OUTLINE Notre Dame University - Louaïze, Issued by the Public Relations Office a WORD from the PRESIDENT

NDU Spirit, a periodical bulletin about campus life at OUTLINE Notre Dame University - Louaïze, issued by the Public Relations Office A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT

July 2003 - Issue N° 28 I- ACADEMIC AFFAIRS Agreement with Central Connecticut State University 3 World Bank, UN and NDU 4 Visit of LAU President 4 Consultative Committee Admissions in Action 5 Deans of Faculties Memoranda 7

II- STUDENT AND ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES Christian Mysticism, International Conference 8 The Anti-Drug War - NDU Activity 12 Editor-in-Chief Dr. H. Maalouf and the Greek Catholic Association 13 George Mghames Fulbright for former NDU Student 13 Maronite Requiem of Abbot Eid 14 Millennium Lecture Series 15 Shouf Campus News 17 English Editor Founder's Day up North 19 Kenneth Mortimer NDU Job Fair 20 NDU and Environment 21 IAA "Creativity" Workshop 21 FAAD and Photography 22 FAAD in Rotterdam 23 Reporting The Sound of Music in Istanbul 25 Ghada Mouawad NDU Society of Civil Engineers 26 NDU at 14th IEEE International Conference 28 Founder's Day at Main Campus 29 CARES comes to Campus 30 With Communio 31 Amin Asswad, Student Martyr 32 Representatives of Faculties General Aoun on the Phone 32 and Student Clubs Dr. Abdul Rahman Bizri on SARS 33 Professor Raizis on Byron 35 Third Year of Traditions 36 Dory Chamoun at NDU 38 Layout Religious Diversity Discussion 38 Technopub s.a.r.l. European Union Ambassador 39 Sports Office News 40 Another Day to Remember - Fadia El-Hage 42 NDU Choir ... 10 years! 43

Print III- OPINION AND CULTURE Meouchy and Zakaria God's Fatherhood and Drug Use - Father Roger Chikri 44 Economie et Salut - Père Béchara Khoury 46 Le Synode de l’Eglise Maronite - Dr. Georges Labaki 48 The Lebanese in Guadaloupe - Guita Hourani 50 Notre Dame University - Louaïze The Art of Unarmed Combat - Joe Chamma 53 Zouk-Mosbeh Tel: (09) 218950/1/2/4/5 Life in Our Lebanon 54 Barsa Tel: (03) 749402 - (06)416101/2/3 Something for Your Grey Matter 55 Shouf Tel: (05)511202-4-5-6 IV - BOOK REVIEW email: [email protected] Fear and Anxiety in the Arab World - Dr. Michel G. Nehme 57 A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT

ith feeble fluttering, the dove of peace is Blessings on him who comes in the name of the Lord! trying to take flight. We can only wish it well, (Matt. XXIII, 37-39) But Christ gave us an example to W putting our trust in God and not in men. But show that our concern for others must not be limited to when peace comes, the sense of urgency disappears and our clan, or sect or national boundaries. The Jews the ambitious think only of themselves. War moves from despised and hated the sect of the Samaritans, but the battlefield to the economic and social scene and Christ stayed two days with them and spoke to them, with the sufferings of the poor and the oppressed the until many came to believe. (John IV, 41) seeds are sown of further bloodshed.

Christ said: "The poor you have always with you." Even more striking is Christ's attitude to the Canaanite (Matt. X, 11) Too often this verse is quoted with a shrug woman. She belonged to a pagan people, yet his mercy of the shoulders to justify indifference to the fate of the extended to her. Then Jesus answered her, “Woman, unfortunate. But quite clearly Our Lord meant that as you have great faith. Let your wish be granted." And we have the poor always with us we should always be from that moment her daughter was well again. (Matt. doing good. Of course, we no longer help the poor XV, 28, Mark VII, 29, 30) simply by almsgiving. The world has changed. We help the poor by educating them and by providing them with The fact is that no part of a population can live in peace, the facilities of modern times, in particular so that they prosperity and security while another part lives in want can enter the labour market. We have seen how the and ignorance. That is why the mission of Notre Dame devil finds work for idle hands to do. University of Louaize extends beyond the Mountain to The fault of the Jewish people and the cause of their the whole of Lebanon and beyond that again to rejection was their belief that only they were the Chosen wherever there is a need for education to ensure a People, a people of race rather than a people who heard human existence and to lift up the mind and the spirit. the Word of God. "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you that kill the prophets and stone those who are sent you!... Your Rev. Boutros Tarabay house will be left to you desolate...until you say: President

2 NNU SPIRIT AGREEMENT WITH CCSU NDU and Central Connecticut State sign agreement

Under the supervision and guidance of Dr. Edward Alam, NDU Director of International Affairs, a university cooperation agreement has been signed between NDU and Central Connecticut State University (CCSU), USA.

This occurred on April 22, 2003, when Mr. George Hajjar LCSW, NDU lecturer, was hosted by Dr. Richard Judd, President of CCSU, at a dinner offered in the President's Dining HALL. Mr. Hajjar and President Judd, in the presence of prominent members of the Lebanese American Community of Connecticut, signed a memorandum of understanding between NDU and CSSU. Mr. Mr. George Hajjar, lecturer at NDU, and Dr. Richard Judd, President of Central Connecticut State University, USA, Hajjar, a native of Connecticut and grad- sign the memorandum of understanding between their respective institutions. uate of CSSU, was honored and impressed by the hospitality of CSSU President Dr. Judd. "Almost twenty years after I had graduated from CSSU," remarked Mr. Hajjar, "Dr. Judd remem- bered me! This is a testament to Dr. Judd, who is known as a personable, well-respected and well-liked University President. In particular, he is recognized as having been most helpful and kind towards Connecticut's various American ethnic communities." At the dinner meeting, Mr. Hajjar gave an overview of NDU's academic programs and reviewed with Dr. Judd and the participants the various research institutions at NDU, the LERC, WEE, ISORCS and DPC. Mr. Hajjar also discussed with Dr. Judd Signing the agreement in the presence of prominent members of the Lebanese-American community in Connecticut. and the other participants aspects of Left to right: front row Mr. George Hajjar, representing NDU, and Dr. Richard Judd, President of CCSU: back row, Rev. George D. Hajjar, Commissioner of the Governor's Financial Planning and Assistance Board, Deacon of St. Michael's NDU's vision for inter-university cooper- Catholic Church in Waterbury Ct. and owner of David Jeweler's; Attorney William Hamzy, State Representative of ation. Dr. Judd offered a very impressive Terryville Ct.; Dr. Ghassan el Eid, Professor of Political Science at CCSU; Mrs. Selma Frohm, TV talk show producer and outline of CSSU's interest in establishing host; Mr. Nehme Atallah, Lead Cantor of our Lady of Lebanon Church in Waterbury; Mr. John Atallah, recent CCSU graduate and former captain of the football team; a center for Lebanese studies at CSSU, and Dr. Lawrence Aucella, school psychologist and University professor. complete with teacher and student exchange, research on the Lebanese- holds great promise and the possibility of future benefits for the two universities as American experience and history, and well as for American-Lebanese community relations. university courses in Lebanese studies as well as lectures, cultural events, exhibi- Connecticut is the second oldest state in the USA and CCSU is the oldest university tions and so on. Dr. Judd proposes to in Connecticut and even in most of New England. CCSU is a Division 1-A university "develop an endowment (1.5 million cor- and has 15,000 students. It has a full range of academic programs leading to bache- pus) to fund a named academic chair for lor, master and doctorate degrees. Dr. Alam had the following comment to make: Lebanese-American studies." "The NDU/CSSU agreement surely stands out as one of the most promising." N The agreement between NDU and CSSU Information kindly supplied by Mr. George Hajjar

NNU SPIRIT 3 WORLD BANK, UN AND NDU

May 6th, 2003, the NDU authorities Onreceived Professor Jon Martin Trondalen, Director of the Committee for Water Resources under the ægis of the World Bank in Geneva, and Dr. Adel Bichara, expert of the World Bank Rural Development, Water and Environment Department, Middle East and North Africa Region. The visitors had a long meeting with Dr. Ameen Albert Rihani, Vice President for Research and Development, Dr. Shahwan al-Khoury, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Dr. Fadi Qomair, Director General of Water Resources, and other officials of the new Center for Water and Environmental Studies proposed for the University. The delegation and its hosts in the NDU Restaurant.

During this reunion, a study was made of possible future projects that the Center might launch in Lebanon and the Arab World and means of cooperation between the University and the World Bank. During their tour of the Campus, members of the delegation expressed special praise for the laboratories devoted to hydraulic engineering, the environment and development in the Faculty of Engineering. N

VISIT OF DR. RIYAD NASSAR, PRESIDENT LAU

accompanying photograph shows Doctor Our Riyad Nassar, President of the Lebanese American University, in the company of Father Boutros Tarabay, President of NDU, Doctor Ameen A. Rihani, Vice President for Sponsored Research and Development, and Mr. Suheil Matar, Director of Public Relations, during Doctor Nassar's visit to NDU on May 8. This was a happy occasion as the Lebanese American University played an important role in launching Notre Dame-Louaize during a very difficult period. N

4 NNU SPIRIT ADMISSIONS IN ACTION!!! Kindly supplied by Miss Elham Hasham, Director of Admissions

Another academic year comes to an end! Thank God, it has been extremely productive and NDU is definitely up there at the top of the list. It is worth noting the words of wisdom that Reverend Father Butros Tarabay, our NDU President, used in the catalogue of 2001-2003:

All of us at NDU are going forward with our mission, our philosophy, our curricu- lum and our university spirit. We are all members of one large university family, The NDU Stand at the Educational Exhibition, World Trade Center, Dubai working together and learning from each other with worthy ambition, commitment and enthusiasm. The moral and spiritual task of NDU is to build a fully formed, well-rounded personality with a clear value system confirming a sense of human dignity along with the active role of a creative and analytical mind. We need a university culture that is genuine- ly humanistic, in the sense that culture must correspond to the human person and his rights. We will never compromise on essential human values.

Presiding the Seminar: Miss Hasham, Director of Admissions; Dr. Antoine Karam, Dean FBA&E; Mr. Abou Jaoudeh, General Manager Lebanese Canadian Bank; and Dr. Rachid Saber, Chairperson, Department of Management and Marketing.

he Admissions Office has set- gratulate and commend the tion sessions. These entailed the tled into its new Main Campus Admissions team on such academ- promotion of all programs of study T ic professionalism, on their contri- within the six faculties, together location, which now houses a com- bution and on their achievements: with a brief overview of NDU, plete and unified division. All Miss Pascale Abi Rizk, Mrs. membership, admission require- members of the Admissions Office Karine Saadeh, Mrs. Mirna Sfeir, ments, financial aid, tuition fees at all three campuses are always Miss Marise Abboud, Mr. Mario and entrance examinations, all ready to serve and facilitate proce- Kozaily, Mrs. Suzanne Dandan incidentally explained in the dure for all. It is because of this and Mr. Farid Haykal. Admissions Guide. teamwork and healthy interaction that we are as successful as we are. Through total collaboration The annual School Principals' gath- This is something about which we between the three campuses and erings, held individually at Main will never compromise and which an excellent network, about two Campus, North Campus and has translated itself into total loyal- hundred schools have been visited Shouf Campus, were very con- ty and commitment to NDU. The across Lebanon. The principals structive. The Principals of the Director of Admissions, Miss and students showed enthusiasm schools related to each area were Elham Hasham, would like to con- and interest at each of the orienta- invited. The meeting at Main

NNU SPIRIT 5 Campus was exceptional this year. The lunch was preceded by a seminar with the participation of Dr. Ahmad Al-Jammal, Director of Higher Education; Mr. George Nehme, Director General of the Ministry of Higher Education, Reverend Father Marwan Tabet, Secretary General of Catholic Schools in Lebanon, and Miss Suheila Tohme from the Equivalence Committee. The NDU Director of Admissions, Miss Elham Hasham, welcomed the guests and gave a power-point presentation of NDU in the Past, Present and Future. The talks covered the concerns and NDU graduate students listening attentively to guest speakers at the Management Seminar. challenges of our schools and about how to maintain quality education and Africa. The Admissions Office Admissions Officers in Lebanon has through enhanced relations with has also initiated and established been established. The official name the universities. Both the speakers contacts with three prestigious and details will soon be set down. international associations - The purpose is to maintain the qual- and the audience expressed their AACRAO, NACAC and the College ity of higher education and to create appreciation of the initiative of the Board. NDU is now a member of a smooth flow of interaction with Admissions Office in launching each of these organizations. The schools. such dialogue, as NDU has been the AACRAO contacted the Director of As a member of the Department of first university to show interest and Admissions for a presentation of the Management and Marketing in the concern and take action in the field. Educational System in Lebanon at Faculty of Business Administration its annual conference. The 24th A committee has been formed to and Finance, Miss Elham Hasham Annual Arab ACRAO (Associate of follow up the matter further. organized a seminar this year, the Collegiate Registrars and topic of which was Diagnostic In addition to contacting schools Admissions Officers) Conference Management Processes and within Lebanon, the Admissions will be held once again in Lebanon Applications of Quality Management and hosted this time by Notre Offices continues to contact schools in Financial Institutions. The speak- Dame University. This arrange- abroad that have been visited in ers were Mr. Ahmad Husseini, ment was approved by the KSA, UAE, Kuwait, Jordan and UK. Managing Director of U.M.C. Executive Committee last year in Contact has also been made with Consulting Services, and Mr. Jordan at the request of Miss Elham schools in Bahrain, Qatar and George Zard Abou Jaoudeh, Hasham. France. Many applications have Chairman and General Manager of been submitted from these schools. The Admissions Office and the the Lebanese Canadian Bank. The As usual, NDU had a stand at the Office of Tests, Measurements and audience included both profession- Educational Exhibition at the World Evaluation have been working in als and NDU graduate students. Trade Center in Dubai. NDU has close coordination for greater acad- NDU aims for the future of just participated (in June) in the first emic involvement. The OTM&E Lebanon by instructing persons educational exhibition to take place has prepared an Entrance Test who may choose to apply them- in Syria. There will also be NDU Guide that is being distributed to selves to the common goals of life. representation at the 40th Annual applicants. Special thanks are due We want to bring courage and ratio- NAM Convention due in New York to the Director, Dr. Kamal Abou nality into their lives and help them in July. Chedid, Mrs. Diana Sarkis and to become physically strong, men- Miss Rita Orfali. Through our healthy interaction tally alert and full of grace. with NAM (National Apostolate of Last year, the Director of Institutions of higher learning are Maronites), the Admissions Office Admissions invited the Directors of centres of science, learning and cre- has received numerous inquiries Admissions of all other well-estab- ativity for the service and better- about the Summer Arabic Program lished universities to NDU. Talks ment of humanity. NDU has and applications are being submit- were initiated to join hands and col- ted. This program is attracting peo- laborate for more academic profes- always fulfilled its role of confirm- ple from other countries, including sionalism and a healthier relation- ing and spreading a sense of human Sweden, Belgium, France, Australia ship. This year an association for dignity and will continue to do so.

6 NNU SPIRIT MEMORANDA

From the President's Office

APPOINTMENTS

27.03.2003: Ms. Guita Hourani as full-time Co-academic Researcher at the Lebanese Emigration Research Center (LERC), with effect from 1st March, 2003. 07.04.2003: Mr. Walid Mrad as Manager at the Center for Digitalization and

At the Management Seminar: Mr. Ahmad Husseini, Preservation (CDP) and Miss Carla Sfeir as CDP Technical Assistant, Managing Director, U.M.C. Consulting Services. both reporting to Solomon said that the Temple of Dr. A. Rihani, Vice President, Sponsored Research & Development. Jerusalem was built from the Cedars of Lebanon. Those cedars have bro- 09.06.2003: ken off little splinters that have spread throughout the world. The young men and women of Notre APPOINTMENT: Dame University are themselves also splinters of the cedars and they will With effect from 1st April, 2003: undoubtedly reward our efforts by Mr. Maroun Mhanna as Driver. leaving enduring impressions wherever they go and whatever they do. NDU takes pride in its achievements TRANSFERS: and despite all tribulations we vow With effect from 1st April, 2003: that we shall continue to offer quality education, spread goodwill and Ms. Elsie Khoury from the position of Circulation Assistant at the show progress and determination in Library to the position of Secretary, Faculty of the face of all adversity. Architecture, Art and Design. Finally, I would like to quote from Ms. Gisele Mrad from the position of Cataloguing Assistant at the the Second Letter of Peter, verses 5-8: Library to the position of Secretary, Division of Computing Services. For this very reason, do your best to add goodness to your faith; to your Ms. Reine Wehbe from the position of Operator (Main Campus) to goodness add knowledge; to your the position of Operator, Division of Continuing knowledge add self-control; to your Education (Old Campus). self-control add endurance; to your With effect from 1st June, 2003: endurance add Godliness; to your Godliness add brotherly affection; Mr. Abdo Bejjani from the position of Maintenance Worker to the and to your brotherly affection add position of Photographer at the Radio/Television love. These are the qualities you Studio. need, and if you have them in abun- dance, they will make you active and effective in your knowledge of Our Lord Jesus Christ. PROMOTION: ...May the Holy Virgin guide and With effect from 1st April, 2003: bless you always. See you next year, Mr. Maroun El Rayess from the position of Security Officer to the posi- N God willing... tion of Circulation Assistant at the Library.

NNU SPIRIT 7 CHRISTIAN MYSTICISM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

his remarkable event, held under the patronage of THis Beatitude Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Patriarch of Antioch and of the East and Cardinal, who was represented by Archbishop Chukrallah Harb, was held on Friday May 16th, 2003 in Friends Hall at the main NDU Campus. It introduced speakers of outstanding authority, both international and local. We might mention here the presence of Dr. Mahmoud Ayoub, due to speak in a coming Millennial Lecture; a man of profound learning and spirituality, he is an authority on the Sufite tradition and its links with Christian monasticism. His remarks were heard with keen attention. NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay welcomes Archbishop Chukrallah Harb, representing His Beatitude Patriarch Cardinal Nasrallah Sfeir.

Proceedings started at 9.30 a.m. with earth, and the secular and the reli- Father Woods explained that the chanting of the Lord's Prayer by gious, within the body of the con- Eckhart was a profound philosophi- Mr. Raji Haddad accompanying temporary Church. cal thinker, scripture scholar and himself on the lute and the playing theologian, but that it was as a Father Boutros Tarabay, President of the National Anthem. Then Dr. preacher and spiritual writer that he of NDU, then welcomed the speak- Boulos Sarru', Dean of Humanities, became a major source for Christian ers and guests to an occasion that gave a penetrating introduction to mystics for centuries as well as for would show how such people as the whole subject of mysticism, deal- spiritual seekers in other traditions Eckhart, Edith Stein, Rielo, Palamas, ing with it as the "inevitable path of in more recent times. Drawing on a Cabasilas and Nareg, far from being the soul". Referring to the statement thorough knowledge of Holy divided, were united as sources of contained in the first three verses of Scripture, the early Alexandrine spirituality by their love of Christ. the Gospel of St. John, he said we spiritual theology, the Cappadocian All people needed to go deeper into were called to accept it not merely by Fathers and the Dionysian writings, their spiritual roots. exegesis, inductive or deductive rea- Eckhart fused Thomistic, Arabic and soning, but by faith. This did not First Session: Western Mysticism Jewish elements into a great mysti- mean "a vague exaltation that cal synthesis. Radically apophatic, drenches us in an ecstasy without he sought union with God by rid- The first guest speaker was Father reason but rather a reasoning exalta- ding the mind of all images and the Richard Woods, Ph.D. S.T.M., of the tion." He analysed the question of heart of all attachments, without Dominican Order, associate profes- man having a third dimension, the special practices such as penances, sor of theology at the Dominican soul, as well as body and mind, the pilgrimages or other works. Father University of River Forest, Illinois, soul revealing truth to the mind. Dr. Woods presented Eckhart's spiritu- between 1991 and 1999 lecturer and Sarru' then outlined the intention of ality as a "wayless way". Pope John tutor at the Dominican Blackfriars the Conference as being to highlight Paul's endorsement in 1985 of Hall, Oxford University, UK, and in the nature of the mysticism of Eckhart as a spiritual teacher and 1999 Aquinas Scholar at Emory Christianity, to respond to the athe- master, he remarked, had dispelled University, Atlanta, Georgia. He ist trends plaguing the world espe- the clouds of papal censure that had was Associate Professor at Loyola th previously hung over him. cially since the 19 century, to high- University, Chicago, 1970-1996, and light the oneness of Christianity adjunct associate professor of The next to speak was Dr. William through the oneness of the mystical Psychiatry at Loyola University Sweet, Professor of Philosophy at manifestation, to accentuate the Medical School. A trustee of the St. Francis Xavier University in nativity of mysticism in the East and Eckhart Society, he is author of Nova Scotia, Canada, after earning its propagation in the West, and to Eckhart's Way and of a number of doctorates from the University of highlight the reciprocal integration articles and essays on Meister Ottowa, St. Paul's University and of faith and reason, heaven and Eckhart. the University of Paris, Sorbonne.

8 NNU SPIRIT the metaphysical ground that ele- vates these elements to pure ontology ("pure" as used here signifies ontological science that has not been infected with the pseudo-principle of identity.) Thus Rielo's genetic metaphysics, or science of the Absolute, must account for a Trinitarian conception of God or of the Absolute Subject, in contradis- tinction to the traditional philosoph-

Father Richard Woods, Dean Antoine Karam, Dr. Williams Sweet and Father Robert Badillo ical view of God understood, at best, as consisting in a monotheistic Recent books include Anti-founda- sonalist, Stein struggled with ques- unipersonalist absolute in terms of tionalism, Faith and Community, tions of empathy and intersubjectivity an identical conception of substance. Amsterdam, Rodopi Press 2003, and before arriving at what she eventually Further, what is implied in St. Science, Religion and Non-Science, called Kreutzwissenschaft, the Science of Teresa's conception of God and of Bangalore, Dharmaram Publications, the Cross, which involves "the mystery the human being is that it is possible 2003. Current research covers books of joy in suffering, of victory in failure, for God - the absolute, infinite and on Meaning and Truth in Religious of dying and rising with Christ." eternal - to be in relation with the Belief and Idealism in India and South Professor Sweet outlined Stein's human being - the relative, final and Africa. Professor Sweet's Edited temporal. Rielo, said Father Badillo, Collections include The Nature of intellectual and spiritual development, from her early studies with explains the nature of this relation Metaphysics, Kluwer, (forthcoming) within a genetic conception of the Philosophical Theory and the Universsal Husserl in Phenomenology to her later - and arguably mystical-writ- connection between God and crea- Declaration of Human Rights, tures without having recourse to the University of Ottawa Press, 2003, ings such as essays and poems written between 1931 and 1942, and later traditional philosophical concep- and The Philosophy of History: a tions of causality and the analogy of Reexamination, Ashgate Publishers, collected in various publications. In particular Professor Sweet focused being, while invalidating all forms of 2003. Recent articles include "Takiing absolute transcendentalism, static or Metaphysics Seriously", in The on the relation to Husserlian Phenomenology as well as describ- dynamic forms of pantheism, meta- Nature of Metaphysics, Kluwer (forth- physical dualisms and nihilisms. coming 2003) and "Intelligent ing in what way Stein might be Design, Science, and Religion in called a mystic. Father Badillo examined these various proposals which jointly make Philosophico-theological Reflections on The third speaker on Western plain Rielo's contribution to mysti- Science, ed. V. Manimala. Professor Mysticism was Father Robert cism, i.e. the elevation of Christian Sweet is presently Vice-President of Badillo, born in in New York City, mysticism to pure ontology, in three the Istituto Internazionale Jacques and in 1990 awarded a Ph.D. by The interrelated sections: first, Rielo's Maritain (Rome) and Secretary American University in Washing, metaphysics or the genetic concep- General of the World Union of D.C. for his dissertation on Jürgen tion of the Absolute Subject; second, Catholic Philosophical Societies, edi- Habermas. He has taught philoso- the genetic conoception of what is tor of Philosophy, Culture, and phy iin various universities in the not the Absolute Subject; and third, Traditions and associate editor of the United States including St. John's ontology or the genetic conception Journal of Dharma, to mention but a University, Fordham University, of the human person as homo mysti- few of his editorial activities. Villanova University and the cus. The paper ended with reflec- University of the District of tions on the implications of Rielo's Taking as his subject Edith Stein: Columbia. Currently he is teaching genetic model for ecumenical dis- From Empathy, Through Dialogue, to at Sacred Heart Philosophical course. "The Science of the Cross", Professor College in Aluva, Kerala, India. He Sweet pointed out that Edith Stein, has specialised in metaphysics, The first session then concluded in religion as a Carmelite nun Teresa philosophical anthropology and with points raised from the floor and Benedicta of the Cross, now Saint, ethics. His first book, entitled The a coffee break. was one of the most outstanding th Emancipative Theory of Jürgen Habermas Catholilc thinkers of the 20 centu- and Metaphysics (1991) was described Second Session: Eastern Mysticism I ry. Both her intellectual and her spir- by George F. McLean as "marking a itual itinerary were remarkable, but new beginning for philosophy." For this session Dr. Boulos Sarru' neither of these aspects of her life introduced the speakers, the first of can be understood without the Given the specifically Christian ele- whom should have been Monsignor other. From a secular Jew to a ments of St. Teresa's mysticism, George Khodr, Orthodox Catholic mystic, from a Husserlian Father Badillo sought to to indicate Archbishop of Mount Lebanon. phenomenologist to a Christian per- the manner in which Rielo provides However, as he had been called for

NNU SPIRIT 9 Doctor Boulos Sarru', Archbishop Chukrallah Harb, Bishop Nareg Alemezian, Father Boulos Wehbe of NDU did a fine job interpreting Doctor Ameen Rihani and Archbishop Cyril Bustros of Baalbek. from Arabic to English; at his side Doctor Mahmoud Ayoub. an urgent consultation by Patriarch But it was not the Divine Essence of the Christian's union with Christ Ignatius, his paper was read by Dr. itself as this could not be shared by and then he speaks of how the Ameen Rihani, NDU Vice a created being. So Palamas made a Christian is saved through Christ. President for Sponsored Research distinction between the Divine Next, he describes the three sacra- and Development. Essence, which could not be shared, ments of baptism, confirmation and and the divine energy which was Archbishop Khodr holds a degree the Eucharist as the doors by which from God, uncreated, but capable of Christ receives believers into his in law from St. Joseph's University, being shared. Men could receive Beirut, and in theology from the St. kingdom. Finally, Gregory shows this and be divinified truly and not how through the sacraments one Sergius Orthodox Institute of merely resemble God. In the 14th Theology in Paris. He has an hon- may lead the Christian life. From century this doctrine was officially love of Christ Christians may seize orary doctorate from the St. adopted by the Orthodox Church. Vladimir Institute of Orthodox the mind of Christ, desire what he Theology in New York. He has Monsignor Cyril Bustros, Greek desires, love what he loves and taught about Arab civilisation in the Catholic Archbishop of Baalbek, demand what he wants them to Lebanese University and given continued in the eastern tradition, demand. He insists on the grace courses on theology and on Islamic insisting during later discussion that the Christian life bestows on questions in the St. John that the Church he belonged to was us, on our membership in Christ, Damascene Theological Institute in an eastern one but in union with and on thinking about God and Balamand University. Apart from Rome, even accepting Palamas in its what he has done out of love for us. his pastoral appointments, he has calendar of saints.. In this spirit he Life in Christ means living like him, done notable work for the took as his subject Life in Christ being humble like him, and being Orthodox Youth Movement in the according to Nicholas Cabasilas (1290- merciful like him and compassion- Patriarchate of Antioch, and has 1371). He pointed out that the ate towards others. It means being published in English, French and Christian life was not merely faith pure of heart, striving to be like Arabic. Notably, he is head of the in certain dogmas but a life of union Christ, being prayerful, sharing in Theological Committee of the with the person of Christ, its source, his will and his freedom, and avoid- Middle East Council of Churches in which it found its completion ing sin. This life in Christ even on (which includes the Catholic, and joy. This was the theme of the this earth gives the fullness of joy Orthodox and Evangelical commu- book of Nicholas Cabasilas, Life in and leads to eternal bliss. nities.) Christ. The last speaker in the morning was The Archbishop's paper pointed out Cabasilas became a monk on Mount Bishop Nareg Alemezian, born in that, in the words of the Church Athos, where he wrote his works, Beirut in 1962. After graduating Fathers, God was made man that the most important being Life in from the Theological Seminary of man might be divinified. The ques- Christ. In this he shows how we the Armenian Catholicosate of tion was how God could live in man begin and how we advance in the Cilicia in Antelias in 1981, he was as He had promised. An answer to Christian life, what are the sources ordained a celibate priest and for a this question came from St. Gregory we rely on and how it works out in time carried out various duties at Palamas, Bishop of Salonika, in the practice. He bases the Christian life the Catholicosate. Between 1986 14th century, in answer to the on three sacraments, baptism, con- and 1991 he pursued higher studies philosopher Barlaam, coming from firmation and the Eucharist, which in theology in Vancouver, Canada, the West, who denied that monks unite the Christian with Christ and and then served in two parishes in could have seen the Divine Light. enable him to follow the example of North America. Since 1997 he has Saint Gregory affirmed that the Christ. been Ecumenical Officer for the Catholicosate, being consecrated light which had surrounded Christ Cabasilas develops his thought in bishop in 2002. He has contributed on Mount Tabor was uncreated and four basic steps. First, he defines the extensively to periodicals and writ- was grace itself, coming from God. Christian life from the point of view

10 NNU SPIRIT ten multi-lingual volumes on the Armenian Church. Currently, he is preparing his Doctorate in Ministry at the Vancouver School of Theology. For the conference he presented a paper on St. Gregory of Nareg (951-1003) and his Spirituality of Healing, with special reference to his prayer n° 18. In this year 2003, the Armenian Orthodox Church is celebrating the millenary of Naregatsi, the genuine representative of Armenian mysticism. Bishop Nareg Alemezian said he found the Archbishop Harb, Father Elias Hanna, Doctor Basil Aggoula and Doctor Sarru'. ecumenical atmosphere of the present conference an appropriate Generations and Intercessor for the the Holy Spirit, Kaslik. He has also occasion for a tribute to this great Suffering, published in Arabic, carried on work in the French saint, the initiator of a religious cul- French, English, Italian and Middle East Archæological Institute ture and a historic figure of philo- Spanish, Saint Rafqa, Her Life and in Beirut and studied in the Higher sophical, theological, literary and Events, and similar works. Faculty of Letters. He has been a æsthetic significance. Bishop Father Hanna took as his subject visiting professor in a number of Alemezian dealt with the character- Modern Maronite Syriac universities. He was Director in the istics of the lifetime of St. Nareg Monasticism, starting with the pro- National Scientific Research (political stability and renaissance), found modifications that came in Institute in France attached to the his biography and his literary 1695 after a thousand years of Collège de France. He teaches achievements, and dominant fea- Antiochean tradition. They implied Comparative Semitic Literature in tures of his literary legacy, with a change from individualism and St. Joseph's University. special emphasis on his Book of remoteness from the world to a Lamentations, covering divine inspi- more collective and institutional Dr. Aggoula took as his subject ration and praise, deification, uni- existence. Apart from Holy Afrahat the Persian Doctor and the versalism, humanism and drama, Scripture there were three Eastern Earliest Syriac Monastic Writing. the beauty of nature and human influences, namely the Egyptian interaction with it, the tragedy of He explained that the twenty-three eremitic model, the more mission- texts written by the learned Afrahat sin and the mystery of salvation, ary Syriac model and Cappadocean and prayer and dialogue with God. in the first half of the 4th century monasticism. In 1732 confirmation after Christ are definitely the oldest The speaker concluded with an came from Rome for rules reflecting exegetical exposition of Prayer 18 in Syriac Christian writings. His doc- these influences for the three trine and instructions for monks are the Book of Lamentations. Maronite orders, the Lebanese (for- the oldest Christian testimony of merly Baladite), the Miriamite (for- the eremitic life in the Syriac-speak- Third Session: Eastern Mysticism II merly Aleppine) and the Anthonine. The pioneers of the ing lands. But they have suffered new movement, in particular undeserved neglect except for the For the afternoon session, Dr. Bishop Abdallah Karaali, tried to serious research by John Barizzo, Doumit Salameh presented Father insert this threefold Eastern tradi- who published the entire Syriac Elias Hanna, a Lebanese Maronite tion into a Western mould, inspired text, comparing between all the monk with a doctorate in religious more particularly by the Jesuits. documents to be found in his time history and relations from the Paris Three personalities stand out as and translating the Syriac into IV - Sorbonne - University. Now he fruits of this reformed oriental Latin. The writings of Afrahat were is a university instructor and does monasticism, namely Saints Sharbel fundamental for monasticism in the research in Church history and and Rafqa and Blessed Syriac East. spirituality. On these subjects he Naamatallah Hardini. has frequently lectured and written learned articles. He is an instructor Father Hanna was followed by Dr. To end the Conference, a tribute to in Church History and Patrology in Basile Aggoula of Mosul in Iraq. the speakers came from Dr. Joseph the two universities of the Holy He studied philosophy and theolo- Yacoub, who insisted on the silence Spirit, Kaslik, and the Antonine in gy in the Institute of St. John the emanating from the lives of the Baabda, as well as being Director of Beloved under the direction of the great mystics expressed in humility, the Shekka (North Lebanon) cam- Dominican Fathers in his home city love and simplicity arising from a pus of the Holy Spirit University and earned a doctorate in Semitic feeling of awe of God. He showed and member of the Patriarch Languages from Lyon in France. that the simplicity of educated and Estefan Dweihy Institute. He is He then studied archæology in the uneducated mystics alike was not author of a number of books, Lebanese University and the uni- far removed from our everyday including Saint Rafqa, teacher of versities of St. Joseph, Beirut, and simple acts. N

NNU SPIRIT 11 CONNECTION THE ANTI-DRUG WAR

From May 26 to May 30 this year, the NDU Connection Society campaigned against the use of drugs, under the patronage of the Minister Subsequently, various NDU student of the Interior H.E. Elias El-Murr and clubs organised events to help students to resist addiction to tobacco, with the cooperation of the Umm El- drug dealers, while showing a cer- such as offering one ice cream in Nour Association. The meeting of the tain compassion for the sick addicts. exchange for two cigarettes. There first day opened with that great and Mr, Riachi made clear that addicts was a music festival with songs beloved Lebanese singer, Wadih Al- could leave the prison if they agreed whose words were directed against Safi, giving a touching rendering of to follow a course of treatment. the use of drugs and the week ended Lubnan, ya qutaat sama'. Among his However, it remained to be pointed with a conference entitled Drugs - charmed audience were NDU out that while there was progress in Reasons, Manifestations and Treatment. President Father Boutros Tarabay, the law, there was still no means of Director of Public Relations Mr. The last session of the conference applying it, and the Higher Suheil Matar, the actor Rafaat was held in the presence of the Ministerial Committee for combat- Tarabay and former Miss Lebanon Governor (Mohafez) of Beirut ing drugs, to be presided by the Joëlle Behloc, as well as Faculty Yacoub Sarraf, representing the Prime Minister and provided for by members, staff and students. Minister of the Interior. Mgr. Guy the legal texts, had still to be set up. Afterwards, Mr. Rafaat Tarabay Njeim, President of Umm El-Nour, The conference then dealt with the urged students to be aware of their and Father Boutros Tarabay. As social aspects of drug trafficking and responsibilities. Father Roger Chikri drugs present important security addiction. The declarations of spe- spoke of the attitude of the Church, and juridical problems, Mr. Melhem cialists were supported by the coura- details about which may be found in Riachi, in charge of communication geous personal witness of a former his article on another page. Father at the Interior Ministry, brought up a addict, rehabilitated by Umm El- Boutros Tarabay finally presented project of the Minister for a preven- Nour, who showed just how arduous Mr. Wadih Al-Safi with an NDU tive prison for drug addicts, which the return to normality was. A mem- shield to express the general some prefer to call a preventive cen- ber of Umm El-Nour and education appreciation of his devotion to tre. Mr. Sarraf for his part insisted specialist, Mr. Nady Sfeir, declared that there was a need to associate Lebanon. that security action sought to punish

12 NNU SPIRIT with young people as well as with parents, teachers, the media, etc.. If an appropriate movement were to be formed among the young, these young people could have a positive influence instead of a negative one on others. As for the psychological influences, Dr. Marie Khoury, psychologist and advisor and instructor at NDU, bold- ly affirmed that not all the blame helping an addict. She stressed the The folders shown with this report was to be put on broken families as difficulties in the way of the ex- are available from NDU. N 47% of addicts arriving at Umm El- addict's return to society, while Nour came from families that were pointing to the important role here united. She blamed erroneous ideas of certain institutions, particularly of education and various social fac- the universities. tors causing discouragement among the young. Ms. Betty Hindi described her own personal experience helping an Moussa Khoury, president of the NDU Student Cabinet, stressed the addict to reform, experience which concern of the Cabinet with the led to the formation of a group of threat to the youth of the country. friends in NDU concerned about the influence and spread of drug addic- Guilène Boustany Abou Akl, psy- tion in Lebanese society. chologist, psychoanalyst and Umm El-Nour member, indicated symp- Finally, Zeina Ghossoub Assouad, toms which, taken together, might dietician, described the effects of help recognise addiction in a family drugs on general health, particularly member or friend and also means of through severe loss of appetite.

DR. HODA MAALOUF Fulbright for AND THE former NDU Student The Mechanical GREEK CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION Engineering Department has the pleasure of announcing that its gradu- Recently Dr. Hoda Maalouf, ate student Mr. Charbel Chairperson of the Computer Antonios, at present Science Department in the attending AUB for a master NDU Faculty of Natural and degree in Mechanical Applied Sciences, joined the Engineering, has been Greek Catholic Association and awarded a Fulbright on February 25, 2003 was Scholarship to study active appointed head of its vibration control using Committee for Academic smart matierials at Virginia Affairs. The accompanying Technical University, photograph shows her with Blacksburg, Va., USA. His Beatitude Gregorios III Information kindly sup- Lahham, Melkite Patriarch of plied by Doctor Walid C. Antioch. N Assaf, Chair, Mechanical Engineering.

NNU SPIRIT 13 MARONITE REQUIEM BY ABBOT EID

celebrate the tenth Easter since its foundation, To on April 12th the NDU Choir performed the Maronite Requiem of Abbot François Eid MMO, conduct- ed by Fr. Khalil Rahmeh MMO. The performance took place in the church of the Jesuit Fathers, St. Joseph's, in Beirut.

The Requiem is a prayer for the repose of the souls of the departed. From its early days the Latin Church had a complete text for the Requiem Mass, and in due course this was set to music by a number of famous composers outside the clergy. However in the Maronite rite there has so far been no similar complete text, although there are many prayers for the dead. For this reason, Fr. François Eid, who is now Superior Abbot François Eid with Archimandrite Boulos Nazha of the Shweirite Order and Father Elias Kmeid. General of the Miriamite Maronite Order, resolved to bring together these particular prayers under the title of The Maronite Requiem Mass, in particular those in the book of Bishop Yusuf Darian, himself from the Miriamite Order. He completed this task in a single night, the eve of Christmas 1970, describing it as his offering to God in words and music. In the Maronite rite this Mass is new of its kind. No western work resembles it and it does not conform to western rules of composition; it takes into consideration the Maronite melody so as not to affect the familiar Maronite spirituality. The work is complete in every aspect, particularly the technical one. The musical distribution was confided to Benoît Arbain of France, giving a touch of western orchestration to the oriental melodies and Miss Aida Tomb, soloist. instruments, with a special role being given to the eastern qanoun. The performance in the church of the Jesuit Fathers took place before an audience of eminent members of the clergy, political personalities and intellectuals. The choir was supported by twenty-three musicians. The soloists were Miss Aida Tomb and Mr. Salem Tamer. It should be noted here that a recording on CD is under preparation. The University Choir and its conductor want to express their particular esteem and affection for Father General François Eid, who took the Choir in the University under his wing. (Information kindly supplied by Charbel Abi Rached - Father Khalil Rahmeh conducts choir and orchestra. Ed.) N

14 NNU SPIRIT MILLENNIAL 2002 LECTURE SERIES 2003

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES

This year's theme: Cultural Vistas and the 21st Century - Paradoxes and Challenges

DR. HABIB C. MALIK ON KIERKEGAAD

When not travelling to conduct Foundation (a non-profit organisa- the great 19th century Danish basic research, Habib C. Malik tion), he is overseeing the collec- philosopher Soren Kierkegaad. teaches History and Cultural tion, editing and publication of his Revealing an impressive breadth Studies at the Lebanese American late father's massive intellectual and and depth of learning and scholar- University, Byblos Branch. He has diplomatic legacy. He recently pub- ship, Dr. Malik went on to answer a also taught at the Off-Campus lished a volume entitled The wide range of questions concerning Program of the American Challenge of Human Rights: Charles the nature of truth, history and cul- University of Beirut, the Lebanese Malik and the Universal Declaration, ture. Not a few of these referred to University and the Catholic which appeared with I.B. Tauris in the need to publish a definitive University of America, Washington London through the Centre for book on the writings of his late D.C.. He received his doctorate Lebanese Studies in Oxford. He is father, Charles Malik, who played a from Harvard University in 1985, currently editing his father's writ- leading role in drawing up the U.N. after taking as his research subject ings on America and the papers Declaration of Human Rights and Modern European Intellectual relating to the idea of the interna- was one-time President of the U.N. History. In 1983 he was offered a tionalisation of Jerusalem proposed General Assembly. Dr. Malik research and travel grant which by Charles Malik at the United answered by connecting these allowed him to spend time in Nations in the late 1940s. enquiries to the theme of his lec- Denmark, Germany and Austria ture, the history of ideas, and point- In the framework of the NDU researching his dissertation. He has ed out that his father had been Millennial Lecture Series, on March published two major books, responsible for introducing the idea 27, 2003 Dr. Malik gave a talk enti- Receiving Soren Kierkegaad: The Early of Civilisation Studies to Lebanon tled Musings on the History of Ideas Impact and Transmission of his during his early days at the AUB. with References to the Early Reception Thought and Between Damascus and of Kierkegaad's Thought. He began by Jerusalem: Lebanon and Middle East DR. NICOLAS ZIADEH ON reflecting on the meaning and the Peace, now running into its second possibility of a "history of ideas", THE SEVENTH DOOR printing. He has written numerous stressing the all-important point articles on Christians of the Middle On April 30, 2003, Dr. Nicolas that ideas have consequences. In this East, political Islam and human Ziadeh gave a talk entitled The connection, Dr. Malik examined the rights, which appeared in such pub- Seventh Door. Presiding the occa- role of the reception historian, con- lications as First Things, The Middle sion were NDU President Father cerning which he insisted on the East Quarterly and Global Affairs. In Boutros Tarabay, Public Relations importance of receiving a thinker's 1995 and 1996 he was a visiting fel- Director Mr. Suheil Matar, Dean of ideas - a task just as monumental low at the Washington Institute for Humanities Dr. Boulos Sarru', and and important perhaps as the ideas Near East Policy, a leading Chair of Social and Behavioral themselves. His reference through- Washington think-tank. As presi- Studies Dr. Doumit Salameh. out was the early reception of the dent of the Charles Malik religious and philosophical ideas of Dr. Ziadeh delivered his talk with

NNU SPIRIT 15 Doctor Mahmoud Ayoub with Doctor Doumit Salameh, Chair of Social and Behavioral Sciences. clarity and vigour, profiting from became the pawn of whoever wanted Dar al-Islam, or the abode or long observation as he was born in ed power. sphere of Islam. This concept of the the year 1907. He spoke of the prob- Ummah had traditionally defined lems of the Arab peoples, of their DR. MAHMOUD AYOUB its relationship with the rest of the oppression, exploitation and humil- world. iation, insisting on the role here of ON THE UMMAH the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the On May 29, 2003, the Series intro- Since the end of the 19th century, Balfour Promise. In their political duced another distinguished schol- explained Dr. Ayoub, the Muslim evolution the Arabs had been ar of international reputation, Dr. Ummah had been politically and haunted by feelings of betrayal, Mahmoud Ayoub, Professor at geographically divided into a large treachery and conspiration against Temple University, USA, and the them. Opening a book of history at number of nation states, usually only non-Christian to have had an with a parliament and a secular random he had once chanced upon article published in the high-profile page 1 of chapter 7, dealing with constitution. Nevertheless, reli- learned Catholic multi-lingual giously the Muslim community 1907, the year of his own birth. review Communio. He is mentioned From then on, two events influ- remained one ummah muslimah. at the beginning of our report on Thus understood, this ummah was enced the future of the region: there the conference on Christian responsible to God on the Day of was the Sykes-Picot Agreement and Mysticism. in 1921 the crowning of Prince Judgment, and thus had to abide by Faisal as King of Iraq thanks to the Dr. Ayoub explained that the term a well-defined set of norms of con- British, whose interests in the ummah had a number of lexical, reli- duct. region were represented by Anglo- gious and political meanings. Iranian Oil and then the Iraq Basically, however, the term signi- The political transformation of the Petroleum Company (IPC). A fied an organic entity or social one Muslim ummah into many throne was made for the new organisation. In this regard, ummah nation states raised many questions monarch out of the only wood was conceptually and religiously for all Muslims in the modern available and it was noticed by an akin to the Christian Church. world. These questions centered on American journalist that King Faisal The Qur'an used the term ummah to the necessity for the Ummah to sat on a throne upon which the become an ummah not against the words Anglo-Iranian Oil were clear- mean a period of time, an estab- world but an ummah in the world. ly stencilled. No doubt petroleum lished custom or practice, or a single This required important reformula- still underlay the regimes and the important personality. Thus tions of traditional fiqh or jurispru- politics of the Middle East. Abraham was called ummah wahida. In common usage, the word meant dence and a new theology of jihad, Dr. Ziadeh pointed out that during a group of people, be it small or among other things. Dr. Ayoub was the years of British and French colo- large. Religiously, the totality of of the firm belief that the Qu'ran nialism, Arab resistance appealed to Muslims in the world was an and early prophetic tradition could nationalism and to unity. But once ummah muslimah. Politically-juristi- provide the basis and framework the enemy was gone, nationalism cally, the Muslim Ummah constitut- for such changes. N

16 NNU SPIRIT SHOUF CAMPUS NEWS

After presentation by Dr. Assaad Eid and Mr. Suheil Matar, Deputy Bahia Hariri addresses the forum. DEPUTY BAHIA AL HARIRI, CAMPUS GUEST

Distiniguished guests together honour Shouf Campus - Deputies Bahia Hariri, Nabil Al-Boustani and Georges Deeb Nehme and Mayor Dory Chamoun with Dr. Assaad Eid and Mr. Suheil Matar.

On March 5th, 2003, the and the mayor of the municipality of cussions of the war on Iraq and the Chairperson of the Parliamentary Deir El-Qamar, Mr. Dory Chamoun. re-mapping of the region. She insist- Committee on Education, Deputy ed on the need "not to let details After the opening address by Dr. Bahia Al Hariri, was guest of the deter us from the more pressing Assaad Eid, Director of the Shouf NDU Shouf Campus for an open issues of the world. Everyone is Campus, and Mr. Suheil Matar, forum with staff and students. Director of NDU Public Relations against the war and His Holiness the Other important participants and Advisor to the NDU President, Pope is praying for peace." included deputies Nabil Al the floor was given to Deputy Bahia Furthermore, she considered that Boustani and Georges Deeb Nehme Hariri, who spoke about the reper- truly harmonious life together was

NNU SPIRIT 17 the only way of abolishing political ticipation of Amir Yazbek, Moueen Complete Problems", in Proceedings sectarianism. Shreif and Sonia and Sami Al of the 18th International Conference on Ayyoubi. Computers and their Applications In another connection, Deputy (CATA-2003), March 26-28, Hariri refuted the rumour circulat- In the evening there was a tradition- Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 214-218. ing that Lebanon is an insecure al Lebanese menu of mankousheh, country; pointing to the spread of tabbouleh and fattoush and then Conference committees stability, the liberation of the South everybody danced into the wee (excluding the Sheb'a Farms), and hours of the night. (There seems to Dr. Chedid is on the program com- the redeployment of the Syrian be no more need to put these words mittee of four international confer- Army according to the Taef for Lebanese food in italics despite ences scheduled in the USA for 2003. Agreement. the red lines marked under them by our computer; according to the BBC Member of the Program Committee, On the issue of the shooting up of the word tabbouleh is already enter- th new universities, Deputy Hariri said The 16 International Conference ing English dictionaries, following that the documentation of all these on Computer Applications in the spread of Lebanese restaurants universities was incomplete and Industry and Engineering (CAINE in the West! -Ed.) that they therefore had no legitima- 2003), November 11-13, Las Vegas, Nevada. cy. She also highlighted the impor- ACADEMIC ITEM tance of the equivalence of the uni- Member of the International versity diplomas, including those Dr. Fouad Chedid, Chairman of Program Committee, the 2003 given by such universities as the Science and Engineering Programs, International Conference on Parallel American University of Beirut and Shouf Campus, has sent us the fol- and Distributed Processing St. Joseph's. Both parents and stu- lowing information about his activi- Techniques and Applications dents were responsible for satisfying ties. (PDPTA'03), June 23-26, 2003, Las themselves about the legitimate Vegas, Nevada. standing of any university before Recently published papers Member of the International enrolment. Program Committee, The 2003 "On Generalization in a Spatio- International Conference on FOUNDER'S DAY Temporal Setting", in Proceedings of th Information and Knowledge On May 8, 2003, the Shouf Campus the GIS Research UK: 11 Annual Engineering (IKE'03), June 23-26, celebrated Founder's Day. Crowds Conference (GISRUK 2003), City 2003, Las Vegas, Nevada. came to celebrate with the students, University, London, April 9th-11th, with individuals comings from all 2003, pp. 171-174. Member of the Program Committee, th over Lebanon, making it a day to the 19 International Conference on "The Bidding Method: A General remember. There was an exhibition Computers and their Applications Distributed Method for Designing of paintings by the students, and the (CATA - 2004), March 18-20, 2004, Approximation Algorithms for NP- occasion was enlivened by the par- Seattle, Washington. N

Founder’s Day - Games during the day- -and dancing into the night.

18 NNU SPIRIT FOUNDER'S DAY UP NORTH

Students at North Campus, Barsa, celebrated Founder's Day, Friday May 9th, for the second year running with gusto. The Student Cabinet and the Clubs organised the activities, backed by the sponsorship of Red Bull and Strike FM. Free passes were distributed to The glorious scenery of North Lebanon provides a superb background for all of Barsa's open-air activities. students from neighbouring schools. The Sports Club organized games, tournaments and competitions. NORTH

There were ten stands and artists Nadi Chamali, Hassan Hachem, George Al Rassi, Haytham Attieh, and Omar Amoun enlivened the evening with their musical talents.

Red Bull was generous with sponsorship.

Warming up to the music. Artist George Al Rassi adds to the joy of the evening.

NNU SPIRIT 19 On Tuesday and Wednesday, 27th and 28 May, 2003, the NDU Placement Office under the direction of Mrs. Grace Khalil held its third annual NDU Job Fair, with the cooperation of some twenty commercial and financial houses. It took place under the patronage of the Minister of Education and Higher Education H.E. Minister Samir Al-Jisr, represented at the opening ceremony by the Director General of Education George Nehme. With him at the ceremony were NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay, NDU Public Relations Director Mr. Suheil Matar, Mrs. Grace Khalil and representatives of the various companies participating. The Fair was visited by crowds of students desirous to know the opportunities offered them by the labour market and the appropriate specialisations. NDU JOB FAIR In his introductory speech, Mr. Suheil Matar spoke of the difficulties facing students wishing to enter the labour market and of the confusion caused by the opening of new universities, bringing the number in Lebanon up to 42. Mrs. Grace Khalil spoke of her own experience, which had led her to feel strong sympathy for graduating students in this matter. Father Boutros Tarabay in his speech insisted on the role of the capitalist, as it was through him that the University could contribute to building the future of the country. The University's own capital was its students who, while they had to be educated and cultured leaders, had also to be able to work for Lebanon. Director General Mr. Georges Nehme pointed out that for a small country of limited possibilities like Lebanon, emigration was nothing new, but this diminished or increased accorded to the possibilities of employment at home. He added that danger lay not merely in the excessive number of universities but also in the kind of formation they offered. There had to be cooperation between the government, the universities and the institutions offering work and a study of the opportunities for employment to be found in the Arab countries. A booklet can be obtained from the Placement Office containing useful information particularly about those participating in the Fair and kindly offering their service. They include the following: Alfred & Jacques Matta - Soft Flow - BMB - MDS - IDM - ACT - CBM - Commercial Insurance - Caporal & Moretti - Libano-Suisse - ProActive - BSO - Prestige - Head Hunter - SNA - Indevco - Standard Chartered - Banque Audi - Byblos Bank - Microsoft - SETS - and last but not least! NDU Our illustrations are taken from the Job Fair booklet. N

20 NNU SPIRIT NDU AND ENVIRONMENT

On June 12, 2003, in cooperation with the Lebanese Association for Protection of the Environment, NDU organised a conference of specialists on the subject of the Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development and the Environment. This was done with the presence of NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay, very active in this field, and Doctor Barjees Gemayel, Advisor to the Ministries of Information and of the Environment. NDU Public Relations Director Mr. Suheil Matar opened proceedings with a few words of welcome to guests, Faculty members, staff From left to right: Mr. Malek Ghandour, Doctor Antoine Karam, Doctor Berge Hadjian, Doctor George Abou Jaoudeh, and students. Doctor George Abou Ms. Dina Khatib and Mr. Suheil Matar. Jaoudeh, President of the Association and Coordinator, spoke of the earlier Rio de Janeiro Summit, which had brought up the principle of sustainable development as IAA "CREATIVITY" the principal way to a better future for humanity and produced the "21 Calendar". Now there had been the Johannesburg Summit, concerned with what had since WORKSHOP been achieved and with the priorities and realisations necessary for the future at Accepting an invitation from the IAA creative person should be interested every level. Dr. Abou Jaoudeh then turned Advertising Club of NDU, on March 19, in every topic, ranging from science to to the raising of public awareness in 2003 Mr. Philip Skaff, Creative Director Lebanon. water, including religion, sociology, at Gray International, gave a presenta- psychology and languages. The Director General of the Ministry of the tion on the role of creativity, the impor- Environment, Doctor Berge Hadjian, dealt tance of the creative team and the He is a part of his society and the chal- with the recommendations of Rio de method of its application in the lenge facing him consists of express- Lebanese Market. He was introduced by Janeiro, pointing out that Lebanon was a ing that society's point of view and signatory to Rio and to the two UN agree- Mr. Kamal Darouni, the Club's advisor. being able to communicate with the ments concerning biological diversity and His audience included Dr. Khaled Fakih, climatic change. He then spoke of the mea- Chairman of the Department of Mass mass audience. Experience is a major sures for cooperation between various Communications, Dr. Joseph Ajami, key to his success. The job is a very organisations being taken in Lebanon and Instructor and Advisor, Mr. Kamal demanding one, requiring great per- insisted on the need for the formation of Zakhour, Instructor, and a large crowd the Higher Committee for the sonal psychological and physical of students who joined in the many dis- Environment on the basis of Article 6 of the investment, knowledge and wealth of cussions. Law for Protection of the Environment, ideas. Thinking in a creative way 444/2002. Mr. Skaff stressed that creativity is not requires a certain procedure and a an innate skill but one which is devel- methodology to give a specific tone Ms. Dina Khatib, of the Section for the UN oped through practice and experi- to the ad and to create both attention Program of the Environment, spoke about ence. Creativity is developed through and retention. "This kind of job is a the role of the Program for Development in education, tendencies, skills, flexibility following up the recommendations of and fertility of ideas and is about atti- delicate art, being very subtle," Johannesburg as they applied to Lebanon. tude, dedication and passion. declared Mr. Skaff.

Doctor Antoine Karam, Dean of the The creative team should focus not He finally presented certain recom- Faculty of Business Administration and only on the creative part of an ad, but mendations for future creators, saying Economics, insisted on a proper under- should consider the brief on the basis that the Lebanese market needed a of which the marketing study is fully standing of sustainable development and new generation, for the Arab markets the new economy and also on the role of developed. This is why the creative were becoming mature and it was the University. person has great responsibility for being able to send the exact message about time that members of his audi- The Secretary of the Association, Mr. required to the audience. He is not ence should take the lead. Malek Ghandour, spoke of the decision independent of the other depart- Information kindly supplied by Zeina reached in Beirut in June, 2003 concerning ments, which are directly linked to the NGOs involved in the question of sus- every activity, so marketing and cre- Sarrouf, Secretary, IAA Advertising tainable development, calling for coopera- ativity should strike a balance. The Club. N tion between all the Arab countries. N

NNU SPIRIT 21 If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe. Carl Sagan

PHOTOGRAPHY Victory goes to the player who makes the next-to-last mistake. Chessmaster Savielly Grigorievitch On Monday, April 14, 2003, there was a lecture at NDU organised & Tartakower (1887- by the Faculty of Architecture, 1956) Art and Design about Imagography, Conceptual Visual Systems. The lecture was given by Mr. Naji Zahar, a visual artist and photographer, with a master degree in economics, based in London. He spoke about his projects, focusing on idealised fig- ures, signs and letters, the purpose being to reach the imago of each person via signs. An exhibition of Mr. Zahar's pho- tographic work remained open in FAAD's Mood Gallery at NDU from April 29th to May 4th. This was entitled Totipotentiality, which the artist explained by a scientific particularity experi- mented by him of cells capable of developing into an entire organ- ism. This phenomenon "consti- tutes for the artist a violent explo- sion in order to come to life." An example of Mr. Zahar's work, posing questions for some, repre- sents a transparent raincoat hung on a white wooden door, inside of which is a large rose-coloured ball. This is shown here with other works. Through common, everyday objects and materials, Naji Zahar aims to give pure objective vision, at once bare, fragile and modern. N

22 NNU SPIRIT FAAD IN ROTTERDAM

A panel with illustrations FAAD-NDU students surrounding their Dean, Doctor Nadim Karam. of the Lebanese coastal highway.

leven countries were selected to Biennial program. The second main location was Las Palmas, where the E participate in the First Mob-Lab exhibition took place. International Architectural Biennale The First Architectural Biennial was entitled WORLD AVENUE, NEW th Rotterdam, Netherlands, on May 7 . PATHS TO MOBILITY. Lebanon was one of the countries that were represented by prestigious The context of the World Avenue research project is the changing theoretical universities, its representative being debate surrounding mobility. Mobility forms part of a changing view of both Notre Dame University through its the physical components as well as the social processes of the developed Faculty of Architecture, Art and environment. Design. The subject of mobility challenges urban designers and architects to sharpen The participating universities were their tools and to formulate the assignment for the future of the city and the University Wuppertal, landscape in a new, interdisciplinary manner. Technological University Aachen, The question 'What is infrastructure today?' is accompanied by questions Technical University Berlin, such as 'What is an urban project? What are the most important factors to be University of California, Tec de taken into account with the integration of infrastructure? What are the tech- Monterrey Mexico, Ain Shams niques?' Architects and urban designers no longer stand alone, but work in University Cairo, University of interdisciplinary teams on increasingly complex technical programmatic Tokyo, Hong Kong University, problems of the urban project and, moreover, they work together with vari- University of Beijing, Technical University Budapest, Bandung ous parties on the decision-making process. Do we have suitable instruments Institute of Technology, Delft for this task? And if not, can we describe what these are? University of Technology TU Delft, This research into the present space for mobility addresses these questions Co-ordination international research with the aid of an international and interdisciplinary analysis. team. For approximately one year nine research teams from eleven universities We were twenty-three students and have worked on this project. Each team examined the various questions that faculty members from NDU who mobility raises, according to local circumstances. The objective was to exam- traveled to Rotterdam. We had ine the idea of mobility in a broader geographic and theoretical context than places reserved in Home Hotel, the standard approach adopted by most architecture study programs. Each which served as a home residence. The hotel is five minutes' walk from research team selected one area and on the basis of this examined the content Netherland Architecture Institute and context of mobility. At the same time, the original research question into (NAI), which was one of the two the way in which mobility shapes urban culture, and the present and future main locations related to the role of architecture in this context, created in turn other questions ensuing from the specific circumstances of each study.

NNU SPIRIT 23 The participating universities drew up teams of researchers and designers, each responsible for examin- ing and portraying a viable mobility route, on an aver- age one hundred kilometers long, according to a fixed research format. City Reports is an introduction in sound and vision to the areas and cities featured in the World Avenue exhibition at the NAI. Visual and sound material assembled by local research teams was presented in a variety of ways at the First International Architecture Biennial Rotterdam. Take your seat in one of the cars and experience the atmosphere of your chosen destination. Gaze through the windscreen at images of the city and country, accompanied only by the one sound of the local The typical Lebanese car, the dear old Mercedes after receiving some special treatment! radio station. The car is intimate theater, complete with maps full of information and accessories reinforcing the atmosphere. Experience how local people make their way through the city by car, by bicycle, on foot and in public transport. Feel for a moment like the citizen of a distant metropolis. At the NAI the ground floor was reserved for the nine prestigious participating universities to install their models prepared by students on the periphery of the hall. The center was reserved for nine circular platforms, on each of which a car much used in the different countries was parked. In front of each car was placed a screen showing scenery from the highway defining the local culture of the country. Sitting in the car, one was aware of the sound of the radio, the stickers on the car, and the fetishes within and when one was looking from the win- Robert Hawat presents his Mob-Lab project, for which he was partnered by Tamara El Youssef. dow at the cinema screen, the smell of the furniture gave a sense of really being on the road. It was great to know that the Ambassador of Lebanon, His Excellency American University of Beirut also participated, repre- Mr. Michel Khoury, who became the driver with our- sented by a graphic design class. selves as passengers, was impressed by the arrange- Different lectures were programmed in parallel to the ment. exhibition. Lectures took place in different places in For Lebanon the car was a Mercedes. The NDU model, Rotterdam city. Some took place in NAI, others in Las which had already been presented in Planet La Decouvert, Palmas, or museums, or cathedrals. The lecturers were was competing on a par with the models of other universi- given by personalities well known as international ties. architects. Dr. Nadim Karam, our Dean, gave a lecture in Las Palmas about Migration. Mob-Lab Attending these lectures was interesting from different points of view. First the experience of moving from one In relation to the Netherlands Architecture Institute, lecture place to another in the city provided us with a where the exhibitions focused mainly on the studies car- genuine understanding from the urban point of view of ried out by universities, the Mob-Lab represented the how a European city is fabricated. More than by the share in the practice of the thinking about mobility. The urban fabric we were amazed by the types and stan- open Biennale is a selection of works submitted by inde- dards of architecture employed. We experienced a new pendent architects, urban designers, planners, design- sense of place, different from the oriental one. ers, artists, photographers, filmmakers and graduate This experience widened and sharpened our "architec- students. tural sense", which we analyzed with help from books Robert Hawat and Tamara El Youssef, senior architec- and articles. We perceived famous buildings, that we ture students presented a project. Partricia Barakat had previously seen only in illustrations. Asmar and Grace Raidi, graphic design master students Description kindly supplied by Mr. Chady Bteich. N presented their projects and as a NDU part-time instructor Fadi Sarridine also presented his own. The

24 NNU SPIRIT THE SOUND OF MUSIC IN ISTANBUL

Between 10th and 12th June, 2003, a conference was held in the Turkish city of Istanbul bringing together insti- tutes of music from all over the Arab World. There were directors, deans of faculties and various representatives from Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, Tunis, the United Arab Emirates and also the USA. Two delegates came from the School of Music and Musical Education of Goteborg University in Sweden as well as the President of the World Music Council Doctor Kafah Fakhoury and the Lady Secretary of the Mediterranean Institute for Cultural Exchange ECUME. The event was financed by Goteborg University in cooperation with the Palestine College of Music in Ramallah. The Conference dealt with programmes in schools of music and means of integrating them into university studies. NDU was represented by the Reverend Professor Father Elie Kisriwani, who addressed the Conference on the pioneering programme distinguishing the University and specialising in the science of Arab music. This was the first of its kind according to Ratiba Al-Hafni, Lady President of the Arab Music Council of the Arab States University. This specialisation deals with music and the media, "Musimedialogy". Participants at the Conference showed surprise and keen interest and proposed exchanges of students and specialists with NDU in order to take advantage of this new branch of musical studies. Next year the Damascus Conservatory will host the Conference and the Sfax Conservatory in Tunis in the year following. N

NNU SPIRIT 25 NDU SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS FALL SEMESTER ACTIVITIES

Information kindly supplied by Tony Abboud

Despite the small number of its members, the society has been very active during the first semester of its existence. Its main objective is to introduce students to a group life and to active participation in professional events. As for its activities, these have included group presentations, field trips and leisure outings.

Presentations

6 June, 2002. Subject: Water Issues in the ESCWA Region. Speaker: Mr. Enjoying the snows of Faraya. Hasan Charif (ESCWA). Mr. Charif Ground Improvement. Speaker: tures to illustrate two particular spoke about water availability Mr. Wolfram Groh (BAUER cases, namely the Galician coast dis- around the world and in the region, Group). Mr. Groh presented the aster in Spain and the Chekka spill giving statistics about the amounts methods developed and used by his in Lebanon. He presented a new of water used and previsions for the Group in the different fields of tech- product, Recoverit, for advanced future. He described the role of nical engineering, including piling, treatment of oil spills. When ESCWA in the area and the projects nailing, anchoring and diaphragm sprayed over a contaminated area, and studies produced for the Arab wall techniques for slope retain- this product absorbs oil, separating world, and finally the principles pro- ment, grouting, dynamic comit from water, and can be used sev- moted by the organisation for the paction and vibro-compaction tech- eral times after oil collection. proper sustainable use of resources. niques for ground improvement, 14 June, 2002. Subject: Using bored piles, micro-piles, and driven 6 March, 2003. Subject: Traffic Construction Chemicals in Civil pile techniques for deep founda- Management in the Greater Beirut Engineering Applications. Speaker: tions. Area. Speaker: Mr. Tammam Mr. Romanos Romanos (SIKA 23 January, 2002. Subject: Oil Spill Nakkash (Beirut International). Mr. Group). Mr. Romanos presented the Clean-up Techniques - Case Study: Nakkash discussed the urban trans- complete range of SIKA construction Galician Coasts, Spain, and Enfeh, port plan for Greater Beirut as pre- products for injections, mortars, Lebanon. Speaker: Mr. Ignacio sented to the CDR for approval and joints, epoxy repair, coatings, steel Manzanera. Mr. Manzera talked release of tenders. He dealt with the protection, etc. and the polymers about responses for marine oil spills, general management programme and other chemical elements in their maintenance of equipment and the for Beirut involving the use of new fabrication. He finally spoke of con- training of personnel. He covered traffic signals, the monitoring of crete admixtures such as plasticisers, the traditional techniques for spilled traffic by video cameras and GPS, retarders and accelerators and the oil collection such as mechanical the creation of a traffic control cen- new self-compacting concrete. recovery with the use of booms, tre, grade separation with the use of 29 November, 2002. Subject: Bauer floating skimmers and contamina- overpasses and underpasses, and Techniques for Deep Foundations, tion tanks, and coast cleaning with the solution of the parking problem Shoring, Retaining Structures and the use of sprayers and water-oil through the construction of under- separation systems. He used pic- ground parking spaces.

26 NNU SPIRIT Field Trips

July 2002. Location: Notre Dame University field site. Description of object: ready-mix batching plant, Matta Contractors. The Society members visited a concrete batching unit set up on the NDU Matta site, where Matta engineers explained the functioning of the unit. Their guide showed them the four compartments containing large and medium coarse aggregates, crushed stone and mountain sand, two silos containing cement and a tank for water. He demon- The group at Faraya strated the precise feeding of elements of the mix by weight control, addition of water and admixtures (if needed), the mixing of the concrete, and the final pouring. November, 2002. Location: Chekka. Description of object: Cement production Plant, Cimenterie Nationale. Members saw aggregates transport- ed from limestone and clay quarries being sent to the raw mill for fine crushing after preliminary crushing, sampling and testing. After entering the preheater, the mix was blown into the kiln at temperatures reaching 1500º to produce alite and belite crystals and, after cooling, the final calcium and silicate com- pound. This product was called A real Lebanese spread at Faraya. clinker, the visitors were told, which after being crushed and steam curing, and two other beds games, there was a traditional mixed with gypsum was stored as for large girders. The concrete mix Lebanese lunch on the Reserve, cement for sale in bulk or in packs. was provided by two batching units with mezza, barbecue and arak. The chemistry, physics and quality present on-site. The plant also pro- control laboratories monitored the duced any type of pre-cast concrete 1 March, 2003. Description: trip to material at every stage. on request. During their visit, stu- Faraya. This was the first snow out- 13 December, 2002. Location: Zouk dents saw the pouring of pre-ten- ing for members of the Society, one Mikayel. Description of object: Pre- sioned ribs and the fabrication of which brought them together from stressed Concrete Plant, Derwiche tiles by use of the dry-mix method. all the academic years and from the Haddad. Members of the Society three engineering departments, were shown how the plant was Leisure Trips civil, mechanical and electrical, divided into two parts, one section together with many faculty and being for paving, tiles, kerbs, gut- 12 October, 2002. Description: trip staff members. The party had break- ters and similar products and to Afqa Nature Reserve. The trip fast at Achkout before heading to another for prefabricated and pre- was organised at the beginning of Faraya to enjoy snow fights, tobog- stressed concrete elements such as the academic year with a view to ganing and making a snowman. pre-tensioned ribs, slabs, beams and introducing students to the Society More than thirty persons sat at post-tensioned beams. Two stress- of Civil Engineers and to its future lunch at El Erzal, indulging in arak ing beds were used for ribs and activities. After some biking, and narguilehs as well as in the slabs, with two warming plates for backgammon (tric-trac) and card food. N

NNU SPIRIT 27 NDU AT THE 14TH IEEE INT'L CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONICS (ICM 02)

The large audience of specialists, with Dr. Shahwan Khoury in the forefront. Dr. Shahwan Khoury and Dr. Mustapha Hamad (left) ably represented NDU.

The 14th IEEE International Conference on In the Microelectronics Technology session, Dr. Microelectronics (ICM'02) was held in Lebanon 11-13 Mustapha Hamad, also of NDU, co-authored a paper December, 2002. The conference venue was the Gefinor titled Algorithms for Optoelectronics Implementation of Rotana Hotel in Beirut. This international event was co- Trigonometric Functions Based on Modified Signed- sponsored by the IEEE Electron Devices Society as well Digit Numbers, The Technical Program was enriched by as by the American University of Beirut, Notre Dame plenary talks given by recognized authorities: Dr. University-Louaize, the University of Waterloo and the Mohamad Mrayati from the Regional Advisor in Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal. The collaboration Science and Technology, UN-ESCWA, Prof. I. Hajj from between the co-sponsors ensured the success of ICM'02 the American University of Beirut, Mr. P. Naimeh and and the high standards that were achieved. Mr. S. Moussalli from M+W Zander Company, Dr. H. This conference was the fourteenth ICM in a series that El-Tahawy from Mentor Graphics, Egypt, and Mr. S. has included conferences held in Algeria, Syria, Egypt, Dabliz from TAC Middle East. Tunisia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, As a result of such eminent participation, the IEEE con- Kuwait, Iran, and Morocco. The Technical Program ferences have evolved to become the most important of offered excellent refereed contributed papers as well as annual Microelectronics meetings held outside North invited papers. 65 papers were selected by the Technical America. The Committee of ICM'02 assembled an excel- Program Committee (Dr. Mustapha Hamad from the lent technical program to provide a unique forum for Faculty of Engineering represented NDU on this com- the exchange of ideas and research results. All members mittee.) The international aspect of the conference was of the Organizing Committee worked hard to meet the emphasized by the fact that 16 countries from around challenge by providing wonderful surroundings for the the world were included in the program. The authors of participants to discuss important technical issues and, at papers were from Canada, France, Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, the same time, through the social activities, to give them Tunisia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, USA, Lebanon, Qatar, an opportunity to appreciate the richness of Lebanese Morocco, United Arab Emirates, India, Japan and Jordan. culture. In addition to technical activities, several social The main events of ICM'02 were as follows. The opening events were organized to let participants enjoy the local ceremony was addressed by H.E. the Minister of hospitality and the fine weather of Lebanon during the Industry George Frem, who had graciously accepted to holiday season. A welcome reception was held on the have this conference held under his patronage. This cer- first day, followed by the conference banquet on the sec- emony was attended by over 100 persons, including ond day at the Gefinor Rotana Hotel. After the confer- members of parliament and distinguished guests. ence, a wonderful tour to the temple of Baalbeck was organized. Contributions accepted (both oral and poster presentation) covered a broad range of technical subjects related Finally, the Dean would like to thank our NDU students to new developments in solid-state technology, devices, from the IEEE Student Branch who voluntarily helped circuits and systems. Two sessions were held simultane- in the organization. ously. Professor Shahwan Khoury, Dean FE, NDU, Information kindly supplied by Dr. Mustapha Hamad, chaired a session on Analog Circuits, RF, and Oscillators. Faculty of Engineering NDU. N

28 NNU SPIRIT FOUNDER'S DAY AT MAIN CAMPUS

On Friday, May 9, 2003, NDU's Main Campus celebrated Founder's Day under the general direction of the Student Affairs Office, which naturally worked in cooperation with the Student Cabinet and the NDU student clubs. The day started with Mass celebrated by Father Boutros Bou Nassif in the presence of NDU President Father Boutros Tarabay, Faculty members, staff and students. A proud Argentine tango under the night sky of Lebanon.

This was followed by a parade and the opening of the stalls run according to various themes by the student clubs. 4 p.m. saw the arrival of Talal al-Jurdi, Nazih Youssef and Ziad Said, who toured the grounds. The evening per- formances featured singer Nellie Makdessi, Fadi Bader with his one-man show, Elie Ayoub (mono- logue), Mireille Azar, Wassim al-Farisy, Toni Farah and Fares Haydamous, while a delegation of students from the Shouf Campus took part in a Shakira dance. N

Warming up in a Latin American Mood

NNU SPIRIT 29 CARES COMES TO CAMPUS

Keen questioning from the audience about an urgent problem.

In Friends Hall at NDU on During a course of one or two days, In an independently sponsored test, Thursday, May 22nd, between 4.30 CARES can be taught in four differ- not one customer served by trained and 6 p.m., there was a presentation ent business situations: and certified servers became intoxi- of CARES - Consumption of • On premise: hotels, night clubs, cated, while 50% of customers of Alcohol Responsibly thru restaurants, pubs, casinos and air- non-certified staff were in fact intox- Educated Servers made by Mr. Joe lines. icated. Nacouzi, Hotel Management expert CARES makes sense financially, and trainer in responsible alcohol • Off premise: grocery and conve- legally and morally. It saves money, serving. He was introduced to the nience stores, liquor stores and offers protection from legal compli- audience of NDU Faculty members, supermarkets. cations and makes it possible for staff and students and to guest • Concessions: stadiums, arenas any government body or business to Hospitality professionals by Dr. and public shows and exhibitions. become a positive force in the battle Yussef Zgheib, Chair of the NDU against drunkenness and drunken Department of Hospitality and • Social functions: catered affairs, driving. Tourism, and by Mr. Suheil Matar, universities, weddings and country NDU Director of Public Relations. clubs. For further information, contact We should like to point out here Each programme is designed for the either of the following: that for the BM&F Faculty of NDU particular situation and its person- good business is moral business. nel. It helps proprietors, managers, hosts and floor staff to prevent The guest speaker gave a general orderly customers or guests being outline of the CARES organisation inconvenienced or disturbed by Antoine Maksoud, and of its purpose and methods in excessive drinkers. A 3-year certifi- CARES public Relations Manager. addressing the problems of drunk- cation is awarded to personnel after Phone/Fax: 04. 716492. enness and drunken driving. they have passed a written exami- Mobile: 03.201347 Drawing on the expertise of doctors, nation. Establishments whose staff E-mail: psychologists and servers, it has cre- are CARES-certified have a reputa- [email protected] ated an effective course for estab- tion for concern about the well- Dr. Yussef Zgheib, lishing acceptable standards of prac- being and enjoyment of their cus- NDU Dept. of Hospitality and tice for serving alcoholic beverages tomers. The whole programme Tourism. and for teaching personnel how to greatly improves the business Phone: 09.218950-5, ext. 2486 use their "people skills" in handling image, reduces the risk of charges of Mobile: 03.577048 customers who have already Legal Jeopardy and of accidents E-mail: [email protected] absorbed as much as is good for caused by drunken drivers, thus sav- them or who are evidently under ing lives, and contributes to the the legal age to be served. reduction of alcohol abuse.

30 NNU SPIRIT COMMUNIO

On March that many 26, 2003 the NDU things have gone Communio Circle held wrong with the world one of its monthly meetings that God made and that to discuss an article by Thomas God insists, and insists very Howard in the Communio loudly, on our putting them right International Catholic Review enti- again." tled Providence in C.S. Lewis's "Space" On Wednesday, May 28, the Communio Trilogy. The discussion opened with a circle discussed the article A Self- presentation of the subject by Dr. Edward Determined Life? The Art of Living and Alam, animator of the Circle. Surprising Response to the Holy by Jörg Splett (translated though it may seem, the subject was bound from the German) taken from Communio up with science and evolution. Those taking International Catholic Review and presented by part included Fr. Ross Frey, Basilian Salvatorian Dr. Joseph Yacoub of NDU. Those present monk, Mr. Mario Ghossoub, Dr. Tony Hage, Dr. included Dr. Edward Alam, the circle moderator, Roger Hajjar, Br. Cyril Mesarch, Ukrainian Basilian Ms. Monique Gédeon, Mrs. Brid Gemayel, Dr. monk, Mr. Kenneth Mortimer, Ms Viviane Naimy, Mary Ghaleb, Father Antoine Lattouf, Father Dr. Doumit Salameh and Dr. Joseph Yacoub. Martin McDermott S.J., Mrs. Mary McDermott, Mr. The first fact that emerged was that Providence K.J. Mortimer, Dr. Doumit Salameh, Dr. Eugene should not be seen as an almost fatalistic divine Sensenig-Dabbous and Father Boulos Wehbe. It will ordering of our personal lives but rather as an order- be seen that as usual Catholic-Orthodox (particularly ing of the whole movement of history from the begin- Eastern) and Reformed traditions were well repre- ning of the universe. sented in the search for a common understanding of religion and its realisation in the modern world. It was noted that ancient religions generally had a circular view of history, one that still exists in Hinduism Discussion was about the meeting and development with its endless cycle of creation, destruction and re- of the Greek and Hebrew ethical concepts in creation. Subsequently it was the Christian doctrine of Christianity and the human struggle for Good. creation ex nihilo in time that made it possible to think Obedience was seen not as a blind following of an about movement and change in the way that authority as occurs among fundamentalists but as Buridan, Copernicus and Newton ultimately did. acceptance of God's law in the heart, from which Thomas Aquinas himself had to argue, presumably conscience started and transformed us. Several of in defence of Aristotle and against Bonaventure, those present were able to clarify the precise mean- that without revelation (in his time) there was no ings of certain words of the ethics vocabulary in way of discovering that the world was not eter- their Greek and German roots. nal; but be it noted that even an eternal world This was the last Communio meeting of the aca- would have needed an outside cause (the infi- demic year 2002-2003. Participants look for- nite Hindu series of elephants and tortoises ward to meeting again in the coming year, holding up the world would still need an when as usual interested persons of any outside support as otherwise the whole religious persuasion, from inside and infinite series would fall through space.) outside the University, who are inter- It had also to be understood that ested in the serious study of ques- belief in Providence did not do tions arising from faith will be away with free-will. C.S. Louis welcome. Information may be said that Christianity obtained from Dr. Edward "thinks that God made Alam's office at NDU, the world... but it extension 2415 or also thinks 2502. N

NNU SPIRIT 31 AMIN ASSWAD, STUDENT MARTYR

When you die for a cause, you will never perish, unless your cause dies with you.

On May 7th, 2003, the Lebanese Phalanges Base celebrated in memory of Amin Asswad, one of the first student mar- tyrs who gave their lives in the service of their country. The ceremony included a brief outline of the Lebanese War and of the devotion displayed by Amin Asswad. Further, there was

• a prayer offered by Father Boutros Abou Nassif, • a testimony from Jocelyn Khowayri, • a word from Amin Asswad's family read by Joseph Asswad, and • a word from Sami El Gemayel. Mr. Carlos Eid, student, was responsible for the ceremony, which was attended by The Right Honourable Pierre Gemayel M.P., members of the martyr's family and a number of his colleagues in arms, among them Naji Botros and Massoud Achcar. N Deputy Pierre El Gemayel, members of the Asswad family and Amin Asswad's colleagues at the ceremony.

GENERAL AOUN ON THE 'PHONE TO THE SOCIAL CLUB

On Friday, June 6th, 2003, General Michel Aoun spoke against Syria. The Syrian people were friends and it was by telephone to a large crowd of students about the to be hoped that there would be good relations with United States' attitude to the Syrian presence in them. But it had become necessary to have resort to Lebanon and about his own hopes for future cordial international circles which had adopted Security relations with Syria. Council Resolution 520 in order to demand application of this resolution in the event of failure to comply. In He explained the Syria Accountability Act, to be pre- any case, the final result would be Syrian withdrawal. sented to the Senate this July 9th, as a "distribution of roles" between Congress and the State Department. The General Aoun said that there was coherence between purpose of the Act was not to sanction Syria but to urge the declared aims of the Bush Administration and its Damascus to give satisfaction to a series of demands. He practice. It had so far carried out its intentions. As for the himself hoped that the State Department would succeed internal stability of Lebanon after Syrian withdrawal, he in its mission and that there would be no sanctions said if the Americans decided to re-establish stability in Lebanon, they would have no need of Syria. N

32 NNU SPIRIT DR. ABDUL RAHMAN BIZRI ON SARS

On May 19th, 2003, the NDU Department of Sciences invited Dr. Abdul Rahman Bizri. M.D., Infectious Disease Division at AUB Medical Center, to give a lecture about SARS. He was heard by a keenly interested audience of NDU Faculty members, staff and students, since SARS has been much in the news. The following is a summary of his talk kindly supplied by Dr. Najat Yehia. SARS is an abbreviation for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. It is a respiratory tract infection that can lead to severe illness and even death. The eti- ology points to a viral agent known as Corona virus. SARS-associated Corona virus is a cause of illness only recently identified and described. The virus is classified as a Corona virus due to its structure (Figure 1).

What is the origin of SARS?

SARS is believed to have originated from a province in China called Guan-dong. It is hypothe- sized that the way of living in this area has led to the spread of the virus. In this province, people live very close to their farms and they are in close contact with animals and birds. It is believed that the animal virus went into a re-assortment of genes giving rise to a mutated new virus which can infect humans. The first case of SARS infection was reported in November 2002 in China. Later, an outbreak was reported in a French hospital in Vietnam, followed by the Hong Kong hospital outbreak and other reports from East-Asian countries. Figure 1. A person may be suspected of having the SARS virus if there is a high fever (>38 °C), coughing or difficulty in breathing, and one or more of the following exposures during the 10 days prior to the onset of symptoms: 1. close contact with a person who is a suspected or probable case of SARS;

NNU SPIRIT 33 2. a history of travel, to an area with recent local transmission of SARS; The instructions to control the spread of SARS, in case of a suspect- 3. residing in an area with recent local transmission of SARS ed infection, are as follows: The medical management of SARS patients is to admit them under Hand washing/alcohol-based respiratory isolation and to evaluate prognostic criteria such as: Eye protection + face shields Age Negative pressure rooms Underlying illnesses HEPA masks Respiratory HEPA filters X-ray findings Disposable tray & other items Hematology/Chemistry Linen and laundry precautions Antimicrobial therapy As SARS is an imported illness, the To identify SARS patients, there are non-specific tests such as total only way that SARS can creep into lymphocyte count and liver function tests and specific ones such as Lebanon is through air (airport), sea antibody testing, molecular testing, cell cultures and radiographs (ports) and land (borders). However, (CXR). The medical approach for treatment is based on the antimicro- in Lebanon, there have been no bial therapy (antibiotics, antivirals), supportive therapy, corticos- cases reported up till now. teroids, and other therapeutic approaches. To keep Lebanon The instructions for handling SARS patients are as follow: safe from SARS, Private room + door should be kept closed the Ministry of Health is distribut- Masks must be worn by all persons entering the room and should ing a pamphlet at be changed every time the room is entered, and changed when the airport that soiled. instructs passengers on this issue. The patient should be taught to cover his mouth and nose with For example, if the passenger has paper tissues while coughing or sneezing and to dispose of tissues been exposed to cases of severe in a paper bag. acute respiratory disease syndrome There must be a limit to movement (portable equipment), and during his travel, he should monitor transport of the patient from the room must be for essential pur- his health for at least 10 days. If he poses only. If transport is necessary, masking the patient is required becomes ill with fever >38°C accom- (end of day). panied by cough or difficulty in breathing, he should consult a physi- Gloves and gowns should be worn by all persons having direct con- cian. tact with the patient. At the end of his lecture Dr. Bizri Masks, gowns and gloves should be removed at the door before raised certain questions that need to leaving the patient's room. be answered about SARS in the Follow the procedure guideline for cleaning, disinfecting, and han- future such as immunization (vac- dling equipment, utensils and other items. cine) and a proper treatment. N

Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. Will Durant

"Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe." H. G. Wells (1866-1946)

34 NNU SPIRIT PROFESSOR BYRON RAIZIS ON BYRON

Professor Marion Byron Raizis is Joint President of the International Council of Byron Societies, first established in Greece by a group of students in 1868 and later expanded, especially in the early 1970s, to 42 countries around the world.. Under the distinguished leadership of Professor Raizis, Professor John Clubbe, USA, and Lord Lytton, UK, the International Council organises each year an International Byron Conference and tour in one of the countries represented, usually attended by hundreds of scholars and Byronists from all parts of the globe. It is hoped that with the encouragement and support of Professor Marion Byron Raizis, speaking with authority. Professor Raizis, NDU will have the privilege of organising such a conference very soon on its own campus. Dr. Raizis was Chair Professor of English at the University of Athens and now in his retirement devotes his entire time to serving the international Byron movement. Also, for several years he has been President of the Hellenic Byron Society. He has authored, edited and translated no less than twenty books and his articles appear in the most prestigious international literary journals. In short, Professor Raizis is the authority on everything per- taining to Byron studies. His presentation at NDU was given in Friends Hall on May 8, 2003 in front of some seventy officials, instructors and students of NDU and interested guests from outside. These included University Vice President Dr. Ameen Rihani, the Dean of Humanities Dr. Boulos Sarru', English Department Chairperson Dr. Amal Yazigi and Dr. Naji Oueijan, himself a Byron authority. Introductions were made by Dr. Amal Yazigi and there were short presentations by Dr. Sarru' and Dr. Oueijan. Professor Raizis spoke of Byron's Grecian Travels in Space and Time. He examined the scholarly concepts of self-reflectiveness and self-consciousness of a literary author, illustrating them on the basis of Lord Byron's "Grecian Poetry" - that is to say poetry inspired by specific loci in contemporary Greece, whose historical and mythical echoes from Ancient Greece enabled Byron to express himself more effectively and culturally as a diachronic com- mentator on the human condition. N Information kindly supplied by the English Department.

Doctor Naji Oueijan, Doctor Boulos Sarru’, Doctor Marion Raizis, Doctor Ameen Rihani and Doctor Amal Yazigi, Chair of English

NNU SPIRIT 35 THIRD YEAR OF TRADITIONS!

From Rana Hage

Events of the NDU Traditions Club's third year were as entertaining as ever. Thanks to its stunning success in different University activities it has won a great reputation in a really short time. This year was a most interesting one, for our Club managed many social events on the Campus.

Recruitment Day was held on November 8th, 2002. More than one hundred new members signed up with the Club to get the most out of all that it was to offer throughout the Whooping it up at the Traditions Club Third Annual Party, at LOFT, Ashrafiyeh. year. Our annual party was held on November 9th at the LOFT night club in Ashrafiyeh. Not only Club members took part, for there were students from other clubs and even other universities to join in our Club's Third Anniversary spree and drink and dance and have fun until dawn. On December 11th, the PR Class and the Traditions Club collaborated in a conference entitled Freedom of the Press, with the distinguished presence of Marcel Ghanem, the well- Waiting for the Founder's Day Parade to start. known TV personality. The conference gave an opportunity for the guest and the students to express their views on current issues of great importance to Lebanese university students. The Traditions Club also took part in the Christmas Fiesta on the 19th and 20th December. In this spiritual event, the aim of the Club was to offer products from charities so as to help the unfortunate. The NDU Founder's Day on May 9th was thoroughly enjoyed, with the Traditions Club offering a Greek PR. Class and Traditions Club members with Mr. Marcel Ghanem after the debate on Freedom of the Press.

36 NNU SPIRIT atmosphere, as its chosen theme was Greek Tradition. Club members dressed in Greek costumes and sold Greek food, including pies from Plaza.

On May 19th the Club held a very successful conference in Friends Hall entitled Religious Diversity, a blessing or disaster? The guest speakers were Minister Robert Ghanem and Mr. Fouad Makhzomi, who talked about the important message Lebanon sent out to the world as a country where people of different religions and sects lived together and about the importance of national solidarity. The Traditions Club Christmas Stand. Hundreds of students attended and there was excellent media coverage. After the conference was over, all agreed that it had been a great success.

The success of the events organised by the NDU Traditions Clubs would not have been possible without the support and the sound advice of our beloved advisor, Dr. AKL Keyrouz, who has been its guide for two years in succession. Thanks go also to the Club Committee members, who have put in a great deal of effort Traditions Club members with Mr. Fouad Makhzoumi before the conference on Religious Diversity. throughout the year.

Club Committee

President: Ramzi Hage

Vice President: Sabine Aroman

Secretary: Lara Ayoub, Chantal Chehadé

Treasurer: Georges Younes

Public Relations: Dany Roumouz

Events: Assaad Tarabay, George Homsi

Media coverage: Rana Hage

Advisor: Dr. Akl Keyrouz Christmas Fiesta: General Elias Hanna, SAO, and Traditions Club members cutting the Yule Log, presented by SINIBON.

NNU SPIRIT 37 DORY CHAMOUN AT NDU

Doctor Edward Sayah, Mr. Dory Chamoun, Ms. Betty Hindi and Father Boutros Tarabay, NDU President.

Speaking at NDU on May 14, 2003 at give its whole attention to the "Road not even on good terms with it, wish- the invitation of the Eternal Club, in Map" and to peace in the region if it ing only to ensure its own interests to the presence of NDU President Fr. was to draw any advantage from its Lebanon's detriment, which was the Boutros Tarabay, Club Advisor Dr. military successes. For its part, Edward Sayah, Faculty members and Lebanon had failed to profit from the whole problem. While respecting the students, Mr. Dory Chamoun, head of situation, particularly concerning American regime, the opposition the National Liberal Party, criticised human rights. refused to be anybody's agent. He the political and economic situation himself did not share General Aoun's in Lebanon, but foresaw an early Questioned about any relations opinion that the USA was sincere total withdrawal of the Syrian forces. between the Lebanese opposition Discussing events in Iraq, he consid- and the USA, he said that the USA did about Syrian withdrawal from ered that the United States should not support the opposition and was Lebanon. N RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY "Religious Diversity, Blessing or Burden? The Future of Lebanon after the Wars of the Region." This was the full title of the forum organised on May 19, 2003 by the NDU Traditions Club, which enjoyed the participation of Deputy Robert Ghanem and Architect Fouad Al Makhzoumi. After the welcoming address of the NDU Director of Public Relations Mr. Suheil Matar, Deputy Ghanem took the floor, focusing on the resources Student Ramzi Hage (Traditions Club), Deputy Robert Ghanem, Mr. Suheil Matar and Architect Fouad Al Makhzoumi. resulting from religious multiplicity and their utilisation. He stated that, despite our deep attachment to our land, to our respective religions and our freedom, we were still unable to make the giant leap from being citizens to a sense of citizenship. He presented suggestions that should be adopted by the Ministry of Education when re-drafting the academic curricula, namely embracing reality and facts, brainstorming, and establishing new binding regulations outside the framework of compromise. For his part the architect Fouad Al Makhzoumi believed that the most important step to be taken in order for Lebanese society to regain its vitality was that of moderating what he called the sectarian atmosphere and of setting aside all elements of internal tension. This would give a new impetus to the Lebanese formula through the dialogue of cultures and ensure continuity. It implied open discussion between all the Lebanese parties. N

38 NNU SPIRIT EUROPEAN UNION AMBASSADOR Guest of the Club of International Relations

Ambassador Patric Renaud and Doctor Michel Nehme, Dean of PSPA&D.

On Wednesday, June 4th, 2003, Mr. concerning markets for agriculture putting an immediate end to the Patric Renaud gave a talk, in and armaments. Mr. Renaud said threat. The position of the EU French, as the guest of the NDU that there were also opposing com- Commission was one of respect for Club of International Relations. His mercial and strategic interests, both international law, undergoing a subject was La Relation entre l'UE et frequently being defended by dif- slow process of evolution toward l'USA et son influence sur la région, ferent poles even within one coun- peace. The use of force and eco- and he was introduced by the Dean try. nomic sanctions remained fundamental means of redress in the of PSPA&D Dr. Michel Nehme and Mr. Renaud spoke of the many event of international law being NDU Public Relations Director Mr. problems raised by the pressure of violated. Suheil Matar. migration. He addressed the ques- After thanking the Club for the invi- tion of how distance between coun- Mr. Renaud then spoke about to the tation, His Excellency spoke of the tries no longer meant the exclusion terms of EU cooperation with example being given by the of any threat. As for the present sit- Lebanon, in particular the European Union. He then dealt uation, the September 11th events Cooperation Agreement of 1973 with the factors involved in making had modified United States policy and the 2002 Agreement of any international agreement, the and in turn the policy of other UN Association. The EU approach went various interests concerning natural members. There were two options, beyond free currency exchange to resources, commercial markets, to use force or to use dialogue. the integration of the regional mar- labour costs, finance and commer- Dialogue had the advantages of ket and laying everywhere the cial cooperation. There was also the mutual respect, no spirit of revenge foundations for democracy and tension between heads of state and and a study of the causes of the con- peace based on the Barcelona 1995 the various lobbies, particularly flict. Force had the advantage of Round Table. N

NNU SPIRIT 39 SPORTS OFFICE NEWS

The following are the results for games held during the first week of April 2003:

Balamand University Football Tournament (1/4/03) NDU vs AUT 3/0

USJ Women's Volleyball Meeting (1/4/03) NDU vs USJ 3/1

BAU Handball Tournament (2/4/03) NDU/BAU 21/25

Metn University Men's Basketball Tournament (4/4/03)NDU vs AUB 66/54

FSUL Track and Field Competition (4/4/03) 100 m: 1st Nathalie Saikaly 2nd Reine Bejjani 200 m: 2nd Reine Bejjani 3rd Nathalie Saikaly

Haïgazian University Chess Tournament (6/4/03) Teams: 2nd place NDU Individual: 4th place Elie Abou Jaoudeh

April closed with NDU winning the Metn University Basketball Renie Bejjani and Nathalie Saikaly Championship at Michel Murr Stadium: NDU/USJ 97-83

These are the results of friendly games held at AUB on May 3rd and 4th, 2003:

Basket Women: NDU/AUB 42/38 Basketball Men: NDU/M.S. 57/42 Handball Men: BAU/NDU

NDU Varsity Football Team 21/18 Volleyball Men: NDU/LAU Beirut 3/1 Volleyball Women: NDU/AUB 2/1 Football: NDU/USEK 6/0 Chess: NDU/AUB 2/3 Table Tennis Men: UL/NDU 4/3

The NDU Basketball Team

40 NNU SPIRIT Table Tennis Women: NDU/AUB 2/1 Tennis Men: AUB/NDU 2/1 Tennis Women: NDU/AUB 2/0 On May 10, 2003, the FSUL and the Lebanese Canoe-Kayak Federation held their annual University Canoe- Kayak Championship under the supervision of Mr. Nasri Lahoud, President of the FSUL (University Sports Federation of Lebanon) and of the Minister of Youth and Sport, Mr. Sebouh Hovnanian. Also present were Commodore Edmond Chagoury, President of the Yachting Federation, and Mr. Mazen NDU Junior Football Team Ramadan, President of the Canoe- Kayak Federation. Nine teams of 7 members each took part over a 3-km On May 12, 2003 at the Kahraba pitch, the AUT (American University of course along Nahr el Kelb. Technical Technology) wound up its second annual basketball tournament, held under results were as follows: the supervision of Mr. Nasri Lahoud, and Mr. George Nasr, FSUL Secretary General. In the final, the NDU team, coached by Mr. Sarkis Kourgian, won 1. Notre Dame University against AUT Halate with a score of 86 against 64. 9'53 At the FSUL Judo Tournament held at Balamand University on May 15, 2003, 2. Lebanese University NDU came first in the overall ranking for all Lebanese universities. 10'24 Three NDU students (Lebanese champions) took first place in their respec- 3. Hawaï University tive weights: 10'29 Mario Bou Chebel 68 kg and above 4. AUT Wissam Abou Nader 72 kg and above 10'46 Antoine Bismarji 76 kg and above 5. Haïgazian University In the Track and Field Competition held at the Sports City on May 16, 2003 10'51 the results for NDU participants were as follows: 6. Arab University of Beirut 11'09 100 m 7. Holy Spirit University - Kaslik Nathalie Saikaly First place 11'21 Reine Bejjani Second place 200 m

Nathalie Saikaly First place Long Jump

Mario Khoury Fourth place In the USEK Basketball Tournament held at the USEK Campus, Kaslik on May 16, 2003, the NDU Varsity Team ranked second. N

NNU SPIRIT 41 ANOTHER DAY TO REMEMBER by Fadia El-Hage

NDU staff members were invited to attend a At that moment one of the priests followed the boy up spiritual retreat given on April 17, 2003, at the to the attic and saw him talking to the Crucified. He was monastery of Mar Doumit, Faytroun. Around forty amazed to hear Jesus answering Marcellino and ran took part, under the spiritual leadership of Father down from the attic to call all the priests to come and see Boutros Bou-Nassif. He started proceedings by the miracle. They rushed up the stairs and found preaching to us about Confession, one of the Marcellino fast asleep on Jesus' lap. Within a second, seven sacraments of the Church. For about one Jesus left the boy on a chair in an eternal sleep and hour and a half Father Boutros showed us the returned to the cross, to the astonishment of all the com- importance of this sacrament and its importance munity. for the individual Christian. He mentioned that This movie really gave us great pleasure, but another most priests are empowered to absolve all types of pleasure awaited us as Father Boutros Tarabay and sin, so that man can become a clean sinless person Father Roger Chikri arrived together and celebrated after confessing to a minister. We all benefited Mass for us, after which they had lunch with us. So from his explanation and in addition were ended the retreat, which had been a real thrill. Many delighted to learn more and more about different thanks are due to the priests for the opportunity they issues mentioned in the Bible. gave us to attend such an event.

Then there was a short break, after which we followed a Research and Development Office Dinner movie called Marcellino, Pan y Vino. This film introduced a baby boy found at the door of a monastery in Italy. The Members of the staff of the Sponsored Research and priests of the monastery were kind-hearted and took in Development Office were invited to dinner at Al- the baby to bring him up, attending to all his physical Marjeh Restaurant, Kley'at. All spent a delightful needs. He grew up day by day and the next part of the evening together and looked forward to further such story begins when he was six years old. There was one occasions that would bring them together in such a thing that the boy, christened Marcellino, was forbidden happy atmosphere. N to do, and that was to climb up into the attic. But he was stubborn and wanted to know what was going on up there. One day he climbed the stairs up into the attic and found inside a huge wooden cross with Jesus Christ hung upon it. The boy started talking to Jesus and asked him if he was hungry. He then ran down to the kitchen and brought Jesus a piece of bread and a glass of wine. Jesus performed a miracle, speaking to the boy from the cross and asking his name. The boy told him that his name was Marcellino, whereupon Jesus added to his name Pan y Vino, meaning "bread and wine". Marcellino became very happy to speak to Jesus every day and to offer him bread and wine. One night it was raining heavily and Marcellino felt afraid alone in his bed. So he went up to the attic and saw Jesus and told him how he was afraid to stay alone. A cheerful crowd and a good spread, not to mention a good arguileh, at Al-Marjeh Restaurant.

42 NNU SPIRIT NDU CHOIR... 10 YEARS!

In October of 1993, Father Khalil Rahmeh O.M.M. Now with its tenth Easter it has ventured into new activ- founded the Choir of Notre Dame University - Louaize, ities for a future filled with compassion expressed in with the encouragement of musical friends and particu- music. larly of the Maronite Miriamite Order, to which he So we extend a warm greeting - belongs. It was joined by a number of amateurs in addition to students in the Louaize School of Music. to those who have given, and continue to give, without asking any return. After six months of hard work and practice under Father Rahmeh's direction, the choir came out with its first con- to those who have enriched our memories with heav- cert. This was an outstanding event, nothing less than enly melodies. the appearance after a short preparation of a completely to everyone who has ever participated in the work of harmonised choir able to cope with all kinds of choral the choir. music. Now it is a flourishing institution, having performed all over Lebanon and in various parts of the to all who after giving generously of their time and world with various specialities, particularly polyphony. effort later left us. Charbel Abi Rached Now it is in its tenth spring. It began with NDU students and with their help will continue its mission of endless giving, a mission of love and art in the spirit of its Mother-Church.

"TOO MANY PIECES OF MUSIC FINISH TOO LONG AFTER THE END." Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)

NNU SPIRIT 43 GOD'S FATHERHOOD and the Church's Understanding of Drug Use and Addiction

by Father Roger Chikri O.M.M.

The relationship of the human We undergo the experience of God The Church's attitude as guardian of being with God is a theological since He lives with us and in us. He human and Christian moral values is and at the same time a is always present and active. God is intended to all and for all, and in philosophical issue. The always at work and ready to com- particular here the users of drugs. Church's primary concern and municate with us. Human beings The Church's proposal is evangelical need to acquire spiritual communi- mission lie in the salvation and by nature; it is an announcement of cation skills to be able to speak to God's love that does not wish the welfare of the human being God and to understand what He death but rather the conversion and created in God's image (Gen. 1: conveys. life of those who are living the 26). God's greatest gift to us is Any loss of harmony between God drama of addiction and suffer in a His image and likeness in us. miserable existence. It is necessary to Our dignity and value as human and His creatures will lead to slavery. It will weaken our human facul- make the drug user, who basically beings stem from God's image ties and deprive them of the use of suffers from the lack of love, know deeply rooted in our deepest true love. Instead of depending on and experience the love of God. In being. Our goodness comes God, we become independent of the midst of constant torment, in the from the fact that we are created him. Instead of trusting his ways, we profound emptiness of one's own in God's image and likeness. make up our own ways, thinking existence, the journey towards hope The goodness and beauty they will set us free. Eventually, we leads through the rebirth of an bestowed upon us reflect a fall into a vicious circle with no way authentic ideal of life. harmony and dependency out. Many deceptive addictions and The Holy Father affirms the need "to between God and His creatures. dependencies appeal to us, promis- bring drug users to the discovery As a result of this harmony and ing a bright external light but within and rediscovery of their own dignity of this dependency on God, we they lead to a terrible emptiness of as human beings, to help them to experience real and genuine soul. heighten and develop, as active sub- love and happiness. We are The Church's response to the phe- jects, those personal resources which called to live in communion nomenon of drug use and addiction drugs have buried through a trustful with God, with ourselves, with is a message of hope and love. reactivation of the mechanisms of the will, oriented toward sure and our neighbor, and with our Within the Church, the concern and activity of many individuals are noble ideals."(2) The Holy Father con- surroundings.(1) The presence of directed towards the drug user. In tinues: "The possibility of recovery God is not far beyond our reach no way does the Church intend to and redemption from the terrible since His dwelling is within us. underestimate the role of the differ- slavery has been concretely proven... To encounter God is to go deep ent sciences and disciplines in the with methods which rigorously inside us where His image and secular world when applied to the exclude any concession to drugs, likeness abide drug issue. legal or illegal, having a substitutive

(1) Cf. Gaudium et Spes, n. 13 (2) Inseg. Refers to Insegnamenti di Paolo VI, 16 vols. (Vatican City: Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1963-78), or Insegnamenti di GiovanniPaolo II, 12 vols. , most of which are divided into 2 or 3 parts (Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1978-89). These volumes include original-language versions of virtually all of the two popes' communications, p.347. (insegnamenti).

44 NNU SPIRIT character."(3) He then concludes: 3. The witness of those believers munity. Any possible forestalling of "Drugs are not overcome with who dedicate themselves to the the drug issue in NDU relies on (4) treatment of drug users according drugs." The Church contributes to obtaining complete and total collab- solving the problem of drug depen- to the example of Christ Jesus, oration among the several groups dence, both to prevent this evil and who did not come to be served but to support the users in their process to serve and give His life (cf. Matt. and individuals already notably of treatment and social rehabilita- 20: 28; Phil. 2: 7). active in this field on the campus. tion. N This threefold activity implies- Successful teamwork bringing The Church recommends the follow- together the roles of the priests, ing as part of the solution: a duty to proclaim the original administrators, deans, faculty mem- 1. The proclamation and announce- evangelical vision of God's ser- bers and staff, and the offices of the ment of God's infinite love direct- vants, Connection Society and the Pastoral ed to the salvation of every human a duty to humbly serve, like the Work, will contribute significantly to being. God's love excludes fear Good Shepherd who gives his life and anxiety and reflects the truth for his sheep, facing the drug issue. that every heart seeks out. a duty to assure the moral forma- To conclude, any one of our relatives 2. The condemnation of personal tion of individuals, families and or friends may fall a victim to drug and social evils that produce and communities on the basis of nat- favor the drug phenomenon. addiction. The primary support we ural and supernatural principles Since drug use is considered a so that their lives may be morally can provide is showing real and gen- human issue resulting in a person- solid and sound. uine love, bearing in mind that we al problem, immediate attention must be paid rather to identifying The recommendations presented believe that God heals with His the problems that lead to the above must be integrated with the divine love. God is love and whoev- addiction. Drugs users mostly suf- identity and vision of our education- er falls in love with God will find his fer from experiencing a lack of al institution. This is a major objec- or her own imperfection diminished true and genuine love. Once real tive on which NDU has set its eyes as love invades their lives, then the part of its religious, educational, and will embrace that perfection healing process gradually occurs. human and social role in our com- found only in God. N

(3) Insegnamenti, p. 347. (4) Insegnamenti, p. 349.

It is by the goodness of God in our country that we have those three unspeakably precious things: freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, and the prudence never to practise either of them. Mark Twain, Following the Equator, 1897 You catch more flies with a spoonful of honey than with a barrel of vinegar. St. Francis of Sales, Bishop of Geneva, opposed to persecution of Protestants, early 17th century.

Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through. Jonathan Swift, A Critical Essay upon the Faculties of the Mind, 1709.

NNU SPIRIT 45 ECONOMIE DU SALUT… SALUT DE L'ÉCONOMIE ?

There are people in the Père Béchara Khoury world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

"Comment, mon Père, peut-on être économiste?" Telle est en substance la réaction de beaucoup de chrétiens lorsqu'ils apprennent que leur desservant (ou leur aumônier, ou le directeur du collège religieux de leurs enfants…) a fait des études d'économie. Des études de théologie, de philosophie, cela va de soi; de sociologie, de psychologie, soit : mais d'économie! Il y a là pour beaucoup comme une incongruité, voir un objet de scandale.

C'est qu'il y a des clichés qui s'im- Ellis. Certes, aucune de ces deux L'erreur que commettent ces chré- posent facilement comme des images n'est entièrement dénuée de tiens sincères pour qui l'économie est représentations mentales, et qui ten- fondement dans la réalité; mais cha- tout entière perçue sous l'aspect d'un dent à opposer radicalement l'idée cune d'elle est aussi profondément culte inique rendu à Mammon ou au d'économie et l'idée de sacerdoce. réductrice: combien la réalité est plus Veau d'or peut se comprendre : nous D'un côté, "le sacerdoce", c'est le saint complexe, plus diverse! Le pro- vivons en effet dans une société de homme de Dieu barbu, avec sa fesseur de théorie économique à consommation de masse, vouée à soutane usée jusqu'à la trame, dans l'Institut Catholique de Paris ou à une véritable idéologie matérialiste son vieil ermitage sans chauffage et l'Université Saint-Joseph de du profit, au mépris de toute notion qui n'a à la bouche que de bonnes Beyrouth a peu à voir avec le requin de solidarité, de justice sociale et de maximes en syriaque; de l'autre côté, de la Bourse et n'a jamais "délocalisé respect de l'humain; et c'est bel et "l'économie", c'est le trader cynique, la main d'œuvre", de même que bien au nom des " lois économiques " qui a tous les gadgets électroniques l'honnête fonctionnaire du Ministère qu'a lieu cette dérive de civilisation dans sa villa avec piscine, ne s'habille des Finances à Paris comme à qui inquiète à juste titre chrétiens que dans les magasins de luxe du Beyrouth ou le chef d'entreprise d'Orient et d'Occident. Or, si cette Centre-Ville, et ne sait parler que soucieux du bien-être de ses salariés erreur peut se comprendre, elle n'en cours du dollar et taux d'intérêts. Le - pourtant, ils ont tout à voir avec l'é- demeure pas moins une erreur : ils premier n'est que soin et compassion conomie; et que dire d'une person- confondent l'économie et l'é- pour les plus démunis; le second nalité comme Michel Camdessus, conomisme, cette idéologie définie et n'hésite pas à faire mettre des cen- hier Président du Fonds Monétaire condamnée à plusieurs reprises par taines de travailleurs au chômage International et aujourd'hui prési- l'Eglise catholique au cours de ces pour réaliser une juteuse plus-value dent du Centre d'Etudes quarante dernières années (une pre- sur le cours de ses actions. Bref, c'est Prospectives et d'Informations mière fois dans la Constitution le curé de campagne de Bernanos Internationales ( CEPII)? Gaudium et spes du Concile Vatican contre les yuppies de Bret Easton II, puis dans les encycliques Laborem

46 NNU SPIRIT exercens et Sollicitudio rei socialis de que cette étude revêt pour lui un vient lui poser un cas de conscience, Jean-Paul II). L'économie est, tout double intérêt. par exemple sur la nécessité de simplement, l'étude rationnelle des procéder à un plan social, un prêtre règles qui régissent les activités de Le premier intérêt est précisément peut-il se contenter de dire : "Mon production et d'échange des biens d'apporter une réponse chrétienne fils, suivez ce que vous dicte votre et des services : elle n'est qu'un convaincante aux dérives engen- conscience morale"? ou ne remplira- mode de connaissance et d'analyse drées par l'économisme. A cet t-il pas mieux sa tâche de pasteur s'il du réel, et à ce titre, elle n'est, pas égard, plutôt que de s'enfermer peut aider ce chef d'entreprise au plus que la biologie ou la physique, dans un refus indiscriminé de l'é- discernement en examinant les con- susceptible d'être affectée en soi conomie en tant que telle et de ses ditions de réalisation d'un plan d'une quelconque valeur morale, lois, une attitude plus réaliste con- social, les moyens éventuels perme- qu'elle soit positive ou négative. siste tout d'abord à prendre con- ttant de ne pas y recourir, les modes L'économisme est tout autre chose : naissance de ces règles de fonction- d'accompagnement social les mieux c'est une idéologie, c'est une abso- nement, afin d'en mesurer précisé- adaptés? lutisation des règles dégagées par ment les dangers, et pour être en les sciences économiques afin d'en mesure de s'engager sur des cadres De plus, l'Eglise, en tant que part faire la seule règle d'organisation de légaux, des correctifs sociaux qui intégrante de la société civile, se la vie humaine; c'est cette absoluti- préviendront et amenderont effi- doit aussi de répondre à des con- sation qui rend l'économisme con- cacement les iniquités du "tout- traintes économiques - dans la ges- damnable, dans la mesure où il économie" : si le discours de Jean- tion d'hôpitaux, d'établissements entend ainsi substituer les lois Paul II sur l'économie, la société, le scolaires, de logements sociaux, économiques à la loi morale et au capital et le travail ont pu trouver aussi bien que de paroisses, dans plan de Dieu sur l'homme. (Notons dans le monde une vraie crédibilité, l'emploi de personnel laïc, dans l'u- par ailleurs que l'esprit de lucre et c'est parce qu'il est nourri par une tilisation de ses revenus propres, de possession se perd dans la nuit connaissance approfondie de l'é- denier du culte, donations, activité des temps et ne saurait être conomie, et ne se réfugie pas dans productive… C'est à travers un imputable au développement de la un utopisme angélique. Notons exercice économiquement sain et science économique moderne : au parallèlement qu'en France, un cer- humainement saint de ces activités sein même de l'Eglise, lorsque saint tain nombre d'économistes chré- que l'Eglise pourra témoigner de la François d'Assise et Martin Luther tiens (Jean-Yves Calvez, Etienne validité concrète de ses propositions s'attaquèrent à la simonie du clergé, Perrot, Maurice Bellet …)(1), dans sur l'économie et la société : à cet ce dernier n'avait pas lu les des optiques diverses, effectuent effet, les prêtres qui auront à théoriciens du néo-libéralisme!) aujourd'hui un travail de recherche, assumer ces responsabilités se Comme le précise d'ailleurs la d'analyse, de synthèse, de critique doivent d'être capables d'une intelli- Constitution conciliaire Gaudium et et de proposition en vue d'une pen- gence vraie des lois économiques. spes, "l'activité économique, con- sée chrétienne de l'économie; que duite selon ses méthodes et ses lois des associations de chrétiens En fait, il importe peut-être de propres, doit s'exercer dans les lim- impliqués dans la vie économique "sauver" l'économie de l'é- ites de l'ordre moral afin de répon- acquièrent de par leurs activités de conomisme, de prouver qu'elle peut dre au dessein de Dieu sur réflexion un statut de plus en plus aussi être aussi un élément de l'homme." Ce qui implique pre- remarquable (Mouvement chrétien dynamique humaine, une voie dans mièrement que les méthodes et les des cadres, Président des Semaines le "populum progressio" : pensons aux lois propres de l'économie ont une Sociales de France). Or, pour que ce nombreuses métaphores validité intrinsèque dans leur discours, le "discours social de économiques de l'Evangile, notam- domaine d'application, deuxième- l'Eglise", puisse trouver un écho ment celle des talents, et essayons ment que si l'on veut pouvoir les dans le siècle, c'est au prêtre qu'il de n'en avoir pas une lecture exclu- contenir dans les limites de l'ordre importe de le relayer, à son niveau - sivement symbolique. Bref, pour moral, il importe de les connaître. ce qui implique une connaissance contribuer à l'économie du salut, le Dès lors, on comprendra sans doute approfondie des mécanismes de l'é- prêtre d'aujourd'hui se doit sans mieux qu'un prêtre puisse s'adon- conomie. Prenons un exemple : à doute aussi de participer au " salut ner à l'étude de l'économie. C'est un chef d'entreprise chrétien qui de l'économie". N

(1) Soulignons que le titre du maître-ouvrage de Maurice Bellet est La seconde humanité, de l'impasse majeure de ce que nous appelons l'économie et non pas de l'impasse majeure de l'économie…

NNU SPIRIT 47 LES PERSECUTIONS CONTRE L'EGLISE MARONITE AU COURS DES SIECLES LA TRANSFORMERENT D'UNE EGLISE LOCALE EN EGLISE UNIVERSELLE

Dr. Georges T. LABAKI Associate Professor Un des derniers humanistes Expert du Synode LE SYNODE DE L’EGLISE MARONITE: UN ESPOIR POUR LE LIBAN

Après plusieurs décennies de gesticulation, d'hésitation et de résistance un synode maronite se réunissait à partir du mois de juin 2003 à Notre Dame du Mont à Fatka. En effet, le dernier synode maronite s'est tenu il y a plus de 156 ans... En outre, 267 années séparent l'actuel Synode du fameux Synode libanais de Louaizé de 1736 tenu au Couvent de Louaizé qui surplombe de nos jours l'université Notre Dame du même nom.

L'ouverture du synode se passa en de séance. Le Synode s'ouvrit par au maximum possible. Derrière les grande pompe et revêtit une impor- une prière chaque jour différente évêques, au milieu et sur les bas- tance nationale et bénéficia d'une où alternait psalmodie en syriaque côtés de la salle étaient installés les intense couverture médiatique. Il et en arabe. Les règles de préseance autres membres du Synode, faut dire que les choses spirituelles furent scrupuleusement observées. généralement des membres du intéressent tous les libanais au plus Chaque invité avait un siège qui lui clergé en tenue de clergymen noir haut niveau alors qu'à titre de com- était particulièrement réservé. Les accompagnés de quelques laics et paraison un synode mondial convo- évêques membres de droit du enfin au fond les experts du Synode qué par l'Eglise catholique elle Synode étaient installés au milieu formés en grande majorité de laïcs. même n'occupe que quelques lignes de la salle avec leur calottes rouges dans la presse internationale. Sur la romaines et turbans. Sur le premier Ce Synode se tient à un moment où tribune était installé le Patriarche rang étaient installés les observa- les chrétiens libanais souffrent de ce Maronite Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir teurs de différentes communautés qui est communément appelé entouré des membres du Comité chrétiennes et non-chrétiennes Ihbatt, c'est à dire désespoir car ils organisateur, des membres du libanaises car l'Eglise maronite pensent - à tort ? que la guerre secrétariat général et du président entend bien jouer la transparence libanaise et l'accord de Taif ont

48 NNU SPIRIT réduit leur pouvoir et leur rôle dans pères du Synode comprennent: l'i- liens d'amitié furent tissés entre les le Liban de l'après-guerre. En outre, dentité de l'Eglise syriaque antiochi- participants de tout horizon et de depuis le début de la guerre au enne maronite, sa mission tout bord. Les textes étaient ensuite Liban, les maronites - et les chré- oecuménique, ses relations avec fournis aux experts pour un plus tiens en général - durent faire face à l'Islam et le monde arabe, l'Eglise et ample analyse. En effet, des des attaques remarquablement la politique, le rôle social et amendements aux textes originaux orchestrées de dénigrement visant à économique de l'Eglise. Les autres furent soumis au vote à la fin de la les affaiblir par tout les moyens mil- thèmes principaux comprennent première session du synode. Plus itaires, politiques, médiatiques, l'Eglise et la terre et les médias. de 120.000 photocopies furent réal- économiques, culturels… Au plan L'émigration eut droit à un intérêt isées. En outre, plus de 30.000 per- régional, de grands bouleverse- particulier durant près de deux sonnes visitèrent le site du Synode ments sont à prévoir depuis l'occu- jours. sur le Web. pation récente de l'Irak par l'armée En outre, l'organisation des travaux A la fin de cette première partie du américaine. En outre, la feuille de du synode était exemplaire. Ainsi, Synode, un lineamente, c'est un route, sorte de plan au nom bizarre résumé concilaire des textes imaginé par les américains adoptés qui devrait s'en pour tenter de résoudre le suivre. Il sera distribué à conflit israélo-palestinien qui toutes les communautés dure depuis près d'un siècle, The truth which makes men free is for maronites au Liban et à l'é- se transforme de jour en jour the most part the truth which men tranger pour d'amples dis- en une véritable déroute. prefer not to hear. Herbert Agar, cussions. Les commentaires De mémoire de maronites, devront être remis avant la jamais on n'entendit des co- Time for Greatness, 1942. tenue de la seconde session réligionnaires s'exprimer en du Synode prévue pour autant de langues diverses; octobre 2004. certains ont évoqué une nou- It is by the goodness of God in our Que peut-on conclure velle Pentecôte. En effet, les country that we have those three après cette première ses- maronites d'Amérique du sion du Synode? Tout Sud s'exprimaient en espag- unspeakably precious things: freedom d'abord rappelons que nol et en portugais, ceux du l'Esprit Saint travaille au Canada s'exprimaient en of speech, freedom of conscience, and sein de l'Eglise par des français, ceux des Etats-Unis - the prudence never to practise either of voies souvent impénétra- les plus en vue - s'expri- bles. Ensuite, les membres maient en anglais et enfin les them. Mark Twain, Following the du Synode ont examiné maronites du Moyen Orient Equator, 1897. pour la première fois et d'Afrique s'exprimaient en depuis belle lurette les arabe classique. Les divers problèmes auxquels étaient membres représentants de la confrontés l'Eglise maronite diaspora maronite s'exprimaient après la lecture par un évêque prési- et par la même toutes les Eglises dans leur langue natale sans accent dent de séance d'un résumé du doc- d'Orient dans une atmosphère de et en toute aisance. Et pour la pre- ument conciliaire, la discussion était sérénité et de sérieux. Enfin, beau- mière fois la prière maronite du par- ouverte. Chaque intervenant - dont coup nourissent l'espoir de voir le don spécifique à l'Eglise maronite, le l'intervention était acceptée d'a- plus rapidement possible un plan Houssoyo de Saint Maroun vieille de vance par le secrétariat - avait droit d'action qui concrétiserait les réso- plusieurs siècles, de devenir une à huit minutes exactement pour lutions du Synode. réalité: " Et parce que Maroun avait exprimer son point de vue. Cette autorité sur les corps et les âmes… règle fut scrupuleusement observé. En conclusion, maintes proposi- beaucoup furent amenés à le suivre: Il a En effet, le micro était automatique- tions ont été suggérées durant ces été oint comme le père d'un grand peu- ment déconnecté à la fin de ces pré- trois semaines d'intenses échanges ple, une nation rassemblé de plusieurs cieuses minutes. Beaucoup de sug- et de dialogue. Nous en for- nations." Ainsi, ceux qui cherchaient gestions de grande valeur furent mulerons deux supplémentaires: la à avilir cette Eglise millénaire en exprimés au cours de ces trois tenue de la deuxième partie du furent pour leur compte: l'Eglise semaines de débats et d'échanges. Synode au couvent de Louaizé et la maronite est devenu universelle. Si Ces interventions permirent de se modification de son nom pour qu'il le grain de sénevé ne meure il ne rendre compte des talents devienne "Le Second Synode peut produire des fruits… immenses que possède l'Eglise Libanais." N maronite. De plus, de puissants Les principaux sujets étudiés par les

NNU SPIRIT 49 THE LEBANESE IN GUADELOUPE ”THE ISLAND OF BEAUTIFUL WATERS”

ADAPTED FROM THE STUDY BY GUITA G. HOURANI Researcher, The Lebanese Emigration Research Center (LERC), NDU.

Guadeloupe is in fact an archipel- Bazoun in Northern Lebanon ebanese began arriving in the ago of islands. The main island of passed by Guadeloupe on his way Caribbean (Antilles, West L Guadaloupe resembles a butterfly in Indies) in the second part of the to the Dominican Republic. Missing shape and is made up of Grande- nineteenth century, part of a much his boat to the Dominican Republic Terre and Basse-Terre. larger migration from the Near East and lacking money, he went to a to the Americas almost entirely from church and sold what he had with Mount Lebanon. Many Lebanese First Lebanese Settlement on him, rosaries, crosses, holy pictures, migrants were small landowners or the Island etc. This seemed profitable to Debs, tenant farmers, who soon developed who returned to Lebanon, bought entrepreneurial and commercial According to Challita Torbay, a more such articles and returned to skills. When the Lebanese first Lebanese from Niha who emigrated Guadeloupe to sell them. He did so arrived in Guadeloupe in 1870, it to Guadeloupe in 1948, oral history twice before making the island his was a prosperous French colony. of the Lebanese community of permanent home. He began to Guadeloupe has it that "in c. 1870 a bring over members of his clan and The Lebanese were not unknown to person of the Debs family from village."(1) the islanders, for in 1860 they heard from their French priests and their Guadeloupe in Brief newspapers about the massacres in Location: America, the Antilles Mount-Lebanon, and about "French protection and defense" of the Latitude/Longitude 16º 15N, 61º 35W Christians and sent funds to aid the Land Area: 1 780 sq km sufferers. Composition: Archipelago of islands The Island of Guadeloupe Division: Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre and the islands of: Marie-Galante, La Desirade, Les Saintes, Saint Barthelemy, la Petite Christopher Columbus landed on Terre, and the French part of the island the island in 1493 and named it of Saint-Martin. Saint-Mary of Guadeloupe in honor of Notre Dame of Guadeloupe in Capital City Basse-Terre Spain. It became a stopover on the Population: 435,739 (July 2002 estimate) route to Spain's new territories. Religion: Mainly Catholic Abandoned by the Spanish in 1604, Languages: French and Creole Patois it became a French colony in 1635. After several occupations by the Political & Administrative Status: A French Overseas Department British, with the signing of the Money: Euro Treaty of Paris the island became Economic activities: Agriculture and Tourism French territory. The British occu- National product: GDP $3.8 billion (1993 estimate) pied it again from 1810 to 1816, but the Treaty of Vienna restored it per- manently to France. (1) Personal interview, April 18th, 2003, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe.

50 NNU SPIRIT Economic Activities of the First gether, including children under 15 Emigrants and those of mixed marriages. Integration into local society and intermarriage with the French was Arriving with little or no money, easier for Lebanese than for Syrians Lebanese emigrants sold dry goods, due to their greater contact with supplied by an urban wholesaler, European missionaries and French from village to village and door to culture. The census found that 99 door. Torbay worked in this way were traders, 3 peddlers, 3 dress- even in 1948, selling such items as makers, 3 foremen and 2 mechanics. perfume, combs, and cloth. He used 164 had come from Bazoun, 2 from to set up his merchandise on Hasroun, 31 from Niha, 6 from Saturdays, which were the paydays, Zghorta and 13 from Barsa. before the sugar factories. During weekdays, he would tour the island Status of the Lebanese (4) in his car and sell door to door. Emigrants in the Island Many Lebanese worked in this way to pay back some fellow-country- The first Lebanese were subjects of man who had brought them to the the Ottoman Empire, those of the Torbay describes his journey from island and perhaps supplied them second wave protégés of France Lebanon in 1948, which did not dif- with merchandise, to send money under the French Mandate of fer from that of his predecessors. He home and often to save capital to set Lebanon, and those of the third sailed from Beirut to Marseille, a trip up business for themselves. that took ten days. From there he wave citizens of the new Republic went via Paris to Le Havre and sailed The first census of families from the of Lebanon. This was not only con- on the Colombie to Guadeloupe, Levant, i.e., persons with Ottoman fusing to the authorities in which took twelve days. The total or Turkish nationality in Guadeloupe, but also to the cost was 200 Lebanese pounds. Guadeloupe, dates back to 1917. Lebanese themselves, who were The Lebanese and Syrians were reg- undergoing an acute "identity crisis" Lebanese emigrants to Guadeloupe, istered as Turks, with "Syrian" in and had continuously to prove their like so many others, drew others parenthesis. In the Grande-Terre, 97 loyalty to their new country. from their family and village. Torbay persons including children formed Following the Treaty of Lausanne, went to Guadeloupe because "a per- 25 homes, most of which were in particularly article 34, the subjects of son from Bazoun brought a friend of Pointe-à-Pitre, the principal city of the late Ottoman Empire had two his from Niha by the name of Hanna the island. 19 were traders, one a years in which to choose their (John) Francis. Hanna in turn grocer, one a doctor, and two labor- nationality; otherwise they would brought a member of his village ers. 20 families came from Bazoun. retain their original nationality i.e. Niha by the name of Constantine Some of the Lebanese of Turkish. One person by the name of Khalil. The latter brought Georges Guadeloupe came directly from Georges Feigelonne of Pointe-à- (2) Haykel, who brought me." Torbay Lebanon, but some had come from Pitre, about 15 from Martinique and later brought the only two members Haiti, the USA, Paris or Venezuela. 48 from the territory of Guyanne of his immediate family - his mother It was common to have one brother opted for Lebanese citizenship, but (3) and brother. or first cousin in one country and most, not only in Guadeloupe but others in another country, making it also in other Lebanese immigrant According to the census of 1944, the possible to have commercial links communities, did not do so out of first Lebanese actually registered as and to move fairly easily from one fears about the uncertain political arriving in the island (in 1890), was country to another, hence, the mobili- situation in their homeland and Dora Frangy, wife of Gitany Elie, fol- ty of the Lebanese community. about losing their status in their lowed by Suzanne Karam, widow of new home. Elie Sebat in 1897. Dates show that The 1917 census found five Lebanese followed in steady succes- Lebanese families in the Basse- La Démocratie Sociale of October 3, sion. Terre, numbering twenty-five indi- 1935, published under the title La viduals, mostly aged under forty. Question Syrienne that "in These formed the Caram (Karam), Guadeloupe, the Syrians and the Jean, Georges, Gitany and Ebleuran. Lebanese are not at all persecuted. families. This census gave 123 indi- Active and prudent traders, they (2) Ibid. viduals for all Guadaloupe, mostly have made their place in the sun…. (3) Ibid. children. By 1944 there were 161 Having arrived with their suitcases (4) Ibid. adults, and 333 individuals alto- on their back, they now own shops

NNU SPIRIT 51 and cars…. They are also unani- new regulations gave citizenship only a few works. His promotion mous in thanking the country for its particularly to those who had long and modernization of the hospitality…." left the Near East and settled on the Guadeloupian music was irreplace- Their success prompted other mer- island. able. chants to complain and demand a Emigration to Guadeloupe revived Jean Sarkis, was a successful busi- ban on peddling and on shops during the war in Lebanon (1975- nessman and the representative of opening on Sundays. This opposi- 1990). Most of the new Lebanese the Lebanese and Syrian communi- tion increased when the Levantines immigrants were Christians. They ties to the French and were under scrutiny due to the had difficulty obtaining their resi- Guadeloupian authorities prior to popularity of the Syrian Popular dence cards and getting status as the independence of both Lebanon Party (PPS), which called for unifi- foreign traders. In 1981, a law was and Syria. He played an indispens- cation of the Near East and the passed to regulate their status while able role in dialogue and as negotia- island of Cyprus under the "Syrian awaiting naturalization. The tor. In 1977 he received the Order of Nation". All those favoring this party Lebanese remain a distinct ethnic Merit from the French Government. were suspected as spies or traitors. group, not often marrying outside Charles Gabriel was General it. They have strong families and But the declaration of World War II Counselor to the Mayor of Sainte- continue to cherish Lebanese music prompted the Lebanese Rose in the 1950s. Raphael Khoury and cuisine but have little organiza- Guadeloupian community to sup- was General Counselor and tion. Clubs and associations have port the French war effort, even to Assistant to the Mayor of Pointe-à- been short-lived. open a subscription for it. Twenty- Pitre, 1970-1980. Antoine Karma six people contributed no less than Success of the Lebanese of was President of the Regional Fr. 300,000. La Démocratie Sociale of Council of Guyanne in the 1990s. October 21, 1939 warmly congratu- Guadeloupe Nicole Sarkis was World Champion lated "Jean Sarkis and all those who in Karate after holding the title of Emigration demands courage, par- have contributed and who with this Champion of France for many ticularly for the pioneers. These unselfish gesture have proved their years. The Sarkis and Haikal fami- emigrants struggled hard and long affection and attachment to France." lies both played an important role to be accepted in their new home. However, when Lebanon and Syria in Guadeloupe, particularly in com- They succeeded through their own gained their independence, the merce. Georges Haikal was named resilience, intelligence, hard work immigrants became foreigners and the first consul of Lebanon. Today, and perseverance to make a place there was a ban on their peddling the Lebanese community in for themselves in commerce, poli- which reduced many to poverty Guadeloupe remains mostly one of tics, culture and social circles. All until in 1945 Governor Bertaut merchants, but among the new deserve recognition for they earned legalized it again. But those who in generation we find doctors, sur- it through hard work. However, the 30s had opted for Lebanese or geons, lawyers administrators and some demand special mention. Syrian nationality were obliged to professors. obtain a trading permit and difficul- Camille Jabbour founded the news- ties were put in their way. In 1952 paper Match and left his imprint on Conclusion the Lebanese counted as foreigners the political and sports life of numbered 166. The census of 1954 Guadeloupe. At the request of his The Lebanese of Guadeloupe, counted only 112. The restrictions friends in Paris, François Mitterrand although only five thousand strong, no doubt prompted emigration and André Rousselet, he founded a now occupy an important place in from the island either toward the local section of the Union the economic and social life of the homeland or to other more favor- Démocratique et Socialiste de la island. The pioneer emigrants did able countries. Résistance (UDSR), Mitterrand's not exceed two hundred but family party. Jabbour wrote an autobiogra- ties increased their number and Naturalization for the remaining phy entitled 35 Ans de souvenirs, helped in making them a significant Lebanese was not easy, particularly published by Guadeloupe Editions economic power. When we see the since the political climate was con- in 1981. success of the present descendents, tinuously changing and since they we find it hard to imagine the were also at the mercy of the mood Henri Debs occupied a major place valiant epic of the first arrivals. of the administrative personnel in in music in the island; playing sev- Their memory lives in this and the island. However, those who eral instruments. In the 1950s, he other records in honor of them. were born in Guadeloupe and had founded his own orchestra and reached the legal age of 21 had the club. In 1958, he became a producer Those requiring detailed sources of right under the law of August 10, and was behind the great success of information may apply to Ms. 1927 to obtain French citizenship Les Aiglons, Typical Combo, Tania Guita Hourani, LERC, NDU - Ed. and took advantage of this. In 1950, Saint-Val and Zouk Machine, to name

52 NNU SPIRIT THE ART OF UNARMED COMBAT

By Joe Chamma, Astronomy Club

Have you ever been in a situation previous troubles, having skills and ing and arm-lock techniques. where you found yourself unex- techniques to defend myself when Atemiwaza includes techniques of pectedly involved in a street fight, attacked. Many Judo techniques kicking or striking certain parts of or been bullied, and not known depend on a contestant's yielding to the body, causing injury, paralysis how to protect yourself? In a world an opponent's attack until the right or even death, but these are taught like ours anything can happen. I moment to riposte. With the right only to advanced and mature stu- myself have always been interested "gentle" methods, a skilled person dents to complete the education in the martial arts from an early age. may defeat a heavier and stronger and for use only in extreme emer- Situations such as those I have just opponent. gencies; they are strictly forbidden described have happened to me, in free play or in contests. ones in which I had no clue about The techniques fall into three the secrets of self-defence. groups: (1) nagewaza, techniques of In the days of old, all these tech- throwing, (2) katamewaza, techniques were used by travellers, par- The "gentle way", Judo as it is ticularly unarmed Buddhist monks, known, is a sport which teaches a niques of control by immobilisation, and (3) atemiwaza, techniques of in the Far East, mainly China, Japan person balance, leverage and tim- and Korea, to defend themselves ing in order to pin or throw an striking. The nagewaza group includes dozens of basic throws that against wild animals or robbers. opponent. Such a sport may be There was considerable develop- practised for exercise, relaxation are classified according to the part of the body used; there are hand ment around the mid-fifteenth cen- and finally for self-protection. As a tury. quiet and gentle person I have cho- throws, hip throws, leg sweeps, and side and back throws. Katamewaza sen Judo because it suits my physi- Judo was developed from Jujitsu, includes on-the-mat methods of cal personality, whereas others may an ancient form of combat practised feel more aggressive and choose control by pinning down or apply- by the Japanese feudal warrior Karate or Tae Kwan-do. ing choke-holds or arm-locks; but class, the samurai, for use when players must be at least 13 years old their weapons were struck from Had I started Judo much earlier, I with several years' practice behind their hands. In 1882, a certain would have had a solution to my them before being taught the chok- young Japanese by the name of

NDU Judo instructor Anwar Mortimer surrounded by his class of advanced black belts and Katame waza, pinning down. Joe Chamma, we hope future black belt.

NNU SPIRIT 53 Jigoro Kano, later to become an emi- A class is given in a room called a nent educator, founder of several dojo, the floor of which is covered by universities and member of the mats called tatami. The class starts Senate with the rank of Prince, trans- and ends with a simple ceremony formed Jujitsu from a violent according to a strict etiquette, with method of combat into a sport that all present sitting correctly and per- he called Judo. He adopted the best techniques of Jujitsu, eliminating the forming ceremonial bows. There are dangerous ones, and adapting them warming-up exercises to give sup- so that they would no longer cause pleness and strength and to elimi- harm in friendly play. Kano organ- nate risk of sprains or injury. ised the techniques into an orderly Instruction is given by a qualified system and established strict rules teacher known as sensei. As well as and etiquette. He intended Judo to study of techniques there is free play be not merely a sport or a means of called randori, which may be com- self-defence, but above all an educa- pared to sparring in boxing. tion and mental and moral disci- pline. In point of fact, life holds many sur- The first thing that one learns in prises. Anybody might come up to Judo is how to fall in any direction, you wanting to start a fight. What even on a hard surface, without would you do? Have you the skills injuring oneself. Then the student, needed to defend yourself against A five-year old learns osoto gari, throwing his partner or judoka, learns some of the tech- such people? Certainly one day you onto his back. Special thanks are due to Studio Arabesque will slip and have a fall; have you the in Jounieh for encouraging youthful participation in niques. As he advances in knowl- Judo. edge and skill, he is examined by his reflexes to fall without being hurt? instructor, and if successful advances in grade and wears a belt Dr. Kano proposed two slogans for of the appropriate colour. Beginners Judo, Maximum efficiency with mini- wear a white belt and then pass to mum effort and Mutual welfare and yellow, orange, green, blue and benefit. For him the principal pur- (The Sports Office of NDU brown. For the grades of black belt pose of practising Judo was to build will provide information judoka are examined by a committee a strong character so as to be able to for those in NDU wishing of the Federation. They may then do good in the world. I hope that to practise Judo - Ed.) follow special classes to be instruc- you will all learn to be ready for the tors or referees at tournaments and unexpected and be able to look after championships. yourselves.

LIFE IN OUR LEBANON (TRUE)

At a reception cocktail, a certain lady served herself generously to rice, lamb, vegetables, pizzas, man'oushes, kibbe, sausage rolls, nammoura, cakes and baqlawa. She then went up to the drinks counter and complained: "Haven't you got any diet Pepsi?" Monsieur Pierre, pastry chef and maître d'hôtel

54 NNU SPIRIT SOMETHING for your GREYmatter

CLUES

Across:

1. bone weakness 9. close by 10. conveyance 12. exercise (a trade) 14. mountain beasts of burden 16. petition (v.) 17. wear black 19. tie-on label Down: 20. popular princess 21. depart 1. new NDU building 21. state of matter 23. possessing preternatural powers (two words, 8 and 4 letters) 26. music and haircut 22. perform surgery 2. fish home 27. diocese 3. black, sticky substance 23. animal enclosure 29. Elvis swing 4. mistake 24. shepherd's stick 30. utility 5. on-stage production 31. martial arts degree 25. team game with sticks 6. stink 32. for the foot 26. tricks 7. drink little by little 33. alternatively 8. declares 28. auditory organ 34. comfortable corner 35. theatrical music 11. stopper for speech 32. thus 13. insulate hot-water pipes, tarry 37. enthusiastic, sharp 34. total lack 38. tableware of one pattern 15. glue (v) 39. serial start 18. not an aye 35. no more than 40. shout 20. Richard (familiar) 36. concerning

NNU SPIRIT 55 SOLUTIONS TO THE CROSSWORD IN ISSUE 27 Across: 15. solar 27. sin 38. reap Down: 10. via 24. knew 17. P.T. 29. Diomede 41. Eva 11. Alps 27. male deer 1. swimming 18. tap 30. tread 42. fro Sports complex 12. ark 28. irises 6. game 20 ink 31. new 43. Lo (...and 2. mill 13. episode 34. iron 8. moat 21. science 32. air behold!) 3. imps 16. aneroid 36. oar 9. oval 23. ask 33. did 44. Xmas 4. no 19. winner 37. eft 12. ate 25. C.O. 35. legs 45. rot 5. Gaelic 22. nodded 39. ale 14. rill 26. yon 36. ode 46. need 7. aft 23. Ayende 40. pod

SOLUTIONS TO CROSSWORD IN THIS ISSUE

40. yell 40. 6. reek 6. mourn 17. 22. operate 22. dan 31. 36. re 36.

5. play 5. ask 16. 21. gas 21. use 30. 39. one 39. 35. only 35.

4. error 4. yaks 14. 20. Dick 20. rock 29.

34. none 34. 38. set 38.

3. tar 3. ply 12. 18. nay 18. see 27. 32. so 32.

37. keen 37.

2. sea 2. carriage 10. 15. stick 15. rap 26.

28. ear 28.

35. opera 35.

Dorm near 9. 13. lag 13. psychic 23. 26. ruses 26.

34. nook 34.

1. On-Campus 1. osteoporosis 1. 11. gag 11. go 21. 25. hockey 25.

33. or 33.

8. says 8. Di 20. 24. crook 24.

Down: Across:

7. sip 7. tag 19. 23. pen 23. sock 32.

FIRST AID PUZZLE SOLUTION

Emergency call for the Red Cross!! The ambulance answers the call and that! as simple

drives off to the scene of the accident. Suddenly the vehicle gets a flat as It's wheel. each on screws three

tyre. While the wheel is being changed, all four screws are lost. What with away drive and wheels other

can be done in a hurry? the from screw one use medics the When putting on the spare wheel, spare the on putting When Dedicated to all volunteers of the Lebanese Red Cross and the NDU First Aid Club, by Joe Chamma.

"God is a comedian playing to an audience too afraid to laugh." Voltaire (1694-1778)

Tradition means giving votes to the most obscure of all classes, our ancestors. It is the democracy of the dead. G.K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy, 1908.

Here richly, with ridiculous display, The Politician’s corpse was laid away. While all his acquaintance sneered and slanged I wept: for I had longed to see him hanged. Hilaire Belloc, Epitaph on the Politician Himself, 1923.

56 NNU SPIRIT REVIEW LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL LVL„§ZJL BOOK

Fear and Anxiety in the Arab World

Michel G. Nehme

"A fascinating study of the role of fear and anxiety in shap- In addition, Nehme takes issue with many assumptions that ing Middle Eastern political behavior". - Monte Palmer, pro- have gone unquestioned by Western experts. He argues, for fessor emeritus, Florida State University example, that the idea that Islamic culture can be explained Michel Nehme is the first to argue that a little-discussed as a "shame cultre" in which individual behavior is guided aspect of Arab society and government - the fear that is by external cirticism overlooks the role of guilt in the cul- both used as a weapon by government and felt by the peo- ture. He also challenges the notion that Middle Eastern ple - has created some of the region's most deep-seated populations are alienated from their political leaders. problems and hindered the development and growth of Instead, he contends that Arab governments are sometimes the Arab people. He maintains that collective fear and anx- intimately involved in the society's day-to-day existence and iety play major roles in the continuing political and social that people have come to feel dependent on a central but disorder of the Middle East. often unknown force. The resulting anxiety leads them to fear those outside the system and, for women especially, to Nehme shows that fear and anxiety are commonplace con- experience a general lack of freedom. cepts, and they keep us alert and socially engaged as individuals. Collectively, however, these emotions are danger- Written by a mature Arab scholar intimately familiar with ous, fueling the violence at loose in the Middle East today. the complexities of his society and with the rigors of psy- With examples drawn from the World Trade Center tragedy choanalytical theory, this book creates a bridge that links and its aftermath, Nehme explores how fear affects broad the study of psychology, sociology, and politics and sheds political concerns, such as the peace negotiations between fresh light on issues related to identity, nationalism, cul- the Arabs and Israelis, as well as matters of daily life: whole ture, and leadership in general and in the Middle East in generations now grow up without a sense of safety, with- particular. out trust, and without hope that a decent life in the current political environment is possible. Michel G. Nehme is dean of the faculty of political science, public administration, and diplomacy at Notre Dame University in Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon. He has published articles in many journals, including Middle Eastern Studies, British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, and Nationalism and Ethnic Politics.

NNU SPIRIT 57