 II. State/UT-wise Number of Women Tamil Nadu (5) was having the Jails and Their Occupancy Rate as highest number of Women Jails, however on 31st December, 2018 the women occupancy rate in women jails in Tamil Nadu is the lowest 25.8%. Kerala As on 31st December, 2018 there and Bihar & Rajasthan were having 3 and were only 24 Women Jails in the country 2 women jails (each) respectively. wherein 3,243 female inmates (16.9%)out of 19,242 female inmates at national level Maharashtra (159.2%) has reported were lodged. 21 States/UTs were not highest overcrowding in Women jails, having any Women Jail separately. followed by West Bengal (142%) and Bihar (107.9%).

159.2 MAHARASHTRA 1 142 WEST BENGAL# 1 107.9 BIHAR 2 92.4 TELANGANA 1 81.8 DELHI 2 70.9 ODISHA 1 69.4 ANDHRA PRADESH 1 56.9 PUNJAB 1 55.2 KERALA 3 54 KARNATAKA 1 53.8 UTTAR PRADESH 1 51.1 MIZORAM 1 44 RAJASTHAN 2 36.2 GUJARAT 1 25.8 TAMILNADU 5

0 50 100 150 200

Occupancy Rate (in %) No. of Women Jail

 As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Occupancy Rate of Women Jails as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.7

14

III. Occupancy Rate (in %) of Female total female inmates (15,999) were lodged Inmates in Other Jails (Except in other type of Jails. Women Jails) as on 31st December, 2018 State/UT wise comparison of occupancy rate of female inmates in jails A total of 19,242 female inmates were (except Women Jails) is presented below lodged in various prisons at national level showing that Uttarakhand (164.9%) has out of which only 16.9%(3,243) female reported the highest occupancy rate inmates were lodged in Women Jail as on followed by Chhattisgarh (146.6%) and 31st December 2018. Around 83.1% of Uttar Pradesh (134.8%).

UTTARAKHAND 164.90 CHHATTISGARH 146.60 UTTAR PRADESH 134.80 MAHARASHTRA 119.90 JHARKHAND 112.30 JAMMU & KASHMIR 91.00 BIHAR 84.80 MADHYA PRADESH 84.40 MIZORAM 71.70 WEST BENGAL# 69.80 GOA 66.00 PUNJAB 62.50 HIMACHAL PRADESH 57.40 GUJARAT 56.40 RAJASTHAN 53.40 KARNATAKA 48.50 MEGHALAYA 47.30 KERALA 44.80 ANDHRA PRADESH 43.00 HARYANA 42.30 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 41.70 D & N HAVELI 40.00 TELANGANA 39.50 ASSAM 39.50 TRIPURA 31.80 ODISHA 30.20 CHANDIGARH 30.00 MANIPUR 26.80 SIKKIM 22.50 Number of Women Prisoners in All Jails TAMILNADU 21.50 PUDUCHERRY 17.80 (except Women Jails) A & N ISLANDS 15.00 DAMAN & DIU 5.00 15,999 NAGALAND 5.00 LAKSHADWEEP* 0.00 DELHI@ 0.00 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 Occupancy Rate (in %)  As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. * Lakshadweep has no earmarked capacity for women inmates. @ Delhi has no earmarked capacity for women inmates other than women jails. Occupancy Rate (in %) of Women Inmates in All Jails (except Women Jails) as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.8

15

IV. Capacity of Prisons, Inmates period, the number of jails has a decrease Occupancy and overall Occupancy of -3.7%(1,391 jails in 2013 to 1,339 jails Rate of all Prisons at National in 2018). However, the capacity of inmates Level during 2013-2018 has an increase of 13.9%(3,47,859 in 2013 to 3,96,223 in 2018). Thus, the During the period 2013-2018 the Occupancy Rate of all the prisons at no. of Inmates has increased from national level has a decrease of - 4,11,992 to 4,66,084 in 2018 showing an 0.7%(118.4% in 2013 to 117.6% in 2018). increase of 13.1%. During the same

500000 466084 200.0

411992 180.0 450000 13.1%

396223 160.0 400000 13.9% 347859 140.0 350000 No. of Inmates of No.

& -0.7% 120.0 300000 118.4 117.6 100.0 250000 80.0

200000 60.0 %) (in Rate Occupancy Capacity of Prisons Prisons of Capacity 150000 40.0

100000 20.0

50000 0.0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 No. of Inmates 411992 418536 419623 433003 450696 466084 Capacity of Prisons 347859 356561 366781 380876 391574 396223 Occupancy Rate (in %) 118.4 117.4 114.4 113.7 115.1 117.6  As per data provided by States/UTs. Note: Figures as on 31st December of the respective year Capacity of Prisons, No. of Inmates and Occupancy Rate of Prisons during 2013-2018 Chart – 1.9

16

V. Capacity, Actual Inmate women inmates has decreased by 4.5% Population in Women Jails vis-à- in the same period.. vis Women Inmates in Other Jails during 2013-2018 Capacity of women Inmates in Other Jails (except Women Jails) has increased Capacity of Women Jails has by 11.4% during 2013-2018, the actual increased by 15.9% during 2013- number of women inmates in these jails 2018(status as on 31st December of each has increased by 8.2% during the same year), however the actual number of period.

25000

Figures in % 21668 indicates growth 11.4% 19459 percentage 20000 during 2013- 2018. 15999 14792 8.2% 15000

10000

5593 4827 15.9%

Capacity andAcutal Number Women of Inmates 5000

3396 -4.5% 3243 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Capacity of Women Inmates in 19459 20375 20715 20871 21601 21668 Other Jails Actual No. of Women Inmates in 14792 14680 14849 15376 15854 15999 Other Jails Capacity of Women Jails 4827 4837 4748 5197 5400 5593 Actual No. of Women Inmates in 3396 3001 2985 3122 3019 3243 Woman Jails  As per data provided by States/UTs. Note: Figures as on 31st December of the respective year

Occupancy trend of Women prisoners in Women Vs Other Jail during 2013-2018 Chart – 1.10

17

VI. Women Prisoners Occupancy Rate at national level in 2018 (as on 31st (in %) in Women Jails vis-à-vis December). Similarly, the occupancy rate Women Inmates in Other Jails of women inmates in other jails decreased during 2013-2018 from 76% in 2013 to 73.8% in 2018.

The occupancy rate in women jails has decreased from 70.4% in 2013 to 58%

80.0 76.0 80.0 73.8

70.0 70.0 70.4

60.0 60.0 58.0 50.0 50.0

40.0 40.0 Jails 30.0 30.0

20.0 20.0 Occupancy Occupancy Rate in Women Jails

10.0 10.0

0.0 0.0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Occupancy Rate of Women Inmates in Jails Except Women Occupancy Rate (in %) in 70.4 62.0 62.9 60.1 55.9 58.0 Women Jails Occupancy Rate (in %) of Women Inmates in Other 76.0 72.0 71.7 73.7 73.4 73.8 Jails  As per data provided by States/UTs. Note: Figures as on 31st December of the respective year

Women Prisoners Occupancy Rate during 2013-2018 Chart – 1.11

18