The Many Faces of Cleopatra
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The Nature of Hellenistic Domestic Sculpture in Its Cultural and Spatial Contexts
THE NATURE OF HELLENISTIC DOMESTIC SCULPTURE IN ITS CULTURAL AND SPATIAL CONTEXTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Craig I. Hardiman, B.Comm., B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Mark D. Fullerton, Advisor Dr. Timothy J. McNiven _______________________________ Advisor Dr. Stephen V. Tracy Graduate Program in the History of Art Copyright by Craig I. Hardiman 2005 ABSTRACT This dissertation marks the first synthetic and contextual analysis of domestic sculpture for the whole of the Hellenistic period (323 BCE – 31 BCE). Prior to this study, Hellenistic domestic sculpture had been examined from a broadly literary perspective or had been the focus of smaller regional or site-specific studies. Rather than taking any one approach, this dissertation examines both the literary testimonia and the material record in order to develop as full a picture as possible for the location, function and meaning(s) of these pieces. The study begins with a reconsideration of the literary evidence. The testimonia deal chiefly with the residences of the Hellenistic kings and their conspicuous displays of wealth in the most public rooms in the home, namely courtyards and dining rooms. Following this, the material evidence from the Greek mainland and Asia Minor is considered. The general evidence supports the literary testimonia’s location for these sculptures. In addition, several individual examples offer insights into the sophistication of domestic decorative programs among the Greeks, something usually associated with the Romans. -
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
A History of English Literature MICHAEL ALEXANDER
A History of English Literature MICHAEL ALEXANDER [p. iv] © Michael Alexander 2000 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W 1 P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 0-333-91397-3 hardcover ISBN 0-333-67226-7 paperback A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 O1 00 Typeset by Footnote Graphics, Warminster, Wilts Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wilts [p. v] Contents Acknowledgements The harvest of literacy Preface Further reading Abbreviations 2 Middle English Literature: 1066-1500 Introduction The new writing Literary history Handwriting -
Ptolemaic Egypt – Two Lands, Two Peoples, One Ruler
058: Ptolemaic Egypt – Two Lands, Two Peoples, One Ruler Under the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his son Ptolemy III Euergetes, the 3rd century BC saw the glory days of Hellenistic Egypt. Though their domain was not as large as the contemporary Seleucid kings of Syria or the Mauryan emperors in India, the Ptolemies were easily the wealthiest people on Earth.1 Their intensive cultivation of the Nile River and facilitation of trade networks had created a kingdom of unparalleled splendor and luxury. Yet, much of this wealth was largely centered on the Nile Delta and their great capital of Alexandria-by-Egypt. Alexandria was home to some of the most brilliant intellectual and artistic minds to come out of the period and considered one of the greatest cities in history. Thanks to the vast output of literary works and extensive archaeological and papyrological evidence, we can reconstruct the inner workings of the Ptolemaic state to such a degree that is unmatched by any contemporary society at the time. I want to spend several episodes guiding you through the world of Hellenistic Egypt, and today we will discuss the Ptolemaic monarchy and its attempts to legitimize their rule with both Greeks and Egyptians alike. King Cambyses’ conquest of Egypt and its subsequent incorporation into the Persian Empire during the late 6th century ushered in a time of great unrest for its native inhabitants. While archaeological evidence and surviving inscriptions run counter to Herodotus’ writings, which claim that the Persian occupation resulted in tight-fisted despotism and particularly egregious acts of sacrilege against the Egyptian pantheon, there were a number of rebellions that indicated a deep resentment of these occupants.2 In about 404 the Egyptians threw off the Persian yoke, and the 28th-30th dynasties ruled independently for an additional 60 years down to the final indigenous pharaoh Nakhthorheb, known as Nectanebo II to the Greeks. -
Meter in Catullan Invective: Expectations and Innovation
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Boston University Institutional Repository (OpenBU) Boston University OpenBU http://open.bu.edu Theses & Dissertations Boston University Theses & Dissertations 2015 Meter in Catullan invective: expectations and innovation https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15640 Boston University BOSTON UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Dissertation METER IN CATULLAN INVECTIVE: EXPECTATIONS AND INNOVATION by MICHAEL IAN HULIN WHEELER B.A., University of Florida, 2004 M.A., University of Florida, 2005 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 © Copyright by MICHAEL IAN HULIN WHEELER 2015 Approved by First Reader ______________________________________________________ Patricia Johnson, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Classical Studies Second Reader ______________________________________________________ James Uden, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Classical Studies Third Reader ______________________________________________________ Jeffrey Henderson, Ph.D. William Goodwin Aurelio Professor of Greek Language and Literature Acknowledgements Above all others, I would like to thank my family for their support along the journey towards the completion of my dissertation. I owe the greatest gratitude to my wife, Lis, whose (long-suffering) patience, love, and willingness to keep me on track has been indispensable; to my parents and grandmother, who have been nothing but supportive and encouraging along the way; to my late grandfather and great-uncle, who showed me that getting a doctorate was a possibility (though admittedly the two-years-to- degree record was impossible to match); and finally to Caesar Augustus, the most classically educated dachshund I’ve ever known, and to his loving successor Livia, both of whom are sorely missed. -
Bad Girls Handout Revised
STEPHANIE DRAY LILY OF THE NILE A NOVEL OF www.stephaniedray.com CLEOPATRA’S : DAUGHTER Hits Bookshelves January 2011 A survey of women’s history through the eyes of a historical fiction Bad Girls of the Ancient World novelist. HOW TO FALL AFOUL OF THE PATRIARCHY IN THREE EASY STEPS PICK UP A WEAPON Though examples of warrior women can be found in ancient literature even before the appearance of the Amazons in Homer’s tales, women who fought were considered to be unnatural. DABBLE IN PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION OR MAGIC For the ancients, religion was mostly a matter Queen Cleopatra VII, of Egypt for the state. The idea that a god of the pantheon might take a personal interest in a woman beyond seducing her or punishing her was preposterous. Consequently, priestesses were often viewed with suspicion. Alexander the Great’s mother, Olympias, was always suspected of sorcery, in part, because King Phillip fell in love with her during a religious initiation. Queen Zenobia of Palmyra Olympias of Macedonia BE SEXY Ancient man feared female sexuality and the These historical women have been painted and sway it might have over his better judgment. sculpted throughout the ages. If well-behaved The surest propaganda against an ancient women seldom make history, this should tell you queen was to depict her as a licentious seductress; a charge that has never clung with something about these ladies. more tenacity to any woman than it has to Cleopatra VII of Egypt. Copyright © 2011 Stephanie Dray, All Rights Reserved BAD GIRLS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD! PAGE2 Queen Dido commits suicide Pierre-Narcisse, baron Guérin’s painting of the famous but fictional romance between Dido and Aeneas Timeline & Relationships Dido of Carthage 800 BC Cleopatra Selene’s husband, King Dido Juba II, claimed descent from this legendary queen Queen Dido of Carthage (also Olympias of Macedonia 375 BC Alexander the Great was the son known as Elissa) was of this ambitious woman. -
Marble, Memory, and Meaning in the Four Pompeian Styles of Wall Painting
MARBLE, MEMORY, AND MEANING IN THE FOUR POMPEIAN STYLES OF WALL PAINTING by Lynley J. McAlpine A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Elaine K. Gazda, Chair Professor Lisa Nevett Professor David Potter Professor Nicola Terrenato Emeritus Professor Norman Yoffee The difference between false memories and true ones is the same as for jewels: it is always the false ones that look the most real, the most brilliant. Salvador Dalí, The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí © Lynley McAlpine All Rights Reserved 2013 Acknowledgements This project would have been impossible without the guidance of my advisor and dissertation chair, Elaine Gazda, who has provided unflagging support for all aspects of my work. I am grateful to have been able to work under the supervision of someone who I consider a model for the kind of scholar I hope to become: one who has a keen critical eye and who values collaboration and innovation. I have also benefited greatly from the sensible advice of Lisa Nevett, who has always helped me to recognize the possibilities and limitations of my approaches and evidence. David Potter’s perspective has been indispensable in determining how literary and historical sources could be employed responsibly in a study that focuses mainly on material culture. Nicola Terrenato has encouraged me to develop a critical and rigorous approach, and his scholarship has been an important model for my own. Finally, Norman Yoffee has been a continual source of advice and guidance, while opening my eyes to the ways my research can reach across disciplinary boundaries. -
COMPILATION of CANAL TRADE ARTICLES from the CUMBERLAND CIVILIAN and the DAILY TIMES Two Cumberland, Md. Newspapers and the NEWS a Frederick, Md
COMPILATION OF CANAL TRADE ARTICLES FROM THE CUMBERLAND CIVILIAN and THE DAILY TIMES two Cumberland, Md. newspapers and THE NEWS a Frederick, Md. newspaper and THE HEARLD AND TORCH LIGHT a Hagerstown, Md., newspaper and THE BALTIMORE SUN a Baltimore, Md. newspaper and EVENING STAR a Washington, D. C. newspaper and ALEXANDRIS GAZETTE an Alexandria, Va. newspaper 1887 Compiled by William Bauman C & O Canal Association Volunteer [email protected] Revision 1 OCTOBER 2017 Revision 2 JANUARY 2018 Revision 3 JUNE 2019 Canal Trade 1887 A. PREFACE This compilation of newspaper articles about the C. & O. Canal is one of a series. The Cumberland Civilian and The Daily Times, newspapers were found on microfilm at Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD. The News, a Frederick, Md. newspaper, The Herald and Torch Light, a Hagerstown, Md., newspaper, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore, Md. newspaper, Evening Star, a Washington, D. C. newspaper and Alexandria Gazette, an Alexandria, Va. newspaper, were found on-line. Articles from The Daily Times are preceded by DT, those from The News are preceded by News, those from The Herald and Torch Light, are preceded by H&TL, those from The Baltimore Sun are preceded by Sun, those from the Evening Star are preceded by ES, and those from the Alexandria Gazette are preceded by AG. There will be some duplication in articles due to the several sources. I have included the grain receipts by schooner, whenever found, to contrast with the grain receipts by canal boat. I have included the editorial articles from The Daily Times to illustrate to political atmosphere. -
The Poems of Catullus As They Went to the Printer for the first Time, in Venice 400 Years Ago
1.Catullus, Poems 1/12/05 2:52 PM Page 1 INTRODUCTION LIFE AND BACKGROUND We know very little for certain about Catullus himself, and most of that has to be extrapolated from his own work, always a risky procedure, and nowadays with the full weight of critical opinion against it (though this is always mutable, and there are signs of change in the air). On the other hand, we know a great deal about the last century of the Roman Republic, in which his short but intense life was spent, and about many of the public figures, both literary and political, whom he counted among his friends and enemies. Like Byron, whom in ways he resembled, he moved in fashionable circles, was radical without being constructively political, and wrote poetry that gives the overwhelming impression of being generated by the public aªairs, literary fashions, and aristocratic private scandals of the day. How far all these were fictionalized in his poetry we shall never know, but that they were pure invention is unlikely in the extreme: what need to make up stories when there was so much splendid material to hand? Obviously we can’t take what Catullus writes about Caesar or Mamurra at face value, any more than we can By- ron’s portraits of George III and Southey in “The Vision of Judgement,” or Dry- den’s of James II and the Duke of Buckingham in “Absalom and Achitophel.” Yet it would be hard to deny that in every case the poetic version contained more than a grain of truth. -
The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, {Protect
The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 3 by Frederick Whymper This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 3 Author: Frederick Whymper Release Date: April 1, 2012 [Ebook 39343] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SEA: ITS STIRRING STORY OF ADVENTURE, PERIL, & HEROISM. VOLUME 3*** MORGAN’S ATTACK ON GIBRALTAR. THE SEA Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. BY F. WHYMPER, AUTHOR OF “TRAVELS IN ALASKA,” ETC. ivThe Sea: Its Stirring Story of Adventure, Peril, & Heroism. Volume 3 ILLUSTRATED. *** CASSELL,PETTER,GALPIN &CO.: LONDON, PARIS & NEW YORK. [ALL RIGHTS RESERVED] [iii] CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE PIRATES AND BUCANIERS. PAGE Who was the First Pirate?—The Society of Bu- 1 caniers—Home of the Freebooters—Rise of the Band—Impecunious Spanish Governors and their Roguery—Great Capture of Spanish Treasure—An Un- just Seizure, but no Redress—Esquemeling’s Narra- tive—Voyage from Havre—“Baptism” of the French Mariners—Other Ceremonies—At Tortuga—Occupied and Reoccupied by French and Spanish—The French West India Company—Esquemeling twice Sold as a Slave—He Joins the Society of Pi- rates—Wild Boars and Savage Mastiffs—How the Wild Dogs came to the Islands—Cruelty of the Planters—A Terrible Case of Retribution—The Mur- derer of a Hundred Slaves—The First Tortugan Pi- rate—Pierre le Grand—A Desperate Attack—Rich Prize Taken—Rapid Spread of Piracy—How the Rovers Armed their Ships—Regulations of their Voy- ages—“No Prey, no Pay”—The richly-laden Vessels of New Spain—The Pearl Fisheries—An Enterprising Pirate—Success and Failure—His Final Surrender CHAPTER II. -
Sallust's Histories and Triumviral Historiography
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Sallust's Histories and Triumviral Historiography Jennifer Gerrish University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Gerrish, Jennifer, "Sallust's Histories and Triumviral Historiography" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 511. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/511 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/511 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sallust's Histories and Triumviral Historiography Abstract This dissertation explores echoes of the triumviral period in Sallust's Histories and demonstrates how, through analogical historiography, Sallust presents himself as a new type of historian whose "exempla" are flawed and morally ambiguous, and who rejects the notion of a triumphant, ascendant Rome perpetuated by the triumvirs. Just as Sallust's unusual prose style is calculated to shake his reader out of complacency and force critical engagement with the reading process, his analogical historiography requires the reader to work through multiple layers of interpretation to reach the core arguments. In the De Legibus, Cicero lamented the lack of great Roman historians, and frequently implied that he might take up the task himself. He had a clear sense of what history ought to be : encomiastic and exemplary, reflecting a conception of Roman history as a triumphant story populated by glorious protagonists. In Sallust's view, however, the novel political circumstances of the triumviral period called for a new type of historiography. To create a portrait of moral clarity is, Sallust suggests, ineffective, because Romans have been too corrupted by ambitio and avaritia to follow the good examples of the past.