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Diversity and Relative Abundance of Citrus Pollinators in District Haripur, Pakistan

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Diversity and Relative Abundance of Citrus Pollinators in District Haripur, Pakistan Pakistan J. Agric. Res. Vol. 29 No.3, 2016 DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS IN DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN Abdul Haq*, Anjum Shehzad**, Muhammad Ilyas**, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**, Abdul Rauf Bhatti** and Mian Inayatullah* ABSTRACT:- As many as 3094 specimens of adult citrus pollinators collected from district Haripur represented four orders of insects i.e., Diptera with 16 species, Hymenoptera with 14 species, Lepidoptera with 3 species and Coleoptera with 2 species. The calculated values of relative abundance showed thatMusca domestica is most abundant species in ecosystem followed bySarcophaga sp. and Apis mellifera . All calculated values of diversity indices except Shannon-H does not show significant difference. Shannon's diversity shows that Naseem Town is most diverse locality then Nikrian B with relative values of 2.213 and 1.136. Key Words: Citrus; Insect Pollinators; Species; Identification; Pakistan. INTRODUCTION total pollination activities are done by insects and bees (Robinson and Pollination is one of the most Morse, 1989). Co-evolution of important mechanisms in the flowering plants and their pollinators maintenance and conservation of started about 225 million years ago biodiversity and life on earth. Two (Price, 1975). Both the abundance thirds of the world's 3000 species of and diversity of insect pollinators agricultural crops require pollinators. documented as beneficial to the yield Pollination by insects and other of numerous crops (Talavera et al., arthropods is a requirement for about 2001; Kremen et al., 2002). It has 90% of flowering plants (Linder, been established from records that 1998, Ollerton, 1999). Pollination is insects were potentially effective essential for the sexual reproduction pollinators and their visits to flowers of plants, required for the production increased` the fruit production (Luce of a wide range of crops including and Morris, 1928; Leppik, 1960). fruits, nuts and fibers and it Among the several animals, insects increases yield of other crops such as particularly honey bees, dominate in coffee and oranges (Gordon and providing pollination services to Davis, 2003; Klein et al., 2007). several plants (Meena, 2012). Thapa Worldwide economic value of the (2006) reported that over 50 species pollination service provided by insect of insects visited flowers of 17 pollinators, bees mainly was 153 different species of selected crops billion dollars in 2005 for the main during flowering periods. Asif et al. crops that feed the world (Blawat and (2008) studied the insect pollinators Fingler, 1994). More than 80% of the of onion. Saeed et al. (2012) con- * Department of Entomology, Faculty of Plant Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. **National Insect Museum, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Corresponding author: [email protected] 244 ABDUL HAQ ET AL cluded that pollinator community of adult pollinators were collected by bitter gourd comprised 15 insect using white, florescent blue and species belonging to 3 orders and 10 florescent yellow bowls traps. Seventy families, bees were the dominant two pan traps, 24 each of florescent- floral visitors while moths and wasps blue, florescent-yellow and were denoted as occasional and five florescent- white placed at 5 m apart major pollinators were tested for their from each other. Bowls were placed in single-visit efficacy, showing that A. a line with alternate colors at open, dorsata was the most effective visible and shiny place. Each pan trap pollinator, along withA. florea and was filled with water and a few grains Eristalinus laetus. Conservation and of detergent (surf ) in it to minimize the enhancement of these pollinators surface tension of water. Bowls were may increase bitter gourd (Momordica placed from 0900h to 1600h. At the charantia L.) production in Pakistan. end of sample period the liquid in pan Shahid et al. (2013) explored the traps was sieved to extract the insects pollinator fauna of Litchi resulting 23 and were washed in water 2-3 times. species under 16 genera in 8 families The collected insects were transferred of Orders Hymenoptera and Diptera to sealable killing jars with ethyl from Haripur. In Pakistan, Sarwar et acetate. The collected specimen were al. (2008 and 2012) studied effect of pinned, labeled and preserved in honey bee on fruit setting and yield of collection boxes. Specimens were cucumber and Sajjad et al. (2012) identified with relevant literature and studied spatial variation in pollinator deposited at National Insect Museum communities and reproductive National Agricultural Research performance ofProsopis julifora . Centre, Islamabad. Pakistan enjoys a well-known position among leading citrus pro- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ducing countries of the world. Citrus is grown in Pakistan on 176400 ha with an annual production of 243800 During the present study total of tons (GoP, 2006). Orange, Tangerine, 3094 specimens were collected. Thi- Kino, Musammi, Lime, Grapefruit, rty five species in 25 genera belonging Lemon, etc. are produced in abun- to 4 orders, 13 families and 17 sub- dance in Pakistan. Khanpur in families were identified. The orders include Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepi- District Haripur, Pakistan is famous doptera and Hymenoptera (Table 1). for its unique orange production. The Order Diptera represented four Red orange and Succri are mostly families namely, Syrphidae, Musci- grown varieties in Haripur District. dae, Sarcophagidae and Calipho- Present study is under taken to ridae. Syrphidae is the much encoun- evaluate diversity and relative abun- tered family on citrus in the sampled dance of insect pollinators in citrus area and 13 species were collected. orchards at Haripur. The family is represented by three subfamilies including Syrphinae, MATERIALS AND METHOD Eristalinae and Chrysotoxinae. Family Muscidae was much The study was conducted from abundant but represented by a single March 13, 2013 to April 30, 2013. The species. Sarcophagidae was also not 245 DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS Table 1. Number of individuals of sented only by one species of genus citrus pollinators in Haripur Lucilia. Similarly Syrphidae were District represented by Ischiodon scutellaris Fabricius, Scaevea pyrastri S. No Species No of Linnaeus,Betasyrpus issaci Bhatia, specimens Melanostoma orientale Wiedeman, 1 Musca domestica 2023 Episyrphus balteatus De Geer, 2 Sarcophaga sp. 228 Eupeodesspp. Eristalis cerealis 3 Apis mellifera 124 Fabricius,Eristalis tenax Linnaeus, 4 0rthalia sp. 110 Eristalinus quinquelineatus Fabricus 5 Episyrphus balteatus 108 andChrysotoxum baphyrus Walk. 6 Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) sp. 96 Order Hymenoptera is repre- 7 Apis cerana 86 sented by five families; Andrenidae, 8 Apis florae 72 Halictidae, Megachilidae, Apidae and 9 Lucilia sp. 61 Vespidae. Among all families of 10 Osmia sp. 48 Hymenoptera, Apidae is most abun- 11 Apis dorsata 20 dant with two subfamilies and eight 12 Ischiodon scutellaris 18 species while family Halictidae resul- 13 L. (Lasioglossum s. str.) sp. 17 ted in only one subfamily including 14 Melanostoma orientale 14 four species. Family Andrenidae, 15 Megandrena s.str. sp. 12 16 Eupeodes confrater 9 Megachilidae and Vespidae resulted 17 Scaevea pyrastri 6 with only one subfamily and one 18 Vaspid Wasp 5 species each. 19 Eristalis cerealis 5 Subfamily Andreninae repre- 20 Harmonia dimidiata 4 sented by only one species of genus 21 Coccinella septempunctata 4 Megandrena sp. Subfamily Helictinae 22 Ceratina sexmaculata 4 contained four species. Subfamily 23 Ceratina hieroglyphica 4 Megachilinae was rare one with only 24 Ceratina binghami 3 one species. Subfamily Apinae was 25 Xylocopa fenstrata 2 most abundant subfamily of order 26 Sphecodes sp. 2 Hymenoptera as pollinator of citrus 27 Pieris brassicae 1 with seven species. Subfamilies 28 Lycaena phlaeas 1 Xylocopinae and Vespinae also 29 Eupeodes pseudonitens 1 recorded by only one species each. 30 Eupeodes corollae 1 31 Eristalis tenax 1 Species of order Hymenoptera are 32 Eristalis quinquelineatus 1 Megandrena s.str, Cockrell, 33 Chrysotoxum baphyrus 1 Sphecodessp. L. ( Lasioglossum s. str. ) 34 Betasyrpus issaci 1 sp., Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) sp. 35 Argyreus hyperbius 1 Osmia Panzer s.strsp. Apis florea , Apis mellifera,, Apis dorsata Apis Total 3094 cerana,, Ceratina hieroglyphica Certaina sexmaculata, Certaina represented well and only one i.e., binghami, Xylocopa fenstrata and Sarcophaga sp. belonging to Sarco- wasp species. phaginae was visiting the citrus Order Coleoptera is identified flowers. Family Calliphoridae is not a with only one family Coccinellidae frequent group on citrus and repre- subfamily Coccinellinae species are 246 ABDUL HAQ ET AL Coccinella septempunctata and sample, as large sampled locality Harmonia dimidiataFabricius . In this contain more taxa. order both species showed same Nakamura index results showed abundance. that all values were less than one, Order Lepidoptera is represented which did not show any difference by three families; Nymphalidae, among all localities as this index Lyceanidae and Pieridae. All three increases towards one. subfamilies of this order are resulted Localities selected for sampling by only one species and same were 3 orchards with red blood abundance from all orchards of citrus variety of citrus and two with mixed in sampling localities. Species cultivation. Among mixed cultivation include Argyreus hyperbius one orchard of red blood was mixed Johanssen, Lycaena
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