The Separation of Rhodium from Other Platinum-Group
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Repoussé Work for Amateurs
rf Bi oN? ^ ^ iTION av op OCT i 3 f943 2 MAY 8 1933 DEC 3 1938 MAY 6 id i 28 dec j o m? Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Boston Public Library http://www.archive.org/details/repoussworkforamOOhasl GROUP OF LEAVES. Repousse Work for Amateurs. : REPOUSSE WORK FOR AMATEURS: BEING THE ART OF ORNAMENTING THIN METAL WITH RAISED FIGURES. tfjLd*- 6 By L. L. HASLOPE. ILLUSTRATED. LONDON L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, STRAND, W.C, 1887. PRINTED BY A. BRADLEY, 170, STRAND, LONDON. 3W PREFACE. " JjJjtfN these days, when of making books there is no end," ^*^ and every description of work, whether professional or amateur, has a literature of its own, it is strange that scarcely anything should have been written on the fascinating arts of Chasing and Repousse Work. It is true that a few articles have appeared in various periodicals on the subject, but with scarcely an exception they treated only of Working on Wood, and the directions given were generally crude and imperfect. This is the more surprising when we consider how fashionable Repousse Work has become of late years, both here and in America; indeed, in the latter country, "Do you pound brass ? " is said to be a very common question. I have written the following pages in the hope that they might, in some measure, supply a want, and prove of service to my brother amateurs. It has been hinted to me that some of my chapters are rather "advanced;" in other words, that I have gone farther than amateurs are likely to follow me. -
2019 Pricing Grid Numismatic Gold Platinum Palladium Liberty
2019 Pricing of Numismatic Gold, Commemorative Gold, Platinum, and Palladium Products **Does not reflect $5 discount during introductory period Average American Eagle American Eagle American Buffalo American Eagle American Eagle American Liberty Commemorative Gold Commemorative Gold Size Price per Ounce Gold Proof Gold Uncirculated 24K Gold Proof Platinum Proof Palladium Reverse Proof 24K Gold Proof* Uncirculated* $500.00 to $549.99 1 oz $877.50 $840.00 $910.00 $920.00 $937.50 $940.00 1/2 oz $455.00 1/4 oz $240.00 1/10 oz $107.50 $135.00 4-coin set $1,627.50 commemorative gold $240.00 $230.00 commemorative 3-coin set $305.50 $550.00 to $599.99 1 oz $927.50 $890.00 $960.00 $970.00 $987.50 $990.00 1/2 oz $480.00 1/4 oz $252.50 1/10 oz $112.50 $140.00 4-coin set $1,720.00 commemorative gold $252.25 $242.25 commemorative 3-coin set $317.75 $600.00 to $649.99 1 oz $977.50 $940.00 $1,010.00 $1,020.00 $1,037.50 $1,040.00 1/2 oz $505.00 1/4 oz $265.00 1/10 oz $117.50 $145.00 4-coin set $1,812.50 commemorative gold $264.50 $254.50 commemorative 3-coin set $330.00 $650.00 to $699.99 1 oz $1,027.50 $990.00 $1,060.00 $1,070.00 $1,087.50 $1,090.00 1/2 oz $530.00 1/4 oz $277.50 1/10 oz $122.50 $150.00 4-coin set $1,905.00 commemorative gold $276.75 $266.75 commemorative 3-coin set $342.25 $700.00 to $749.99 1 oz $1,077.50 $1,040.00 $1,110.00 $1,120.00 $1,137.50 $1,140.00 1/2 oz $555.00 1/4 oz $290.00 1/10 oz $127.50 $155.00 4-coin set $1,997.50 commemorative gold $289.00 $279.00 commemorative 3-coin set $354.50 $750.00 to $799.99 1 oz $1,127.50 $1,090.00 -
Metals and Metal Products Tariff Schedules of the United States
251 SCHEDULE 6. - METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS TARIFF SCHEDULES OF THE UNITED STATES SCHEDULE 6. - METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS 252 Part 1 - Metal-Bearing Ores and Other Metal-Bearing Schedule 6 headnotes: Materials 1, This schedule does not cover — Part 2 Metals, Their Alloys, and Their Basic Shapes and Forms (II chemical elements (except thorium and uranium) and isotopes which are usefully radioactive (see A. Precious Metals part I3B of schedule 4); B. Iron or Steel (II) the alkali metals. I.e., cesium, lithium, potas C. Copper sium, rubidium, and sodium (see part 2A of sched D. Aluminum ule 4); or E. Nickel (lii) certain articles and parts thereof, of metal, F. Tin provided for in schedule 7 and elsewhere. G. Lead 2. For the purposes of the tariff schedules, unless the H. Zinc context requires otherwise — J. Beryllium, Columbium, Germanium, Hafnium, (a) the term "precious metal" embraces gold, silver, Indium, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Rhenium, platinum and other metals of the platinum group (iridium, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium), and precious- and Zirconium metaI a Iloys; K, Other Base Metals (b) the term "base metal" embraces aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, columbium, copper, gallium, germanium, Part 3 Metal Products hafnium, indium, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, A. Metallic Containers molybdenum, nickel, rhenium, the rare-earth metals (Including B. Wire Cordage; Wire Screen, Netting and scandium and yttrium), selenium, silicon, strontium, tantalum, Fencing; Bale Ties tellurium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, tungsten, urani C. Metal Leaf and FoU; Metallics um, vanadium, zinc, and zirconium, and base-metal alloys; D, Nails, Screws, Bolts, and Other Fasteners; (c) the term "meta I" embraces precious metals, base Locks, Builders' Hardware; Furniture, metals, and their alloys; and Luggage, and Saddlery Hardware (d) in determining which of two or more equally specific provisions for articles "of iron or steel", "of copper", E. -
Testing Gold Platinum Silver.Qxp
PROCEDURES FOR TESTING GOLD, PLATINUM AND SILVER To test for the karat value of gold, platinum and silver, you will need the following materials and tools: • Black acid testing stone that is washed thoroughly with water prior to each test. • Acids. • Gold testing needles with gold tips - used for comparison with test pieces. Testing for 10K, 12K, 14K Scratch the gold piece to be tested on the stone. Next to this position, scratch the appropriate needle (10, 12 or 14K). Place a drop of the appropriate acid on the stone where the gold was rubbed off. If the gold is the same karat or higher, the color of the scratch mark for the gold piece will appear the same as the mark from the needle. If that gold piece is a lower karat, the scratched deposit will become fainter and eventually disappear. Testing for 18K Scratch the test piece on the stone and apply 18K acid. Any gold that is less than 18K will disappear in less than 30 seconds. Gold that remains on the stone is 18K or higher. Testing for 20K and 24K Scratch the gold piece on the stone. Next, scratch any item of know karat (coin or needle) on the stone. Apply one drop of acid to area. The material that starts to disappear has the lower karat. Testing for Platinum Scratch the test item on the stone and apply one drop of acid to the application on the stone. If the material is platinum, it should keep its white, bright color. White Gold The same procedure for platinum can be used for 18K white gold. -
Colloidal Goldgold
ColloidalColloidal GoldGold Markus Niederberger Email: [email protected] 22.11.2006 OutlineOutline 1) Definition 2) History 3) Synthesis 4) Chemical and Physical Properties 5) Applications 6) References DefinitionDefinition Colloidal gold: Stable suspension of sub-micrometer- sized particles of gold in a liquid ShortShort HistoryHistory ofof GoldGold 4000 B.C.: A culture in Eastern Europe begins to use gold to fashion decorative objects 2500 B.C.: Gold jewelry was found in the Tomb of Djer, king of the First Egyptian Dynasty 1200 B.C.: The Egyptians master the art of beating gold into leaf as well as alloying it with other metals for hardness and color variations 1091 B.C.: Little squares of gold are used in China as a form of money 300 B.C.: Greeks and Jews of ancient Alexandria start to practice Alchemy, the quest of turning base metals into gold 200 B.C.: The Romans gain access to the gold mining region of Spain 50 B.C.: The Romans begin issuing a gold coin called the Aureus 1284 A.D.: Venice introduces the gold Ducat, which soon becomes the most popular coin in the world Source: National Mining Association, Washington HistoryHistory ofof GoldGold ColloidsColloids andand theirtheir ApplicationApplication History: Gold in Medicine Humankind has linked the lustre of gold with the warm, life-giving light of the sun. In cultures, which deified the sun, gold represented its earthly form. The earliest records of the use of gold for medicinal and healing purposes come from Alexandria, Egypt. Over 5000 years ago the Egyptians ingested gold for mental and bodily purification. -
Titanium Alloy Data Sheet
M Titanium Alloy Data Sheet Description Titanium equipment is often used in severe corrosive environments encountered in the chemical processing industries. Titanium has been considered an exotic “wonder metal” by many. This was particularly true in reference to castings. However, increasing demands and rapidly advancing technology have permitted titanium castings to be commercially available at an economical cost. The combination of its cost, strength, corrosion resistance, and service life in very demanding corrosive environments suggest its selection in applications where titanium castings have never been considered in the past. Specifications Flowserve’s commercially pure titanium (C.P.-Ti) castings conform to ASTM Specification B367, Grade C-3. Flowserve’s palladium stabilized titanium (Ti-Pd) castings conform to Grade Ti-Pd 8A. Composition C.P.-Ti (C-3) Ti-Pd (8A) Element Percent Percent Nitrogen 0.05 max. 0.05 max. Carbon 0.10 max. 0.10 max. Hydrogen 0.015 max. 0.015 max. Iron 0.25 max. 0.25 max. Oxygen 0.40 max. 0.40 max. Titanium Remainder Remainder Palladium –– 0.12 min. Minimum C.P.-Ti (C-3) & Mechanical Ti-Pd (8A) and Physical Tensile Strength, psi 65,000 Properties MPa 448 Yield Strength, psi 55,000 MPa 379 Elongation, % in 1" (25 mm), min. 12 Brinell Hardness, 3000 kg, max. 235 Modulus of Elasticity, psi 15.5 x 106 MPa 107,000 Coefficient of Expansion, in/in/°F@ 68-800°F 5.5 x 10-6 m/m/°C @ 20-427°C 9.9 x 10-6 Thermal Conductivity, Btu/hr/ft/ft2/°F @ 400° 9.8 WATTS/METER-KELVIN @ 204°C 17 Density lb/cu in 0.136 kg/m3 3760 Melting Point, °F (approx.) 3035 °C 1668 Titanium Alloy Data Sheet (continued) Corrosion The outstanding mechanical and physical properties of titanium, combined with its Resistance unexpected corrosion resistance in many environments, makes it an excellent choice for particularly aggressive environments like wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium and calcium hypochlorite, chlorinated brines, chloride salt solutions, nitric acid, chromic acid, and hydrobromic acid. -
The Platinum/Palladium Process
9 The Platinum/Palladium Process OVERVIEW AND EXPECTATIONS In the majority of the classes and workshops that I’ve taught over the years, “the platinum/palladium process” is the answer that surfaces first when I ask the question, “What process do you want to learn the most?” In this chapter you will learn how, and, as in previous chapters, I begin with a little history. Then you will learn the chemistry and sequence of the various stages to a finished print. This chapter gives you alternatives to traditional platinum/palladium chemistry and provides you with a simple sensitizer “drop chart” that is based on the type of negative you are working with, rather than the print you would like to make. I also provide the beginnings of a trouble-shooting list to assist in hunting down problems that may be showing up in your work. Finally, you’ll get some brief alternative ideas for combining platinum/palladium with other techniques such as Van Dyke and gum bichromate. A LITTLE HISTORY Like most refined non-silver and alternative photographic processes, the art of platinum/palladium printing was developed in pieces over time by a number of dedicated artists and scientists. In 1830, Ferdinand Gehlen recorded the action and effects of light on platinum chloride, noting that UV light would alter the color of platinum salts and cause the ferric salts to precipitate out into a ferrous state. At around the same time, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780–1849) observed the decomposition of ferric oxalate on exposure to UV light and scientifically defined its sensitivity. -
PARASITES PREDATORS and SYMBIONTS a Thesis Submitted To
PARASITES PREDATORS AND SYMBIONTS A thesis submitted to the College of the Arts of Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts By Jody L. Vankeuren May 2021 Thesis written by Jody L. Vankeuren B.F.A., Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, 2018 M.F.A., Kent State University, 2021 Approved by Andrew Kuebeck, M.F.A., Advisor Marie Buukowski, M.F.A., Director, School of Art John R. Crawford- Spinelli, Ed.D., Dean, College of the Arts TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................................... IV AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. V CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 3. PARASITES PREDATORS AND SYMBIONTS- INDIVIDUAL WORKS ............................................. 4 4. INSTALATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 5. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Rhodium Roles Lars Öhrström Relates the Various Roles Played by Rhodium in Our Daily Lives, Ranging from Car Components to Drugs
in your element Rhodium roles Lars Öhrström relates the various roles played by rhodium in our daily lives, ranging from car components to drugs. nce the thin electroplated rhodium information to be extracted by 2D NMR coating that makes new pieces spectroscopy techniques. Oof jewellery extra bright and Several artificial radioactive isotopes are shiny wears off, most of us are likely to also known, including meta-stable nuclear come across rhodium mainly as a crucial isomers. One of those, 103mRh — produced component in catalytic converters for by decay from 103Ru — has been investigated cars. In these devices, metallic particles of as a cancer therapy agent2. In light of its element 45 are embedded in the porous short half-life (59 min) and the slow ligand ceramic structure of the catalyst, and its exchange rates for Rh(iii) complexes, specific role is to help break down nitrogen however, the synthesis and use of 103mRh oxides to innocuous O2 and N2. compounds require careful planning. 4+ In 1988, a year before catalytic converters A variety of complexes based on the Rh2 became compulsory for new cars in Sweden, core have also shown promise as anticancer I encountered this otherwise silver-white compounds. Recently, in an exciting noble metal in a very different form: development, a dirhodium(ii) compound 50 grams of a purple powder, worth half a featuring a ligand endowed with an organic year’s pay for a graduate student. This price 3, ACS REF. FROM REPRODUCED fluorophore has been shown to be taken up reflected both the fact that element 45 is for applications, and the reason behind by cancer cells in a different manner than the typically the most expensive of the platinum William S. -
A History of Iridium OVERCOMING the DIFFICULTIES of MELTING and FABRICATION by L
A History of Iridium OVERCOMING THE DIFFICULTIES OF MELTING AND FABRICATION By L. B. Hunt The Johnson Matthey Group The use in unmanned space craft of iridium to encapsulate the radio- isotope thermoelectric generators, where temperatures of up to 20OO0C have to be withstood over several years of operation, with possible impact velocities of 90 metres per second, has focused greater attention on the remarkable properties of this member of the platinum group of metals. But these same properties of very high melting point and great mechanical strength have been the cause of difficulties in its melting and fabrication over a long period of years. How these problems were tackled and eventually overcome is described in this article. One of the less well-known members of the For some fifty years after the discovery of platinum group, iridium possesses quite platinum in South America and the early remarkable chemical and physical properties. It investigations of its properties by a number of is not only the most resistant of all metals to English, French, German and Swedish scien- corrosion, insoluble in all mineral acids in- tists, it was not realised that the native platinum cluding aqua regia and unattacked by other they were examining also contained other molten metals or by silicates at high tem- elements. The first to recognise that a small in- peratures, but has a very high melting point soluble residue survived the dissolution of and is the only metal to maintain good native platinum in aqua regia was the French mechanical properties in air at temperatures chemist Joseph Louis Proust, working for a above 1600OC.Its great stability can be gauged time in Madrid under the patronage of King from its physical properties, outlined in the Carlos IV, but he failed to grasp that other Table. -
Material Safety Data Sheet AQUA REGIA, 2-1-5 (NITRIC 20%/HCL 5%)
2290 Avenue A, Bethlehem, PA 18017 Effective Date: 4/16/2010 NON-EMERGENCY TELEPHONE 24-HOUR CHEMTREC EMERGENCY TELEPHONE 610-866-4225 800-424-9300 Material Safety Data Sheet AQUA REGIA, 2-1-5 (NITRIC 20%/HCL 5%) 1. Product Identification: MIXED ACID CONTAINING NITRIC ACID AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID Synonyms: None CAS No: N/A Molecular Weight: N/A Chemical Formula: N/A 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous Nitric Acid 7697-37-2 1 - 25% Yes Hydrochloric Acid 7647-01-0 1 – 10% Yes Water 7732-18-5 65 - 98% No 3. Hazards Identification Emergency Overview POISON! DANGER! CORROSIVE! CORROSIVE. LIQUID AND MIST CAUSE SEVERE BURNS TO ALL BODY TISSUE. MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. INHALATION MAY CAUSE LUNG AND TOOTH DAMAGE. Potential Health Effects Nitric acid is extremely hazardous; it is a corrosive and a poison. In concentrated solutions it is an oxidizer. Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive. Mixtures of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid may form aqua regia releasing toxic nitrosyl chloride (yellow to reddish-brown) gas. Inhalation: Corrosive! Inhalation of vapors can cause breathing difficulties and lead to pneumonia and pulmonary edema, which may be fatal. Other symptoms may include coughing, choking, and irritation of the nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Ingestion: 1 Corrosive! Swallowing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid can cause immediate pain and burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. Skin Contact: Corrosive! Can cause redness, pain, and severe skin burns. Concentrated solutions cause deep ulcers and stain skin a yellow or yellow-brown color. Eye Contact: Corrosive! Vapors are irritating and may cause damage to the eyes. -
Advertising Platinum Jewelry
FTC FACTS for Business Advertising Platinum Jewelry ftc.gov The Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC’s) Jewelry Guides describe how to accurately mark and advertise the platinum content of the jewelry you market or sell. Platinum jewelry can be alloyed with other metals: either precious platinum group metals (PGMs) — iridium, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, and osmium — or non-precious base metals like copper and cobalt. In recent years, manufacturers have alloyed some platinum jewelry with a larger percentage of base metals. Recent revisions to the FTC’s Jewelry Guides address the marking of jewelry made of platinum and non-precious metal alloys and when disclosures are appropriate. When Disclosures Should Be Made Product descriptions should not be misleading, and they should disclose material information to jewelry buyers. If the platinum/base metal-alloyed item you are selling does not have the properties of products that are almost pure platinum or have a very high percentage of platinum, you should disclose that to prospective buyers. They may want to know about the value of the product as well as its durability, luster, density, scratch resistance, tarnish resistance, its ability to be resized or repaired, how well it retains precious metal over time, and whether it’s hypoallergenic. You may claim your product has these properties only if you have competent and reliable scientific evidence that your product — that has been alloyed with 15 to 50 percent non-precious or base metals — doesn’t differ in a material way from a product that is 85 percent or more pure platinum. Facts for Business Terms Used in Advertising • Jewelry that has 850 parts per thousand pure platinum — meaning that it is 85 percent pure • Any item that is less than 500 parts per platinum and 15 percent other metals — may be thousand pure platinum should not be marked referred to as “traditional platinum.” The other or described as platinum even if you modify the metals can include either PGMs or non-precious term by adding the piece’s platinum content in base metals.