Conservation Management Zones of Australia

South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image Credits Front Cover: Jamison Valley, Blue Mountains – Sue Wright, Tourism Australia Page 4: Great Otway National Park – James Lauritz, copyright Tourism Victoria Page 10: Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) – Trent Browning Page 17: Sunset over Signal Peak, Grampians National Park – Gav Owen Page 25: Genoa Peak, Croajingolong National Park – Paul Sinclair, copyright Tourism Victoria Page 26: Leadbeater’s Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) – Dan Harley Page 28: Giant Gippsland Earthworm (Megacsolides australis) – Alan Yen Page 29: Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) – Frank Lemckert Page 30: Southern Bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii) – Steve Bourne Page 35: Twelve Apostles, Port Campbell National Park – Paoli Smith, copyright Great Ocean Road Marketing Page 43: Yarra Ranges National Park – Graham Scheer, Magray Images, copyright Tourism Victoria Page 44: Eucalyptus woodlands with tussock grass, Murray-Sunset National Park – John Baker Page 45: Eucalyptus tall open forests with ferns, herbs, sedges, rushes or wet tussock grasses (Eucalyptus regnans) – Patche99z Page 46: Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey, Eurobodalla National Park – Murray Fagg Page 47: Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey, Nattai National Park – R Nicolai Page 48: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey, Thirlmere Lakes National Park – R Nicolai Page 49: Temperate tussock grasslands Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain – Department of the Environment Back Cover: Jamison Valley, Blue Mountains – Sue Wright, Tourism Australia

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

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Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2 Introduction ��2 Zone at a glance ��3 Population characteristics ��6 Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13 Zone vegetation characteristics �� 16 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands �� 18 World and National Heritage ��22 Major National Reserve System properties ��23 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 24 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 26 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species ��34 Threatened endemic species �� 36 Invasive species ��40 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 43

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Zone at a glance

Area of zone: Population density: 22,984,191 hectares

% of Australia: 35.55 people 2.98% per square kilometre

Zone population characteristics Zone employment characteristics 10,000,000

8,420,754 4.5% 8,000,000

6,000,000

Number of people 4,000,000

2,000,000

otal T er 65 Ov a second language English as

ndigenous 95.5% I outh (15–24) Y

Employed Unemployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Major cities and towns Population Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions) Albury – Wodonga 84,982 Dairy $1,888 Ballarat 95,021 Beef $1,461 Bathurst 34,124 Lamb $956 Bendigo 88,668 Vegetables for consumption $728 Canberra-Queenbeyan 411,609 Wool $713 Cowra-Young-Yass 22,204 Total value of agricultural Geelong 179,042 commodities (including other $8,714 commodities not listed here) Goulburn 21,460 Melbourne 4,246,345 Melton 45,688 Climate characteristics* NSW South Coast 39,178 Mean annual temperature 12.7 Celsius Orange 34,996 Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 26.2 Celsius Pakenham 32,916 Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 1.8 Celsius Sale 12,764 Mean Annual Rainfall 797.9 mm Sunbury 33,045 Dominant rainfall season Winter Traralgon-Morwell 40,602 Wagga Wagga 53,832 * The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Warranambool 33,024 Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? Warragul-Drouin 31,280 International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package). Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/ Murray Local Land Services (LLS) NSW Riverina LLS NSW South East LLS NSW Corangamite Catchment VIC Management Authority (CMA) East Gippsland CMA VIC Glenelg-Hopkins CMA VIC Goulburn-Broken CMA VIC North Central CMA VIC North East CMA VIC Port Philip and Westernport CMA VIC West Gippsland CMA VIC

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

4 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Native Title area National Reserve System area

6% 14%

94% 86%

Native Title area Other area NRS area Other area

Native vegetation clearance level Number of threatened species by class

12 12 13 1 2 18 4 3

49% 51% 32

224

Cleared (ha) Uncleared (ha) Plants Birds Mammals Reptiles Frogs Fish Insects Sharks Other Crustaceans

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

Vulnerable species 174

Endangered species 120

Critically endangered species 25

Conservation dependent 2

Migratory species 73

Threatened ecological 15 communities

0.0 34.8 69.6 104.4 139.2 174.0

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

5 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Population characteristics

Population

Population by age group Indigenous population by age group

3% 13% 19% 19%

40%

14% 32% 17%

22% 21%

0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Farmer and farm managers by age group Gender of farmers and farm managers

15% 27% 11,276

26,238

55%

15–24 years 25–39 years Male Female 40–64 years 65 years and over

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

6 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Languages spoken at home English 67.13% Other languages 28.01% Not stated 4.66%

Non-English languages spoken at home* Indigenous languages spoken at home**

3% 3% 6% 19.88% 20.09% 2.49% 1% 0.03% 0.18% 3% 0.01% 0.01% 1% 1.77% 1.59% 1%

9.48%

14.51%

15.56% 83% 14.43%

Northern European Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch) Southern European Yolngu Matha Eastern European Cape York Peninsula Languages Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic Torres Strait Island Languages Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran Northern Desert Fringe Area Languages South-East Asian Arandic East Asian Western Desert Language Other Australian Indigenous Languages Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander American (Indigenous) ** Please note, these gures are based on the proportion African of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Paci c / Oceanic Invented language Sign language * Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

7 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Education

Highest level of educational attainment Highest level of educational attainment – total population – Indigenous community

45% 45%

40% 40%

35% 35%

30% 30%

25% 25%

20% 20%

15% 15%

10% 10%

5% 5% 0% 0% l l e e e e w w ve ve Le Le ti cat ti cat /Not stated /Not stated ti cate ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 ears 11 and 12 Y Y Cer Cer ears 10 or belo ears 10 or belo Y Y Diploma and Diploma and School School nadequately described nadequately described I I School School No Educational Attainment No Educational Attainment Bachelor Degr Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer Diploma & Graduate Cer P P 15–24 years 25–39 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Highest level of educational attainment Post-school qualication types* – farmers and farm managers 500,000 50%

45% 400,000 40% 35% 300,000 30%

25% 200,000 20%

15% 100,000 10%

5% 0 0% l e e w ve 65 years Le ti cat and above /Not stated 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 Y Cer ears 10 or belo Y Natural and Physical Sciences Diploma and School

nadequately described Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies I School

No Educational Attainment Health and education Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer

P Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts 15–24 years 25–39 years Information Technology, Management 40–64 years 65 years and over and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali cations of mixed eld, quali cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali cation). Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

8 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Employment status of general population* Employment by industry

100% 3% 8% 10% 80% 1% 2% 60% 14% 23% 40%

20%

0% 19%

15% 65 years

and above 7% 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old

Employed Agriculture, forestry and sheries Unemployed Mining Not in labour force or not stated Manufacturing Utilities, construction and transport Employment* Please note the %status gures are of relative general to each population* of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are Employmentaggregates of the following status Au ofstra Indigenouslian Bureau of Statis population*tics categories: Employed = Employed full-time;Health, Employed Social par Assistance,t-time; Education and training and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time 100%100% Public administration and safety work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the populationWholesale that is not and of r etail trade 80% working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for Serthisvices report, 80%as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population. Food, accommodation, arts and recreation Unknown/not stated 60%60%

40%40%

20%20%

0% 0% 65 years 65 years and above and above ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous I I I I 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old 15–24 years old 40–64 years old 25–39 years old

EmployeEmployed d UnemployeUnemployed d Not Notin labour in labour force fo orrce not or statednot stated * Please note the % gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

9 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Volunteering Income

Volunteering rates Total household income (% of households)*

80%

70% 10.3% 20.0% 60% 6.1% 50%

40%

30% 15.8% 20%

10%

47.7% 65 years and above 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old

Not a volunteer Under $20,800 $20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999 Volunteer Over $104,000 Not Stated/Partially Stated Not stated or not applicable * Please note these gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome. nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430 In the 2011–12 nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax Oset. Human Services applied the following de nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

10 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, shing, forestry and downstream industries

Agriculture industries (production) 50,748

79 Agriculture downstream industries, including services, 103,890 food and beverage

Fishing industry, including production and downstream 204 seafood processing 1,657 and wholesaling 83 Forestry industry, including production, logging, sawmilling 34,388 and downstream wood and paper product manufacturing

Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^ $2,000

$1,800

$1,600

$1,400

$1,200

$1,000 illions M $800

$600

$400

$200

$0 y y rk ool ruit ops Ha Po F Beef Nuts Eggs W Dair Lamb e cr or seed or grain Oilseeds oadacr Cereals for grain egume f or consumption L egetables f V ther br O Nurseries and cut owers egetables f V

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

11 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

Feral animal control* Native vegetation protection and regeneration* (% of agricultural holdings) (% of agricultural holdings) 100% 8%

90% 7% 80% 6% 70% 5% 60%

50% 4%

40% 3% 30% 2% 20% 1% 10% 0% 0% ) e ol tio n ther O essur ral goats Fe eral animals cluding stock of f No management ther (unspeci ed Managing weeds eral animal contr f O Stopping mechanical or chemical destruc Reducing grazing pr encing o /ex F

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

Sought advice when adopting Sources of advice**^ native vegetation management**

16.72% s s s s s s s No No No No No No No Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye 83.28% oup oup gion nment ch and ver tion gr e or farmer rmer gr Go Resear Fa A/NRM re tension o cer oduc ex CM pr ivate consultant or agribusiness agent eers or neighbours Landcar employed facilitator P Pr

Yes No elopment Corporation Dev

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only. ^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice. For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

12 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure Land use

2% 2% 6%

0.25% 0.1% 30.07% 7% 0.4% 0.5% 37.57%

46%

0.001% 0.001%

32%

32.11%

Crown Land – Private – Leased Grazing Modied Pastures Crown Land – Public Conservation and Natural Environments Crown Land – Public – Leased Industry, Residential, Services and Mining Crown Land – Unknown – Leased Cropping and Horticulture Freehold – Unknown Production Forestry (native vegetation) No Data/Unknown Plantation Forestry Production from Irrigated Agriculture and Plantations Water (natural) Other Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au Native Title Services Victoria: http://www.ntsv.com.au

13 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Native Title and Traditional Owners Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone Gunaikurnai Land & Waters Gunai/Kurnai People 1,159,376 5.04 Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Gunditjmara People 63,296 0.28 Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC Barengi Gadjin Land Council Wotjobaluk People 36,062 0.16 Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Gunditjmara and Corporation RNTBC, Eastern Maar Aboriginal 3,915 0.02 Eastern Maar peoples Corporation RNTBC Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Albury City Council NSW Narromine Shire Council NSW Auburn City Council NSW Oberon Council NSW Bankstown City Council NSW Orange City Council NSW Bathurst Regional Council NSW Palerang Council NSW Bega Valley Shire Council NSW Parkes Shire Council NSW Blacktown City Council NSW Penrith City Council NSW Blayney Shire Council NSW Queanbeyan City Council NSW Blue Mountains City Council NSW Shoalhaven City Council NSW Bombala Council NSW Snowy River Shire Council NSW Boorowa Council NSW Tumbarumba Shire Council NSW Cabonne Shire Council NSW Tumut Council NSW Camden Council NSW Upper Lachlan Shire Council NSW Campbelltown City Council NSW Wagga Wagga City Council NSW Cooma-Monaro Council NSW Warrumbungle Shire Council NSW Cowra Shire Council NSW Weddin Shire Council NSW Dubbo City Council NSW Wellington Council NSW Eurobodalla Shire Council NSW Wingecarribee Shire Council NSW Forbes Shire Council NSW Wollondilly Shire Council NSW Goulburn Mulwaree Council NSW Yass Valley Council NSW Greater Hume Shire Council NSW Young Shire Council NSW Gundagai Shire Council NSW Alpine Shire VIC Harden Shire Council NSW Ararat Rural City VIC Hawkesbury City Council NSW Ballarat City VIC Junee Shire Council NSW Banyule City VIC Lithgow City Council NSW Bass Coast Shire VIC Lockhart Shire Council NSW Baw Baw Shire VIC Mid-Western Regional Council NSW Bayside City VIC

14 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Benalla Rural City VIC Melbourne City VIC Boroondara City VIC Melton City VIC Brimbank City VIC Mitchell Shire VIC Buloke Shire VIC Moira Shire VIC Campaspe Shire VIC Monash City VIC Cardinia Shire VIC Moonee Valley City VIC Casey City VIC Moorabool Shire VIC Central Goldfields Shire VIC Moreland City VIC Colac Otway Shire VIC Mornington Peninsula Shire VIC Corangamite Shire VIC Mount Alexander Shire VIC Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort Darebin City VIC VIC (Unincorporated) East Gippsland Shire VIC Mount Buller Alpine Resort VIC Frankston City VIC (Unincorporated) French-Elizabeth-Sandstone Mount Stirling Alpine Resort VIC VIC Islands (Uninc) (Unincorporated) Gabo Island (Unincorporated) VIC Moyne Shire VIC Glen Eira City VIC Murrindindi Shire VIC Glenelg Shire VIC Nillumbik Shire VIC Golden Plains Shire VIC Northern Grampians Shire VIC Greater Bendigo City VIC Port Phillip City VIC Greater Dandenong City VIC Pyrenees Shire VIC Greater Geelong City VIC Queenscliffe Borough VIC Greater Shepparton City VIC South Gippsland Shire VIC Hepburn Shire VIC Southern Grampians Shire VIC Hobsons Bay City VIC Stonnington City VIC Horsham Rural City VIC Strathbogie Shire VIC Hume City VIC Surf Coast Shire VIC Indigo Shire VIC Towong Shire VIC Kingston City VIC Wangaratta Rural City VIC Knox City VIC Warrnambool City VIC Latrobe City VIC Wellington Shire VIC Loddon Shire VIC West Wimmera Shire VIC Macedon Ranges Shire VIC Whitehorse City VIC Manningham City VIC Whittlesea City VIC Mansfield Shire VIC Wodonga City VIC Maribyrnong City VIC Wyndham City VIC Maroondah City VIC Yarra City VIC Yarra Ranges Shire VIC

15 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone 40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

0% , , n ey ey ey ey ey er -f herbs ophyll) ee est with s, , sedges r ests with ests with r r rn fo fo fo fe et scler ests and open herbs r s, fo rn ey (w a grassy understor a shrubby understor a shrubby understor ther tussock grasslands O with a grassy understor a tussock grass understor Eucalyptus woodlands with Eucalyptus woodlands with oad-leaved and/or tr Eucalyptus open woodlands Eucalyptus open Eucalyptus open emperate tussock grasslands understor ests with fe rushes or wet tussock grasses T r fo , rushes or wet tussock grassland Eucalyptus (+/- tall) open Eucalyptus tall open a dense br sedges Eucalyptus woodlands with

Pre 1750 percentage of CMZ area Present day percentage of CMZ area

16 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

17 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Corner Inlet VIC 14,801 Edithvale-Seaford VIC 261 Wetlands – Seaford Gippsland Lakes VIC 61,025 Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and VIC 17,164 Bellarine Peninsula – Corio Bay Western District Lakes VIC 32,683 For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our- Western Port VIC 2,975 environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Anderson Inlet VIC 131.00 2, 3, 4 Bald Hills State Wildlife Reserve VIC 13.00 1, 3, 5 Banongill Network VIC 87.80 1 Bega Swamp NSW 21.20 1, 6 Bemm, Goolengook, Arte and Errinundra Rivers VIC 3,862.10 1, 2, 3, 4 Bendora Reservoir ACT 70.90 5 Benedore River VIC 3,523.50 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Bethungra Dam Reserve NSW 0.10 3 Big Badja Swamp NSW 85.70 1, 5, 6 Big River VIC 1,874.70 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Billabong Flora and Fauna Reserve VIC 20.70 1, 5 Bondi Lake NSW 26.80 1, 6 Bosses/Nebbor Swamp VIC 258.30 1, 3 Boyd Plateau Bogs NSW 0.10 1, 2, 5 Central Highlands Peatlands VIC 10.50 1 Clyde River Estuary NSW 1,069.30 1, 3, 5 Cobden-Terang Volcanic Craters VIC 568.60 1 Coila Creek Delta NSW 3.90 1, 4 Coopers Swamp NSW 0.10 1, 3 Coree Flats NSW 0.10 1 Corner Inlet VIC 9,054.40 1, 3, 4, 5 Cotter Flats ACT 0.10 1 Cullendulla Creek and Embayment NSW 13.50 1, 6 Cundare Pool/Lake Martin VIC 3,741.20 1, 3, 4

18 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Deep Water Morass VIC 56.20 1, 3, 5 Dergholm (Youpayang) Wetlands VIC 8.20 1, 3 Durras Lake NSW 275.20 1, 6 Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands VIC 131.70 1, 3, 6 Ewing’s Marsh (Morass) VIC 1,335.90 1, 5 Genoa River VIC 1,034.40 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Horse Park Wetland ACT 0.10 1, 3, 6 Howqua River VIC 2,029.20 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Jack Smith Lake State Game Reserve VIC 2,859.50 1, 3, 5 Jacksons Bog NSW 0.10 1, 6 Jerrabomberra Wetlands ACT 0.10 3, 6 Kooraweera Lakes VIC 367.80 1, 2, 4, 5 Kosciusko Alpine Fens, Bogs and Lakes NSW 296.20 1, 4, 5 Lake Bathurst NSW 989.00 1, 3, 6 Lake Beeac VIC 658.50 1, 3, 4, 5 Lake Bookaar VIC 552.70 1, 3, 5 Lake Bunga VIC 16.00 1, 5 Lake Buninjon VIC 285.60 1, 3, 5 Lake Colongulac VIC 1,563.40 1, 3 Lake Condah VIC 81.80 1, 6 Lake Connewarre State Wildlife Reserve VIC 3,596.20 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Lake Corangamite VIC 24,423.60 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Lake Cundare VIC 294.80 1, 3, 4 Lake Dartmouth VIC 5,927.90 6 Lake George NSW 12,850.70 1, 3, 5, 6 Lake Gnarpurt VIC 2,595.90 1, 2, 3 Lake Hume VIC 9,973.00 1, 2, 6 Lake King Wetlands VIC 16,137.40 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Lake Linlithgow Wetlands VIC 1,392.30 1, 3, 4, 5 Lake Milangil VIC 250.10 1, 2, 3, 5 Lake Muirhead VIC 659.70 1, 3, 4 Lake Murdeduke VIC 1,864.20 1, 2, 3 Lake Tali Karng VIC 11.50 1, 3, 6 Lake Terangpom VIC 197.70 1, 2, 3 Lake Tyers VIC 1,282.80 1, 3, 5 Lake Victoria Wetlands VIC 9,256.90 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Lake Wellington Wetlands VIC 27,546.50 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Lake Wendouree VIC 223.80 1, 3, 6

19 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Lerderderg River VIC 5,192.60 3, 4, 5, 6 Lindenow Wildlife Sanctuary VIC 30.80 1, 3 Lower Goulburn River Floodplain VIC 0.80 1, 2 Lower Lough Calvert & Lake Thurrumbong VIC 1,066.50 1, 2 Lower Merri River Wetlands VIC 145.60 1, 2, 3, 5 Lower Snowy River Wetlands System VIC 2,860.00 1, 2, 3, 5 Macleod Morass VIC 508.80 1, 3 Mallacoota Inlet Wetlands VIC 995.40 1, 3, 5, 6 Merimbula Lake NSW 376.40 1 Merin Merin Swamp VIC 215.00 1, 3 Micalong Swamp NSW 123.90 1, 6 Middle Lough Calvert VIC 554.40 1, 2, 3, 4 Mitta Mitta River VIC 2,319.90 3, 4, 5, 6 Monaro Lakes NSW 376.80 1, 2, 5 Moruya River Estuary Saltmarshes NSW 76.20 1, 2 Mount William Swamp VIC 627.20 1, 3, 4 Mud Islands VIC 5.40 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Mundi-Selkirk Wetlands VIC 3.40 1, 2, 3 Nadgee Lake and tributary wetlands NSW 269.40 1, 2, 5 Nargal Lake NSW 11.10 1, 3 Nelson Lagoon NSW 95.30 1 Nerrin Nerrin Wetlands VIC 523.80 1, 3, 4, 5 Nunnock Swamp NSW 1.50 1, 2, 3, 5 Packers Swamp NSW 0.10 1, 2 Pambula Estuarine Wetlands NSW 330.80 2, 3, 5, 6 Point Cook & Laverton Saltworks VIC 517.60 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Powlett River Mouth VIC 18.60 6 Princetown Wetlands VIC 152.70 1, 2, 3 Red Rock Lakes & The Basins VIC 234.10 1, 6 Rooty Break Swamp VIC 0.90 1 Russells Swamp VIC 92.00 3 Shallow Inlet Marine & Coastal Park VIC 1,920.50 1, 3, 4 Snowy River VIC 46,500.30 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Stonyford-Bungador Wetlands VIC 63.40 1 Suggan Buggan and Berrima Rivers VIC 1,253.20 2, 3, 4 Swan Bay & Swan Island VIC 412.70 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Sydenham Inlet Wetlands VIC 1,369.60 1, 3, 5 Tambo River (Lower Reaches) East Swamps VIC 100.20 3

20 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Tamboon Inlet Wetlands VIC 798.00 1, 3, 5 Tea Tree Swamp (Delegate River) VIC 176.10 1, 3, 5 Thurra River VIC 2,961.80 1, 3, 5 Tower Hill VIC 305.50 1, 3, 6 Tuross River Estuary NSW 1,095.10 1, 2, 5 Upper Buchan River VIC 856.40 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Upper Cotter River ACT 0.10 1, 6 Upper Lough Calvert VIC 848.70 1, 2, 3 Upper Naas Creek ACT 0.10 1 Waldrons Swamp NSW 71.70 1, 3 Wallaga Lake NSW 822.90 5, 6 Wallagoot Lagoon (Wallagoot Lake) NSW 377.50 5, 6 Werribee-Avalon Area VIC 2,743.50 1, 3, 4, 5 Western Port VIC 29,150.00 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Widderin Swamps VIC 296.70 1, 3, 4, 6 Wongungarra River VIC 304.60 1, 3, 4, 5 Wonnangatta River VIC 3,699.00 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Woorndoo-Hopkins Wetlands VIC 692.50 1, 2 Yambuk Wetlands VIC 364.90 1, 2, 3, 5 Yarra River VIC 1,412.10 1, 3, 4 Werribee-Avalon Area VIC 2,743.52 1, 3, 4, 5 Western Port VIC 29,150.05 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Widderin Swamps VIC 296.74 1, 3, 4, 6 Wongungarra River VIC 304.56 1, 3, 4, 5 Wonnangatta River VIC 3,699.04 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Woorndoo-Hopkins Wetlands VIC 692.53 1, 2 Yambuk Wetlands VIC 364.93 1, 2, 3, 5 Yarra River VIC 1,412.10 1, 3, 4

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

21 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands World and National Heritage

Heritage Heritage values World or National type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone The Greater World and National Natural NSW 244,493.99 1.06 Blue Mountains Area Royal Exhibition Building World Heritage Cultural VIC 25.453798 0.00 and Carlton Gardens Australian Alps National National Natural NSW 928,777.434007 4.04 Parks and Reserves Grampians National National Natural VIC 167,179.82 0.73 Park (Gariwerd) Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape – National Indigenous VIC 8,154.59 0.04 Tyrendarra Area Castlemaine Diggings National Historic VIC 7,535.67 0.03 National Heritage Park Great Ocean Road National Historic VIC 4,308.35 0.02 and Scenic Environs Point Nepean Defence Sites and National Historic VIC 529.48 0.00 Quarantine Station Area Point Cook Air Base National Historic VIC 256.33 0.00 Flemington Racecourse National Historic VIC 127.8 0.00 Coranderrk National Indigenous VIC 81.65 0.00 Old Government House and the National Historic NSW 49.52 0.00 Government Domain Royal Exhibition Building National Historic VIC 25.45 0.00 National Historic Place Australian War Memorial National Historic ACT 25.49 0.00 and the Memorial Parade Mount William National Indigenous VIC 17.96 0.00 Stone Hatchet Quarry High Court – National Historic ACT 14.15 0.00 National Gallery Precinct Flora Fossil Site – Yea National Natural VIC 12.57 0.00 Glenrowan National Historic VIC 8.01 0.00 Heritage Precinct Eureka Stockade Gardens National Historic VIC 7.83 0.00 Melbourne Cricket Ground National Historic VIC 7.69 0.00 Sidney Myer Music Bowl National Historic VIC 6.25 0.00 Rippon Lea National Historic VIC 5.58 0.00 House and Garden Newman College National Historic VIC 4.02 0.00 Old Parliament National Historic ACT 3.6 0.00 House and Curtilage High Court of National Historic VIC 0.25 0.00 Australia (former) ICI Building (former) National Historic VIC 0.23 0.00 Australian Academy of National Historic ACT 0.16 0.00 Science Building Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage 22 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties IUCN Name Property type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone category Alpine National Park II VIC 363,402 1.58 Kosciuszko National Park II NSW 325,990 1.42 Grampians National Park II VIC 167,185 0.73 Deua National Park IB NSW 121,217 0.53 Snowy River National Park II VIC 114,691 0.50 South East Forest National Park II NSW 111,013 0.48 Wadbilliga National Park IB NSW 95,455 0.42 Croajingolong National Park II VIC 88,022 0.38 Blue Mountains National Park II NSW 80,493 0.35 Kanangra-Boyd National Park IB NSW 71,321 0.31 Yarra Ranges National Park II VIC 57,960 0.25 Namadgi National Park II ACT 46,392 0.20 Morton National Park II NSW 43,754 0.19 Goobang National Park II NSW 42,455 0.18 Rodger River Natural Catchment Area II VIC 42,288 0.18 and Mountain Creek Suggan Buggan and Heritage River V VIC 41,793 0.18 Berrima Rivers H.R. Errinundra National Park II VIC 40,089 0.17 Coopracambra National Park II VIC 38,497 0.17 Avon Wilderness Park IB VIC 35,318 0.15 Wilderness Zone Mount – Schedule 5, IB VIC 28,595 0.12 Darling – Snowy Bluff National Parks Act Lake Eildon National Park II VIC 27,861 0.12 Great Otway National Park II VIC 27,239 0.12

The IUCN categories are as follows: Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories Ib Wilderness Area classify protected areas according to their II National Park management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as III Natural Monument or Feature the United Nations and are utilised by many IV Habitat/Species Management Area national governments, including the Australian V Protected Landscape/ Seascape Government, as the global standard for VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources defining and recording protected areas.

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/ For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

23 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities

Threatened ecological communities Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone** Silurian Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland of the South East Corner and Australian Endangered 100 0.001 Alps Bioregions Lowland Grassy Woodland Critically 100 0.058 in the South East Corner Bioregion Endangered Natural Temperate Grassland of the Critically 99.90 6.705 Victorian Volcanic Plain Endangered Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of Critically 99.90 10.349 the Victorian Volcanic Plain Endangered Gippsland Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis Critically subsp. mediana) Grassy Woodland and 99.90 2.005 Endangered Associated Native Grassland Natural Temperate Grassland of the Southern Tablelands of NSW and Endangered 99.50 0.047 the Australian Capital Territory Upland Basalt Eucalypt Forests of Endangered 88.20 0.295 the Sydney Basin Bioregion Upland Wetlands of the New England Endangered 54.40 0.007 Tablelands and the Monaro Plateau White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Critically Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived 42.00 4.243 Endangered Native Grassland Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) Critically 38.40 0.067 of the Temperate Lowland Plains Endangered Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Endangered 18.30 1.382 Grasslands of South-eastern Australia Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh Vulnerable 8.80 0.081 Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens Endangered 2.90 0.064 Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Critically 1.20 0.002 Thickets of Eastern Australia Endangered Weeping Myall Woodlands Endangered 0.00 0.002

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

24 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed underThe Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

25 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Eastern Barred Bandicoot (Mainland) Perameles gunnii unnamed subsp. Endangered 100 0.01 Long-footed Potoroo Potorous longipes Endangered 97.63 3.89 Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered 79.56 11.64 Leadbeater’s Possum Gymnobelideus leadbeateri Endangered 72.19 0.45 Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 51.49 8.56 Dayang, Heath Rat Pseudomys shortridgei Vulnerable 38.45 1.66 Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable 36.23 6.51 Critically Southern Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii 35.43 2.08 Endangered Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 27.95 20.99 Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Dasyurus maculatus maculatus Quoll, Tiger Quoll (southeastern Endangered 27.11 20.65 (SE mainland population) mainland population) Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable 16.18 2.90 New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable 15.64 6.47 Koala (combined populations of Phascolarctos cinereus Queensland, New South Wales and the (combined populations of Qld, Vulnerable 9.87 17.94 Australian Capital Territory) NSW and the ACT) Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Vulnerable 8.26 9.54 South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable 5.73 8.01 Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus Endangered 1.06 0.00 Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a

26 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened birds % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Helmeted Honeyeater, Lichenostomus Endangered 100 0.004 Yellow-tufted Honeyeater (Helmeted) melanops cassidix Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 37.44 38.914 Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 34.29 26.771 Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii Vulnerable 26.78 21.081 Pterodroma Gould’s Petrel Endangered 25.05 0.000 leucoptera leucoptera Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 20.8 33.540 Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 17.69 4.437 Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Endangered 14.64 3.066 Calyptorhynchus Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern) Endangered 9.87 0.613 banksii graptogyne Critically Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster 6.68 1.844 Endangered Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 1.57 1.332 Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus Vulnerable 1.47 0.450 Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.43 2.014 Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable 0.04 0.420 Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable 0.03 0.420 Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.03 0.420 Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable 0.02 0.224 White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.02 0.420 Thalassarche Campbell Albatross Vulnerable 0.02 0.208 melanophris impavida Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered 0.02 0.116 Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable 0.02 0.420 Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable 0.01 0.235 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable 0.01 0.235 Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable 0 0.000 Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Endangered n/a n/a Kermadec Petrel (western) Pterodroma neglecta neglecta Vulnerable n/a n/a Buller’s Albatross, Pacific Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

27 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened reptiles % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Corangamite Water Skink Eulamprus tympanum marnieae Endangered 100 1.65 Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 78.48 12.72 Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable 71.53 20.47 Grassland Earless Dragon Tympanocryptis pinguicolla Endangered 58.16 0.72 Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides Vulnerable 22.98 3.08 Blue Mountains Water Skink Eulamprus leuraensis Endangered 1.91 0.01 Guthega Skink Liopholis guthega Endangered 0.18 0.0004 Alpine She-oak Skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus Endangered 0.03 0.0001 Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered n/a n/a Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered n/a n/a Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable n/a n/a Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Vulnerable n/a n/a Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable n/a n/a

28 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Other threatened fauna % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Giant Gippsland Earthworm Megascolides australis Vulnerable 100 0.32 Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered 100 0.08 Critically Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana 91.22 0.54 Endangered Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura Vulnerable 87.1 0.40 Booroolong Frog Litoria booroolongensis Endangered 86.14 5.50 Bathurst Copper Butterfly, Purple Copper Butterfly, Paralucia spinifera Vulnerable 84.54 0.43 Bathurst Copper, Bathurst Copper Wing, Bathurst-Lithgow Copper, Purple Copper Glenelg Spiny Freshwater Crayfish, Euastacus bispinosus Endangered 79.04 0.46 Pricklyback Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable 77.56 0.05 Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea Vulnerable 72.52 0.38 Spotted Tree Frog Litoria spenceri Endangered 70.55 2.52 Variegated Pygmy Perch, Nannoperca variegata Vulnerable 67.74 0.09 Ewens Pygmy Perch, Golden Pygmy Perch Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla Vulnerable 67.45 2.62 Giant Burrowing Frog Heleioporus australiacus Vulnerable 64.31 17.20

29 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Other threatened fauna % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Critically Northern Corroboree Frog Pseudophryne pengilleyi 60.42 0.10 Endangered Barred Galaxias Galaxias fuscus Endangered 58.18 0.08 Yellow-spotted Tree Frog, Litoria castanea Endangered 55.92 5.30 Yellow-spotted Bell Frog Alpine Stonefly Thaumatoperla alpina Endangered 49.67 0.33 Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 43.88 41.55 and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis Endangered 39.99 0.08 Stuttering Frog, Mixophyes balbus Vulnerable 12.96 2.74 Southern Barred Frog (in Victoria) Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 9.74 0.45 Alpine Tree Frog, Litoria verreauxii alpina Vulnerable 8.47 0.19 Verreaux’s Alpine Tree Frog Critically Silver Perch, Bidyan Bidyanus bidyanus 7.28 0.23 Endangered Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Epinephelus daemelii Vulnerable 0.4 0.016 Saddled Rockcod Critically Glenelg Freshwater Mussel Hyridella glenelgensis 0.36 0.00002 Endangered Baw Baw Frog Philoria frosti Endangered 0.22 0.00006 May be May be Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog Litoria littlejohni Vulnerable present present Critically May be May be Southern Corroboree Frog Pseudophryne corroboree Endangered present present May be May be Murray Hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis Endangered present present Carcharias taurus Critically Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) n/a n/a (east coast population) Endangered Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable 0 n/a

30 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Snowy River Westringia Westringia cremnophila Vulnerable 100 0.06 Critically Dwarf Spider-orchid Caladenia pumila 100 0.14 Endangered Caladenia sp. Kilsyth South Critically Kilsyth South Spider-orchid 100 0.0001 (G.S.Lorimer 1253) Endangered Critically Canberra Spider Orchid Caladenia actensis 100 0.02 Endangered Critically Robust Greenhood Pterostylis valida 100 0.01 Endangered Genowlan Point Pultenaea, Pultenaea sp. Genowlan Critically 100 0.00004 Genowlan Pultenaea Point (NSW 417813) Endangered Small Golden Moths Orchid, Diuris basaltica Endangered 100 0.06 Early Golden Moths Silver Gum, Buxton Gum Eucalyptus crenulata Endangered 100 0.03 Grampians Pincushion-lily Borya mirabilis Endangered 100 0.01 Imlay Mallee, Mount Imlay Mallee Eucalyptus imlayensis Endangered 100 0.0002 Adamson’s Blown-grass, Lachnagrostis adamsonii Endangered 100 2.42 Adamson’s Blowngrass None Zieria parrisiae Endangered 100 0.002 Sunshine Diuris, Fragrant Diuris fragrantissima Endangered 100 0.01 Doubletail, White Diuris Mongarlowe Mallee Eucalyptus recurva Endangered 100 0.01 Charming Spider-orchid Caladenia amoena Endangered 100 0.03 Gaping Leek-orchid Prasophyllum correctum Endangered 100 0.04 Correa lawrenceana Genoa River Correa Endangered 100 0.02 var. genoensis Tumut Grevillea Grevillea wilkinsonii Endangered 100 0.01 Enigmatic Greenhood Pterostylis aenigma Endangered 100 0.01 None Westringia kydrensis Endangered 100 0.05 Mountain Trachymene Trachymene scapigera Endangered 100 0.004 None Zieria obcordata Endangered 100 0.05 Basalt Greenhood Pterostylis basaltica Endangered 100 0.03 Button Wrinklewort Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides Endangered 100 2.27 Grevillea acanthifolia Bog Grevillea Endangered 100 0.17 subsp. paludosa Silver-leaf Candlebark, Eucalyptus canobolensis Endangered 100 0.01 Mt Canobolas Candlebark Tuggeranong Lignum Muehlenbeckia tuggeranong Endangered 100 0.01 None Zieria buxijugum Endangered 100 0.01 Wee Jasper Grevillea Grevillea iaspicula Endangered 100 0.01 Bald-tip Beard-orchid Calochilus richiae Endangered 100 0.01 Southern Shepherd’s Purse Ballantinia antipoda Endangered 100 0.08

31 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Frankston Spider-orchid Caladenia robinsonii Endangered 100 0.01 Fringed Spider-orchid Caladenia thysanochila Endangered 100 0.01 Pambula Midge-orchid Genoplesium rhyoliticum Endangered 100 0.03 None Zieria formosa Endangered 100 0.0002 Araluen Zieria Zieria adenophora Endangered 100 0.001 Strzelecki Gum Eucalyptus strzeleckii Vulnerable 100 1.41 Salt-lake Tussock-grass Poa sallacustris Vulnerable 100 0.42 Warty Zieria Zieria tuberculata Vulnerable 100 0.05 Drooping Grevillea, Ben Major Grevillea Grevillea floripendula Vulnerable 100 0.02 Chef ’s Cap Correa baeuerlenii Vulnerable 100 0.50 Wellington Mintbush Prostanthera galbraithiae Vulnerable 100 0.06 Ginninderra Peppercress Lepidium ginninderrense Vulnerable 100 0.01 Eucalyptus alligatrix a stringybark Vulnerable 100 0.001 subsp. miscella Small-leaved Gum Eucalyptus parvula Vulnerable 100 0.14 Araluen Gum Eucalyptus kartzoffiana Vulnerable 100 0.15 Eucalyptus robertsonii Robertson’s Peppermint Vulnerable 100 0.06 subsp. hemisphaerica Grampians Rice-flower Pimelea pagophila Vulnerable 100 0.04 Enfield Grevillea Grevillea bedggoodiana Vulnerable 100 0.06 Williamsons Bush-pea Pultenaea williamsoniana Vulnerable 100 0.05 Buttercup Doubletail Diuris aequalis Vulnerable 100 0.23 Aniseed Boronia, Galbraith’s Boronia Boronia galbraithiae Vulnerable 100 0.05 Forrester’s Bottlebrush Callistemon forresterae Vulnerable 100 0.04 Betka Bottlebrush Callistemon kenmorrisonii Vulnerable 100 0.01 Pomaderris gilmourii Grey Deua Pomaderris Vulnerable 100 0.01 var. cana Pale Pomaderris Pomaderris pallida Vulnerable 100 0.37 Budawangs Wallaby-grass Plinthanthesis rodwayi Vulnerable 100 0.02 Marble Daisy-bush Olearia astroloba Vulnerable 100 0.001 None Pultenaea parrisiae Vulnerable 100 0.04 Colquhoun Grevillea, Grevillea celata Vulnerable 100 0.06 Nowa Nowa Grevillea None Leionema ralstonii Vulnerable 100 0.06 Leafy Nematolepis Nematolepis frondosa Vulnerable 100 0.01 None Nematolepis rhytidophylla Vulnerable 100 0.001 Shiny Nematolepis Nematolepis wilsonii Vulnerable 100 0.002

32 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Mignonette Leek-orchid, Prasophyllum morganii Vulnerable 100 0.15 Cobungra Leek-orchid, Dense Leek-orchid Bredbo Gentian Gentiana bredboensis Vulnerable 100 0.01 Parris’ Pomaderris Pomaderris parrisiae Vulnerable 100 0.80 Bega Wattle Acacia georgensis Vulnerable 100 0.14 Phantom Wattle Acacia phasmoides Vulnerable 100 0.04 Grevillea montis-cole Langi Ghiran Grevillea Vulnerable 100 0.002 subsp. brevistyla Grampians Bitter-pea Daviesia laevis Vulnerable 100 0.41 Limestone Blue Wattle, Buchan Blue, Acacia caerulescens Vulnerable 100 0.09 Buchan Blue Wattle None Westringia davidii Vulnerable 100 0.01 Narrow-leaf Bent-grass Deyeuxia pungens Vulnerable 100 0.01 Critically Round-leaf Pomaderris Pomaderris vacciniifolia 99.96 0.95 Endangered River Swamp Wallaby-grass, Floating Amphibromus fluitans Vulnerable 99.94 0.10 Swamp Wallaby-grass French Island Spider-orchid Caladenia insularis Vulnerable 99.9 0.05 Rosella Spider-orchid, Little Caladenia rosella Endangered 99.63 0.07 Pink Spider-orchid Yass Daisy Ammobium craspedioides Vulnerable 99.33 3.00 Fragrant Leek-orchid Prasophyllum suaveolens Endangered 98.11 1.07

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

33 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds Migratory birds Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific name Northern Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis Diomedea sanfordi Royal Albatross Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Oriental Plover, Charadrius veredus Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Oriental Dotterel Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Rostratula benghalensis Painted Snipe (sensu lato) Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Buller’s Albatross, Thalassarche bulleri Pacific Albatross Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Cattle Egret Ardea ibis Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Sanderling Calidris alba Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Flesh-footed Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta Shearwater, Fleshy- Puffinus carneipes Tasmanian Shy Albatross (sensu stricto) footed Shearwater Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni Southern Diomedea epomophora Great Egret, (sensu stricto) Ardea alba Royal Albatross White Egret Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Greater Sand Plover, Charadrius leschenaultii Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena Large Sand Plover Diomedea exulans Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Wandering Albatross (sensu lato) Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Wedge-tailed Puffinus pacificus Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Shearwater Latham’s Snipe, Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Gallinago hardwickii Japanese Snipe White-bellied Haliaeetus leucogaster Lesser Sand Plover, Charadrius mongolus Sea-Eagle Mongolian Plover White-capped Thalassarche steadi Little Curlew, Numenius minutus Albatross Little Whimbrel White-throated Hirundapus caudacutus Little Tern Sterna albifrons Needletail Marsh Sandpiper, Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Tringa stagnatilis Little Greenshank Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli

34 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Other migratory species Common name Scientific name Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Giant Manta Ray, Chevron Manta Ray, Pacific Manta Ray, Pelagic Manta Ray, Manta birostris Oceanic Manta Ray Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

35 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Not recorded Birds Procellaria parkinsoni n/a Vulnerable in reserves Not recorded Birds Pterodroma baraui n/a Endangered in reserves Birds Spheniscus magellanicus Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened Not recorded Butterflies Paralucia spinifera Vulnerable Endangered in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Austrogammarus australis Recorded in reserves n/a Extinct Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Critically Engaeus mallacoota Recorded in reserves n/a Isopods and Allies Endangered Crabs, Yabbies, Engaeus rostrogaleatus Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Critically Engaeus sternalis Recorded in reserves n/a Isopods and Allies Endangered Crabs, Yabbies, Engaeus urostrictus Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Engaeus victoriensis Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Not Euastacus brachythorax n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies recorded in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Euastacus claytoni Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Euastacus diversus Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies Crabs, Yabbies, Not recorded Euastacus rieki n/a Endangered Isopods and Allies in reserves Crabs, Yabbies, Gramastacus insolitus Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened Isopods and Allies Earthworms Megascolides australis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable Fish Galaxias fuscus Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Critically Frogs Philoria frosti Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered Frogs Pseudophryne pengilleyi Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Endangered Not recorded Lampreys Mordacia praecox n/a Vulnerable in reserves Mammals Gymnobelideus leadbeateri Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered Mammals Potorous longipes Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered Not recorded Molluscs Hyridella glenelgensis Critically Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Austropyrgus colensis n/a Near Threatened in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Austropyrgus foris n/a Near Threatened in reserves

36 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Not recorded Molluscs Austropyrgus grampianensis n/a Near Threatened in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Victodrobia millerae n/a Vulnerable in reserves Molluscs Victodrobia victoriensis Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened Not recorded Molluscs Allocharopa okeana n/a Near Threatened in reserves Not recorded Molluscs Cralopa colliveri n/a Vulnerable in reserves Plants Borya mirabilis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Caladenia actensis Critically Endangered n/a in reserves Caladenia aff. venusta Not recorded Plants Critically Endangered n/a (kilsyth south) in reserves Plants Caladenia audasii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Caladenia orientalis Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Caladenia rosella Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Caladenia thysanochila Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Calochilus richiae Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Corunastylis ectopa Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a Plants Diuris basaltica Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Diuris fragrantissima Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Genoplesium rhyoliticum Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Prasophyllum bagoense Critically Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Prasophyllum subbisectum Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Pterostylis basaltica Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Pterostylis x aenigma Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Thelymitra mackibbinii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Ammobium craspedioides Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Olearia astroloba Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Senecio garlandii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Budawangia gnidioides Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Acacia caerulescens Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Acacia constablei Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Acacia georgensis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Acacia phasmoides Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Daviesia laevis Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Pultenaea parrisiae Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Pultenaea sp. genowlan point Critically Endangered n/a in reserves

37 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Plants Pimelea pagophila Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Callistemon forresterae Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Callistemon kenmorrisonii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Eucalyptus canobolensis Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Eucalyptus imlayensis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Eucalyptus kartzoffiana Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Eucalyptus parvula Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Critically Plants Eucalyptus recurva Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered Plants Eucalyptus strzeleckii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Leptospermum thompsonii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Deyeuxia pungens Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Lachnagrostis adamsonii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Plinthanthesis rodwayi Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Poa sallacustris Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Rytidosperma pumilum Vulnerable n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Baloskion longipes Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Grevillea bedggoodiana Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Grevillea iaspicula Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Grevillea infecunda Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Grevillea wilkinsonii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Grevillea williamsonii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Hakea dohertyi Endangered n/a in reserves Not recorded Plants Persoonia marginata Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Boronia galbraithiae Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Correa baeuerlenii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Leionema ralstonii Vulnerable n/a in reserves Plants Nematolepis frondosa Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Nematolepis rhytidophylla Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Nematolepis wilsonii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Plants Zieria adenophora Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Zieria buxijugum Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Zieria citriodora Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a Not recorded Plants Zieria covenyi Endangered n/a in reserves Plants Zieria formosa Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Plants Zieria obcordata Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a Not recorded Plants Zieria parrisiae Endangered n/a in reserves Reptiles Aprasia parapulchella Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

38 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands http:// -natural- The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve Concentrations System. of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department Environmentof Australian Natural Tool Assessment Heritage (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. moreFor information please refer to: www.environment. gov.au/topics/heritage/ publications-and-resources/ australian heritage-assessment-tool , Z s s n s

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39 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Invasive species

Invasive mammals Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 2.99 99.95 Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 3.72 99.84 Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 4.15 98.98 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 8.58 93.02 Brown Hare Lepus capensis 21.31 92.17 House Mouse Mus musculus 5.95 92.03 Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 18.79 90.94 Goat Capra hircus 7.16 66.79 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 8.55 63.36 Pig Sus scrofa 3.86 59.01 Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 26.70 44.49 Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 32.01 26.47 Horse Equus caballus 1.69 10.92

Other invasive fauna Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 25.63 99.98 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 10.64 99.91 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 7.77 99.90 Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 24.87 99.04 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 8.70 96.45 Skylark Alauda arvensis 32.66 91.74 Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 19.49 70.66 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 22.58 69.52 Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 27.32 61.49 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 44.53 53.79 European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 51.85 44.51 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 96.34 16.73 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 26.08 9.04 Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata 0.81 0.93 Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl Gallus gallus 40.90 0.08 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 2.46 0.08 Indian Peafowl, Peacock Pavo cristatus 2.42 0.08

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

40 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Invasive flora Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 27.33 99.07 Salix spp. except S.babylonica, Willows except Weeping Willow, S.x calodendron & 31.28 89.66 Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow S.x reichardtii Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 46.8 81.10 Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Nassella trichotoma 61.56 77.54 Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Asparagus asparagoides 17.62 62.93 Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 52.42 59.80 Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Cytisus scoparius 53.1 55.07 Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 21.35 48.89 Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed 26.38 36.51 subsp. monilifera Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, Genista monspessulana 51.16 33.18 French Broom, Soft Broom Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 9.18 15.16 Flax-leaved Broom, Genista linifolia 67.24 11.97 Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Senecio madagascariensis 14.81 9.44 Madagascar Groundsel Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Salvinia molesta 6.44 8.52 Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 20.99 7.01 Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium 8.4 5.46 Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo Chrysanthemoides Bitou Bush 17.79 5.20 monilifera subsp. rotundata Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera cordifolia 12.07 4.89 Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 10.09 4.12 Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Lantana camara 1.94 3.96 Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 46.68 3.91

41 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Invasive flora Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Tamarix aphylla 1.09 3.36 Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Sagittaria platyphylla 6.53 2.40 Slender Arrowhead Prickly Pears Austrocylindropuntia spp. 24.31 1.31 Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Asparagus aethiopicus 8.93 1.20 Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 7.86 1.11 Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 7.86 1.11 Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Cabomba caroliniana 2.58 1.07 Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Dolichandra unguis-cati 1.36 0.34 Cat’s Claw Creeper, Funnel Creeper Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 1.18 0.32 Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern, Asparagus declinatus 0.4 0.01 South African Creeper Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, May be Pinus radiata May be present Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine present May be Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera May be present present May be Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. May be present present May be Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea May be present present May be Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua May be present present May be Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris May be present present Genista sp. X May be Broom May be present Genista monspessulana present * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

42 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

43 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

37.6%

18.29% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community 6.9% Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus microcarpa; Eucalyptus melliodora; Melaleuca parvistaminea; Melicytus dentatus; Cassinia arcuata; Eleocharis acuta; Pimelea y

curviflora; Themeda triandra; Elymus scaber; Microlaena -1750 Pre stipoides; Dianella revoluta; tussock grass. esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Purchase high Limit or exclude Do not plant trees/ Please seek advice Maintain and protect Mow/slash Control feral grazers quality remnants grazing during shrubs into good from your local NRM paddock trees sporadically and in (deer, rabbits, goats) into reservation. drought, and spring/ condition, or derived organisation prior as these provide a mosaic pattern and erect fences Encourage uptake summer when native grassland sites. to undertaking any critical links for in late summer where appropriate of conservation ground cover is in Replant indigenous fire management. wildlife movement. or autumn after (e.g. of stock agreements and flower or seed. species if the site native ground layer dams, individual covenants Fire intervals should If few mature, plants have seeded. Graze 3-days on; shows no signs of guards for on private land. be a minimum of hollow-bearing trees 28-days rest in late natural regeneration Hand pulling, targeted plants). Maintain a 5 years, maximum are present, provide summer. 7-days on; after two years. Plant spot spraying and 30-50 metre native trees and shrubs at of 40 years. bird and arboreal Control feral vegetation buffer 56-days rest in weed wiping are autumn and the same density mammal nesting appropriate weed predators including around remnants evident in local, Apply mosaic to protect against winter. Maintain boxes. Monitor control measures. foxes, dogs, cats good quality grassy burning in small incursion by feral 80% groundcover boxes regularly for and pigs. woodland sites. areas at staggered predators, weeds minimum and a pest species such Prevent weed and spray drift. sward height of Use high quality seed, intervals. Retain as Noisy Miners introduction through Do not push fallen unburnt areas. adopting good timber into stacks Ban firewood 10cm at all times. of local provenance and Indian Mynas. collection and bush if possible. hygiene measures or windrows Protect paddock Ensure that If fallen timber has and minimising as these form rock removal. Do not allow a full trees with fencing. appropriate weed been removed soil disturbance. harbours for Retain standing dead canopy to develop Avoid soil control measures from remnant sites, foxes, rabbits trees and fallen (which may shade Don’t stockpile compaction from follow any add coarse woody and cats. timber. out understorey topsoil within vehicles/machinery burning activity. debris (e.g. recycled Protect from species). Please seek remnant areas. road widening or stock camps. advice from your local untreated timbers) and maintenance Avoid herbicide and NRM organisation to provide habitat. Use machinery activities. pesticide application for advice on hygiene protocols Monitor and manage Do not permit in or near remnants. managing canopy and monitor for commercial apiarists species densities. densities of Eastern weeds afterwards, Avoid cultivation, Grey Kangaroos. to place bee Don’t allow the including when hives within 3km ripping and ripping to excavation. remnant to become of the remnant. overly shrubby. control rabbits.

44 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Eucalyptus tall open forests and open forests with ferns, herbs, sedges, rushes or wet tussock grasses vegetation profile

77.99% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus radiata; Eucalyptus viminalis; Eucalyptus fastigata; Eucalyptus cypellocarpa; Eucalyptus globulus; Ozothamnus ferrugineus; Acacia verticillata; Dicksonia antarctica; Cyathea australis; Leucopogon lanceolatus; Coprosma quadrifida; Olearia lirata; Tetrarrhena juncea; Poa labillardierei; Dianella tasmanica; fern; tussock grass; forb; rush.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Create buffer Protect isolated Link fragments Please seek advice Re-introduce Eradicate and Manage exotic zones around canopy trees. with other from your local NRM habitat features prevent reinvasion pests including remnants. remnants to increase organisation prior including rocks and of weeds such as foxes, goats, rabbits connectivity. to undertaking any logs at previously English ivy, Japanese and feral pigs. Control and regulate fire management. disturbed sites. honeysuckle, public access Undertake English holly, Manage foxes into remnants, restoration works Manage fuel loads barberry, firethorn and rabbits including mountain to restore natural in surrounding areas broom, blackberry, simultaneously to bikes, trail bikes hydrology where and remove weeds. bridal creeper, avoid foxes switching and vehicles. appropriate. Chilean needle to predation on Provide maps of grass and serrated native species, or Avoid run-off in or Use locally sourced remnant locations to tussock. increases in rabbit near remnants as it seed and tube stock local fire brigades. populations. leads to erosion or for revegetation. Avoid adverse Vegetation typically increased sediment Check with your local impacts from burns infrequently, or nutrient levels. NRM organisation chemicals or other with fire intervals at for advice on mechanisms to Retain trees, a decadal time scale collecting, storing manage weeds rocks, fallen timber (possibly up to a few and propagating by using manual and leaf litter. hundred years). local species. removal or Protect from spot application dumping of garden of herbicides. waste and invasion Avoid unnecessary by garden mowing of plants. understorey.

45 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

11.1%

9.2% 82.63% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus sieberi; Eucalyptus mannifera;

Eucalyptus polyanthemos; Eucalyptus radiata; Cassinia y

aculeata; Grevillea alpina; Leptospermum continentale; -1750 Pre

Brachyloma daphnoides; Daviesia latifolia; Joycea esent da pallida; Dianella tasmanica; Poa sieberiana; tussock Pr grass; rush; shrub.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Create native Minimise spray Minimise disturbance If few, or no hollow Hand pulling, Manage foxes, vegetation buffers drift from adjacent to see if natural bearing trees are spot spraying and rabbits, cats, around remnants agricultural lands. regeneration occurs. present then place weed wiping are feral pigs and deer. with indigenous nest boxes for appropriate weed species. Fence remnants If there is no mammals and birds control measures. Manage foxes adjacent to evidence of on larger trees within and rabbits Protect remnants agricultural lands. regeneration, plant remnants. Monitor Prevent weed simultaneously to from clearing. indigenous species boxes regularly introduction avoid foxes switching from locally sourced (once every three through maintaining to predation on Protect from seed. Plantings months) to check for hygiene protocols native species, incursion by trail should replicate the invasive species, such and minimising or increases bikes, mountain bikes composition and as Indian Myna. soil disturbance. in rabbit and other vehicles. structure found populations. in nearby high Ensure fencing is Ban bush rock quality remnants wildlife friendly. No and fallen timber sharing similar electrical fencing of removal. soils and aspects. bottom strand, and Retain no barbed wire. hollow-bearing trees, and protect standing dead trees.

46 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

10.9%

54.75% 6% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus goniocalyx; Eucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus dives; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha; Eucalyptus polyanthemos;

Eucalyptus nortonii; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; y

Cassinia aculeata; Cassinia longifolia; Acacia dealbata; -1750 Pre

Pimelea linifolia; Hardenbergia violacea; Epilobium esent da billardierianum; Joycea pallida; Poa sieberiana; Austrostipa Pr scabra; tussock grass; rush; forb.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Create native Minimise spray Minimise disturbance If few, or no hollow Hand pulling, Manage foxes, vegetation drift from adjacent to see if natural bearing trees are spot spraying and rabbits, cats, buffers around agricultural lands. regeneration occurs. present then place weed wiping are feral pigs and deer. remnants with nest boxes for appropriate weed indigenous species. Fence remnants If there is no mammals and birds control measures. Manage foxes adjacent to evidence of on larger trees within and rabbits Protect remnants agricultural lands. regeneration, plant remnants. Monitor Prevent weed simultaneously from clearing. indigenous species boxes regularly introduction to avoid foxes from locally sourced (once every three through maintaining switching to Protect from seed. Plantings months) to check for hygiene protocols predation on native incursion by trail should replicate the invasive species, such and minimising species, or increases bikes, mountain bikes composition and as Indian Myna. soil disturbance. in rabbit populations. and other vehicles. structure found in nearby high quality Ensure fencing is Ban bush rock remnants sharing wildlife friendly. No and fallen similar soils electrical fencing of timber removal. and aspects. bottom strand, and Retain no barbed wire. hollow-bearing trees, and protect standing dead trees.

47 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

5.5%

4% 72.65% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus ovata; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Eucalyptus pauciflora; Eucalyptus baxteri; Eucalyptus dives;

Eucalyptus viminalis; Melaleuca squarrosa; Leptospermum y

continentale; Calytrix tetragona; Xanthorrhoea australis; Acacia -1750 Pre verticillata; Drosera peltata; Lepidosperma carphoides; Hypolaena esent da fastigiata; Tetratheca ciliata; Gahnia radula; Neurachne Pr alopecuroidea; forb; sedge; tussock grass; rush.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Purchase high Manage grazing Do not plant trees/ Please seek advice If few, or no hollow Hand pulling, Control feral grazers quality remnants into practices shrubs into good from your local NRM bearing trees are spot spraying and (deer, rabbits, goats) reservation. including avoiding condition, or derived organisation prior present then place weed wiping are and erect fences Encourage uptake high-intensity set grassland sites. to undertaking any nest boxes for appropriate weed where appropriate fire management of conservation stocking. Limit or Replant native, mammals and birds control measures. (e.g. of stock dams, agreements actions. exclude grazing indigenous species on larger trees within individual guards for and covenants on Prevent weed during drought if the site shows A minimum fire remnants. Monitor highly palatable private land. introduction periods and during no signs of natural interval of five years, boxes regularly young plants). Maintain a through maintaining spring and summer regeneration after maximum of 40 years (once every three 30–50 metre native two years. Plant trees is recommended. months) to check for hygiene protocols Control feral vegetation buffer when native and shrubs at the Apply mosaic invasive species, such and minimising predators including around remnants ground cover is same density evident burning in as Indian Myna. soil disturbance. foxes, dogs, cats to protect against in flower or seed. in local, good small areas at and pigs. incursion by feral Avoid herbicide and staggered intervals. predators, weeds quality grassy pesticide application Retain unburnt areas. and spray drift. woodland sites. in or near remnants. Ban firewood Use high Ensure that collection and Do not direct or quality seed, appropriate weed bush rock removal. divert run-off of local provenance control measures Retain standing into remnant areas. if possible. follow any dead trees and burning activity. Avoid soil Do not allow a full fallen timber. compaction from canopy to develop Protect from vehicles/machinery (which may shade road widening or stock camps. out understorey and maintenance species). Please activities. Avoid cultivation, seek advice from Do not permit ripping and your local NRM commercial apiarists excavation. organisation on to place bee managing canopy hives within 3km species densities. of the remnant.

48 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands Temperate tussock grasslands

Change in extent

4.9%

7.30% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Themeda triandra; Allocasuarina verticillata; Poa sieberiana; Poa labillardierei; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; 0.4%

Acacia melanoxylon; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Acacia y

paradoxa; Elymus scaber; Austrodanthonia setacea; -1750 Pre other grass; tussock grass; forb. esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Encourage uptake Prevent trampling Consult your local Please seek advice Ensure any fencing Manage weeds Undertaking baiting of conservation and excessive NRM Organisation from your local NRM of remnants is including Chilean for foxes and cats. agreements grazing pressure. for advice organisation prior wildlife friendly, Needle Grass, African and covenants on appropriate to undertaking any is not electrified and Lovegrass, Serrated Ensure grass on private land. Graze 3 days on; revegetation fire management does not contain Tussock Grass and dependent fauna are 28 days rest period. methods. actions. barbed wire. St Johns Wort. not affected by feral Purchase good animal trapping/ quality remnants Totally exclude Rehabilitate sites Avoid adverse removal program. into reservation grazing during with locally sourced impacts from where possible. spring and summer seed. Monitor closely chemicals or flowering and to ensure that weed other mechanisms Remnants in seeding periods. species do not to manage travelling stock compete with young weeds. Maintain a minimum routes should native recruits for soil sward height of be monitored moisture and light. Avoid disturbance carefully to ensure 10cm at all times during peak that they do not (across all the site). Revegetate between flowering become degraded. existing remnants season (no mow/ Avoid fertiliser and to reconnect, extend slash/burn). herbicide application Avoid soil and buffer sites. disturbance such in or near remnants. Ensure weed as ploughing, Where cropping seed not creation of vehicle is undertaken in spread by grazing tracks, stockpiling, adjacent paddocks, or machinery. or rock removal. minimise spray drift into remnants. Maintain Create native cover of native vegetation perennials. buffers of greater than 30 metres.

49 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, South Eastern Australia Mixed Temperate Forests Woodlands and Grasslands ALC100.0915