A History of Iridium OVERCOMING the DIFFICULTIES of MELTING and FABRICATION by L
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Package 'Ciaawconsensus'
Package ‘CIAAWconsensus’ September 19, 2018 Type Package Title Isotope Ratio Meta-Analysis Version 1.3 Author Juris Meija and Antonio Possolo Maintainer Juris Meija <[email protected]> Description Calculation of consensus values for atomic weights, isotope amount ratios, and iso- topic abundances with the associated uncertainties using multivariate meta-regression ap- proach for consensus building. License Unlimited LazyData yes Imports mvtnorm, stringr, numDeriv, stats, Matrix NeedsCompilation no Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2018-09-19 13:30:12 UTC R topics documented: abundances2ratios . .2 at.weight . .3 ciaaw.mass.2003 . .4 ciaaw.mass.2012 . .5 ciaaw.mass.2016 . .6 iridium.data . .6 mmm ............................................7 normalize.ratios . .8 platinum.data . .9 Index 10 1 2 abundances2ratios abundances2ratios Isotope ratios of a chemical element from isotopic abundances Description This function calculates the isotope ratios of a chemical element from the given isotopic abundances and their uncertainties. The uncertainty evaluation is done using the propagation of uncertainty and the missing correlations between the isotopic abundances are reconstructed using Monte Carlo methods. Usage abundances2ratios(x, ux, ref=1, iterations=1e4) Arguments x A vector of isotopic abundances of an element ux Standard uncertainties of x ref Index to specify the desired reference isotope for isotope amount ratios iterations Number of iterations for isotopic abundance correlation mapping Details Situations are often encountered where isotopic abundances are reported but not the isotope ratios. In such cases we reconstruct the isotope ratios that are consistent with the abundances and their uncertainties. Given only the abundances and their uncertainties, for elements with four or more isotopes one cannot unambiguously infer the uncertainties of the ratios due to the unknown correla- tions between isotopic abundances. -
Pi Kappa Alpha's OFFICERS LEADERSIDP ACADEMY
Pi Kappa Alpha's OFFICERS LEADERSIDP ACADEMY JULY 27-31, 1991 :MEMPIDS STATE UNIVERSITY :MEMPIDS, TENNESSEE Highlights: Educational Sessions for SMCs IMCs ThCs Rush Chairmen Membership Educators Chapter Advisors Enjoy Discussions with National Officers Attend the Smythe Award Banquet Meet Prominent Pike Alumni Make Your Plans Now To Attend This Important Event! Shield &Diamond VOLUME 102 I NUMBER 1 I MARCH 1991 IN THIS ISSUE: Shield & Diamond DR. WILLIAM L. SIMS: 1990 PIKE FOOTBALL REVIEW celebrates 100 years of bringing fraternal THIS GUY'S NO SQUARE TOMATO Pi Kappa Alpha Members Distinguish news and information to Pi Kappa Alpha's Alumnus Profile by William N. LilForge Th emselves on the Gridiron ever-increasing ranks. .... .. .. ...... .. ...... ll by Jay lAng hammer ..... .. ........ 20 UPDATE 100 YEARS OF SHIELD & DIAMOND National Interfraternity Conference Celebrating Our Magazin e's Centennial Bestows Silver Medal Upon .. .. .. ....... ... ..... 13 Edward A. Pease PiKA COACHES BOWL OVER OPPONENTS 1991 SMC Conference Successful: COMMUNITY SERVICE Presents Fi ve-Point Plan For The 90s ACCOLADES Coaches Bill McCartney, Bobby Bowden ........ ....... .. ..... .. ..... .. 4 and Howard Schnellenberger Commendations to Our Chapters ... ..... .. ...... 22 ... .... .. .. ...... .. .. .. ffi IN THE SERVICE OF OUR COUNTRY... PI KAPPA ALPHA As in every other time of wa r since 1868, EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION Pikes are once again responding to our ALUMNI NOTES Dr. Robert D. Lynn Memorial Receives country's call. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. 23-37 -
Iridium Platinum Alloys
Iridium Platinum Alloys A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THEIR CONSTITUTION AND PROPERTIES By A. s. Darling, Ph.D., A.M.1.Mech.E. Native crystals of iridium-platinum are Journal of Science, in 1860, remarked some- frequently found in association with platinum what incredulously: “The platinum makers of ores. These natural alloys, of rather variable Paris are manufacturing these alloys and composition, occur as grains, and sometimes contrary to the wishes of the discoverers are as small cubes with rounded edges. Although extracting higher prices for them than for the geographical distribution is fairly wide pure platinum”. the major deposits appear to be in the Urals. Prominent physicists were, at this period One such crystal, described in I940 by Masing, of the nineteenth century, devoting consider- Eckhardt and Kloiber (I) had a well-defined able effort to the problems involved in repre- two-phase micro-structure. senting their fundamental and derived units Synthetic alloys were produced at an early in concrete form. Iridium-platinum alloys date. Gaudin (z), who fused spheres of a came to fill a unique position in the scale 10per cent iridium-platinum alloy on hearths of substances capable of retaining indefin- of lime and magnesia, commented in 1838 itely their mass, form, and linear dimensions. upon the lustre, malleability and extreme In addition to their corrosion resistance corrosion resistance of the resultant product. and good mechanical properties they were Twenty years later, however, iridium was readily workable and of fairly high electrical still regarded as a troublesome impurity in resistance. No internal transformations were platinum, but the researches of Sainte-Claire recognised in those days and the alloys were Deville and Debray (3) did much to dispel established as materials par exceZZence for this illusion. -
The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Development of the Periodic Table and its Consequences Citation: J. Emsley (2019) The Devel- opment of the Periodic Table and its Consequences. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 15-27. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-297 John Emsley Copyright: © 2019 J. Emsley. This is Alameda Lodge, 23a Alameda Road, Ampthill, MK45 2LA, UK an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Chemistry is fortunate among the sciences in having an icon that is instant- Creative Commons Attribution License, ly recognisable around the world: the periodic table. The United Nations has deemed which permits unrestricted use, distri- 2019 to be the International Year of the Periodic Table, in commemoration of the 150th bution, and reproduction in any medi- anniversary of the first paper in which it appeared. That had been written by a Russian um, provided the original author and chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, and was published in May 1869. Since then, there have source are credited. been many versions of the table, but one format has come to be the most widely used Data Availability Statement: All rel- and is to be seen everywhere. The route to this preferred form of the table makes an evant data are within the paper and its interesting story. Supporting Information files. Keywords. Periodic table, Mendeleev, Newlands, Deming, Seaborg. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of periodic tables but the one that is widely repro- duced has the approval of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is shown in Fig.1. -
Colloidal Goldgold
ColloidalColloidal GoldGold Markus Niederberger Email: [email protected] 22.11.2006 OutlineOutline 1) Definition 2) History 3) Synthesis 4) Chemical and Physical Properties 5) Applications 6) References DefinitionDefinition Colloidal gold: Stable suspension of sub-micrometer- sized particles of gold in a liquid ShortShort HistoryHistory ofof GoldGold 4000 B.C.: A culture in Eastern Europe begins to use gold to fashion decorative objects 2500 B.C.: Gold jewelry was found in the Tomb of Djer, king of the First Egyptian Dynasty 1200 B.C.: The Egyptians master the art of beating gold into leaf as well as alloying it with other metals for hardness and color variations 1091 B.C.: Little squares of gold are used in China as a form of money 300 B.C.: Greeks and Jews of ancient Alexandria start to practice Alchemy, the quest of turning base metals into gold 200 B.C.: The Romans gain access to the gold mining region of Spain 50 B.C.: The Romans begin issuing a gold coin called the Aureus 1284 A.D.: Venice introduces the gold Ducat, which soon becomes the most popular coin in the world Source: National Mining Association, Washington HistoryHistory ofof GoldGold ColloidsColloids andand theirtheir ApplicationApplication History: Gold in Medicine Humankind has linked the lustre of gold with the warm, life-giving light of the sun. In cultures, which deified the sun, gold represented its earthly form. The earliest records of the use of gold for medicinal and healing purposes come from Alexandria, Egypt. Over 5000 years ago the Egyptians ingested gold for mental and bodily purification. -
The Separation and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 The epS aration and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium. Harry Edward Moseley Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Moseley, Harry Edward, "The eS paration and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1559. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1559 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ThU dissertation has been 69-17,123 microfilmsd exactly as received MOSELEY, Harry Edward, 1929- THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, PhJ>., 1969 Chemistry, analytical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry Harry Edward Moseley B.S., Lpuisiana State University, 1951 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1952 J anuary, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to Dr. Eugene W. Berg under whose direction this work was performed, to Dr. A. D. Shendrikar for his help in the tracer studies, and to Mr. J. H. R. Streiffer for his help in writing the com puter program. -
Miami Medical College
Form No. 034. 10 M. 12. '09. M. REFERENCE COLLECTION ALUMNI CATALOGUE -OF-- MIAMI MEDICAL COLLEGE , OF CINCINNATI. Including Members of the Faculty. COMPILED 'FOR THE COLLEGE BY ARCHIBALD I. CARSON, M. D. Second Edition. ~~~o -..,-#(-,--~~ 6, I NOTE. The Secretary of the College would like to be notified of any inaccuracies in the following pages. Contents. PAGE. History of the College ...................... .......... II ............... 5 Deans ..... .., ... , .......... ................................................ , .' .................... ". ...... .. 8 Faculty .................. , ........................................................... 9 Lecturers, Demonstrators and Instructors ....................... 13 Present Faculty ............... ., ... , .. e ......... , ........................ ,.).;, ....... 17 Present Lecturers and Demonstrators .. '.................. , ....... 18 Class Register ................ ... .. .. .... .. ... ........ ..... .. .... .. .................... .. .......... 21 Recapi tulation .............. 'I.... ......... ........ .......... ........... .................... ".......... 106 Alphabetical List of Alumni ................................... ' ..... 109 Officers of Alumnal Association .................................... 127 Officers of Alumnal Association for 1900-01 ........ " ......... 134 History of the College. By WM. H. TAYLOR, M. D. "The first meeting of the Faculty of the Miami Medical College, of Cincinnati, was held at the office of JNO. F. WHITE, M. D., on Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, -
Material Safety Data Sheet AQUA REGIA, 2-1-5 (NITRIC 20%/HCL 5%)
2290 Avenue A, Bethlehem, PA 18017 Effective Date: 4/16/2010 NON-EMERGENCY TELEPHONE 24-HOUR CHEMTREC EMERGENCY TELEPHONE 610-866-4225 800-424-9300 Material Safety Data Sheet AQUA REGIA, 2-1-5 (NITRIC 20%/HCL 5%) 1. Product Identification: MIXED ACID CONTAINING NITRIC ACID AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID Synonyms: None CAS No: N/A Molecular Weight: N/A Chemical Formula: N/A 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous Nitric Acid 7697-37-2 1 - 25% Yes Hydrochloric Acid 7647-01-0 1 – 10% Yes Water 7732-18-5 65 - 98% No 3. Hazards Identification Emergency Overview POISON! DANGER! CORROSIVE! CORROSIVE. LIQUID AND MIST CAUSE SEVERE BURNS TO ALL BODY TISSUE. MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. INHALATION MAY CAUSE LUNG AND TOOTH DAMAGE. Potential Health Effects Nitric acid is extremely hazardous; it is a corrosive and a poison. In concentrated solutions it is an oxidizer. Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive. Mixtures of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid may form aqua regia releasing toxic nitrosyl chloride (yellow to reddish-brown) gas. Inhalation: Corrosive! Inhalation of vapors can cause breathing difficulties and lead to pneumonia and pulmonary edema, which may be fatal. Other symptoms may include coughing, choking, and irritation of the nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Ingestion: 1 Corrosive! Swallowing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid can cause immediate pain and burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. Skin Contact: Corrosive! Can cause redness, pain, and severe skin burns. Concentrated solutions cause deep ulcers and stain skin a yellow or yellow-brown color. Eye Contact: Corrosive! Vapors are irritating and may cause damage to the eyes. -
P–V–T Equation of State of Iridium up to 80 Gpa and 3100 K
crystals Article P–V–T Equation of State of Iridium Up to 80 GPa and 3100 K Simone Anzellini 1,* , Leonid Burakovsky 2, Robin Turnbull 3 , Enrico Bandiello 3 and Daniel Errandonea 3 1 Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Diamond House, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK 2 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Física Aplicada-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] (R.T.); [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (D.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In the present study, the high-pressure high-temperature equation of the state of iridium has been determined through a combination of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments using laser-heating diamond-anvil cells (up to 48 GPa and 3100 K) and density-functional theory calcula- tions (up to 80 GPa and 3000 K). The melting temperature of iridium at 40 GPa was also determined experimentally as being 4260 (200) K. The results obtained with the two different methods are fully consistent and agree with previous thermal expansion studies performed at ambient pressure. The resulting thermal equation of state can be described using a third-order Birch–Murnaghan formalism with a Berman thermal-expansion model. The present equation of the state of iridium can be used as a reliable primary pressure standard for static experiments up to 80 GPa and 3100 K. -
The Radiochemistry of Iridium-- +- -:, G
———..————- !546.8 L472ra NAS-NS 3045 .c.8 THE RADIOCHEMISTRY OF IRIDIUM-- +- -:, G. W. Leddicotte ‘1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee October 1961 .- .- .. --.—- ---- -. ---- -. —.-. .- ---- ---- --- .- .. .- .— .— –. —-. .— —- -- -—. I -.. - -.. I ..-.- . -. I .. .. .. -- 1.- REPORT selection aids Pinpointing R & D rej9G7t8for hdu.st~ Clearinghouse, Sprhgfleld, Va, 22151 GOVERNMENT-WIDE INDEX—SEMI-MONTHLY GUIDE TO FEDERAL SCIIZNTIYIC AND TECH- NICAL REPORTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION S22.00 ($27.50 FOREIGN MAILING). SINGLE COPY $3.00. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REPORTS_EMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL ANNOUNCING R&D REPORTS. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION 830.00 ($27A0 FOREIGN MAILING). SINGLE COPY $3.00. FAST ANNOUNCEMENT SERVICE—SUMMARIES OF SELIZCTED R&D REPORTS MAILED ❑ Y INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES, SS.00 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION. WRITE FOR AN APPLICATION FORM. DOCUMENT PRICES~FFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 19s7 THE CLEARINGHOUSE CHANGED ITS PRICING POLICY FOR DOCUMENT SALES FROM A SLIDING PRICE SCALE BASED ON DOCUMENT SIZE TO A SINGLE PRICE FOR DOCUMENTS SOLD. THE NEW DOCUMENT PRICE FOR A PAPER COPY (HARD COPY - HC) DOCUMENT IS $3.00. THE NEW PRICE FOR A MICROFICHE (MFI COPY IS s.ss PER DOcuMENT. THEsE PRICES ALSO ApPLY TO DOCUMENTS ANNOUNCED PRIOR TO JANUARY 1, 1967. THE NEW UNIT PRICES ARE BELOW THE PREVIOUS AVERAGE PRICES OF DOCUMENTS SOLD BY THE CLEARINGHOUSE. EFFICIENCIES IN ORDER PROCESSING RESULTING FROM THE SINGLE PRICE POLICY MAKE THE LOWER AVERAGE PRICE POSSIBLE. THE CLEARINGHOUSE SEL15 COUPONS FOR THE PURCHASE OF DOCUMENTS WHICH SIMPLIFY ORDERING AND HANDLING ❑ Y BOTH THE CLEARINGHOUSE AND ITS CUSTOMERS, PERMITTING THE CLEARINGHOUSE TO GIVE FASTER SERVICE ON DOCUMENT REQUESTS. THE COUPON IS A TABULATING CARD WITH A FACE VALUE OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF A CLEARINGHOUSE DOCUMENT (S3.00 FOR HC, $.SS FOR MF). -
Periodic Table 1 Periodic Table
Periodic table 1 Periodic table This article is about the table used in chemistry. For other uses, see Periodic table (disambiguation). The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic numbers (numbers of protons in the nucleus), electron configurations , and recurring chemical properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number, which is typically listed with the chemical symbol in each box. The standard form of the table consists of a grid of elements laid out in 18 columns and 7 Standard 18-column form of the periodic table. For the color legend, see section Layout, rows, with a double row of elements under the larger table. below that. The table can also be deconstructed into four rectangular blocks: the s-block to the left, the p-block to the right, the d-block in the middle, and the f-block below that. The rows of the table are called periods; the columns are called groups, with some of these having names such as halogens or noble gases. Since, by definition, a periodic table incorporates recurring trends, any such table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements and predict the properties of new, yet to be discovered or synthesized, elements. As a result, a periodic table—whether in the standard form or some other variant—provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior, and such tables are widely used in chemistry and other sciences. Although precursors exist, Dmitri Mendeleev is generally credited with the publication, in 1869, of the first widely recognized periodic table. -
WHAT's WRONG with the SOCIAL SCIENCES? the Perils of the Postmodern
WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? The Perils of the Postmodern Michael A. Faia College of William & Mary 1993 For Caitlin, Josephine, Gusty, and Pancho Et si je connais, moi, une fleur unique au monde, qui n'existe nulle part, sauf dans ma planète, et qu'un petit mouton peut anéantir d'un seul coup, comme ça, un matin, sans se rendre compte de ce qu'il fait, ce n'est pas important ça! —Antoine de Saint-Exupéry iii Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE SOCIAL SCIENCES? 1 (1) The dialectics of disenchantment 2 (1.1) Predictability, vulcanology, seismology, and (especially) meteorology 6 (1.2) Molecular mysteries and habits of the quark 8 (1.3) Rosaldo revisited: How would the catcher in the rye have felt? 12 (2) The trouble with feminist theory 13 (3) Titles and tribulations 17 (4) Solicitous gatekeepers, #1 25 (5) Itching and scratching: a Lazarsfeldian digression through an SPSS 27 hologram (6) Transcending the transcendentalists 30 (7) What do you presuppose, and when did you presuppose it? The Sisyphus of the social sciences 33 (8) The meaning of politics and the politics of meaning 38 Chapter 2: MICHEL FOUCAULT, MACHINES WHO THINK, AND THE HUMAN SCIENCES 57 (1) “Man the machine—man the impersonal engine” 57 (2) Good, bad, or ugly? 67 (3) Mitigating circumstances 70 iv (4) In conclusion: Oodles of Boodles 74 (5) Why Foucault needed Lindroth, and why Lindroth needed Foucault 75 Chapter 3: IN PRAISE OF THE NULL HYPOTHESIS: THE MYTH OF “THE VALUE-FREE MYTH” 83 (1) The nature and extent of bias in scientific research 83 (2) Quashing the indictment: Can a Comtean rule a country? 85 (2.1) Positions 86 (2.2) Correctives 87 (2.3) Motives: A series of acts contrary ..