DOCSLIB.ORG

Biological Control Programs of Major Invasive Weeds in the Western Pacific

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biological Control Programs of Major Invasive Weeds in the Western Pacific 25th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference on “Weed Science for Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Biodiversity”, Hyderabad, India during 13-16 October, 2015 old seedlings, the plant biomass above ground was affected to untreated in the exclusion trails, carried out in arid and semi- by the type (TUC: MS662.51, F=120.30, P < 0.001; TUS: arid areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat. MS160.89, F=16.68, P < 0.001; UTUC: MS106.56, F=14.30, P < 0.001; UTUS: MS257.25, F=38.30, P < 0.001). REFERENCES Marohasy J. 1995. Prospects for the biological control of prickly acacia, CONCLUSION Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. (Mimosaceae) in Australia. The various parameters of prickly acacia, V. nilotica Plant Protection Quarterly 10: 24-31. seedlings of different age groups i.e. number of shoots, Palmer WA. 1996. Biological control of Prickly acacia in Australia. pp number of leaves, root length and biomass above ground and 239-242. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference, (Ed. Shepherd RCH). Melbourne: Weed Society of below ground were maximum in treated seedlings as compared Victoria. Biological control programs of major invasive weeds in the Western Pacific R. Muniappan1 and Gadi V.P. Reddy2 1IPM Innovation Lab, Office of International Research, Education & Development, The International Affairs Offices (IAO),Virginia Tech, 526 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; 2Western Triangle Ag Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., MT 59425, USA 2Email: [email protected] Invasive plant species are one of the most serious the gall fly, C. connexa (Reddy et al. 2013). The natural threats to biodiversity and sustainable development in the enemies M. oedipusand A. cocciniae effectively controlled C. Western Pacific. Biological control has proven to be effective grandis in Guam by 2010. However, C. grandis infestation in managing some of the perennial weeds. Lantana camara was still seen in Saipan and Rota. Although H. spinulosa (Verbenaceae) was one of the plants recognized as an established successfully at the release sites on Guam, it has invasive weed by the Invertebrate Consultants Committee for yet to provide significant control of M. diplotricha. Therust the Pacific of the National Research Council and its natural fungus P. spegazzinii introduced in 2011 is yet to be enemies were introduced from Hawaii starting in 1948. The established on Guam. Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) was targeted for biological control in 1983, ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis CONCLUSION (Cucurbitaceae) in 2002, Mimosa diplotricha (Mimosaceae) The biological control programs have provided in 2008, and Micania micrantha (Asteraceae) in 2011. satisfactory (C. coccinia and C. odorata) to adequate (L. METHODOLOGY camara) control of a few invasive weeds in the Western Pacific. However, biological control agents introduced for M. In 1948 and 1949 for biological control of lantana, micrantha and M. diplotricha have either not established or Telenomus scrupulosa (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Epinotida not effective and hence additional efforts for their lantana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Lantnophaga establishment and spread are required. pussillidactyla (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) and Ophiomyia lantanae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) were introduced from REFERENCES Hawaii to Pohnpei (Gardner 1956) and subsequently these Bamba, JP, Miller RH, Reddy GVP and Muniappan R. 2009. Studies on and other agents were introduced to other islands in the biology, host specificity, and feeding behavior of Acythopeius Micronesia. For biological control of C. odorata, the moth cocciniae O’Brien and Pakaluk (Coleoptera: curculionidae) on Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) and Zehneria guamensis introduced from India and Trinidad and became established (Merrill) Fosberg (Cucurbitaceae). Micronesica 41: 70–82. on Guam in the 1980s. The gall fly Cecidochares connexa Cruz, Z.T, Muniappan R and Reddy GVP. 2006. Establishment of (Diptera: Tephritidae) was introduced from Indonesia in 1998 Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Guam and its and established on Guam in 2002 and other Micronesian effect on the growth of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae). islands in succeeding years (Cruz et al. 2006). For biological Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 845–850. control of C. grandis, the natural enemies Acythopeus Gardner TR. 1956. Biological control of insect and plant pests in the cocciniae and Acythopeus burkhartorum (Coleoptera: Trust Territory and Guam. Proceedings of the 10th International Curculionidae) and Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) congress of Entomology 4: 465-469. were introduced to Guam (Muniappan et al. 2009). The two Muniappan R, Reddy GVP and Lai P-Y. 2005.Distribution and biological weevils, A. cocciniae and A. burkhartorum were field control of Chromolaena odorata, pp. 223–233. In: Invasive released in various locations on Guam in 2003 and 2004, Plants: Ecological and Agricultural Aspects (Ed. Inderjit, S.). respectively (Bamba et al. 2009) and M. oedipuswas released Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. in 2007 (Muniappan et al. 2009). The psyllid, Heteropsylla spinulosa (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was collected from Pohnpei Muniappan R, Reddy GVP and Raman A. 2009. Coccinia grandis (L.) and Palau and field released on Guam in 2008 for control of M. Voigt(Cucurbitaceae). pp. 175–182. In: Biological Control of diplotricha. The rust fungus Puccinia spegazziniicollected Tropical Weeds Using Arthropods, Muniappan R, Reddy GVP, and Raman A), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. from Fiji was introduced to Guam in 2011for the control of M. micrantha. Reddy GVP and Kikuchi RS and Muniappan R. 2013. The impact of Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Chromolaena RESULTS odorata (Asteraceae) in Guam. pp. 128-133. In: Zachariades C, A limited suppression of lantana has taken place in Day M, Muniappan R and Strathie L (Eds). Proceedings of the Micronesia. Considerable control of C. odorata was achieved Eighth International Workshop on Biological Control and by the moth, P. pseudoinsulata) (Muniappan et al. 2005) and Management of Chromolaena odorata and other Eupatorieae, Nairobi, Kenya, 1-2 November 2010. ARC, Pretoria, South Africa. 3 9.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Invasive Plants and Their Control in Micronesia.Pdf
    Micronesica Suppl. 6: 85–92, 2002 Invasive Plants and Their Control in Micronesia R. MUNIAPPAN, JUNARD CRUZ AND JESSE BAMBA Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923 USA Abstract—Several plants introduced accidentally or for ornamental pur- poses have established in Micronesia and are considered invasive species. These include: Antigonon leptopus Hooker & Arnott, Bidens pilosa L., Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Cuscuta sp., Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach, Imperata conferta (Presl) Ohwi, Ipomea spp., Lantana camara L., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) deWit, Mikania scandens (L.) Willd., Mimosa (invisa) diplotricha C. Wright ex Suavalle, Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warburg ex Schum. & Lauterb., Momordica charantia L., Panicum maximum Jacquin, Passiflora foetida L., Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schultes, Piper auritum Kunth, Pistia stratiotes L., Raphidophora aurea (Linden ex Andre), Spathodea campanulata P. de Beauvois, and Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitche. The natural enemies introduced to suppress some of these species will be discussed. The accidental or intentional introductions for ornamental and other pur- poses of many herbs, shrubs, vines and trees have had a profound effect on the environment in Micronesia. These plants have become dominant in the ecosys- tem because of the absence of their natural enemies that normally keep them in check. Lee (1974) stated that invading plants originating in the New World out- number those from the Old World in Guam. He found the invading species of plants were 3.4% in limestone forest, 9.4% in ravine forest, 13.3% in savanna, 17.3% in strand and 32.4% in wetlands ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Ivy Gourd (495)
    Pacific Pests, Pathogens and Weeds - Online edition Ivy gourd (495) Common Name Ivy gourd. It is also known as the scarlet-fruited gourd, little gourd, scarlet gourd. Scientific Name Coccinia grandis; previously, it was known as Bryonia grandis, Coccinia cordifolia. It is a member of the Cucurbitaceae. Distribution Africa, Asia, North America, the Caribbean, Oceania. It is recorded from Australia, Federated Photo 1. Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis, growing States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, over vegetation and a building (Saipan, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. It is a native of East Africa. Northern Mariana Islands). Invasiveness & Habitat An aggressive, fast-growing perennial vine smothering crops and natural vegetation, including shrubs and small trees (Photos 1&2). Common in abandoned gardens, wastelands, disturbed areas, including roadsides. Global distribution suggests it favours seasonally dry tropics. It occurs up to 1100 masl. Note, even in places where it does not set seed (e.g., Guam), it is still an aggressive weed. Description Stems of several metres long, free of hairs, growing from tuberous side roots serving as storage organs. Leaves alternate along the stems, heart-shaped to 5-lobed, up to 10 cm long and wide, hairy below (Photo 3). Tendrils from leaf axils assist climbing (Photo 6). Male and female flowers on separate plants, on 1-5 cm stalks from leaf axils, single, white, trumpet-shaped, 3-5 cm long, with five oval lobes, and five leaf-like structures (bracts) below (Photo 4). Fruits, smooth, green at Photo 2. Dense cover of ivy gourd, Coccinia first, then bright red, 2.5-6 cm, with light brown seeds (Photos 5-7).
    [Show full text]
  • A Non-Indigenous Moth for Control of Ivy Gourd, Coccinia Grandis
    United States Department of Field Release of Agriculture Marketing and Melittia oedipus Regulatory Programs Animal and (Lepidoptera: Sessidae), a Plant Health Inspection Service Non-indigenous Moth for Control of Ivy Gourd, Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae), in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands Draft Environmental Assessment, April 2006 Field Release of Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sessidae), a Non- indigenous Moth for Control of Ivy Gourd, Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae), in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands Draft Environmental Assessment April 2006 Agency Contact: Joseph Vorgetts Pest Permit Evaluations Branch Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road, Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737–1236 Telephone: 301–734–8758 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202–720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Host Specificity of Melittia Oedipus Control Agent of Coccinia
    Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soe. (2001) 35:85-93 85 Biology and Host Specificity of Melittia oedipus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a Biological Control Agent of Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) Marianne Early Chun Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Plant Pest Control Branch 1428 South King Street, Honolulu. Hawaii 96814. USA Abstract A discussion of the host range testing and a brief description of the biology of Melittia oedipus Oberthiir (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) are presented. This clearwing moth was introduced into Hawaii from Kenya to combat ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae), a noxious vine of East African origin. Host range testing consisted of two parts: exposure of potted plants to adult M. oedipus to test oviposition preference, and placement of fertile eggs or neonate larvae on plants to test larval feeding and development. Test results indicated that M. oedipus is specific to ivy gourd. In larval feeding tests, a very small number of adults completed development on cu cumber (Cucumis sativus) vines. However, oviposition choice tests showed that under field conditions, M. oedipus females would be highly unlikely to lay eggs on cucum ber. Since M. oedipus was released on the island of Oahu in 1996, there has been no record of attack on cucumber or any other nontarget plant. Key words: biological control, Coccinia grandis, Cucurbitaceae, Melittia oedipus, Sesiidae Introduction Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae), is a perennial vine that has in vaded lowland areas of the Hawaiian Islands in recent years. It is native to Africa but also occurs wild in the Indo-Malayan region (Singh 1990) and is naturalized in parts of Austra lia, the Caribbean, the southern United States, and several Pacific Islands, including Hawaii (Telford 1990, Linney 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographia Sesiidarum Orbis Terrarum (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Salzkammergut Jahr/Year: 2000 Band/Volume: 2000 Autor(en)/Author(s): Pühringer Franz Artikel/Article: Bibliographia Sesiidarum orbis terrarum (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) 73-146 ©Salzkammergut Entomologenrunde; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt.Ent.Arb.gem.Salzkammergut 3 73-146 31.12.2000 Bibliographia Sesiidarum orbis terrarum (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) Franz PÜHRINGER Abstract: A list of 3750 literature references covering the Sesiidae of the world is presented, based on the Record of Zoological Literature, the Zoological Record and Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Pars 31, Aegeriidae (DALLA TORRE & STRAND 1925) as well as cross references found in the cited literature. Key words: Lepidoptera, Sesiidae, world literature. Einleitung: Die Literatur über die Schmetterlingsfamilie der Glasflügler (Sesiidae) ist weit verstreut und mittlerweile auch bereits recht umfangreich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Weltliteratur der Sesiiden zusammenzutragen und aufzulisten. Grundlage dafür waren alle erschienenen Bände des Record of Zoological Literature, Vol. 1-6 (1864-1869), fortgesetzt als Zoological Record, Vol. 7-135 (1870-1998/99) sowie der Lepidopterorum Catalogus, Pars 31, Aegeriidae (DALLA TORRE & STRAND 1925). Darauf aufbauend wurden alle Querverweise in den Literaturverzeichnissen der zitierten Arbeiten geprüft. Aufgenommen wurden nicht nur Originalarbeiten über Sesiidae, sondern auch faunistische Arbeiten, die Angaben über Sesiidae enthalten, da gerade in solchen Arbeiten oft sehr wertvolle Freilandbeobachtungen und Hinweise zur Biologie der entsprechenden Arten zu finden sind. Auf diese Weise sind bisher 3750 Literaturzitate zusammengekommen. Von diesen konnten jedoch erst 1461 (39 %) überprüft werden. Das sind jene Arbeiten, die sich als Original oder Kopie in meiner Bibliothek befinden.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductions for Biological Control in Hawaii 1997–2001
    BPROCIOLOGICAL. HAWAIIAN CONTROL ENTOMOL IN H. SAWAIIOC. (2003), 1997–2001 36:145–153 145 Introductions for Biological Control in Hawaii 1997–2001 Thomas W. Culliney1, Walter T. Nagamine, and Kenneth K. Teramoto Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Plant Pest Control Branch 1428 South King Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, U.S.A. 1Correspondence: T.W. Culliney, USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 1017 Main Campus Dr., Ste. 2500, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA Abstract. Introductions and releases of natural enemies for the biological control of agricultural and forest pests in Hawaii are discussed for the period 1997-2001. Sixteen insect and five fungal species were introduced, released, or redistributed by the Ha- waii Department of Agriculture for the control of six weeds (Clidemia hirta, Coccinia grandis, Miconia calvescens, Myrica faya, Senecio madagascariensis, and Ulex europaeus) and four insect pests (Aleurocanthus woglumi, Bemisia argentifolii, Pentalonia nigronervosa, and Sipha flava). Key words: biological control, Hawaii In its role as the state’s lead agency for classical biological control, the Plant Pest Control Branch of the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) has maintained a program for the introduction and release of beneficial organisms for the past 100 years. This paper, the latest in a series, provides information on the status of some pests and their introduced natural enemies, and a list of natural enemies released for biological control in Hawaii from 1997 through 2001 (Table 1). All introductions are thoroughly studied and screened under quar- antine following established protocols, and must be approved by the state Board of Agricul- ture and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service before they can be released in Hawaii.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Ivy Gourd, Coccinia Grandis (Cucurbitaceae), in Hawai'i
    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF IVY GOURD, COCCINIA GRANDIS (CUCURBITACEAE), IN HAWAI'I Marianne E. Chun Hawai'i Department of Agriculture, 1428 S. King St., Honolulu, HI 96814, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Three insect blologlcal control agents collected in Kenya have beer1 introduced ir~to Hawai'i to combat the exotic weed ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis). The clearwing moth, Melittia oedipus, was released in 1996. The larvae of this moth bore into the mature vines and roots of ivy gourd. It is now established in Hawai'i. Two additional agents, which belong to a group known as the African melon weevils, were released in 1999. The first, Acflhopeus burkharkrum, forms galls on young shoots. The second, A. cocciniae, mines ivy gourd leaves. Aspects of the project, including host range testing are discussed. Key words: Acythopeus burkhadomm, Acythopeus cocciniae, Coccinia gmndis, Cucurbitaceae, Curculionidae, Meliffia oedipus, Sesiidae INTRODUCTION Ivy gourd, Coccinia gmndis (L.) Voigt (Violales, Cucurbitaceae), is an aggressive vine that has become a serious weed in lowland areas of Hawai'i, particularly on the island of O'ahu and on the Kona coast of the island of Hawai'i. It is native to Africa and has been present in the Indo-Malayan region of Asia for many centuries (Burkhart 1993, Singh 1990). It is also naturalized in parts of Australia, the Caribbean, the southern United States and several Pacific islands (Linney 1986, Telford 1990). Ivy gourd was first collected on the slopes of Punchbowl, Honolulu, In 1968 and Its presence in the state can probably be attributed to several independent introductions by immigrants from Southeast Asia where ivy gourd is used for food and medicinal purposes (Nagata 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), and Potential for Biological Control of Senecio Madagascariensis (Asteraceae) M
    J. Appl. Entomol. Host range of Secusio extensa (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), and potential for biological control of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae) M. M. Ramadan1, K. T. Murai1 & T. Johnson2 1 State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 2 Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Volcano, Hawaii, USA Keywords Abstract Host range, Secusio extensa, Senecio madagascariensis Secusio extensa (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was evaluated as a potential bio- logical control agent for Madagascar fireweed, Senecio madagascariensis Correspondence (Asteraceae), which has invaded over 400 000 acres of rangeland in the Mohsen M. Ramadan (corresponding author), Hawaiian Islands and is toxic to cattle and horses. The moth was intro- State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, duced from southeastern Madagascar into containment facilities in Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 South King Hawaii, and host specificity tests were conducted on 71 endemic and Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, USA. E-mail: [email protected] naturalized species (52 genera) in 12 tribes of Asteraceae and 17 species of non-Asteraceae including six native shrubs and trees considered key Received: September 15, 2009; accepted: components of Hawaiian ecosystems. No-choice feeding tests indicated April 6, 2010. that plant species of the tribe Senecioneae were suitable hosts with first instars completing development to adult stage on S. madagascariensis doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01536.x (78.3%), Delairea odorata (66.1%), Senecio vulgaris (57.1%), Crassoceph- alum crepidioides (41.2%), and at significantly lower rates on Emilia fos- bergii (1.8%) and Erechtites hieracifolia (1.3%). A low rate of complete larval development also was observed on sunflower, Helianthus annuus (11.6%), in the tribe Heliantheae.
    [Show full text]
  • (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Coccinia Grandis. Available
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Coccinia grandis Coccinia grandis System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Violales Cucurbitaceae Common name kundru (English, Fiji), kiuri awia (English, Marshall Islands), ivy gourd (English), aipikohr (English, Pohnpei), scarlet-fruited gourd (English) Synonym Bryonia grandis , L. Coccinia cordifolia , auct. non (L.) Cogn. Bryonia grandis , L. Coccinia cordifolia , (L.) Cogn.var. alceifolia(Willd.) Cogn. Cephalandra indica , Naudin Coccinia cordifolia , (L.) Cogn.var. wightiana (M.Roem.) Cogn. Coccinia grandis , (L.) Voigt var. wightiana(M.Roem.) Greb. Coccinia indica , Wight & Arn. Coccinia loureiriana , M.Roem. Coccinia wightiana , M.Roem. Cucumis pavel , Kostel. Momordica bicolor , Blume Momordica covel , Dennst. Momordica monadelpha , Roxb. Bryonia alceifolia , Willd Similar species Summary Coccinia grandis is a noxious vine that smothers vegetation and other objects forming a dense canopy. It acts as a host for melon fly and is a reservoir for other crop pests possibly including ring spot virus. It has become invasive in Guam, Saipan and Hawai‘i where it is a severe pest in gardens, on utility poles, roadsides, and in natural areas. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Coccinia grandis. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=348 [Accessed 07 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Coccinia grandis Species Description \"Dioecious perennial herbaceous vine. Stems mostly glabrous, produced annually from a tuberous rootstock; tendrils simple, axillary. Leaves alternate, simple, blade broadly ovate, 5- lobed, 5-9 x 4-9cm, acute and mucronate at the apex, cordate with a broad sinus at the base; surfaces glabrous or scaly, with 3-8 glands near the base; margins denticulate; petiole 1-5cm long.
    [Show full text]
  • Ivy Gourd (495)
    Pacific Pests, Pathogens and Weeds - Online edition Ivy gourd (495) Summary Worldwide distribution. In Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu. Aggressive, fast-growing vine, smothers crops (e.g., sugarcane) and native vegetation, including shrubs, small trees. Common in abandoned gardens, wastelands, roadsides. Environmental weed preventing regeneration of native plants, and impacting diversity. Indirect impacts: host of several important insect pests (cucumber moth, pumpkin beetle, melon fly, aphids, bugs, leafminers, whiteflies). Photo 1. Ivy gourd, Coccinia grandis, growing Long vines from tuberous roots. Leaves alternate, heart-shaped to 5-lobed, hairy below. over vegetation and a building (Saipan, Tendrils assist climbing. Separate male and female plants; flowers on stalks up to 5cm, Northern Mariana Islands). white, five lobes; fruits, smooth, red with brown seeds. Spread: tuberous roots and stem pieces; seeds by birds, rodents, possibly pigs. Long distance, medicinal and culinary uses. Biosecurity: note, a medicine and a food. Biocontrol: stem-boring moth (Melittia oedipus) and leaf-mining beetle (Acythopeus cocciniae) released. Cultural control: hand-pulling, removing underground storage roots, collecting and burning stem pieces. Avoid slashing, unless all stem pieces collected. Chemical control: in Australia, 2,4-D; 2,4-D + picloram; dicamba; MCPA; triclorpyr; triclorpyr + picloram; triclorpyr + picloram + aminopyralid. Glyphosate, elsewhere. Common Name Ivy gourd. It is also known as the scarlet-fruited gourd, little gourd, scarlet gourd. Photo 2. Dense cover of ivy gourd, Coccinia Scientific Name grandis (Hawaii). Coccinia grandis; previously, it was known as Bryonia grandis, Coccinia cordifolia. It is a member of the Cucurbitaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • SMALL BUSINESS TASK FORCE on Regulatory Relief
    Small Business Regulatory Review Board Meeting Wednesday, August 15, 2018 10:00 a.m. No. 1 Capitol District Building 250 South Hotel Street, Honolulu, HI Conference Room 436 SMALL BUSINESS REGULATORY REVIEW BOARD Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism (DBEDT) Tel 808 586-2594 No. 1 Capitol District Bldg., 250 South Hotel St. 5th Fl., Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 2359, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Email: [email protected] Website: dbedt.hawaii.gov/sbrrb AGENDA Wednesday, August 15, 2018 10:00 a.m. David Y. Ige Governor No. 1 Capitol District Building 250 South Hotel Street - Conference Room 436 Luis P. Salaveria DBEDT Director I. Call to Order Members II. Approval of July 18, 2018 Meeting Minutes Anthony Borge Chairperson III. New Business Oahu Robert Cundiff A. Discussion and Action on Proposed New Rules and Regulations for Kauai Vice Chairperson County Code Section 18-5.3, Revocable Permits to Vend within County Oahu Right-of-Ways, promulgated by Department of Parks and Recreation / Garth Yamanaka nd County of Kauai – Discussion Leader – Will Lydgate 2 Vice Chairperson Hawaii IV. Old Business Harris Nakamoto Oahu A. Discussion and Action on the Small Business Statement After Public Hearing Nancy Atmospera-Walch and Proposed Amendments to Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR) of Oahu Chapter 162, Food Safety Certification Costs Grant Program, Reg Baker promulgated by Department of Agriculture (DOA) – Discussion Leader – Oahu Robert Cundiff / Will Lydgate Mary Albitz Maui B. Discussion and Action on the Small Business Statement After Public Hearing William Lydgate and Proposed Amendments of HAR Title 4 Chapter 71, Plant and Non- Kauai Domestic Animal Quarantine, Non-Domestic Animal Import Rules, Director, DBEDT promulgated by DOA – Discussion Leader – Robert Cundiff / Will Lydgate Voting Ex Officio V.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Prospects for Biological Control of Invasive Weeds In
    Evaluating prospects for biological control of invasive weeds in Melanesia: A report on the ACIAR-funded workshop held at the Novotel Hotel, Nadi, Fiji, 25-27th November 2013 Michael Day Senior Entomologist Biosecurity Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Ecosciences Precinct GPO Box 267, Brisbane, 4001 Qld [email protected] A workshop was held at the Novotel Hotel, Nadi, Fiji from 25-27th November 2013 to prioritise weeds that could be included in a possible future ACIAR-funded regional biocontrol project (Appendix 1). It was attended by 18 people, representing 12 organisations in eight countries. Caress Whippy and Joeli Uluinayau, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) provided valuable logistical support (Appendix 2). Day 1 Wednesday, 25th November 2013 The meeting was opened by Tony Gunua, SPC, followed by an address by Richard Markham, ACIAR Program Manager, Pacific Crops. Participants were asked what they can contribute to the workshop, as well as what they hoped they could gain from the workshop. Most thought they appreciated the opportunity to get together with researchers from other countries and organisations in the region and have the opportunity to provide input into developing a regional biocontrol program. Dick Watling, Nature Fiji Mareqeti Viti, gave a presentation on the perceptions of Spathodea campanulata. He presented a case that the species was not invasive and not having any impact on biodiversity, forestry or agriculture. He said that there has not been any research conducted to quantify impacts of this species, positive or negative. Therefore, before a decision on biocontrol of African tulip tree is made, research should be conducted to understand the role of this species in the landscape.
    [Show full text]