Russell County lIas ro uty.... Or oes It? BY MARY ELLEN GALE Johnson dIdn't want to talk about his new job. At first, he "He works with me mostofthe time," Murphy said, "He's all," PRE NIX CITY --Garner Lee Johnson said he didn't even have it, 'Then he explafned he didn't count in civilian clothes days, but he has a uniform otherWise, when "He has the authority to arrest anyone anywhere who's sometimes wears a uniform and a badge it as his 'main occupation because he also works for a car he's on the night shift. He has everything he needs, includ breaking the law," the sheriff said about Johnson. But he dealer. ing a badge and a gun if he needs one. I don't believe in car hasn't used his authority much. saying het s a member of the Russell "I'm not a deputy," Johnson said. "I just do some work rying a gun unless you need it," "He's arrested people, but only with me. You dontt put County Sheriff Department. But is he for him (the sheriff) up there some time, The sheriff wouldn't say what Johnson gets paid, but he ad a new man on his own right away, It's dangerous, He could the county's fir st Negro deputy sheriff? "He's got five, six guys in competition for the deputy job. mitted it wasn't as much as the official deputy sheriffs get, get hisself kllled/' Sheriff M. Lamar Murphy says yes. He won't say when he's going to hire one of us. Maybe he "It goes by seniority/' Murphy said. liRe's under the six Murphy said he didn't know when he could hIre more offi~ Johnson says no. won't hire none of us." month merit system--he'll get a raise then if he's doing all cial deputies, "'The state has to pass a law." he explained. And civil rights activist Nathaniel Gosha--who put the But Sheriff Murphy said that Johnson and Gosha are both right." "We're hoping for three new men," Will Johnson be one of pressure on Murphy to hire a Negro officer in the first place wrong. "Johnson is a deputy," Murphy said. "But he can't When Gosha asked Sheriff Murphy to hire a Negro deputy them? --says he isn·t sure. be officially a deputy--there's 110 opening. We got the five three months ago, one request was that the new officer be "It's not an easy job, being a deputy ," Sheriff Murphy re~ "Johnson's been up there about two months now," Gosha the county allows us." assigned to work all over the county--not just where Ne plied, "A deputy has to be a peacemaker. He has to know said this week. "He's full-time all right, but he never seem Murphy explained that he hired Johnson to fill another» groes live. some law. And he has to know how to be firm. to wear that uniform. He got no gun. He got a badge, but empty job in the sheriff's office, and is now training him as Murphy said Johnson goes almost everywhere, with one "This boy's a real good boy. He works hard, he's loyal. it's not the right type. Look like they made it just for him." a deputy. exception: "1 don't think he's worked in the nigger area at But I don't know yet if he'll make it."
VOL. II. NO. 40 WEEKEND EDITION: OCTOBER 1-2, 1966 TEN CENTS • Vanity Fair May Plant, I ht e urors, Looks for People to Work In It m Ver let• In• ownd BY VIOLA BRADFORD BY MICHAEL S, LO'T'TMAN AND ROBERTA REISIG HAYNEVILLE--Jury integration came to LowndesCounty ina big way this week, MILLBROOK -- Vanity Fair Mills but nothing else seemed to change. Eight Negroes and four white men tried Eugene conducted a "job survey" last 'Tuesday in seven towns near here. Thomas for the murder of Mrs. Viola Gregg Liuzzo j a white civil rights worker. Vanity Fair, makers of lingerie and They acquitted the 43-year-old steel-worker, just as an earlier all-white jury had other ladies' wear, is interested in freed Thomas' companion. Collie Leroy Wilkins. building a new plant in Elmore County. The Thomas case was the first criminal trial held in the county since a federal possibly near Millbrook. 'The company court ordered a new jury list drawn up last February. Forty-two Negroes were took the survey to see if enough people would be available to work at the plant. among the 75 men called for possible jury duty. Company officials said they would When the potential jurors arrived last Monday, the white men were seated in one need about 700 people, most of them to section of the courtroom operate sewing machines. They said and the Negroes in anoth- about 90% of the workers at the proposed ere plant would probably be women. CEbe 12 jurors were finally picked People who wanted to work at the plant Tuesday from a group of 21 Negroes were asked to register 'Tuesday at cen and 11 whites. 'These 32 were the men ters in Wetumpka, Millbrook, Mont found ,legally eligible to serve on the gomery. PrattVille, Holtville, Eclectic, case, 'The 32 were boiled down.to 12 and Tallassee, "If you are truly inter by the process known as "striking" a. ested in employment," said a leaflet ad juryI In which the prosecution and the vertising the survey, "come in and reg defense take turns dismissing the men ister.", they don't want. In all 2,130 peopledidcomein--about 'Two Negroes--John Hulett and Frank as many Negroes as whites. But the Miles Jr.--had said they were members company had hoped as many as 4,000 of .the Lowndes County Freedom Orga people would turn out. nization, the black panther politi "We've been advertiSing it on the 'TV cal grouP. They were the first two men and radio," said a woman giving out cUsmlssed by Thomas' lawyer. Art registration forms at the Millbrook Hanes of Birmingham. Hanes then dis~ Community Center. more Negroes, But,said one of the men standing with her, "it' hasn't turned 'oui.1ike we ex... andbis chief prosecutor, Joe pected." Near mid-day $ only about 150 Breck Gantt, first dismissed S. D, people had come to fill .out the prelimi Payne, who had said he was a member nary interview blanks .in Millbrook, of theKu Klux Klan "ten or 15 years though 300 or more were expected. ago," Then they struck six more white Each applicant at Millbrook was in men, terviewed personally by Enoch North As the.12 jurors were caned to take cutt, vice president of Vanity Fair. their places in the jury bOX, four white JURORS (IN WINDOWS) DISCUSS 'THOMAS CASE Northcutt greeted each person with a men sat in the front row and the first warm and friendly smile. six Negroes filled up the back row. The Two car-loads of Negro students (the last two Negroes also tried to sit in.the And omas Ie man youngest about 15) came to apply. back row. even though there were no Northcutt told them they could fill out more seats, until court officials told the blanks, but because of their age and JOB INTERVIEW IN PRA'TTVILLE them they could sit in front. a the fact that they were in school, he sug Free lthout is going to put the maid service out of 'They will also be asked for references. 'The trial itself was a re-play of the BY MICHAEL S. LO'TTMAN conference with Judge 'T. Werth Thag gested that they wait and finish high Wilkins trial--with a few important ex ard and Coleman's lawyer, State Sena school. 'Then, he told the group, if the business. And if they get some of these For the women at least, experience is HA YNEVILLE -- 'There apparently jobs, they will be able to get a maid not necessary.· "We don't care if ceptions. The state did not use the two will be no state-court prosecution of tor Vaughn Hill Robison. plant were bUilt in the area, they could men who were star witnesses last time Earlier. Flowers had tried to raise try to be hired after graduation. themselves." they've never seen a sewing machine in Thomas L. Coleman for the near-fatal their lives," said Avery, --Leroy Moton, the young Negro who shooting of the Rev. Richard Morrisroe. the charge against Coleman to the more Company officials said they made a If Vanity Fair. an Alabama-based was with Mrs. Liuzzowhen she was kill In a totany different industry. the Coleman, who was acquitted last fall serious crime of assault with intent to real effort to find Negro workers. "I've company. builds a plant in the area, how ed, and Gary 'Thomas Rowe, the Klan McWane Cast Iron Pipe Company of in the death of civil rights worker Jona~ murder. But a Lowndes County grand been to Sandtown (the Negro neighbor will it decide which of the many appli IT.ember turned FBI informer. Flowers Birmingham last week announced plans than Daniels, had been scheduled to go jury of 11 Negroes and seven whites re hood)," said an official at Mtllbrook. cants to hire? sud they had done the state's case more fused to return a stronger indictment. Reliability is a very important factor. for buildinga$15,OOO,OOO pig-iron plant on trial this week on charges of assault "One woman told me, 'Ah, they won't htrm than good. When the conference was over, Flow said Prattville interviewer Jack Avery, in Mobile. and battery, hire me.' But see, she has an attitude ers looked grim and Robison appeared If the plant is built, he said, all appli 'The plant, to be finished in two years, An hour and a half after the jurors of defeat at the beginning." But when the case was called here jubilant. 'The state senator led Cole will employ about 100 people when it g)t the case, they returned with a not- ··'Some of them think they won't be cants will be given dexterity tests, writ last Monday, Alabama Attorney General man and a group of friends from the opens. (:;;ONTINUED ON PAGE FIVE, Col. 3) hired, but they will be, to he said. "'This ten tests, and a physical examination. Richmond M, Flowers asked to have a courtroom, and he told them: Des Fedeml Court "It was dismissed with prejudice. It can't be brought up any more. We're through." Flowers said he had asked the judge to dismiss the case, because the as BULLO 's L c I sault charge didn't match the serious ness of the crime. But Flowers said BY MARY ELLEN GALE S. Seay Jr., the Negroes' attorney. said "I wasn't on the list, but I should be. "Well, I want to do what's right. But "The way r look at H, the only ones another grand jury could stHI indict UNION SPRINGS--Ws this week. "We didn't get it. We only My ticket's on file in Montgomery with I.don't mean for the law to intrude on we weren't to try were the ones who Coleman on a more serious charge. got a specific order. the rest. So I give him to know I turned nee Pm not gonna be intimidated." went to court," Hickman said. "If "No judge in the world can stop a "unconstitutional" for "But the principle is clear. All these it over to the court and I wasn't gonna Reeder denied the whole incident. "I someone wants to set up a howl about it, grand jury from indicting for any justices of the peace to get people the J. P,'s have been fining since pay it. ddn·t do nothing to him," he said. why, we'll continue it tin we get a rul crime," said the attorney general, paid if they convict some the trial Aug. 2--they probably didn't "Now I want to be fair--he wasn·t 'I'm trying to do my duty as Isee it as ing." Judge 'Thagard, who ordered the case one. and not get paid if need to pay." altogether trying to make me pay it. 1 justice of the peace." Hickman said he didn't see any rea """'''U'''''''''', said Robison was right, not they set him free. If people refused to pay and took their He's kinda scared to, He just thought That was aU Reeder had to say about son why he shwldn't collect his fee of Flowers. "I told the attorney general cases to federal court instead, Seay I might go on and pay it if he asked me ne situation. But Hickman and Adams $2.50 per conviction. "It's the same no very he "that if a sub- That was what a federal judge told said, "we'd have to try them one by to," Russell said. 'ere more outspoken. matter what the fine is~" he said, "so sequent indictment is on these Bullock County's three justices of the one, but we'd win." I don't have any personal interest in facts. I will dismiSS it on my own mo~ peace two months ago. "But we can't do anything about it RECElPT settin' a big fine. And it's the only way tion. 'The state has had due process and But all three justices--Paul Adams, if they plead guilty and pay the fine," I _ (Criminal Cats Only) we can get paid." its day in court." ,196!:L.. E. O. Hickman, and L. L, Reeder--are he added. N~ 24069 But Adams said he agreed with Judge But even if Coleman CQuld be re~in~ still collecting fees along with fines. So far. that's what most of the people Johnson that the whole fee system was dieted. the Lowndes County grand jury "'TheY've gone right back like they in Bullock County have been doing. unconstitutional. Why, then, was he will not meet again during Flowers' were before," said H. O. Williams, a Some of them have paid huge fines, like still collecting fees? term of office. And neither of the can Negro leader who helped organize the the three men from Perote who went COUNTY "I don't know." Adams said. "It's didates for Flowers' job--Democrat lawsuit that brought the justices into fishing in a private pond recently. Hick a confusing situation. 'The legislature MacDonald Gallion or Republican Don federal court, man fined them $100. $79, and$112.50. was supposed to pass a bill to pay us Collins--has shown interest In the case. The suitwas filed by 38Negroeswho some other way. • • but they didn't." received tickets when state troopers Some have paid smaller fines, like the sum of --'q./}~~:.&21,LJ.~~ "'_"---""'G.-______Dollars MADDOX swarmed into Bullock County early in Andrew 'Tarver. who ran a stop sign. State Fine .~ .. ___ + __ +_._~. ____ .. _" . ->.L....!- d-f( Adams said he had talked to State ...... $- ~ A'd- A'TLANTA, Ga.--SegregaUonist June. 'The Negroes charged that itwas It cost him $12. "I just didn't want to State Dept. Public Safety Fees ...... $ ,r& Senator Ed Reynolds and one of the gov ~ ernor's legal advisors about the prob Lester Maddox upset former Gov wrong for the justices to be paid out of have no dealings with 'em no more, so Sheriif Fees ...... _...... $---- lem. ('I assume we're doing right," ernor Ellis Arnall in Wednesday's the fines they collected, 'The system I went on and paid it.. • Tarver said. County Fine ...... $---- Only a few haven't paid ata11. James he said. "We're obeyi..'lg state law even race for the Democrs,tic nomination gave the justices a financial interest in Constable Fees ...... $ for governor. With nearly all votes Russell, a farmer from Mount Zion, is though Ws against federallaw"~ convicting people, the suit said. Justice of the Peace Fees ...... ,...... $ counted, Maddox had 412,930 votes one of them. Adams was the only one of the three U. S, District Judge Frank M. J ohn to 350,301 for Arnall. "I was arrested in June," he said. justices of the peace who suggested son Jr. agreed. He ordered the three : 1 ~ Maddox, who closed his Atlant,a justices never to try the people arrest "About two weeks ago Mr. Reeder there mIght be a better way to handle $ I ~ restaurant in 1964 rather than serve ed .by the state troopers June 2, 3, and stopped me to come up to hIs office. traffic cases and minor crimes. When I got there he showed me a list Total U¥=S' 0 "Eventually theY'll have to set up an Negroes, swept Georgia's rural 4. counties with his platform of "'God, "We wanted a blanket order--one that of the people who went to court, and inferior (lower) court system in AlabaQ said he could try anybody whose name ma," he said. "'Then they'n get rid of country» states rights, and free en would apply to everyone who came be terprise." fore the justices of the peace," Solomon wasn't on that list. RECEIP'T FROM J.p, CASE: $2.50 Fit "JUSTICE OF THE PEACE FEES" us altogether." PAGE TWO THE SOUTijERN COURIER OCTOBER 1-2. 1966
THE SOUTHERN COURIER ;;ingstey" s;esti~s Shubuta Mter August Marches: ROOM 1012, FRANK LEU BUILDING co co MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 36104 owers or PHONE: (205)262-3572 THE SOUTHERN COURIER is published weekly by a non-profit, non-share edu Attorney General Black-Out, Pressure, and Fear cation corporation, for the study and dissemination of accurate information about BY GAIL FALK if they failed to provide protection. then Meridian Star articles have re events and affairs in the field of human relations. BY DON GREGG SHUBUTA, Mlss.--The real story of After two days of hearings, more than ported that Busby is furnishing infor- . Price: 10~ per copy.$5per year tnthe South, $10 per year elsewhere in the U,S., BIRMINGHAM -- Attorney OrzeIl a demonstration is what happens when half the witnesses still had not testified, mation about CDGM to Senator John patron subscript:on $25 per year used to defray the costs of printing and publica Billingsley made sure Alabama would it's over. In Shubuta this week, many but Russell had to go on to other cases. StenniS. tion. Second-cl&3S postage paid at Montgomery. Alabama. have its say about who will be the next people were still feeling the effects of The hearing will be continued Oct. 18 To the charge that CDGM supported U. S. Attorney General. Editor: Michael S, Lottman marches held here Aug. 6 and Aug, 20. in Meridian. the boycott, Mrs. Jones, who was re As vice chairman of the Alabama unit Executive Editor: Mary Ellen Gale The marches were staged after Shu Shubuta whites have responded tathe sponsible for the center's accounts, of the Southern Democratic Conference, buta Negroes got no response to a list economic and legal pressure with a said "There have not been one penny of Business Manager: Andrew Curtis Billingsley sent President Johnson a Photography Editor: James H. Peppler of demands presented to the mayor and counter-attack. The most concentrated CDGM's money spentfor supporting the letter endorSing Alabama Attorney Lay-out Editor: Amy R. Peppler board of aldermen, Speakers at the attack has been on Mrs, Allie Jones and boycott.', General Richmond Flowers or U. S, Regional Circulation Mgrs.: George Walker marches called for a black-out of white the Shubuta CDGM (Head Start), The Many of the Head Start teachers are Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall Norman Warren businesses in town. bank will not cash CDGM checks unless now very cool towards anything that for the vacancy caus.ed by Nicholas The demands are still unanswered, they are counter-signed by someone sounds like civil rights. They are afraid Vol, II, No, 40 October 1-2. 1966 Katzenbach's transfer to the State De with an account in the bank. Busby's attacks will destroy any hopes .partment. and the black-out is still on. One store--McCoy's Grocery--hasa The lead article of the Aug, 30 Meri for CDGM being re-funded. "Mr. Flowers," the letter said, "has dian Star reported that Shubuta Mayor "You're not going to do anything taken political and personal risks far sign in the window announcing a close Editorial Opinion out sale. There are rumors that other George S. Busby accused the CDGM that's going to cut off your neck if you exceeding those of other white Southern group of supporting the boycott. Since can help it," said one teacher. political officials. He should not be stores are going out of business, named attorney general of the United Meanwhile, Shubuta officials are un What Went Wrong? States as a reward for his action, but der attack in federal court. The Rev, should be named because he is well J,C. Killingsworth and John SUmrall THE F: ST qualified and has shown that he has the have filed suit on behalf of Shubuta Ne BY GWENDOLYN CLARK for three days, and the white boy, who What happened in Hayneville? What happened to groes, asking fot protection in any cause what Attorney General Richmond M. Flowers courage to enforce the law in the South MERIDIAN, Miss.--On the first day started the fight, was sent home for five and the nation. No otherSouthernpoli future demonstrations. of school (Monday, Sept. 12) at Meri days. called "a breakdown in law and order"? Hcian has demonstrated this." In Hattiesburg Thursday. Federal dian Senior High, everything was nice. Flowers had said before the trial that the Negroes The letter also endorsed Marshall Judge Dan Russell began hearings on We weren't called names or anything. on the jury roll were mostly "Uncle Toms," hand because of his record, and because the whether to issue an order against the Tuesday and Wednesday we were I> <& • And the Kids picked by the Lowndes County Jury Commission. But high pOSition he now holds in the Justice highway patrol and city and county of c::tiled names, but we didn't pay any at Judge T. Werth Thagard reprimanded Flowers for making this charge. He said Department "means that he is well ficials. If he granted the order, these: tention to -them. There was no trouble Holda Meeting the jury roll had been "made up from the complete list of qualified voters and the qualified to serve as attorney general." officials would be in contempt of court when we rode the bus that picked up the people subject to taxation in this count-.. ' This was done under federal super white kids and took them to town. MERIDIAN, Miss.--A meeting was vision, he said, so "if any hand-picking was done, it was by federal people." Bus Routes to Change On the fourth day--Thursday--Iwent called last Sunday for the Negro kids who (Out of court, Thagard said the new jury system made things more difficult, to the library to work on an aSSignment, are going to integrated schools in Meri "Half or three-quarters of these jurors, no one around the courthouse knows," When I· began, one of the white boys dian. The students discussed several he said. "The she,iff had no end of trouble locating them." The judge said the wrote "White Power-KKK" on a piece things that had happened out at Meridian new jury list included a different class of white people, as well as more Negroes.) Dese egation Ordered of paper, and put it on my table. I let Senior High School Sept. 22 and 23. Perhaps Flowers was closer to the truth when he said, "You have to live in this it sit on the table until I'd finished my "We are not here tofuss," said Ros area to realize the pressures Negroes are under •••• I don't believe they can do lesson. When I finished, I turned and coe Jones, a student at Meridian Junior what they'd like to do, for fear of the white people." . laughed at him, College. "We have fussed too long." The saddest result of the Eugene Thomas trial was that afterwards, the Negro In Crenshaw~ Barbour The students began to tell what had jurors only seemed to want to put as much distance as possible between them and happened to them: BY VIOLA BRADFORD the courthouse. Their first taste of this aspect of democracy had not made them whites. A white boy had thrown some Coca eager for more. MONTGOMERY -- Federal Judge In another order last week, John Cola on a Negro student at the school. Frank M. Johnson Jr,last week ordered son ordered the Barbour County Board One of the white students had "white Crenshaw County schools to desegre of Education to admit 16 Negro stUdents power" written on his shirt, Several Letters to the Editor gate grades one and seven through 12 to the George C. WallaceHighSchoolin white boys had eggs, and were bragging this year. The remaining grades will Clayton, on the same basis as other stu about what they were going to do to the have to be desegregated by 1967, dents. The .order also said the county "niggers," A white boy had pulled a To the Editor: Earlier, the judge hadorderedCren must provide bus transportation for knife out on a Negro girl, saying. "This three other Negro students attending "Is life so dear or peace so sweet as shaw's white schools to accept 202 Ne is meant for you." Also, some white to be purchased at the price of chains gro students in all 12 grades. He said schools in the Enfaula city system. boys had burned some books that they and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty Godl his new order will cut this ill half. The Barbour County order was very thought were Negro kids' books (but they I know not what course others may take, half. Similar to the one for Crenshaw County, were wrong). but as for me--give me liberty or give Johnson's order, issued last Friday, The Barbour board of education was One student at the meeting said the me deathl" These are the soul-stirring was the result of a suit filed against the given the same period of time to sub high school principal, Charles Arm words of Patrick Henry, a late Ameri Crenshaw County board of education by mit a revised county-wide bus system. strong, always wants people to tell him can legislator. This declaration was parents of students who were rejected The county was also given the same the name of the white kids who do things, made before the Virginia legislature in as applicants for the white school. freedom-of-choice time-table. But, said the student, Armstrong must MISS GWENDOLYN CLARK 1776, to persuade the colonies to fight There were three hearings in the case know it is impossible to learn all those the mother country for their political before Johnson made his ruling, Charges Dropped He got so mad, he began to call me whUe kids' names. freedom. Thomas Paine urged the colo In the last hearing sept. 22,'. Joe Rex "nigger" and other things. Another kid Said one girl: "He always wants you nists to wake up and use their common Sport, principal of mostly-white High that was in the library was keeping up to go and get the guy who did this, when sense and fight Great B:dtain in his land Home school, was aske~, by State In Miss.. Deaths a lot of nOise, and the teacher said. he knows good and well that you cannot pamphl:~~•.. ~~(;Qmmon~nse"and"The RiflpresentaHve Ai1ton.'turn~r.-(la",:jte.r. "Slltlt uP, or out you go," . " MERIDIAN, Miss.--The U,S.Justice go .. and··.geta l80"pound white boy and Crisis." Men like these were influen- . for the school board)' to presenlthe When the bell rang for us to chan'ge bring him to him." hal figures in the fight for freedom. problems that would come ab.out if the Department has asked Federal Judge class, I picked up the piece of paper on Harold Cox to throw out the charges "You are out at that school and you Yes, the colonists chose to fight their Negro students were admitted. Resaid the table and threw it on the floor and must stay, no matter what happ(!ns," mother country--the source from which the main problem would be over-crowd against 17 men accused of conspiracy stumped it. The boy said, "You damn in the 1964 killing of three civil rights Jones told the students. their every-day lives, business opera ing. "The lunCh-room facilities are nigger." and walked out, I left, leav "The community should get together tions, and religious customs were pat MISS SANDRA COLVIN limited," said Sport. "They needtobe workers. But that doesn't mean they ing the paper on the floor. are giving up the case, and stand behind the students," some terned. These men thought it better to For years it has been a question of extended." The same day, I wentto the cafeteria, one said, die fighting for freedom than to rot away what the Negro wants. He has never Justice Department lawyers said they "Would restricting desegregation to and the white kids were calling me and "We must stay together," replied in the chains of slavery clanged over said that he wanted all of anything. He certain grades instead of all grades give agreed with attorneys for the 17. who the other Negroes "nigger." So I got claimed the federal gntnd Jury that in Jones. them by their mother country! only wants an equal share of what is you some relief?" asked Johnson. Sport sick of it and turned around and told the The die was cast! The battle was legally hiS, the rights granted him as a replied, "Yes," dicted the men didn·t include enough Ne white boy who was talking, "Shut uP, groes or women. fought! The price was certainly high, citizen by the Constitution oithe United Johnson's order then limited this nigger. you're talking about yourself," But there was no retreat exceptin "sub States, but denied him as a Negro. He year's desegregation to six grades, He The men were scheduled to stand trial because "nigger" means anyone who mission and slavery," and thus with the wants the same equality in better hous said this was in "the best interest" of this Monday on federal charges of con is nasty. spiring against the life and Uberty of spirit of freedom instilled in them, the ing, business accommodations, and bet the schools and the children. I told him, "The last few days I've victory was won. The United States of ter jobs that he has at the income tax Some of the stUdents who had asked Michael Schwerner. James Chaney. and Andrew Goodman. But their lawyers got been at this school, the only thing I've America was bornl window. He wants the same equality in to go to the all-white schools were at seen are 'niggers.' So why don't you Now, nearly 300 years later. the chil public education that he has in many in tending all-Negro Helicon School, Heli the trial postponed last week when they argued that the grand jury that indicted be quiet and stop letting these Negroes Montgomery dren of the men who declared that they stances as being the first suspect for a con's new principal, Murray Foster, know what you are--a 'nigger.''' the men did not represent a cross-sec Mrs. Charlotte Haselrig, a district would die before being slaves are trying committed crime, He wants the same testified Sept, 22 that the school, which After finishing my lunch, I was going to impose slavery upon the Negro--a equality in the voting booth that he has is not accredited, has about 42 students tion of the community. superintendent of the Buds of Promise At the time, the Justice Department into the main building when one of the man who came to America with Colum behind an enemy's bullet in Viet Naml per teacher in the elementary divi~ion. white boys spat on me. I spat back on in Georgia, was the speaker for Wom bus, was brought back as a slave in In the past, the Negro was made to Fred D. Gray. the attorney for theNe contended that the grand jury--which en's Day last Sunday at Mt. Zion AME had included one Negro and two women him, and that evening I told the princi 1619, was declared free in 1863, but feel inferior, ashamed of the fact that gl:'o children, asked Sport if the smool pal about it. Zion Church. "Are you involved?" she is tortured and insulted even now. his skin is black. Now that he has come board had given him any instruction: for --had been fairly chosen, asked the congregation, "Dr have you The United States of America was to realize what America stands for. and orienting the new students who would be The department will now try to get a On Friday, Randolph Hopkins, one of been running away from the business of born out of the struggle for freedom, that the rights granted him by the Con transferring. Sport answered, ":fo." new indictment against the men, from the Negro boys that goes out to the the church?" She said all people can be . The country's founders loved freedom stitution of the United States are his "Did you instruct the bus driven to a grand jury chosen from anew, and school, was in a fight with one of the "ambassadors for Christ" in their and placed it above all earthly posses birth rights and not a gift, he will not change routes to accommodate NIgro more representative, list. white boys. Randolph was sent home daily lives, "Willyouacceptthecall?" sions. Then why, why is the Negro de resign from the fight for freedom! students?" asked Gray. Again S)ort she asked, "Inactivity is the same as nied this freedom? Is not the blood that America has been endangered. Her said, "No." flight. Become involved in active flows through his veins as red as that colors are stained, her principles well School SUpt. C. W. Carpenter. 'las 3 Students Transfer~ Christian service." Citations were of his white brother? Is not the labor understood but her practices off-limit. asked if any major revisions had men given to Miss Dorothy Wright, Miss he spent in the building of our country However. today it has be.en declared by made to do away with the segregateci:lus Lillia~ Payne, Miss Delois Boyd. Miss equal to that of his white brother? Why the Negro, as it was by the colonists: system. He said, "No, we have SEPa Willie Stone, Mrs. Clara Ivey. Mrs, is he placed on the sidelines? No longer there must be total freedom or total op rate bus transportation. We have blEes But One Is Refused Annie Thomas, and Mrs. Gwendolyn will the Negro be given the part of a pressionl Ninety-nine and one-half going in the areas of the schoo);." BY MARY WISSLER reason 1 wanted to go to Bessemer Ligon. The annul;tl program raised walk-on, a stage-hand. In tlits new play percent of freedom just won't do, there In Judge. Johnson's order, the ba.rd BESSEMER--Johnny Lee Adams fin in the first place was to improve my $5,007 for foreign missionary work, script, he must be cast in a leading role. has got to be 100. was given until June 30, 1967, tone a ished the tenthgradeatall.Negro Carv self. I got one F in the tenth grade, For it is without a doubt that he, too, copy of a revised county-wide lUS er High School last June. He wanted to and I started in at summer school for Decatur was and still is a hero in the making of Miss Sandra Colvin transportation system that wiUacccn transfer to formerly alJ-white Besse a week, But then there wasn·t enough Miss Gladys McDaniel was a contes . our country's heritage and prestige. Montgomery modate Negro students as well as mer High School for his last two years. money for _me to go on." _ tant in the Miss Morgan County beauty competition earlier this month. She STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT, Atlanta, Ga.). Names and addresses Along with many other students at When he couldn't get action from the or more of the total amount of tll! didn't win--in fact, she wasn't even OWNERSHIP, AND CIRCULATION of stockholders owning or holding 1% stock or securities of the publishi!; carver, Adams filled out a freedom-of board of eduGation, Adams appealed to chosen as one of the six girls in the fi or more of total amount of stock- choice transfer application last spring. the NAACP at the beginning of Septem (Required by Act of Oct. 23, 1962; corporation, nal round. But nevertheless her show Non-share corporation•. All of his friends' applications were ac ber, But the NAACP did not want to file t Section 4369, Title 39, United States ing was remarkable, because she was Code) 8. Known bondholders, mortga 10. Average number copies eao. cepted, and eight students did transfer a suit against Cobb, who had been gen issue during preceding 12 months a Negro girl 1n probably the first inte 1. Date of filing--Sept. 16, 1966. gees, and other security holders from Carver to Bessemer High this fall. erally helpful in school desegregation. Total number copies printed, 20,OOC grated beauty contest in Alabama his 2. Ti.tle of publication -- The owning or holding 1% or more of total But Adams' application was turned down Finally, Adams wrote to the U.S. Paid sales through dealers and car tory_ Miss McDaniel, a 19-year-old Southern Courier. amount of bonds, mortgages, or oth by the board of education, and that made Justice Department in Washington. "I riers, street vendors and counte: senior at Lakeside High School in Deca 3. Frequency of issue--Weekly. er securities--None. him angry, s till want to transfer to see if! can im sales, 17,500; Paid mail subscrip tur t said she entered the contest be 4. Location of known office of pub Adams is 15 years old and small for prove. myself and especially my 9. Paragraphs 7 and 8 include, in tions, 1,400, Total paid circulation cause "I'd never been in one before." lication--622 Frank Leu Building, 79 his age, but he already knows where he grades," he told them. "I had never cases where the stockholder or se 18,900; Free distribution by mail Commerce St., Montgomery. Mont is going. "My ambition is to be a min been a bad boy or a diSCiplinary prob curity holder appears upon the books carrier, or other means, 400; Tota: Montgomery gomery County. Ala. 36104 ister ," he says quietly. "God willing, lem, • ,. Please help me. I want to of the company as trustee or in any distribution, 19,300; Office use, left Sixteen new teachers, including ten 5. Location of the headquarters or I will go to college. I wantto be as good transfer now." But the Justice Depart other fiduciary relation, the name of over, unaccounted, spoiled aftel with doctor's degrees, were on the fa general business offices of the pub the person or corporation for whom a minister as I can get to be." ment didn't answer, and when the first printing, 700; Total, 20,000, When the school board turned him culty as Alabama State College opened lishers--Same. such trustee is acting, also the state day of school came, Adams had to go down, Adams decided not to take notor its fall term this month, Levi Watkills, 6. Names and addresses of pub ments in the two paragraphs show the Single issue nearest tofilingdate: . back to Carver. an answer, The board told him that his president of the college. said 29 teach lisher. editor. and managing editor affiant's full knowledge and belief as Total number copies printed, 24,750 ''If I was accepted now. well, I would principal, James I. Cobb, had not rec er s--one-third of the faculty --now have --Publisher: Southern Educational to the circumstances and conditions Paid sales through dealers and n't go," Adams said this week. "There ommended him for a transfer, "Mr, doctor's degrees. Enrollment for the Conference, Inc., 622 Frank Leu under which stockholders and secur riers, 21,241; Paid mail subscrip wou1i:l be too much catching up. .t}nd I Cobb came here and told me he had mis fall term at ASC was 1,657 students, Building. Montgomery. Ala; Editor: ity holders who do not appear upon tions, 2,038; Total paid circulation won't try again next year~ Pm gettin' taken Johnny for some other little boy," Michael S. Lottman, 143 Wade St., the books of the company as trustees, 23,279; Free distribution, 701; Tota me some good grades up at Carver now, said Adams' mother. "He said he was THINK AND GRIN Montgomery. Ala.; Managing Editor: hold stock and securities in a capac distribution, 23,980; Officeuse,left and for the last year I ought to stay." sorry," Where are the kings of F:ngland Mary Ellen Gale, 1001 WaShington, ity other than that ofabonafide own over, unaccounted, spoiled after Adams said he isn't bitter about what But this week, Cobb said, "The young usually crowned? Tuskegee Institute, Ala. er. Names and addresses of stock printing, 770; Total, 24,750. happened. "It was kind of hard when I . man had some F's. It was my opinion On the head. 7. OWner--Southern Educational holders in a stockholding cor got rejected, but I'm not against my that he should not be transferred with Conference, Inc., 622 Frank Leu poration have been included in para I certify that the statements made school," he said. "In fact, I love Car failures on his record, since we would Where is the best place to have a Building. Montgomery, Ala, (Geor graphs 7 and 8 when the interests of by me above are correct and com ver. It's only that Bessemer teaches want him to make a goodishowing." very painful boil? gia address--859 1/2 Hunter St. NW. such individuals are equivalent to 1% plete. Michael S, Lottman, Editor. i classes on a higher level, and there's "About my grades,"sald Adams,"the a chance for better jobs." On someone else. OCTOBER 1-2.1966 THE SOUTHERN C OURlER PAGE THREE
On Sunday. Sept. 4, thousands of Negroes marched into Cicero, Illinois. an all-white suburb of Chicago, to demand an end to segregated housing. The march was different from the non-violent demonstrations that the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and SC LC had been leading all summer in the Chicago Freedom Movement. This time, the marchers were prepared to fight back, if attacked. Fewer whites, and fewer women and chil dren, were marching. Marchers often shouted "Black power." The Cicero march firsthad been planned by Dr. King. He called it off when Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley and the Chicago Real E state Board promised to work toward ending the housing discrimination that has kept many Negroes living in ghettos. But some Negroes were not satisfied with this agreement. and C ORE de cided to hold the march anyway. Cicero residents greeted the Negroes by waving swastika flags and shouting Nazi slogans. Expecting trouble, Illinois Governor otto Kerner had called out 2.500 National Guard troops. These troops, and hundreds of state, county. and city police, helped keep violence to a minimum. But a few rocks, bottles, and cherry bombs were thrown. and there were a few scuffles. Whatever else it may have done, Dr. King's agreement had not great ly changed the mood of the white residents of Cicero. Special .Feature: D TR 10 in the ORTH
Photographs by John Phillips
Grinnell College 'Scarlet & Black' OC TOBER 1-2. 1966 PAGE FOUR ....____ ,___ II!iIt'OtIll!l ..
SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS AT CHARITY CHAPEL ASSEMBLY OF GOD, ONE OF MANY CAJUN CHURCHES THE CAJUNS' LITTLE STORES DON'T MAKE MUCH MONEY aJun, In Wa hin ton County: ey tay t hem elv BY DON GREGG Washington County Probate Judge Tom W. Turner says and, like most Cajuns, he calls himself white. His brother that there are about 350 to 400 families of Cajuns in the married a Negro, so he calls himself Negro, McINTOSH--To most people, segre southern section. AU of them live west of Highway 43 in a And when a Cajun girl married a Negro in Washington gation means separation of Negroes and 100-square-mile area from McIntosh and Calvert to Topton County, the Cajuns wouldn't let the child go to the Cajun whites. In Washington County» it means and Charity Chapel. A smaller group lives on the same net schools. The couple sent their child to live with its grand a lot more. This southwest Alabama work of back roads in. the bordering part of Mobile County, parents and attend an all-Negro school, from Citroneile to Mt. Vernon. Some Cajuns call themselves Indians, instead of white. county has a third group of people seg The Cajuns live in clusters of houses, as if banding togeth They don't use the word Cajun, but, as a young waitress in regated from both the Negro and the er against poverty and isolation. In most yards there is an Wagarville put it, "If you say 'Hey, Cajun!' they know who white communities. old car or a pickup truck, but it is parked in front of a shack, you' re talking to. The people are known as Cajuns. Occasionally you see a brlght red or shiny black motorcycle, "They live down there around McIntosh and they're part They are a mixture ofIndian, white, and and even the smallest shacks can first be spotted by televi nigger and part white, but some of the girls are real pretty. sion antennas sticking up above. the trees, but there are few Especially those that live up near the white folks." she said. Negro. No one knows where they came middle-class houses. "They stay to themselves and don't nobody mess with 'em. from. and no one knows why they are The average Cajun home has two rooms, One is a small If they like yoU, they like you; if they don't, they don·t." called Cajuns.. The name is usually ap- kitchen dominated by a black, wood-burning stove. The other Judge Turner is one of the few people in Washington Coun plied to an all-white group of French descendants living in room, set off by a thin partition, holds the beds and the TV ty that doesn't call them Cajuns. Instead, he calls them the bayou country of southern Louisiana, but theWashington for the five-membllr family. Vegetables grow in a small "friend," or he simply calls them by name, That's because County Cajuns have no trace of a French accent, and their garden beside the lO-by-25.J.'oot house, and one or two sleepy· he has known them all his life. Since he became probate speech lacks the sing-song whine that is t.he trademark of dogs lie in the yard. judge in January of 1965, he has used his power to help them •. the Louisiana Cajun. The Cajuns' prou4est buildings are their schools anq Onecf his first official acts was to take his four man court churches, which are brick, concrete block, or neat frame . ·0£ commissioners, the county governing body,.to two of the structures, Like the Negroes and whites of Washington area's big businesses: Geigy and Olin chemical companies, County, the Cajuns have their own schools, four of them ill "Since that meeting," Turner said, "the companies have JUDGE TURNER all. The churches, usually Baptist or Assembly of God, are begun to hire them. Olin might have had one working there so numerous that most Cajnns are within walking distance before, but the officials at Geigy said they just didn't know of them. about them." Most of the Cajuns make a living by hauling pulp wood for Finding jobs for them is important, but Judge Turner paper companies. "They live in family groups of about 25," thinks of the Cajuns as people, not just as a problem. In 1962 said Judge Turner, "and in this group there might be one he began taking Christmas presents to the poorest of them. paper-wood truck. During the harvestseason,someot them "I still carry presents around to the old folks and the crip help farmers take in their crops; and some of them have lit ples," he said. tie stores, buttheydon'tmakemuchmoneyfrom them. Since He also tries to help the Cajuns in other ways, When he jobs are scarce, some take off for Mobile to work on the visited George Snow and his family in the dead of winter. docks," Turner said, the Snows' unsealed, one-room house was The Hi-Way 43 Drive-in Theater is the only place that "freezing cold." Snow and the children were Sick, so Turn Cajuns go for entertainment, otherwise, they pass the time er explained to Mrs, Snow how she could buy old or rejected . by working, hunting, fishing, or just sitting around talking, plywood and seal her home, "After she did it, she called me Like many poor people, the Cajuns marry young and have to coine look at it. She said it made all the difference in the lots of children. Mrs, Louella Snow, 69, spoke proudly of world." her large number of grandchildren and great-grand children. But the biggest thing Turner has tried to do for them, and But she said her 29-year-old daughter. with six children aged for all of the poor people of his county, has been a failure. two to 11, is "kinda checked up now. She says she ain't Nearly two years ago he helped set up the Tombigbee Com raisin' no more." munity Action Program. "That's as far as we've gotten," Everywhere in this 100 square miles you hear the same Turner said. The program has not yet qualified for the ini . names: Snow, Reed, Weaver, Orso, Chestang,Rivers. ASked tial grant needed to get things under way • about her name, Mrs. Snow said, "There's another Louella According to Turner. the Tombigbee program (for Wash Snow, but she'll change her name pretty soon. She'll be get ington, Clarke, and Choctaw counties) has met the general ting married. She's 12 and, Lo-o-ord, she's a big old girl." requirements set out by the federal Office of Economic Op The small number of names indicates a problem of the portunity. He said that whites, Negroes, and representatives Cajun way of life. According to a Justice Department official of labor, education,- the county governments, agriculture. and who has worked some with them, they often marry within industry, are all on the planning committee. their own family. This causes a high rate of mental prob He blamed the long delay partly on federal officials. Three lems, and physical defects like poor eyeSight, crippled limbs, requests for funds have been submitted to OEO, but all of them and misshapen heads. have been rejected. Turner said the latest one was turned down two weeks ago because it needed to be updated. Cajuns seldom marry outside their own group, but when Be said the refusal was particularly frustrating because an they do it can cause a different kind of problem, In one fam OEO official had come from Atlanta to show him how to fill TURNER CALLS THE CAJUNS 'FRIEND' ily. Turner said, a man married a white girl from Oklahoma, (CONTINUED ON PAGE Sf'A, Col. 1) MRS. LOUELLA SNOW
THE AVERAGE CAJUN HOUSE HAS TWO ROOMS THE AVERAGE CAJUN FAMILY HAS MANY CHILDREN OCTOBER 1-2,1966 THE SOUTHERN COURIER- PAGE FIVE In Greene County Case • • • chool I ctIonS III Rural ISS., BY PATRICIA JAMES of Neshoba County and otis C. Millsap This election is for school boards in 2. Running school buses and some u.s. Judge Blocks MERIDIAN, Miss.--Beat 5 in almost of Jasper County. , rural areas. Towns and cities usually times buying new ones; every county in Mississippi will have a have separate school boards. 3, BUYing books for all schools in the board of education election Nov. 8. "I am running because I think we can county system; Almost all county boards of educa ask for what we want." said Mrs. Batts. Candidates for the board of education 4. Purchasing supplies and equip Grand Jury Action tion have five members--each one "Speak out and let them know what we must be registered voters who have ment; want. My people can tell me what they lived in their beats for one year. To get elected by the people living in his beat. 5. Approving or disapproving of stu want, and when the board has its meet on this year's ballot, they must get 10% BY ROBERTA REISIG This year's election concerns Beat 5 dents transferring from one school to in every Mississippi county except ings, I can tell the board what my people of the registered voters in Beat 5, or another; MONTGOMERY --"In any county 50 people--whichever is less--to sign Washington. Coahoma, and Leflore. and I want." 6. Changing boundaries of school where we find Negroes are improperly a petition nominating them for the In these three counties, the members Now. said Millsap, "wehavenovoice districts; and kept off the juries, we can stop the court school board. They must hand in the are elected at large, which means that in matters. We don't know anything 7. Pay{ng the salary and expenses or from functioning," a civil rights lawyer petitions before, Oct. 9. everybody in the whole county can vote. a!>out what's going on in our state. We the county superintendent of edu'cation. claimed last week. These counties will hold elections in want to know what's happening. Weare Board members are elected for six The attorney" DonaldA. Jelinek olthe 1967. human beings, just as the other race. years. People elected to represent Beat Lawyers Constitutional Defense Com Two Negroes running in Beat 5 elec This is why I am running--because I 5 will be on the board until 1972. NOLENS GROCERY mittee (LCDC), had done just that- tions this fall are Mrs. Mary Inez Batts want my people to get what theywant/' What does a member doinsixyears? Groceries, Notions, School Supplies temporarily, at least. Last Thursday. The main job is to pay all bills. Federal Judge H. H. Grooms of Birm Among the responsibilities of the board 735 E. Academy st. ingham stopped the Greene County Thomas Cleared of education are: Troy, Ala. grand jury from hearing evidence 1. Paying teachers' salaries; against Jelinek's client,civil rights (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE) "Our relationships with niggers are worker Paul M. Bokulich. until a three guilty verdict. Then all 12 sat back in extremely good. Tonight, Pd do most judge panel could look into the county's their seats in the jury box, laughing, anything for the nigger." Ross Street Cleaners' entire jury system. eating sandwiches, and drinking Cokes. 418 ROSS ST., MONTGOMERY MALOEI BROTH'EIS Jelinek had charged that there were After that, they collected their pay for not enough Negroes on the grand jury. jury duty--$16 for two days--and hur Maid Jobs CLEANING EXPERTLY DONE SHOP and that the whole jury system was un BARBER ried out of the courthouse, New York, Conn. & other points- BY constitutional. He said his suit was un Ages 18, to 50, Single or married. EXPERIENCED PERSONNEL 407 South Jackson usual in many ways. One Negro juror said afterward that PAUL M. BOKULICH AND FAMILY $35 to $65 a week, free board&uni Montgomery. Alabama Jelinek said this is the first time a jury duty was "all right." At first, he CITY WIDE DELIVERY SERVICE many "fit" people, "permitting whole forms, off one day each week & ev judge has kept a grand jury from hear said, the jurors "couldn't get together" sale, purposeful discrimination at the ery other Sunday. Must have ref ing evidence because of its racial make on the verdict, but then they did. Would whim and caprice" ofthe jury commis erence from your minister. teacher, Mack Guilford, Prop. uP. (In the past, convictions have been he want to serve again? "Well," he Nelson Gnd Spurgeon Malden sion, the suit said. business concern, or former ~m': thrown out for racial reasons--butonly said doubtfully, "it's a pretty big job." PHONE 262-0990 Third. it said, the Greene County Jury ployer. Write for applications today. after the defendant had been indicted, Another Negro juror said he didn't Commission, which chooses jurors, is If accepted, we will send tickets to tried, and convicted.) think Thomas was innocent and he didn't unconstitutionally made uP. AppOinted B'ham and to your employment des ...... Furthermore, he said, his suit think he was guilty. "I couldn't under by Governor George C. Wallace (a de tination. 24 hours service. • • doesn't make the usual claims--that stand ••• about the. pistols and stuff," fendant in Jelinek's suit), the jury com • • Negroes were completely excluded he said. He added that he wouldn't want ~ mission has never included a Negro. DOMESTIC ·• • from jury serVice, or that only a few to serve again, because "it's too hard." • @ '(token" Negroes were included. The Before Judge Grooms' order can be G• ®~ come permanent, Jelinek must prove As the last of the partiCipants in the EMPL. AGCY. e @ suit admits that the Greene County jury last of Lowndes County's civil rights his case to the three-judge panel. e $~ list is 30% Negro. trials drove off, County Solicitor Carl 424 N. 17th St., Birmingham ·@ @ Meanwhile, the lawyer celebrated the : And, said Jelinek, the suit is the first ton Perdue stood out in the darkness, first-round victory by buying adog. He 252-4881 ·@ ~• direct challenge to the constitutionality telling anyone who wanted to hear: named it "Bokulich." @ * qf Alabama's jury laws. ~ ·a• •0 BokuUch, 28, from Detroit, Michigan, ~pent last winter and spring working on Alabama Christian • • ~ voter registration for SCLC in Greene Movement for Haman Rights Distributors! Advertisers! ·•e • County. In the May Democratic pri • $ mary, one Negro--the Rev. Peter Kirk The weekly meeting will be held • e $ey--won nomination to county office. Monday, Oct. 3, at the 17th St. AOH Correspondents! • @ • @ Then on June 20, Bokulich was arrested Church of God, Bishop Jasper Robey, for grand larceny. Greene County Sher pastor. Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth will : "This is Norman Lumpkin, WRMA : iff Bill Lee aecusedhim of "flim-flam be our freedom speaker. : News Editor and Reporter. For one newscast I . : ming" two local Negroes, Mrs. Julia THE : write. call on the telephone,andtalkwHhall sorts : Watson and Hank Belton, by posing as \& of people for YOU. Hear news from Central Ala- • a government employee and stealing : bama as well as from' Viet Nam on WRMA, 950 : their welfare checks. CO @ in Montgomery, Ala." NormanLumpkinreports III Normally. the case would have gone HELP-HELP-HELP : eight times daily. every hour on the half-hour. : before a grand jury, which would decide REV. ROOSEVELT FRANKUN • Do you have news? Call 264-6440 and ask for iIlI of Macon, Ga. •., Norman Lumpkin,
------~------newest member I very junior grade! Aim toward specific "targets" - old-age security, MAIL TO: Send me the SOUTHERN COURIER music lessons for the youngsters, a special vacation - THE SOUTHERN COURIER for one year. I am sending check or new car - whatever it is, save for it . , . let us help you Room 1012, Frank Leu Bldg. money order. 79 Commerce St. finance it with easy payments. You will reach your aim Montgomery, Alabama 36104 Name more quickly by letting us be your financial partner!
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