HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 7 Contested body ContestedContested bodybody Annette Potgieter MetaphorsMetaphors ofof dominiondominion inin RomansRomans 5–85–8 Annette Potgieter HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 7 Contested body Metaphors of dominion in Romans 5–8 Published by AOSIS Books, an imprint of AOSIS Publishing. AOSIS Publishing 15 Oxford Street, Durbanville 7550, Cape Town, South Africa Postnet Suite #110, Private Bag X19, Durbanville 7551, South Africa Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Website: https://www.aosis.co.za Copyright © Annette Potgieter. Licensee: AOSIS (Pty) Ltd The moral right of the author has been asserted. Cover image: Original design created with the use of provided image. The image is https://www.pexels.com/photo/ jesus-christ-stained-glass-artwork-208331/, used under the Pexels License (please refer to the Terms of Use). Published in 2020 Impression: 1 ISBN: 978-1-928523-67-3 (print) ISBN: 978-1-928523-68-0 (epub) ISBN: 978-1-928523-69-7 (pdf) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/aosis.2020.BK248 How to cite this work: Potgieter, A., 2020, ‘Contested body: Metaphors of dominion in Romans 5–8’, in HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 7, pp. i–262, AOSIS, Cape Town. HTS Religion & Society Series ISSN: 2617-5819 Series Editor: Andries G. van Aarde Printed and bound in South Africa. Listed in OAPEN (http://www.oapen.org), DOAB (http://www.doabooks.org/) and indexed by Google Scholar. Some rights reserved. This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 South Africa (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 ZA), a copy which is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/za/. 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HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 7 Contested body Metaphors of dominion in Romans 5–8 Annette Potgieter Religious Studies domain editorial board at AOSIS Commissioning Editor Andries van Aarde MA, DD, PhD, D Litt, South Africa Board Members Warren Carter, Professor of New Testament, Brite Divinity School, Fort Worth, United States Christian Danz, Dekan der Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Wien and Ordentlicher Universität professor für Systematische Theologie und Religionswissenschaft, University of Vienna, Austria Pieter G.R. de Villiers, Associate Editor, Extraordinary Professor in Biblical Spirituality, Faculty of Theology, University of the Free State, South Africa Musa W. Dube, Department of Theology & Religious Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Botswana, Botswana David D. Grafton, Professor of Islamic Studies and Christian-Muslim Relations, Duncan Black Macdonald Center for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Hartford Seminary, Hartford, Connecticut, United States Jens Herzer, Theologische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Germany Jeanne Hoeft, Dean of Students and Associate Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pastoral Care, Saint Paul School of Theology, United States Dirk J. Human, Associate Editor, Deputy Dean and Professor of Old Testament Studies, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, South Africa D. Andrew Kille, Former Chair of the SBL Psychology and Bible Section, and Editor of the Bible Workbench, San Jose, United States William R.G. Loader, Emeritus Professor Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Isabel A. Phiri, Associate General Secretary for Public Witness and Diakonia, World Council of Churches, Geneva, Switzerland Marcel Sarot, Emeritus, Professor of Fundamental Theology, Tilburg School of Catholic Theology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands Corneliu C. Simut, Professor of Historical and Dogmatic Theology, Emanuel University, Oradea, Bihor, Romania Rothney S. Tshaka, Professor and Head of Department of Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Elaine M. Wainwright, Emeritus Professor School of Theology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Executive Leader, Mission and Ministry, McAuley Centre, Australia Gerald West, Associate Editor, School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics in the College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Peer review declaration The publisher (AOSIS) endorses the South African ‘National Scholarly Book Publishers Forum Best Practice for Peer Review of Scholarly Books’. The manuscript was subjected to rigorous two-step peer review prior to publication, with the identities of the reviewers not revealed to the author(s). The reviewers were independent of the publisher and/ or authors in question. The reviewers commented positively on the scholarly merits of the manuscript and recommended that the manuscript be published. Where the reviewers recommended revision and/or improvements to the manuscript, the authors responded adequately to such recommendations. Research Justification Paul’s letter to the Romans, particularly Romans 5–8, is permeated with metaphors of dominion, as words such as rule (βασιλεύω, κυριεύω), enslave (δουλεύω) and liberate (ἐλευθερόω) continually surface. Paul lived in a world where the perception prevailed that people were constantly under the dominion of someone, whether that be a conqueror, a lord, heavenly powers or gods. The modern idea of being autonomous is somewhat foreign when ancient mentality is purveyed. However, from Paul’s vantage point, the idea of being dominated is not problematical but rather the incumbent ruler. Paul employs a myriad of images to persuade his auditors that the body of a believer should be a space that is dominated by God. This study uses conceptual metaphor theory as well as the historical research method to discern metaphors of dominion as well as these metaphors implied spatiality within the argument of Romans 5–8. In recent decades, it has come to light that metaphors are not mere decorative devices but are in fact pervasive to language. We think in terms of metaphors and it has become such a part of our world that we do it without even being actively aware of it. Paul draws on imagery from his time and situation to persuade his audience that there is no force or power that can separate believers from the love of God. For Paul, Jesus Christ ‘our’ Lord should be the ruler of believers’ bodies. Intrinsic to the unfolding concept of dominion within Paul’s argument is that it entails a specific space. A change in hegemony results in change in the status of the dominated space and object. It becomes clear within Romans 5–8 that there is a specific focus on the change of lordship and it is specifically located in the human body. Believers’ positioning within the frame of hegemony is important as it contributes to our understanding of how the first Christians related to dominion and space. Within the plenitude of Pauline studies, Contested body: Metaphors of dominion in Romans 5–8 provides a cohesive scholarly investigation of metaphors of dominion employed by Paul. The book advances the understanding that the body is the specific space where forces vie in Romans 5–8. This scholarly book results from research done at the Graduate School of Ancient Languages and Texts, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, in Berlin as well as research conducted as a member of Topoi Excellence cluster C2 (Metaphors and Space) research group. It represents an original and innovative contribution to New Testament scholarship and contains no plagiarism. Annette Potgieter, Hugenote Kollege, Wellington, South Africa; Department of New Testament and Related Literature, Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Contents Abbreviations and Tables Appearing in the Text and Notes xi List of Abbreviations xi List of Tables xi Biographical Note xiii Acknowledgement xv Chapter 1: Paul, metaphors and persuasion 1 Introduction: Rationale 1 Paul and discourse 3 Romans and rhetoric 4 Diatribe 5 Research history 6 Methodology 10 Conceptual metaphor theory 10 Identifying metaphors 11 Metaphors and discourse 12 Metaphors as tools of persuasiveness in discourse 13 Mental models 14 Metaphor versus reality 15 Outline 15 Chapter 2: Metaphors of dominion 17 Introduction 17 Metaphors of dominion and space 17 Orientational metaphors 18 Defining parameters for space and dominion 20 Ontological metaphors 23 Personification 24 The source domain of Sin 24 The source domain of Death 27 The source domain of Favour 28 The source domain of Law 29 Container metaphors 30 Other metaphors of dominion 31 The slavery metaphor 31 The marriage analogy 33 Integrating metaphors of dominion 34 vii Contents Chapter 3: Perlocution in Romans 5–8 (exegetical analyses) 35 Introduction 35 From enemies to friends (Rm 5:1–11) 37 To have peace with God (Rm 5:1–5) 37 Detail