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Chapter-1 Prisons

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Chapter-1 Prisons Chapter – 1 Prisons – Types and Occupancy Introduction year 2018 is the twenty fourth in the series. Prison administration is an Prisons exist at three levels such important component of criminal justice as Taluk level, District level and system. Prison institutions are known by Zonal/Range level and Jails at these different names in different countries like levels are called as Sub Jail, District ‘Correctional Facilities’, ‘Detention Jail and Central Jail respectively. Centre’, ‘Jails’, ‘Remand Centre’ etc. Generally, capacity in terms of There is a paradigm shift in social view infrastructure, available prison staffs & point towards prisoners in last century. powers vested in them, security, facilities Earlier system of prison with punitive to prisoners such as medical, educational attitude where in inmates were forcibly and rehabilitation etc. are progressively confined and deprived a variety of better from Sub jail to Central Jail. freedom as a form of punishment has changed with a change in social State/UT wise Number of prisons, perception towards prison and prisoners. Capacity and Inmate Occupancy in the It is now treated as correction or Country as on 31st December, 2018 improvement facility which itself indicates that there is more emphasis on I. State/UT wise Number of reformation of prisoners than to punish Prisons: them. As on 31st December, 2018 there In last few decades, prison were 1,339 Jails in the country. State of population has increased tremendously Tamil Nadu has the highest number (138 which creates number of challenges out of 1,339) of jails among the States/UTs before prison administration like security followed by Rajasthan (130), Madhya & safety in prison, hygiene issues, Pradesh (130), Andhra Pradesh (105) overcrowding, etc. In recent years the Karnataka (104) and Odisha (91). These Supreme Court of India has come down six States together covers 52.13 % of total heavily on sub-human conditions existing jails in the country as on 31st December, in prisons especially on overcrowding in 2018 (Chart – 1.1). Details on number of prisons. This report contains jails in the States/UTs is given in Table comprehensive information at the 1.1. national level on majority of such aspects of these institutions. This report for the 1 TAMILNADU 138 RAJASTHAN 130 MADHYA PRADESH 130 ANDHRA PRADESH 105 KARNATAKA 104 ODISHA 91 UTTAR PRADESH 71 MAHARASHTRA* 64 WEST BENGAL# 59 BIHAR 58 KERALA 55 TELANGANA 49 CHHATTISGARH 33 ASSAM 31 JHARKHAND 30 GUJARAT 29 PUNJAB 24 HARYANA 19 DELHI 16 JAMMU & KASHMIR 14 HIMACHAL PRADESH 14 TRIPURA 13 UTTARAKHAND 11 NAGALAND 11 MIZORAM 10 MEGHALAYA 5 MANIPUR 5 PUDUCHERRY 4 Total Number of Prisons LAKSHADWEEP 4 1,339 A & N ISLANDS 4 SIKKIM 2 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 2 DAMAN & DIU 1 D & N HAVELI 1 CHANDIGARH 1 GOA 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Number of Jails As per data provided by States/UTs. * Sub jails under the control of Revenue Department is not included; # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Number of Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 (State/UT wise) Chart – 1.1 II. State/UT wise Capacity of (24,095), Punjab (23,488), Tamil Nadu Prisons: (22,792) and Rajasthan (21,892) as on 31st December, 2018. These seven States As on 31st December 2018, total together have 55.83% of the total capacity available capacity of all the prisons in the of all prisons in the country as on 31st country is 3,96,223. Uttar Pradesh has December, 2018 (Chart – 1.2). Details on reported the highest capacity of prisons the capacity of prisons in the States/UTs is (58,914) followed by Bihar (41,441), given in Table 1.2. Madhya Pradesh (28,601), Maharashtra 2 UTTAR PRADESH 58914 BIHAR 41441 MADHYA PRADESH 28601 MAHARASHTRA 24095 PUNJAB 23488 TAMILNADU 22792 RAJASTHAN 21892 WEST BENGAL# 21772 ODISHA 19176 HARYANA 18471 JHARKHAND 16094 KARNATAKA 13711 GUJARAT 13345 CHHATTISGARH 12063 DELHI 10026 ASSAM 8888 ANDHRA PRADESH 8786 TELANGANA 7195 KERALA 6806 UTTARAKHAND 3540 JAMMU & KASHMIR 2660 HIMACHAL PRADESH 2178 TRIPURA 2174 MIZORAM 1601 NAGALAND 1450 MANIPUR 1272 CHANDIGARH 1120 MEGHALAYA 650 GOA 624 Total Capacity of Prisons PUDUCHERRY 416 3,96,223 A & N ISLANDS 309 SIKKIM 246 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 233 D & N HAVELI 70 LAKSHADWEEP 64 DAMAN & DIU 60 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Number of Jails As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Capacity of Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.2 III. States/ UTs wise Inmates Maharashtra (35,884), West Bengal Population in Prison: (23,092) and Punjab (22,486). These six States together contributes 57.1% A total of 4,66,084 prisoners as on (2,66,215 inmates) of total inmates lodged 31st December, 2018 were confined in in various Jails as on 31st December, 2018 various jails across the country. Uttar (Chart – 1.3). State/ UT wise details on Pradesh has lodged highest number of inmate population in prisons is given in Inmates (1,04,011) followed by Madhya Table 1.2. Pradesh (42,057), Bihar (38,685), 3 UTTAR PRADESH 104011 MADHYA PRADESH 42057 BIHAR 38685 MAHARASHTRA 35884 WEST BENGAL# 23092 PUNJAB 22486 JHARKHAND 20629 RAJASTHAN 20134 HARYANA 19270 CHHATTISGARH 18494 ODISHA 16501 DELHI 15468 GUJARAT 14980 KARNATAKA 13944 TAMILNADU 13674 ASSAM 8282 KERALA 7638 ANDHRA PRADESH 6988 TELANGANA 5550 UTTARAKHAND 5311 JAMMU & KASHMIR 3085 HIMACHAL PRADESH 2254 MIZORAM 1677 TRIPURA 1042 CHANDIGARH 1035 MEGHALAYA 933 MANIPUR 920 NAGALAND 442 GOA 435 SIKKIM 387 Total Inmate Population PUDUCHERRY 268 4,66,084 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 245 A & N ISLANDS 184 DAMAN & DIU 59 D & N HAVELI 39 LAKSHADWEEP 1 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Inmates in Number As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Inmate Population in Prisons as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.3 IV. State/UT wise Prison prison inmates. Overcrowding results in Occupancy Rate as on poor hygiene, lack of sleep etc. Keeping in 31st December, 2018 view the human rights of the prisoners, it is essential that they are given reasonable Overcrowding refers to the situation space and facilities in jails. in which more inmates are staying than the sanctioned strength. In recent years, it is Occupancy rate is defined as one of the biggest problems faced by number of inmates staying in jails against 4 the authorized capacity for 100 inmates. In Puducherry (64.4%), Tamil Nadu (60%), other words, if occupancy rate of any jail is Andaman & Nicobar Islands (59.5%), 100, it means the number inmates are as Dadra & Nagar Haveli (55.7%), Tripura per authorized capacity of the jail. (47.9%), Nagaland (30.5%) and Overcrowding in jail means occupancy Lakshadweep (1.6%), though on the rate is more than 100. other dates of the year the occupancy could have been higher or lower also. NCRB is collecting data on occupancy of jail as on 31st December Among the States, Uttar Pradesh 2018 which may not be true reflection of has reported the highest overcrowding occupancy for the whole year, as it may (176.5%) followed by Sikkim (157.3%), vary on day to day basis. Chhattisgarh (153.3%), Uttarakhand (150%), Maharashtra (148.9%), Madhya It is evident from the information Pradesh (147%) and Meghalaya made available by States/UTs regarding (143.5%). Among Union Territories, Delhi population of inmates in various prisons as has reported the highest overcrowding on 31st December, 2018 (Table 1.2) that (154.3%) (Chart 1.4). Occupancy rate in the prison population was manageable at various Jails as on 31st December, 2018 the end of the year 2018 (as on 31st in respect of States/UTs is presented in December, 2018) in 12 States and 6 UTs Table 1.2. as the occupancy rate in these States/UTs remained less than 100%. These States and UTs are Daman & Diu (98.3%), Punjab (95.7%), Bihar (93.3%), Assam (93.2%), Chandigarh (92.4%), Rajasthan (92%), Odisha (86.1%), Andhra Pradesh(79.5%), Telangana (77.1%), Manipur(72.3%), Goa (69.7%), 5 UTTAR PRADESH 176.5 SIKKIM 157.3 DELHI 154.3 CHHATTISGARH 153.3 UTTARAKHAND 150 MAHARASHTRA 148.9 MADHYA PRADESH 147 MEGHALAYA 143.5 JHARKHAND 128.2 JAMMU & KASHMIR 116 GUJARAT 112.3 KERALA 112.2 WEST BENGAL# 106.1 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 105.2 MIZORAM 104.7 HARYANA 104.3 HIMACHAL PRADESH 103.5 KARNATAKA 101.7 DAMAN & DIU 98.3 PUNJAB 95.7 Occupancy Rate (in %) in BIHAR 93.3 ASSAM 93.2 All Prisons: 117.6 CHANDIGARH 92.4 RAJASTHAN 92 ODISHA 86.1 ANDHRA PRADESH 79.5 TELANGANA 77.1 MANIPUR 72.3 GOA 69.7 PUDUCHERRY 64.4 TAMILNADU 60 Occupancy Rate A & N ISLANDS 59.5 D & N HAVELI 55.7 TRIPURA 47.9 NAGALAND 30.5 LAKSHADWEEP 1.6 0 50 100 150 200 As per data provided by States/UTs. # Due to non-receipt of data from West Bengal for 2018, data furnished for 2017 has been used. Prisons Occupancy Rate in States/UTs as on 31st December, 2018 Chart – 1.4 State/UT wise Distribution of Different Schedule VII of the Constitution of India. Types of prisons, their Capacity, Prison Establishments in different Inmates Population and Occupancy States/UTs comprise several tiers of jails. Rate in the Country as on 31st December, 2018 The various type of Jail institutions which are in existence in the States/UTs Types of Prisons are Central jails, District jails and Sub Prison and its administration is a jails.
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