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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN LUIS VALDEZ’S LOS VENDIDOS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ELFRIDA S. PUTRIE Student Number: 084214116 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2012 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN LUIS VALDEZ’S LOS VENDIDOS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ELFRIDA S. PUTRIE Student Number: 084214116 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2012 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI WHAT FIFTY SAID When I was young my teachers were the old. I gave up fire for form till I was cold. I suffered like a metal being cast. I went to school to age to learn the past. Now when I am old my teachers are the young. What can't be molded must be cracked and sprung. I strain at lessons fit to start a suture. I got to school to youth to learn the future. -Robert Frost- Reality is a product of our dreams, decisions, and actions- Anonymous iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I dedicated this thesis to My beloved Mom and Dad For All the Love and Support Given to Me v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am so joyful that finally I can pass my study in Sanata Dharma University. I can go through these years in Sanata Dharma because of the support people surround me. First of all, I want to send my deepest gratitude to Jesus Christ for His blessing and guidance to me every time. Because of His kindness I finally finish my study. I also want to show my gratitude to Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M. Hum. as my advisor who is patient while teaching me. I thank for her time, books and knowledge that she gave me. It is also because of her corrections and advice that this thesis can get better. I also send my gratitude to Maria Ananta Tri Suryandari, S.S., M.Ed. for her corrections, advice, and support for me. I also want to thank to my academic advisor, Linda Valentina Budiman, S.S., M.Hum. My next gratitude goes to my family, my mom, dad and also my younger sister and little brother. They are the most important persons in my life. Because of their supports and love, I can finish this thesis. I want to give a bunch of thanks to all of my friends in Sanata Dharma University from English Letters 2008 for Daniel, Topan, and Ajeng who gave many suggestions for me. I also thank to Rania, Yeyen, Momon, Vita, Acen, Lando, Cella, Teteh, Blesta, Rinrin, Save, Diana, for our unforgettable moments we spent together. Thanks to Metodius Helfi for lending me his printer, it helped me so much, and for his support for me. I also want to give my special thanks to Cana Community, San’t Egidio, and Mudika Mrican for every chances, lessons, and experiences. I had many new vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI experiences with them. For ‘GREASE’ team, Miss Dewi, Miss Linda, Miss Tata, Ce Cita and Mbak Dela, thanks for letting me joined this incredible play performance. And last but not least, I give my gratitude to mbak Anna Marsiana for her support and opportunities given to me to learn many things. Thank you! Elfrida S. Putrie vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ............................................................................ iii MOTTO PAGE ........................................................................................ iv DEDICATION PAGE ............................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................ viii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. x ABSTRAK ................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study .......................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulations ............................................................... 4 C. Objectives of the Study ............................................................. 5 D. Definition of Terms ................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ......................................... 7 A. Review of Related Studies ........................................................ 7 B. Review of Related Theory ........................................................ 9 1. Theories of Character and Characterization .................. 9 2. Theories of Racial Discrimination ................................ 11 C. Review on Discrimination Experienced by Mexican American 15 D. Theoretical Framework ............................................................. 19 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 21 A. Object of the Study ................................................................... 21 B. Approach of the Study .............................................................. 23 C. Method of the Study .................................................................. 24 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ................................................................... 26 A. Description of Characters ......................................................... 26 1. Farmworker ................................................................... 26 2. Johnny Pachuco ............................................................ 30 3. Revolucionario .............................................................. 33 4. Mexican American ........................................................ 36 5. Secretary ....................................................................... 39 6. Honest Sancho .............................................................. 41 B. Type of Racial Discrimination .................................................. 43 1. Situational Pressures ...................................................... 45 2. Group Gains ................................................................... 50 3. Institutional Discrimination .......................................... 53 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .............................................................. 56 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................... 59 APPENDIX ............................................................................................... 61 Summary of Luis Valdez’s Los Vendidos ......................................... 61 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT ELFRIDA S. PUTRIE. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN LUIS VALDEZ’S LOS VENDIDOS. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2012. Discrimination toward minority group still happens in many countries. The discrimination which usually occurs is racial discrimination. Racial discrimination is the attitude of oppressing someone because of the different race. In Los Vendidos, Farmworker, Johnny Pachuco, and Revolucionario are the characters that experienced racial discrimination. They are discriminated by white people because they represent the Mexican characteristics. In order to see what happens to them, there are two main objectives to achieve in this research. First is to find out all the characteristics of the characters by looking at their characterizations. Since this study is focused on the types of discrimination, the second is to identify the types of discrimination which can be seen through their characteristics. Since this analysis is going to explain the types of racial discrimination which is experienced by Mexican people, it is going to apply the socio cultural- historical approach and the theory of racial discrimination. In this analysis, all the characters, Farmworker, Johnny Pachuco, Revolucionario, Mexican American, Secretary, and Honest Sancho are the objects. The characteristics of them will be used to see the types of discrimination. The result of this analysis shows that Farmworker, Johnny Pachuco, and Revolucionario are described as typical Mexican people. Farmworker is less educated, strong, and durable. Johnny Pachuco reveals the typical Mexican gangster who always bring knife, consumes drugs, and steals. Meanwhile, Revolucionario is described as a strong, courageous, and tough. The different description is about Eric Garcia, the Mexican American. He is well educated, can speak English fluently, and polite. Although he is a Mexican, but he has characteristics as a white people. Furthermore, Secretary is a Mexican American girl that chooses to be more like white people, and decide to discriminate Mexican people. Secretary experienced the first type of discrimination,