Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve
UNIT 3, LESSON 3
Learning Goals Connection to the ӹӹ God made Adam and Eve in His image Catechism of the and likeness to live out the roles of priest, Catholic Church prophet, king, son or daughter of God, ӹӹ CCC 374-379 and spouse. ӹӹ CCC 388-389 ӹӹ Adam and Eve sinned because of the ӹ CCC 396-406 temptation of the devil. ӹ ӹӹ CCC 410-412 ӹӹ Original Sin distorted the state of Original Justice in which man was created and is transmitted to all human beings. Vocabulary ӹӹ God promised to save us from our sins. ӹӹ Priest ӹӹ Prophet ӹӹ King ӹӹ Son/Daughter of God ӹӹ Spouse ӹӹ Shamar ӹӹ Dominion ӹӹ Navi ӹӹ Original Sin ӹӹ Original Justice ӹӹ Concupiscence ӹӹ Nahash ӹӹ Protoevangelium
BIBLICAL TOUCHSTONES
I will put enmity between you and the woman, For I do not do what I want, but I do what I hate. and between your offspring and hers; They will ROMANS 7:15 strike at your head, while you strike at their heel.
PSALM 8:4-6
175 Lesson Plan
Materials ӹӹ Adam Comes to Eden ӹӹ Original Justice ӹӹ The Roles of Adam Reading Guide ӹӹ Original Sin ӹӹ The Five Roles of Adam Diagram ӹӹ Teacher Resource: The Five Roles ӹӹ The Fall of Man of Adam Props
DAY ONE
Adam omes to Eden Note: In advance, print enough Teacher Resource: UIS UARE C The Five Roles of Adam Props (page 193 in this guide) to give one to each student.
Warm-Up A. Project an image of the photograph on Adam Comes to Eden (page 113). Give students several minutes to quietly view the art before you say or ask anything. Allow them to come up and stand closer to the image to examine details. B. Once several minutes have passed, ask students:
C I ӹӹ What do you first notice about this work of art? ӹӹ What is happening in this picture? In the first image, God (Jesus) is leading Adam into the Garden of Eden. Jesus is pointing out the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. ӹӹ What do you notice about Adam’s face in this work of art? Why do you think he is depicted like this? Adam’s face looks like Jesus’ face. The artist is likely trying to show that Adam was made in God’s image and likeness. ӹӹ Why do you think Jesus is included in the image? Jesus is God become man. Jesus told us that when we see Him, we see the Father. Therefore, the artist has chosen to depict God in this image as Jesus. ӹӹ Adam’s hand is over his heart. What might this mean? Eve was created from a rib taken from Adam’s side. The artist may be indicating the “loneliness” of Adam before Eve was created.
176 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN
Activity e oles o a ea n e A. Have students turn to The Roles of Adam e ons For each role, read the Scripture and the commentary, then answer the questions that follow. P o e
Reading Guide (page 114) in their workbooks. Genesis 2:1 20: The LORD God said: It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suited to him. So theP es LORD God formed out of the ground all the wild animals and all the birds of the air, and he brought them to the n man to see what he would call them; Genesis 2:1 :whatever T he LORD the God man then called took each the living man creatureand settled was him then in itsthe name. Garden The of man Eden, gave to names to all Following the reading guide, have a student cultivate and thecare tame forGenesis it. animals, 1:2 : all theGod birds blessed of the them air, and and God all the said wild to them:animals; Be butfertile none and proved multiply; to be fi ll a the helperearth suited and to subdueTothe discover man. it. Have the dominionimmediate over meaning the fi shof beingof the sea, theimage.” birds Thus, of the it becomesair, and all clearer the that to be in um ers 3: : Noliving w the things LORDmade that said in crawl God’s to Moses: on image the S earth. ummonand likeness, the tribe we mustof Levi and stationone’s “image and likeness” is to be his or her them before Aaron the priest turnto serve to the him. next T hey time shall this discharge language hisis used obligations in child,and those a son or daughter. Therefore, Adam and read aloud the Scripture passages for each role. of the whole community beforeScripture, the tent Genesis of meeting 5:3. byThere maintaining we learn thethat tabernacle. Eve, T made hey in God’s image and likeness, were From ancient times through today, the right man called each living creature was then its shall have responsibility for all the furnishingsGod creates of woman the tent as of Adam’s meeting equal. and This discharge is thehim, made in God’s image and likeness. He to nameGod something gave AdamAdam has and belonged “begot Eve dominion a toson its in overhis likeness, name.” afterkings In his this rule instance, theirHis subjects children, this means by a sonserving that and God themdaughter of God. obligations of the Israelites by maintainingevidenced the by tabernacle. the fact that she was created proclaims, “This one, at last, is bone of my creatorall or creation. discoverer. To have For example,dominion parents is to have gave Adamand caring the right for tothem. speak This for is Him. seen in the from his side, from his middle, and more bones and fl esh of my fl esh.” In other words, name authoritytheir children or to9. and ruleAccording scientists over, as toin name Genesishow thea king 5:3, what doeskinds it meanof laws to they be in pass, another’s the way image those and laws likeness? What The Hebrew word for “prophet,” navi, means doesspecifi this cally, fact meanfrom aabout bone Adamthat is and close Eve? to his “At last! One who is like me!” The two become God gave the thingsman (Adam)rules they overdiscover. a job: his “to kingdom cultivate and its subjects.the tent of meetingare by maintainingenforced, and the how justly the people are heart, a rib. “mouth.” In other words, onea prophet fl esh, unitedspeaks as spouses in marriage, in B. Next, still following the reading guide, have Dominion is a kingly role. When God gave judged according to the law. Bad kings are and care for” the Garden of Eden. The tabernacle,” and the priestly “responsi i it for In Genesis 2, God brings all the animals to for God. He or she is God’sorder spokesperson. to give and receive love, and to fulfi ll Hebrew word shamarAdam describes and Eve Adam’s dominion,When job HeAdam madeall fi rst the them sees furnishings the woman, oftyrants. the he tent They of meeting do not serve their subjects and Adam to name. “He brought them to the man Therefore, when Adam speaksGod’s forfi rst God command: in “Be fertile and multiply.” royalty: a king and a queen. only take for themselves while abusing the “to cultivate andto see care what for” he or would “to guard callinstantly andthem; whatever recognizesby maintaining the her asnaming athe being tabernacle.” the like animals, The he Hebrew is acting as a prophet. rights of their subjects. God gave Adam and protect” the GardenKings and everythingcan choose in to it, exercise theirword dominion used in these passages, shamar, is the students read the commentary for each role 10. What was God’s initial commandEve dominion to Adam toand be Eve? good rulers, royalty in including his 3.wife, Who Eve.as eitherusually good has thekings right or badto name kings.same something? Good word used to describe the work of Adam. the image and likeness of God. To shamar is a priestly role. Numbers 3 4. What did God give to Adam when He brought all the animals o ses to him? describes the work6. of theWhat Levitical does it priests mean to have dominion?Therefore, Whowe can typically conclude has that dominion Adam wasover others? and then answer the accompanying focus pertaining to the tabernacle in the Israelite11. What doesthe it fi meanrst priest, to procreate? fulfi lling the work of a priest camp. At this time, the tabernacle wasGenesis where 1:2 : inGod the blessed garden. them The Gardenand God of said Eden, to them:then, canBe fertile and multiply. God dwelled among His people as they be understood to be the original tabernacle, Genesis 2:1 2 : The LORD God said: “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make wandered the desert7. forWhat 40 years. is the Numbersdifference betweenGod’s a dwellinggood king place and amonga bad king? His people. 5. What is the Hebrewa helper word for suited “prophet,” to him.” and So whatthe LORD does Godit mean? formed What out does of the this ground defi nition all the wild animals and 7 describes the priestly “obligations before questions. Review and discuss the answers to tell us about Adam?all the birds of the air, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them; 12. Why does God bring the animals to Adam? whatever the man called each living creature was then its name. The man gave names to 1. What job did God give to Adam? Who will later have the same job? all the tame animals, all the birds of the air, and all the wild animals; but none proved to be a helper suited to the man. So the LORD God cast a deep sleep on the man, and while he 2. What can we conclude8. What about kind Adamof royalty after did understanding God call Adam the and meaning Eve to ofbe? shamar Why? and its use the focus questions. Then move on to the next was13. asleep, How dohe tookwe know out onethat of woman his ribs was and created closed asup man’s its place equal? with fl esh. The LORD God elsewhere in the Bible? then built the rib that he had taken from the man into a woman. When he brought her to the man, the man said: “This one, at last, is bone of my bone and fl esh of my fl esh; This one shall be called ‘woman,’ for out of man this one has been taken.” That is why a man leaves reading and set of focus questions, following his father and mother and clings to his wife, and the two of them become one body. The man14. and What his doeswife wereAdam ons both recognize an naked, a e s about yet they Eve felt when no shame.he fi rst sees her? Genesis 1:2 : God created mankind in his image; in the image of God he created them; the reading guide. male and femaleIn Genesis he created 1, God givesthem. Adam and Eve one God tells Adam that it is not good for him to initial command: “Be fertile and multiply.” be alone. Then God brings all the animals to Genesis :3: Adam15. Why was areone man hundred and woman and thirty meant years to oldbecome when spouses he begot in a marriage? son in his That is, to come together as man and woman Adam in order to fi nd a suitable mate. This likeness, after his image; and he named him Seth. in marital union as husband and wife, and to is not to say that God thought Adam would cooperate with God’s creative power and have fi nd a companion in the animals. Rather, in Note: You may also choose to have students children, or procreate. bringing the animals to Adam, God helps Adam realize that he is unique among all of Later, this union between man and woman creation. complete the reading guide on their own instead is explored more deeply in Genesis 2, where of guiding them step by step. You may also choose to have students complete the reading guide with a partner or in groups.
Formative Assessment e e oles o a a a A. Have students turn to The Five Roles of Adam e ons In the space provided, write three important ideas about each role of Adam. Then using The Five Roles of Adam Props provided by your teacher, cut out the Diagram (page 119) in their workbooks. Have props and paste them in the appropriate place on the fi gure. students, working individually or with a partner, P es on a e list in the space provided three important ideas 1. 1. 2. 2. about each role of Adam. 3. 3. B. Next distribute one Teacher Resource: The P o e o se Five Roles of Adam Props to each student. Have 1. 1. 2. 2. students cut out the props and match them to 3. 3. the roles on The Five Roles of Adam Diagram. Have them glue the props onto the figure of n 1. Adam in the proper places. 2. 3. C. Circulate around the room and assist as needed.
Unit 3, lesson 3 177 LESSON PLAN
DAY TWO Warm-Up A. Project Genesis 2:15-17 on the board, and have a student stand and read it aloud: The LORD God then took the man and settled him in the Garden of Eden, to cultivate and care for it. The LORD God gave the man this order: You are free to eat from any of the trees of the garden except the tree of knowledge of good and evil. From that tree you shall not eat; when you eat from it you shall die. B. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ What job did God give to Adam? To cultivate and care for the Garden of Eden. The Hebrew word (learned in the previous lesson) is shamar. ӹӹ What was God’s one command to Adam? Adam was not to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, although he could eat from any other tree. ӹӹ Does God give a reason for His command? What is it? Yes. He says that if Adam eats from the fruit of the tree, he will die. ӹӹ Do you think God’s command to Adam was reasonable? Help your students understand that God’s command was not unreasonable. There was a good reason why He told Adam not to eat from the fruit of the tree: he would die. Compare God’s command, perhaps, to when parents tell their children not to play in the street. Why do they give this command to their children? Because by playing in the street, the children could die. C. Explain to your students that God planted the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the first place to give Adam and Eve a choice. They could either love God and follow His loving commands or not. But, in order for them to choose freely, there must be an actual choice; otherwise, they wouldn’t have been free to choose to love at all. D. Continue to explain that we sometimes think of the serpent in the story of the Fall of Man as a little “cute” snake. But the Hebrew word used for the serpent, nahash, paints a different picture. Nahash more accurately translates as “leviathan,” or a giant, ferocious sea monster type of creature. Think “Godzilla” rather than a cuddly little snake. Highlight that this fact should change the way we think of the encounter between Adam and Eve and the “serpent,” who was really no serpent at all.
178 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN
Activity Have students turn to The Fall of Man (page 120) e all o an
e ons Read o the story of the Fall of Man in Genesis 3, and analyze the story to respond in their workbooks. Arrange students in four to the questions for each character. 11. Why do you think God didn’t step in and help Adam and Eve when they were confronted by the serpent? (or eight) groups. Assign each group one of the a 1. What did Adam fail to do? (Recall the job that God gave to Adam.) 12. What did God ask Adam and Eve after they ate the fruit? Why do you think He asked these questions? characters from the story of the Fall of Man: Adam,
13. What consequences did God give Adam and Eve for their sin?
Eve, God, or the serpent. Have each group read the 2. What did he do?
3. Whom did Adam14. Whatblame? did God make for Adam and Eve? story of the Fall of Man in Genesis 3 and analyze 4. What consequences did Adam receive for his choices and actions? 15. Why do you think God allowed the serpent to tempt Adam and Eve in the fi rst place? the story to respond to the questions for each 5. If you were Adam, what would you have done differently?
character on the worksheet. e en e 16. How did the serpent lie? 6. What did Eve17. fail Whom to do? does the serpent threaten, and how?
7. What did she do?
8. Whom did Eve18. blame? What consequences did the serpent receive for his choices and actions? Formative Assessment 9. What consequences did Eve receive for her choices and actions? 19. What is prophesied to happen to the serpent’s descendants in the end?
10. If you were Eve, what would you have done differently? After groups have had sufficient time to analyze 20. Why do you think the serpent tempted Adam and Eve in the fi rst place? the story and respond to the questions, have each group select a spokesperson to stand and share with the class their findings about their assigned character. Assist the students in their explanation and fill in gaps in the information as needed.
DAY THREE nal s e Warm-Up e ons Compare the characteristics of Original Justice to the list compiled by the class. A. Give your students five minutes to brainstorm nal s e le a an e s e s en e e o e nal n with a neighbor a list of characteristics of Adam e s a e o nal s e as a a e e
o suffering or death armon et een man and oman and Eve’s existence before the Original Sin [or ӹ Mankind was meant to live forever, free of ӹ Men and women coexisted peacefully with suffering and death, with God in paradise. each other, with no tensions between them. before the Fall]. Then ask for students to share Man as at peace ith himself ӹ Man and woman saw each other for what Mankind had control over the spiritual powers they are, equal persons made in God’s of the soul: the intellect and the will. image and likeness. their lists. Keep track of their ideas on the ӹ There was no temptation to mistreat the ӹ Intellect — The power to know and other. understand. ӹ Will — The power to choose freely based Peace et een Adam and ve and all of board. on what the intellect understands; creation specifi cally, the power to love. ӹ Mankind cared for and protected creation, exercising dominion as good B. Have students turn to Original Justice (page stewards of the earth.
122) in their workbooks. Have students read 1. What similarities did you fi nd between the brainstormed list and Original Justice? the information and then compare Original
Justice to the list on the board. What was 2. What was not included in the brainstormed list when compared to Original Justice? What should be removed from the list?
similar? What did they miss?
Unit 3, lesson 3 179 LESSON PLAN
Activity nal n Have students turn to Original Sin (page 123)
Read the following excerpts from the atechism o the atho ic hurch and then 3. How did Adam e ons and Eve abuse their freedom? What does all other sin consist of? answer the questions that follow. in their workbooks. Have your students work
4. What was the devils’ Man,“seduction”? tempted by the devil, let his trust in his Creator die in his heart and, abusing his freedom, disobeyed God’s command. This is what man’s fi rst sin consisted of. All individually to read the excerpts from the 5. What was the immediatesubsequent consequence sin would of the be fidisobedience rst sin? toward God and lack of trust in his goodness. In that sin man preferred himself to God and by that very act scorned him. He chose himself over and against God, against the requirements of his creaturely status and Catechism of the Catholic Church regarding Original 6. What was the distortedtherefore image againstAdam and his Eveown formed good. Constitutedof God? (Hint: in aA stateprerogative of holiness, is a man was destined to privilege or a right.) be fully “divinized” by God in glory. Seduced by the devil, he wanted to “be like God,” but “without God, before God, and not in accordance with God.” Sin and answer the accompanying focus questions. Scripture portrays the tragic consequences of this fi rst disobedience. Adam and Eve immediately lose the grace of original holiness. They become afraid of the God of whom 7. In what ways did thethey Original have Sin conceived reverse aOriginal distorted Justice? image — that of a God jealous of his prerogatives.
The harmony in which they had found themselves, thanks to original justice, is now destroyed: the control of the soul’s spiritual faculties over the body is shattered; the union of man and woman becomes subject to tensions, their relations henceforth marked by lust and domination. Harmony with creation is broken: visible creation 8. Although Original Sinhas is notbecome caused alien by andour hostileown fault, to man. it is stillBecause transmitted of man, to creation each of is us. now subject “to its Assessment What are the effects bondageof Original to Sindecay.” on human Finally, nature? the consequence explicitly foretold for this disobedience will come true: man will “return to the ground,” for out of it he was taken. Death makes its entrance into human history. Although it is proper to each individual, original sin does not have the character of A. When students have finished, review and 9. How does Baptism affecta personal Original fault Sin? in any of Adam’s descendants. It is a deprivation of original holiness and justice, but human nature has not been totally corrupted: it is wounded in the natural powers proper to it, subject to ignorance, suffering and the dominion of death, discuss the answers to the focus questions. and inclined to sin — an inclination to evil that is called “concupiscence.” Baptism, by 10. To what does Baptismimparting summon the us? life of Christ’s grace, erases original sin and turns a man back towards God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle. B. Project Genesis 3:15 on the board, and have a 1. From where did temptation to sin fi rst come? 2. What died in Adam’s and Eve’s hearts because of the fi rst sin? student stand and read it aloud.
C. Explain to your students that the Church calls
this passage the Protoevangelium, which means, “the first Gospel.” In this passage, which is part of God’s speaking to the serpent after his temptation of Adam and Eve, we understand God to be promising us salvation from sin.
D. Ask your students the following questions: ӹӹ The word enmity means “hatred.” How do we see hatred between the descendants of the woman and the descendants of the serpent? Hatred is seen in the struggle all humans endure between choosing the good and the temptation of evil. As St. Paul said, in speaking of sin, “For I do not do what I want, but I do what I hate” (Romans 7:15). ӹӹ How can we understand the prophecy by God that a descendant of the woman (specifically, Jesus) will crush the head of the serpent, as a promise of salvation? The serpent is the representation of the devil and of evil. It is by the provoking of the devil that sin and death entered the world. “Crushing the head” of the serpent represents a complete defeat of sin and death, which was accomplished by Christ through His death on the Cross and His Resurrection.
180 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Adam omes to Eden UIS UARE C
C I
Unit 3, lesson 3 181 Answer Key 1. God gives Adam the job of e oles o a ea n e cultivating and caring for the e ons For each role, read the Scripture and the commentary, then answer the Garden of Eden, questions that follow. or in Hebrew, shamar. Levitical P es
priests in charge Genesis 2:1 : T he LORD God then took the man and settled him in the Garden of Eden, to of caring for the cultivate and care for it. um ers 3: : No w the LORD said to Moses: S ummon the tribe of Levi and station tabernacle in the them before Aaron the priest to serve him. T hey shall discharge his obligations and those Israelite camp of the whole community before the tent of meeting by maintaining the tabernacle. T hey shall have responsibility for all the furnishings of the tent of meeting and discharge the later had this obligations of the Israelites by maintaining the tabernacle. same job of Adam. God gave the man (Adam) a job: “to cultivate the tent of meeting by maintaining the 2. Adam was a and care for” the Garden of Eden. The tabernacle,” and the priestly “responsi i it for Hebrew word shamar describes Adam’s job all the furnishings of the tent of meeting priest, and “to cultivate and care for” or “to guard and by maintaining the tabernacle.” The Hebrew protect” the Garden and everything in it, word used in these passages, shamar, is the the Garden of including his wife, Eve. same word used to describe the work of Adam. Eden was his To shamar is a priestly role. Numbers 3 describes the work of the Levitical priests Therefore, we can conclude that Adam was tabernacle. pertaining to the tabernacle in the Israelite the fi rst priest, fulfi lling the work of a priest camp. At this time, the tabernacle was where in the garden. The Garden of Eden, then, can God dwelled among His people as they be understood to be the original tabernacle, wandered the desert for 40 years. Numbers God’s dwelling place among His people. 7 describes the priestly “obligations before
1. What job did God give to Adam? Who will later have the same job?
2. What can we conclude about Adam after understanding the meaning of shamar and its use elsewhere in the Bible?
182 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 3. The creator or discoverer P o e of something typically has the Genesis 2:1 20: The LORD God said: It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suited to him. So the LORD God formed out of the ground all the wild animals and right to name it. all the birds of the air, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them; whatever the man called each living creature was then its name. The man gave names to all 4. God gave Adam the tame animals, all the birds of the air, and all the wild animals; but none proved to be a helper suited to the man. the right to speak for Him. From ancient times through today, the right man called each living creature was then its to name something has belonged to its name.” In this instance, this means that God 5. Navi, which creator or discoverer. For example, parents gave Adam the right to speak for Him. name their children and scientists name the The Hebrew word for “prophet,” navi, means means “mouth.” things they discover. “mouth.” In other words, a prophet speaks This means that In Genesis 2, God brings all the animals to for God. He or she is God’s spokesperson. Adam to name. “He brought them to the man Therefore, when Adam speaks for God in Adam was the to see what he would call them; whatever the naming the animals, he is acting as a prophet. spokesperson of 3. Who usually has the right to name something? God, or the first 4. What did God give to Adam when He brought all the animals to him?
prophet.
5. What is the Hebrew word for “prophet,” and what does it mean? What does this defi nition tell us about Adam?
Unit 3, lesson 3 183 Answer Key 6. To have dominion is to have n authority and rule over others. Genesis 1:2 : God blessed them and God said to them: Be fertile and multiply; fi ll the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fi sh of the sea, the birds of the air, and all the Kings usually have living things that crawl on the earth. dominion over the
subjects of their God gave Adam and Eve dominion over kings rule their subjects by serving them all creation. To have dominion is to have and caring for them. This is seen in the kingdom. authority or to rule over, as in how a king kinds of laws they pass, the way those laws rules over his kingdom and its subjects. are enforced, and how justly the people are 7. Good kings rule Dominion is a kingly role. When God gave judged according to the law. Bad kings are Adam and Eve dominion, He made them tyrants. They do not serve their subjects and their subjects by royalty: a king and a queen. only take for themselves while abusing the rights of their subjects. God gave Adam and serving them and Kings can choose to exercise their dominion Eve dominion to be good rulers, royalty in as either good kings or bad kings. Good caring for them. the image and likeness of God.
This is seen in 6. What does it mean to have dominion? Who typically has dominion over others? the kinds of laws
they pass, the 7. What is the difference between a good king and a bad king? way those laws are enforced,
and how justly 8. What kind of royalty did God call Adam and Eve to be? Why? the people are judged according to the law. Bad ons an a e s kings are tyrants. They do not serve Genesis 1:2 : God created mankind in his image; in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.
their subjects Genesis :3: Adam was one hundred and thirty years old when he begot a son in his and only take for likeness, after his image; and he named him Seth. themselves while abusing the rights of their subjects.
8. God gave Adam and Eve dominion to be good rulers, because they are royalty in the image and likeness of God.
184 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 9. To be in one’s
“image and To discover the immediate meaning of being image.” Thus, it becomes clearer that to be in likeness” is to be made in God’s image and likeness, we must one’s “image and likeness” is to be his or her turn to the next time this language is used in child, a son or daughter. Therefore, Adam and his or her child, a Scripture, Genesis 5:3. There we learn that Eve, made in God’s image and likeness, were Adam “begot a son in his likeness, after his His children, a son and daughter of God. son or daughter. Therefore, Adam 9. According to Genesis 5:3, what does it mean to be in another’s image and likeness? What does this fact mean about Adam and Eve?
and Eve, made in
God’s image and
likeness, were His children, a son and daughter of o ses
God. Genesis 1:2 : God blessed them and God said to them: Be fertile and multiply.
Genesis 2:1 2 : The LORD God said: “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suited to him.” So the LORD God formed out of the ground all the wild animals and all the birds of the air, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them; whatever the man called each living creature was then its name. The man gave names to all the tame animals, all the birds of the air, and all the wild animals; but none proved to be a helper suited to the man. So the LORD God cast a deep sleep on the man, and while he was asleep, he took out one of his ribs and closed up its place with fl esh. The LORD God then built the rib that he had taken from the man into a woman. When he brought her to the man, the man said: “This one, at last, is bone of my bone and fl esh of my fl esh; This one shall be called ‘woman,’ for out of man this one has been taken.” That is why a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, and the two of them become one body. The man and his wife were both naked, yet they felt no shame.
In Genesis 1, God gives Adam and Eve one God tells Adam that it is not good for him to initial command: “Be fertile and multiply.” be alone. Then God brings all the animals to That is, to come together as man and woman Adam in order to fi nd a suitable mate. This in marital union as husband and wife, and to is not to say that God thought Adam would cooperate with God’s creative power and have fi nd a companion in the animals. Rather, in children, or procreate. bringing the animals to Adam, God helps Adam realize that he is unique among all of Later, this union between man and woman creation. is explored more deeply in Genesis 2, where
Unit 3, lesson 3 185 Answer Key 10. “Be fertile and
multiply.” God creates woman as Adam’s equal. This is him, made in God’s image and likeness. He evidenced by the fact that she was created proclaims, “This one, at last, is bone of my 11. To come together from his side, from his middle, and more bones and fl esh of my fl esh.” In other words, specifi cally, from a bone that is close to his “At last! One who is like me!” The two become as man and heart, a rib. one fl esh, united as spouses in marriage, in order to give and receive love, and to fulfi ll When Adam fi rst sees the woman, he woman in marital God’s fi rst command: “Be fertile and multiply.” instantly recognizes her as a being like union as husband and wife, and to 10. What was God’s initial command to Adam and Eve? cooperate with God’s creative 11. What does it mean to procreate? power and have children. 12. Why does God bring the animals to Adam? 12. To help Adam
realize that he is 13. How do we know that woman was created as man’s equal? unique among all of creation.
13. She was created 14. What does Adam recognize about Eve when he fi rst sees her? from his side, from his middle, and more 15. Why are man and woman meant to become spouses in marriage? specifically, from a bone that is close to his heart, a rib.
14. He recognizes her as a being like him, made in God’s image and likeness.
15. In order to give and receive love, which God created them with the capacity for, and to fulfill God’s first command: “Be fertile and multiply.”
186 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Note: What students determine to be the e e oles o a a a three most important facts per role will e ons In the space provided, write three important ideas about each role of Adam. vary. Then using The Five Roles of Adam Props provided by your teacher, cut out the props and paste them in the appropriate place on the fi gure. Priest: The purple stole, placed around Adam’s neck/body. P es on a e 1. 1.
Prophet: The open 2. 2. mouth, placed on 3. 3. Adam’s face.
King: The crown, placed on Adam’s P o e o se head. 1. 1. 2. 2.
Son/daughter: 3. 3. Radiant joy or rays of light, placed around Adam’s head. n Spouse: Wedding 1. ring, placed on 2.
Adam’s left hand. 3.
Unit 3, lesson 3 187 Answer Key 1. Adam failed to guard and protect e all o an the garden and everything in it — e ons Read the story of the Fall of Man in Genesis 3, and analyze the story to respond most importantly, to the questions for each character. his wife, Eve. He failed to defend a 1. What did Adam fail to do? (Recall the job that God gave to Adam.)
his wife when the
serpent threatened
her and lied to her.
He also gave in to 2. What did he do?
the temptation of 3. Whom did Adam blame?
the serpent because 4. What consequences did Adam receive for his choices and actions? he ate of the fruit.
5. If you were Adam, what would you have done differently? 2. Adam didn’t do much. The text tells us that “he was with her” the entire time e that the serpent 6. What did Eve fail to do? 7. What did she do? lied to Eve and 8. Whom did Eve blame? threatened her. 9. What consequences did Eve receive for her choices and actions? 3. Adam blamed Eve for making him 10. If you were Eve, what would you have done differently? eat the fruit and disobeying God. 4. Adam was cursed to suffer in his work tilling the ground. 5. Answers will vary. 6. Eve failed to resist the temptation of the serpent. She also failed to call upon God for help. 7. Eve attempted to put up a fight. She tried to explain to the serpent what God’s actual command was, but she got the command confused. God said they could not eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, unlike the serpent’s lie, which asked if God told her not to eat from any tree in the garden. 8. Eve blamed the serpent for making her eat the fruit and disobeying God. 9. Eve was cursed to suffer in childbirth. 10. Answers will vary.
188 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS 11. God may not have stepped in to help because He was
not asked to do so. God o respects our free will. Also, 11. Why do you think God didn’t step in and help Adam and Eve when they were confronted by the serpent? each of us is perfectly capable of resisting 12. What did God ask Adam and Eve after they ate the fruit? Why do you think He asked these questions?
temptation, especially if we
ask for God’s help. 13. What consequences did God give Adam and Eve for their sin?
12. God asked them why they 14. What did God make for Adam and Eve?
were hiding, who told
them that they were naked, 15. Why do you think God allowed the serpent to tempt Adam and Eve in the fi rst place? and whether they had disobeyed and eaten the
fruit. God may have asked e en all these questions in an 16. How did the serpent lie? 17. Whom does the serpent threaten, and how? attempt to give Adam and
Eve the chance to confess 18. What consequences did the serpent receive for his choices and actions? and take responsibility for their actions, which they 19. What is prophesied to happen to the serpent’s descendants in the end? did not do.
13. God allowed both Adam 20. Why do you think the serpent tempted Adam and Eve in the fi rst place? and Eve to experience the consequences of their actions, which is suffering in their individual male and female identities. 14. God made Adam and Eve clothes to cover themselves, a sign that God still loves them. 15. Accept reasoned answers. God may have allowed the serpent to tempt them as a test of their faith and to allow them to exercise their free will. 16. The serpent asked Eve if God told her not to eat from any tree in the Garden, which is a lie and twisting of the truth, although it is close to what God said. God, in fact, told Adam and Eve they could eat from any tree in the Garden except for the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. 17. The serpent threatens Eve when he tells her that she certainly will not die. There is a veiled threat in that statement, as if he were telling her that she would die if she didn’t do as he said. 18. The serpent was cursed among all the animals to crawl on his belly and eat dirt and to be at odds with the descendants of Eve for all time. 19. The descendants of the serpent will have their heads crushed by a descendent of the woman, whom we understand to be Jesus. 20. Answers will vary.
Unit 3, lesson 3 189 nal s e
e ons Compare the characteristics of Original Justice to the list compiled by the class.
nal s e le a an e s e s en e e o e nal n e s a e o nal s e as a a e e
o suffering or death armon et een man and oman ӹ Mankind was meant to live forever, free of ӹ Men and women coexisted peacefully with suffering and death, with God in paradise. each other, with no tensions between them. Man as at peace ith himself ӹ Man and woman saw each other for what Mankind had control over the spiritual powers they are, equal persons made in God’s of the soul: the intellect and the will. image and likeness. ӹ There was no temptation to mistreat the ӹ Intellect — The power to know and other. understand. ӹ Will — The power to choose freely based Peace et een Adam and ve and all of on what the intellect understands; creation specifi cally, the power to love. ӹ Mankind cared for and protected creation, exercising dominion as good stewards of the earth.
1. What similarities did you fi nd between the brainstormed list and Original Justice?
2. What was not included in the brainstormed list when compared to Original Justice? What should be removed from the list?
Accept reasoned answers
190 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. From the devil.
2. Trust in the nal n Creator.
e ons Read the following excerpts from the atechism o the atho ic hurch and then answer the questions that follow.
Man, tempted by the devil, let his trust in his Creator die in his heart and, abusing his freedom, disobeyed God’s command. This is what man’s fi rst sin consisted of. All subsequent sin would be disobedience toward God and lack of trust in his goodness. In that sin man preferred himself to God and by that very act scorned him. He chose himself over and against God, against the requirements of his creaturely status and therefore against his own good. Constituted in a state of holiness, man was destined to be fully “divinized” by God in glory. Seduced by the devil, he wanted to “be like God,” but “without God, before God, and not in accordance with God.” Scripture portrays the tragic consequences of this fi rst disobedience. Adam and Eve immediately lose the grace of original holiness. They become afraid of the God of whom they have conceived a distorted image — that of a God jealous of his prerogatives. The harmony in which they had found themselves, thanks to original justice, is now destroyed: the control of the soul’s spiritual faculties over the body is shattered; the union of man and woman becomes subject to tensions, their relations henceforth marked by lust and domination. Harmony with creation is broken: visible creation has become alien and hostile to man. Because of man, creation is now subject “to its bondage to decay.” Finally, the consequence explicitly foretold for this disobedience will come true: man will “return to the ground,” for out of it he was taken. Death makes its entrance into human history. Although it is proper to each individual, original sin does not have the character of a personal fault in any of Adam’s descendants. It is a deprivation of original holiness and justice, but human nature has not been totally corrupted: it is wounded in the natural powers proper to it, subject to ignorance, suffering and the dominion of death, and inclined to sin — an inclination to evil that is called “concupiscence.” Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ’s grace, erases original sin and turns a man back towards God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle.
1. From where did temptation to sin fi rst come?
2. What died in Adam’s and Eve’s hearts because of the fi rst sin?
Unit 3, lesson 3 191 Answer Key 3. By disobeying
God’s command. 3. How did Adam and Eve abuse their freedom? What does all other sin consist of? All sin is
disobedience 4. What was the devils’ “seduction”?
toward God and a 5. What was the immediate consequence of the fi rst sin? lack of trust in His
goodness. 6. What was the distorted image Adam and Eve formed of God? (Hint: A prerogative is a privilege or a right.)
4. To convince man
to want to be like
God without God, 7. In what ways did the Original Sin reverse Original Justice?
before God, and
not in the way
God desired, even 8. Although Original Sin is not caused by our own fault, it is still transmitted to each of us. though God was What are the effects of Original Sin on human nature? offering His very life to us in the first place. 9. How does Baptism affect Original Sin?
5. Adam and Eve 10. To what does Baptism summon us? immediately lost the grace of original holiness and became afraid of God.
6. Adam and Eve formed a distorted image of God as being jealous of them.
7. The spiritual powers of man no longer controlled his body; men and women were no longer in harmony with each other; man was no longer at peace with creation and no longer exercised good stewardship of it; and death and suffering entered the world.
8. A deprivation of original holiness and justice, ignorance, suffering, death, and concupiscence (inclination to sin).
9. Baptism erases Original Sin and turns man back toward God. However, the consequences to human nature remain, specifically, concupiscence.
10. Spiritual battle.
192 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS The Five Roles of Adam Props
Directions: Cut out each of the props and paste them in the appropriate place on the Adam figure onThe Five Roles of Adam Diagram.
Open Mouth
Wedding Ring
Purple Stole
Radiant Joy Crown
Unit 3, lesson 3 193 Notes ______
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194 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Adam Comes to Eden BY LUIS JUAREZ (C. 1585-1639)
Mosaic in the Cathedral of Monreale, Italy.
Unit 3, Lesson 3 113 The Roles of Adam Reading Guide
Directions: For each role, read the Scripture and the commentary, then answer the questions that follow.
Priest
Genesis 2:15: The LORD God then took the man and settled him in the Garden of Eden, to cultivate and care for it.
Numbers 3:5-8: Now the LORD said to Moses: Summon the tribe of Levi and station them before Aaron the priest to serve him. They shall discharge his obligations and those of the whole community before the tent of meeting by maintaining the tabernacle. They shall have responsibility for all the furnishings of the tent of meeting and discharge the obligations of the Israelites by maintaining the tabernacle.
God gave the man (Adam) a job: “to cultivate the tent of meeting by maintaining the and care for” the Garden of Eden. The tabernacle,” and the priestly “responsibility for Hebrew word shamar describes Adam’s job all the furnishings of the tent of meeting … “to cultivate and care for” or “to guard and by maintaining the tabernacle.” The Hebrew protect” the Garden and everything in it, word used in these passages, shamar, is the including his wife, Eve. same word used to describe the work of Adam. To shamar is a priestly role. Numbers 3 describes the work of the Levitical priests Therefore, we can conclude that Adam was pertaining to the tabernacle in the Israelite the first priest, fulfilling the work of a priest camp. At this time, the tabernacle was where in the garden. The Garden of Eden, then, can God dwelled among His people as they be understood to be the original tabernacle, wandered the desert for 40 years. Numbers God’s dwelling place among His people. 7 describes the priestly “obligations … before
1. What job did God give to Adam? Who will later have the same job? ______
2. What can we conclude about Adam after understanding the meaning of shamar and its use elsewhere in the Bible?
______
114 Unit 3, Lesson 3 Prophet
Genesis 2:18-20: The LORD God said: It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suited to him. So the LORD God formed out of the ground all the wild animals and all the birds of the air, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them; whatever the man called each living creature was then its name. The man gave names to all the tame animals, all the birds of the air, and all the wild animals; but none proved to be a helper suited to the man.
From ancient times through today, the right man called each living creature was then its to name something has belonged to its name.” In this instance, this means that God creator or discoverer. For example, parents gave Adam the right to speak for Him. name their children and scientists name the The Hebrew word for “prophet,” navi, means things they discover. “mouth.” In other words, a prophet speaks In Genesis 2, God brings all the animals to for God. He or she is God’s spokesperson. Adam to name. “He brought them to the man Therefore, when Adam speaks for God in to see what he would call them; whatever the naming the animals, he is acting as a prophet.
3. Who usually has the right to name something? ______
4. What did God give to Adam when He brought all the animals to him?
______
______
5. What is the Hebrew word for “prophet,” and what does it mean? What does this definition tell us about Adam?
______
______
______
Unit 3, Lesson 3 115 King
Genesis 1:28: God blessed them and God said to them: Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and all the living things that crawl on the earth.
God gave Adam and Eve dominion over kings rule their subjects by serving them all creation. To have dominion is to have and caring for them. This is seen in the authority or to rule over, as in how a king kinds of laws they pass, the way those laws rules over his kingdom and its subjects. are enforced, and how justly the people are Dominion is a kingly role. When God gave judged according to the law. Bad kings are Adam and Eve dominion, He made them tyrants. They do not serve their subjects and royalty: a king and a queen. only take for themselves while abusing the rights of their subjects. God gave Adam and Kings can choose to exercise their dominion Eve dominion to be good rulers, royalty in as either good kings or bad kings. Good the image and likeness of God.
6. What does it mean to have dominion? Who typically has dominion over others?
______
7. What is the difference between a good king and a bad king?
______
______
8. What kind of royalty did God call Adam and Eve to be? Why?
______
______
Sons and Daughters
Genesis 1:27: God created mankind in his image; in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.
Genesis 5:3: Adam was one hundred and thirty years old when he begot a son in his likeness, after his image; and he named him Seth.
116 Unit 3, Lesson 3 To discover the immediate meaning of being image.” Thus, it becomes clearer that to be in made in God’s image and likeness, we must one’s “image and likeness” is to be his or her turn to the next time this language is used in child, a son or daughter. Therefore, Adam and Scripture, Genesis 5:3. There we learn that Eve, made in God’s image and likeness, were Adam “begot a son in his likeness, after his His children, a son and daughter of God.
9. According to Genesis 5:3, what does it mean to be in another’s image and likeness? What does this fact mean about Adam and Eve?
______
______
______
Spouses
Genesis 1:28: God blessed them and God said to them: Be fertile and multiply.
Genesis 2:18-25: The LORD God said: “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suited to him.” So the LORD God formed out of the ground all the wild animals and all the birds of the air, and he brought them to the man to see what he would call them; whatever the man called each living creature was then its name. The man gave names to all the tame animals, all the birds of the air, and all the wild animals; but none proved to be a helper suited to the man. So the LORD God cast a deep sleep on the man, and while he was asleep, he took out one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. The LORD God then built the rib that he had taken from the man into a woman. When he brought her to the man, the man said: “This one, at last, is bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh; This one shall be called ‘woman,’ for out of man this one has been taken.” That is why a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, and the two of them become one body. The man and his wife were both naked, yet they felt no shame.
In Genesis 1, God gives Adam and Eve one God tells Adam that it is not good for him to initial command: “Be fertile and multiply.” be alone. Then God brings all the animals to That is, to come together as man and woman Adam in order to find a suitable mate. This in marital union as husband and wife, and to is not to say that God thought Adam would cooperate with God’s creative power and have find a companion in the animals. Rather, in children, or procreate. bringing the animals to Adam, God helps Adam realize that he is unique among all of Later, this union between man and woman creation. is explored more deeply in Genesis 2, where
Unit 3, Lesson 3 117 God creates woman as Adam’s equal. This is him, made in God’s image and likeness. He evidenced by the fact that she was created proclaims, “This one, at last, is bone of my from his side, from his middle, and more bones and flesh of my flesh.” In other words, specifically, from a bone that is close to his “At last! One who is like me!” The two become heart, a rib. one flesh, united as spouses in marriage, in order to give and receive love, and to fulfill When Adam first sees the woman, he God’s first command: “Be fertile and multiply.” instantly recognizes her as a being like
10. What was God’s initial command to Adam and Eve?
______
11. What does it mean to procreate?
______
______
12. Why does God bring the animals to Adam?
______
13. How do we know that woman was created as man’s equal?
______
______
14. What does Adam recognize about Eve when he first sees her?
______
______
15. Why are man and woman meant to become spouses in marriage?
______
______
______
118 Unit 3, Lesson 3 The Five Roles of Adam Diagram
Directions: In the space provided, write three important ideas about each role of Adam. Then using The Five Roles of Adam Props provided by your teacher, cut out the props and paste them in the appropriate place on the figure.
Priest Son/Daughter 1. ______1. ______
2. ______2. ______
3. ______3. ______
Prophet Spouse 1. ______1. ______
2. ______2. ______
3. ______3. ______
King 1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
Unit 3, Lesson 3 119 The Fall of Man
Directions: Read the story of the Fall of Man in Genesis 3, and analyze the story to respond to the questions for each character.
Adam 1. What did Adam fail to do? (Recall the job that God gave to Adam.)
______
______
______
2. What did he do? ______
3. Whom did Adam blame? ______
4. What consequences did Adam receive for his choices and actions?
______
5. If you were Adam, what would you have done differently?
______
______
Eve 6. What did Eve fail to do? ______
7. What did she do? ______
8. Whom did Eve blame?______
9. What consequences did Eve receive for her choices and actions?
______
10. If you were Eve, what would you have done differently?
______
______
120 Unit 3, Lesson 3 God 11. Why do you think God didn’t step in and help Adam and Eve when they were confronted by the serpent?
______
12. What did God ask Adam and Eve after they ate the fruit? Why do you think He asked these questions?
______
13. What consequences did God give Adam and Eve for their sin?
______
14. What did God make for Adam and Eve?
______
15. Why do you think God allowed the serpent to tempt Adam and Eve in the first place?
______
______
Serpent 16. How did the serpent lie?______
17. Whom does the serpent threaten, and how?______
______
18. What consequences did the serpent receive for his choices and actions?
______
19. What is prophesied to happen to the serpent’s descendants in the end?
______
______
20. Why do you think the serpent tempted Adam and Eve in the first place?
______
______
Unit 3, Lesson 3 121 Original Justice
Directions: Compare the characteristics of Original Justice to the list compiled by the class.
Original Justice ruled Adam and Eve’s existence before Original Sin. The state of Original Justice was characterized by:
No suffering or death Harmony between man and woman ӹӹ Mankind was meant to live forever, free of ӹӹ Men and women coexisted peacefully with suffering and death, with God in paradise. each other, with no tensions between them. Man was at peace with himself ӹӹ Man and woman saw each other for what Mankind had control over the spiritual powers they are, equal persons made in God’s of the soul: the intellect and the will. image and likeness. ӹӹ There was no temptation to mistreat the ӹӹ Intellect — The power to know and other. understand. ӹӹ Will — The power to choose freely based Peace between Adam and Eve and all of on what the intellect understands; creation specifically, the power to love. ӹӹ Mankind cared for and protected creation, exercising dominion as good stewards of the earth.
1. What similarities did you find between the brainstormed list and Original Justice?
______
______
______
2. What was not included in the brainstormed list when compared to Original Justice? What should be removed from the list?
______
______
______
122 Unit 3, Lesson 3 Original Sin
Directions: Read the following excerpts from the Catechism of the Catholic Church and then answer the questions that follow.
397 Man, tempted by the devil, let his trust in his Creator die in his heart and, abusing his freedom, disobeyed God’s command. This is what man’s first sin consisted of. All subsequent sin would be disobedience toward God and lack of trust in his goodness. 398 In that sin man preferred himself to God and by that very act scorned him. He chose himself over and against God, against the requirements of his creaturely status and therefore against his own good. Constituted in a state of holiness, man was destined to be fully “divinized” by God in glory. Seduced by the devil, he wanted to “be like God,” but “without God, before God, and not in accordance with God.” 399 Scripture portrays the tragic consequences of this first disobedience. Adam and Eve immediately lose the grace of original holiness. They become afraid of the God of whom they have conceived a distorted image — that of a God jealous of his prerogatives. 400 The harmony in which they had found themselves, thanks to original justice, is now destroyed: the control of the soul’s spiritual faculties over the body is shattered; the union of man and woman becomes subject to tensions, their relations henceforth marked by lust and domination. Harmony with creation is broken: visible creation has become alien and hostile to man. Because of man, creation is now subject “to its bondage to decay.” Finally, the consequence explicitly foretold for this disobedience will come true: man will “return to the ground,” for out of it he was taken. Death makes its entrance into human history. 405 Although it is proper to each individual, original sin does not have the character of a personal fault in any of Adam’s descendants. It is a deprivation of original holiness and justice, but human nature has not been totally corrupted: it is wounded in the natural powers proper to it, subject to ignorance, suffering and the dominion of death, and inclined to sin — an inclination to evil that is called “concupiscence.” Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ’s grace, erases original sin and turns a man back towards God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle.
1. From where did temptation to sin first come? ______
2. What died in Adam’s and Eve’s hearts because of the first sin? ______
Unit 3, Lesson 3 123 3. How did Adam and Eve abuse their freedom? What does all other sin consist of?
______
4. What was the devils’ “seduction”? ______
5. What was the immediate consequence of the first sin?
______
6. What was the distorted image Adam and Eve formed of God? (Hint: A prerogative is a privilege or a right.)
______
______
7. In what ways did the Original Sin reverse Original Justice?
______
______
8. Although Original Sin is not caused by our own fault, it is still transmitted to each of us. What are the effects of Original Sin on human nature?
______
______
9. How does Baptism affect Original Sin? ______
______
10. To what does Baptism summon us?______
124 Unit 3, Lesson 3