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Geologic Hazards in British Columbia

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Geologic Hazards in British Columbia GEOLOGIC HAZARDS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Proceedings of the Geologic Hazards '91 Workshop February 20-21,1992, Victoria, B.C. Compiled and edited by: Peter Bobrowsky British Columbia Conference Organizers Geological Survey Branch Ministries of: Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources Transportation and Highways Open File 1992-15 Environment, Lands and Parks Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Geologic Hazards '91 Workshop (1991: University of Victoria, B.C) Geologic hazards in British Columbia (Open file, ISSN 0835-3530; 1992-15) VICTORIA "Conference organizers, Ministries of: Energy, Mines and BRITISH COLUMBIA Petroleum Resources, Transportation and Highways, [and] Environment, Lands and Parks." CANADA Conference held Feb. 20-21,1991. Includes bibliographical references: p. April 1992 ISBN 0-7718-9199-7 1. Hazardous geographic environments - British Columbia - Congresses. 2. Natural disasters - British Columbia - Congresses. I. British Columbia. Geological Survey Branch. II. British Columbia. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. III. British Columbia. Ministry of Transportation and Highways. IV. British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. V. Title. VI. Series: Open file (British Columbia. Geological Survey Branch); 1992-15. QE6283B7G461992 363.3'49 C92-092187-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS,. in HIGH MAGNITUDE - HIGH FREQUENCY MASS MOVEMENTS PREFACE By Doug F. VanDine 99 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE THE ROLE OF THE PROVINCIAL GEOLOGIC HAZARDS WORKSHOP - EMERGENCY PROGRAM IN BY THE STEERING COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGIC HAZARDS GEOLOGIC HAZARDS MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION By Peter W. Cave, Michael Church, Lionel E. By W. Claude Dalley^ 109 Jackson, Jr., Donald R. Lister and Nigel Skermer 1 THE FLOOD HAZARD By Duncan Hay 111 HAZARDS IN THE FUTURE: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE MARINE HAZARDS 113 By Christopher Barnes 7 By Tad S. Murty SEISMIC HAZARD IN THE LOWER THE ROLE OF EMERGENCY MAINLAND PREPAREDNESS CANADA By Peter Byrne 11 By Dave Pollard 115 HAZARD ACCEPTABILITY CURRENT PROVINCIAL THRESHOLDS FOR DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT ROLES APPROVALS BY LOCAL By Peter J. Woods and T. Neil Hamilton m GOVERNMENT 119 By Peter W. Cave 15 SHORELINE EROSION IN BRITISH THE CONSULTANT'S ROLE IN COLUMBIA RESIDENTIAL GEOTECHNICAL By David McConnell 125 HAZARD INVESTIGATIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA EARTHQUAKE HAZARD IN BRITISH By Robert F. Gerath 27 COLUMBIA By Garry C. Ropers 127 VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND VOLCANISM IN THE CANADIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT CORDILLERA LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK By Catherine J. Hickson 35 By Eric Karlsen 131 QUANTIFICATION OF RISKS FROM LIST OF WORKSHOP SLOPE HAZARDS PARTICIPANTS 133 By Graham C. Morgan 57 HIGH MAGNITUDE - LOW FREQUENCY CATASTROPHIC LANDSLIDES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA By Stephen G. Evans 71 Workshop Proceedings Geologic Hazards '91 PREFACE The impetus for the Geologic Hazards '91 sessions consisting of small groups of Workshop and this subseqent proceedings volume individuals; the two approaches intended to derive from a combination of factors including promote and maximize upon audience new government initiatives, a trend toward participation. Both aspects are presented in this increased public awareness of geoscience proceedings volume which contains papers and/or concepts, as well as the proclamation of the extended abstracts of the key note speakers as 1990's as the International Decade for Natural well as a summary review paper by the Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). This latter Workshop Steering Committee. The Steering proclamation, by the United Nations Assembly, Committee on Geologic Hazards was assembled illustrates the global responsibility to decrease immediately after the meeting to synthesize the the estimated annual death toll of 250,000 people multitude of comments and suggestions offered and $50 billion in damage costs which plague during the course of the workshop. Their paper humankind due to natural disasters. provides written direction as to the future course of hazards work within the province based on the In 1989, after a 21 year hiatus, a Surficial combined sentiments of all workshop Geology Unit (SGU) was reinstated under the participants. In an effort to generate an unbiased aegis of the British Columbia Geological Survey review, the committee consisted of Branch. Interviews by the SGU staff with representatives from the federal, provincial and numerous specialists subsequently helped identify local government, academia and private industry. problems and needs in B.C. surficial geology. Geological hazards were targeted as one of the British Columbia is under constant threat elements in surficial geology which warranted from numerous and potentially devastating prompt attention. However, before embarking on geological hazards. This volume addresses the an active program in hazards research, the SGU most significant natural hazards affecting the staff sought to assess the state of the geological people of the province. Leading experts in a hazards database for British Columbia. It became variety of disciplines present up-to-date, cogent readily apparent that the lack of a centralized and informative reviews on such phenomena as information repository and the absence of a earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, coordinating body for geological hazards research landslides, shoreline erosion and flooding. precluded a simple database assessment. Related state-of-the-art papers discuss the In response to the above shortcomings, importance of risk assessment, hazard threshold scientists within the ministries of Energy, Mines acceptability, hazards in the future, consultants' and Petroleum Resources, Transportation and roles, hazards legislation as well as federal and Highways as well as Environment, Lands and provincial emergency response programs. This Parks organized a two-day workshop in Victoria. publication will prove a useful library addition to The intent of the workshop was to identify key all individuals active or interested in geological players, programs and problems in British hazards research, mitigation and policy Columbia geological hazards studies. To this management. end, the gathering was successful, as approximately 150 individuals, including Geologic Hazards '91 representatives from provincial/federal/state/ Organizing Committee municipal governments, academia, and private Peter T. Bobrowsky (EMPR) industry, gathered at the University of Victoria Robert Buchanan (MoTH) campus on February 20 and 21, 1991 to listen, Victor M. Levson (EMPR) learn and lecture on a variety of themes related to Donald R. Lister (MoTH) British Columbia geological hazards. Key note Bruce Thomson (MOF) lectures were interspersed with interactive March 1992 Workshop Proceedings v Geologic Hazards '91 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS WORKSHOP - BY THE STEERING COMMITTEE ON GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Peter W. Cave, Regional District of Fraser-Cheam, 8430 Cessna Drive, Chilliwack, British Columbia V2P 7K4 Michael Church, Department ofGeography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1W5 Lionel E. Jackson, Jr., Geological Survey of Canada, 100 West Pender St., Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 1R8 Donald R. Lister, Ministry of Transportation and Highways, 940 Blanshard St., Victoria, British Columbia V8W3E6 Nigel Skermer, Steffen, Robertson & Kirs ten, 800-560 Hornby St., Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3B6 INTRODUCTION and Petroleum Resources, Transportation and Highways, and Environment, Lands and Parks. Geologic hazards are natural earth processes such as landslides, floods, earthquakes and volcanic The goals set by the organizers of the eruptions which can threaten the lives, property workshop were to identify: and well being of people. Snow avalanches, landslides and floods have claimed scores of lives 1) current geologic hazard programs in the and have accounted for many millions of dollars of province; property damage and lost economic activity in British Columbia. Such hazards are increasing 2) existing geologic hazard legislation; concerns because, with urban growth and the boom in recreational communities, development is 3) existing agencies responsible for the frequently intruding into areas where hazardous coordination and implementation of geologic events may occur relatively frequently. hazards research and their programs for Furthermore, the results of recent geologic and mitigation and avoidance; geophysical research suggest that Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland may be prone to great 4) future geologic hazard research, monitoring earthquakes. A major earthquake, in such a needs and priorities; and, populated area, could claim hundreds of lives and cause billions of dollars in damage. 5) means of establishing a geologic hazards information and research data base. On February 20 and 21, 1991, more than 130 experts on various aspects of geologic hazards and The format of the workshop for both days public safety from British Columbia, Yukon, included a morning of topical papers followed by Alberta and Washington State assembled at the an afternoon of small group workshop sessions University of Victoria for a workshop on geologic concluded by a discussion by all participants. Day hazards. Only one other such gathering, in 1976, one was concerned with individual types of hazard had previously taken place. Those attending the phenomena. Day two addressed the management meeting represented hundreds of person years of and mitigation of hazards with an emphasis on experience, and most of the intellectual resources developing action plans identifying authorities available
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