Standards and Compatibility: the Rise of the PC Computing Platform”
PREPRINT James Sumner “Standards and compatibility: the rise of the PC computing platform” Published in final form in: James Sumner and Graeme J N Gooday, eds. By Whose Standards? Standardization, stability and uniformity in the history of information and electrical technologies. Volume 28 of History of Technology (series editor: Ian Inkster). London: Continuum 2008. Pages 101127. The text on the following pages represents a provisional version of the document, and is not intended for citation. It was compiled close to final publication but is not necessarily reliable as to wording, presentation or pagination. In case of queries, please contact the author via his website at www.jbsumner.com. Please don’t distribute the text without this notice attached. © the author 2008 Standardsand Compatibility: The Rise of the PC Computing Platform JAMES SUMNER INTRODUCTION Most mass-market computers today follow a single technical archetype: what used to be known as the `IBM PC standard', but has extended so far beyond its original specifications and become so ubiquitous as scarcely to require definition. A computer for individual use, typically, is a box with separate keyboard and monitor, or else a flat notebook with a fold-out screen; employs a Microsoft operating system, on an International Business Machines(IBM)-derived hardware architecture, usingan Intel-derived microprocessor; and is primarily set up for use as an office tool, though it can be coaxed into performing many other tasks. Compatibility or interoperability with thesenormsand expectationsisa principal consideration for office, educational and home users. The `PC' did not reach its commanding position through legislative intervention or formalized regulatory guidance.
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