Religious Freedom As a Basic Human Right •fi the Jewish Perspective

Tel Aviv University Law School Tel Aviv University Law Faculty Papers

Year  Paper 

Religious Freedom As A Basic Human Right – The Jewish Perspective

Asher Maoz∗

∗Tel Aviv University, [email protected] This working paper is hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) and may not be commer- cially reproduced without the permission of the copyright holder. http://law.bepress.com/taulwps/art47 Copyright c 2007 by the author. Religious Freedom As A Basic Human Right – The Jewish Perspective

Asher Maoz

Abstract

This short essay examines the place of religious freedom within Judaism. It exam- ines both tolerance towards other religions and tolerance towards deviation from religious principles within the Jewish community. Since there are various views in Judaism, the paper endeavors to describe the attitude of mainstream contempo- rary Judaism.

Although there were some periods of massive, even forcible, conversion to Ju- daism in the past, Judaism is essentially a non-missionary religion. While con- version to Judaism is possible, there is an ostensible reluctance to permit even the conversion of individuals, let alone mass conversion.

All mankind was given the seven Noahide commandments, which are comprised of basic moral tenets. At a later stage the Jews were given the Torah on Mt. Sinai, which is binding only upon them. Only at ”the end of the days” will the law will go out of Zion to all the peoples. Until then gentiles who follow the Noahide commandments are regarded as the ”righteous among the nations”. Judaic teach- ings distinguish, moreover, between idolatry that involves moral corruption and monotheistic faiths, which are highly respected.

Judaism does not recognize freedom of religion for its members. It does sanc- tion, however, freedom within religion. Judaic teachings are replete with diverse opinions, all of them regarded “words of the living God.” Moreover, Judaism lacks a central institute that renders decisions on controversial issues. However, when rules are laid down, in accordance with established guidelines, one is not free to infringe them. Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press http://law.bepress.com/taulwps/art47 Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press http://law.bepress.com/taulwps/art47 Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press http://law.bepress.com/taulwps/art47 Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press http://law.bepress.com/taulwps/art47 Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press http://law.bepress.com/taulwps/art47 Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press