i : THE JESUIT ORDER,

OR

An Infallible , who "being dead, yet speaketlf about the Jesuits,

BY

REV. J. J. ROY, B.A.,

Rector of St. George's Church, Winnipeg, to Father Drummond of the Jesuit Order, at St. Boniface Coeeege, Manitoba.

acasTTEirsrTS-

(1) Rev. J. J. Roy's Sermon of March 10th, 1889, (verbatim).

(2) Father Drummond's letter to the Free Press of February 26, 1889.

(3) The Brief of Pope Clement XIV., " Noster," published July 21st, 1773, suppressing the Jesuit Order in perpetuity.

(4) An article by Professor Bertolini, from an article in the Nuova Ontologia of

Rome, Italy, Nov. 1 886, on Clement XIV. and the Suppression of the Jesuits.

" (5) An array of facts from the pen of a learned professor that may irritate dis- honest foes."

(6) A list of wholesome books about the .

(7) Resolutions and Petition to the Governor-General-in-Council re Jesuits' Estate Act.

FOR SALE AT EVERY BOOK STORE.

PRICE 15 CENTS.

— '' Winnipeg Sun, March 11, 1889 : Si. George's Church was packed to the doors, windows and

ante-rooms, last night by an eager audience, to hear the Rev. J. J. Boy preach a sermon on the Jesuit question, and before the hour at which service begins crowds were turned away, unable even to secure a place to listen in the porches. The sermon was a very interesting and deep refutation of Father Drummond's letter to the Free Press, with iihe Pope's t>rief." — THE JESUIT ORDER, OR

An Infallible Pope, who " being dead, speaketh" about the Jesuits.

A REPLY Sir,—I have no intention to make a long de- fence of the Order of Jesuits to which I belong. By the Rev. J. J. Roy, B.A., Rector of St- For my friends who have read history aright, no is George's Church, Winnipeg, Manitoba such defence needed ; for my foes that are hon- est, study would dispel their ignorance for dis- to Father Drummond, of the Jesuit ; honest foes an array of facts would only irritate Order at St. Boniface College, Man- them. ********* We are the itoba. sons of well-known Canadians, sprung from fam- ilies famous for their loyalty. We work for our CONTENTS : country's best interests with no earthly reward, but 1. Sermon by Rev. J. J. Roy, March 10th, our food and raiment. Our whole lives are de- 1889. voted to religion, and religion is the best bulwark of loyalty. We are, therefore, justified in chal- 2. Father Drummond's letter to the " Free lenging any one to prove that the Jesuit Order has Press" of Feb. 26th, 188!). ever favored disloyalty to any legitimate govern- 3. The Brief of Clement XIV.: « Dominus ment. ac Redemptor Noster," published July "Our Order was re-established (not re-created) after partial This order is doing 21st, 1773, suppressing the Jesuit Or- a suppression. very much earnest work in teaching and preaching. der in perpetuity. It is not, above all, a useless secret society whose 4. An Article—by Professor Bertolini only purpose is to brag and bluster about loyalty, From an article in the and consign the Pope to eternal flames." Nuova Anto- ; logia of , Italy, Nov., 1886. Lewis Drummond, S. J.

St. Boniface, . 25th. 5. An Array of facts about the Jesuits, Feb j from the pen of a learned Professor, The Jesuit has thrown the gauntlet, we that may " irritate dishonest foes." pick it up and accept the challenge. But 6. A list of wholesome books on the So- so as to avoid litigation and libel suits, ciety of Jesuits. and keep close to the text, we must speak 7. Resolutions and Petition to Governor- the language of " Infallibility." None but General-in-Council, re Jesuits' Estates are infallibles. So we must let the Act. Jesuits settle the controversy with the Pope himself. SERMON THE POPE. The Jesuit has thrown the gauntlet, let Preached by the Rev. J. J. Roy, B.A., in the Pope pick it up, and we ignorant, pro- St. George's Church, Winnipeg, on testant libellers take the position of passive

Sunday evening, March 10th, being spectators ! the first Sunday in Lent, 1889. SUMMARY OF THE PAPAL BRIEF. THE TEXT. On July 21, 1773, appeared the famous My beloved brethren, my text is taken brief of Pope Clement XIV., suppressing in part from Hebrews 11:4, and reads thus: the Society of Jesus. " An Infallible Pope, who, though "being This remarkable document opens by cit- dead yet speaketh" about the Jesuits. ing a long series of precedents for the sup- I will endeavor, brethren, to keep closely pression of religious orders by the Holy to my text—but, so as to avoid litigation See. It then sketches briefly the objects and libel suits, I will use as few words as and history of the Jesuits themselves. It possible of my own, and speak in the Ian- speaks of their defiance of their own con- guage of infallible authority. stitution, expressly revived by Paul V.,

forbidding them to meddle in politics ; of FATHER DRUMMOND. the great ruin to souls caused by their " In the Free Press," of Winnipeg, Feb. quarrels with local and the other 26th, 1889, I have seen many things about religious orders; their conformity to the Jesuits, but I quote the following only, heathen usages in the East, and the dis- as the rest does not bear on the text. turbances resulting in persecutions of the church which they had stirred up even in resolution, which we will explain further countries, so that several Popes on, we have spared no trouble nor omitted had been obliged to punish them. Seeing any research, whereby we might thorough- then that the Catholic sovereigns had been ly acquaint ourselves with everything that forced to expel them, that many bishops concerned the origin, the progress, and the and other eminent persons demanded their actual state of the religious order common- extinction, and that the Society had ceased ly known as the Society of Jesus. to fulfil the intention of its institute, the We have ascertained that it had been Pope declares it should be suppressed, ex- established by its sainted founder for the tinguished, abolished, and abrogated for of souls, for the conversion of the ever, with all its rights, houses, colleges, heretics, and especially of the infidels, and schools, and hospitals ; transfers all the au- for the furtherance of piety and religion. thority of its general or officers to the local We have also ascertained that in order reception of any more to attain this desired result more easily bishops ; forbids the and novices, directing that such that were more successfully, the Society had been actually in probation should be dismissed, consecrated to God by the strictly binding and declaring that profession in the Society vow of evangelical poverty, both for the should not serve as a title to holy orders. community and the individual member, Priests of the Society are given the option with the exception of the scholastic and ofjoining other orders or remaining as secu- literary establishments, which were allowed lar clergy, under obedience to the bishops, to possess a small revenue, so arranged, who are empowered to grant or withold however, that no part of this said revenue from them licenses to hear confessions. might be diverted from them nor appropri- Such of the fathers as are engaged in the ated for the advantage, the utility or the work of education are permitted to con- use of the said Society. tinue, on condition of abstaining from lax It was according to these and other and questionable doctrines, apt to cause equally wise laws that Paul III., our prede- strife and trouble. The question of mis- cessor, had originally given his approbation sions is reserved, and the relaxations to the Society of Jesus by his bull of Sept. granted to the Society in such matters as 27th, 1540, and had given to it permission fasting, reciting the hours and reading to draw up statutes which would ensure its heretical books are withdrawn ; while the tranquillity, its existence and its govern- brief ends with clauses carefully drawn to ment. bar any legal exceptions that might be Although, when the Society com- taken against its full validity and obliga- menced to exist, he had restricted its num- tion. (See Encyclopaedia JBritannica, Vol. ber to sixty members, still, by another bull XTIX, under Act Jesuit, by Rev. R. F. issued February 28th, 154,3, he permitted Littledale, L.L.D. The E. B. is on the the Superiors to admit into it all persons curriculum of the Manitoba University of whose reception might seem to them useful which Father Drummond is a shining and necessary. member, and where we sat together as co- Then the same Paul, our predecessor, by examiners in modern languages.) a brief dated November 15, 1549, granted very great privileges to this Society, and THE POPE HIMSELF SPEAKING. conferred upon its generals power to intro- But, so far, you have heard, brethren, duce into it twenty priests as spiritual co- only a summary of Clement's XIV. famous adjutors, and to invest them with the same brief "Dominus ac Redemptor Noster." privileges, favor and authority as the pro- I will now quote this brief as given by fessed members of the Society. He willed Cretineau Joly Histoire, religieuse, poli- and ordered that this permission should be tique et litteraire de la Compagnie de extended without any restriction and with- Jesus, Paris, Jacques Lecoffre, 1859). Cre- out limitation of number to all persons tineau Joly is a friend and apologist of the considered worthy of it by the generals. Jesuits. Further, the Society itself, all members of The brief as given, by Cretineau-Joly, it and all their property were sntirely ex- after being translated, reads as follows empt from all subjection to and jurisdic- (what C.-J. omits does not refer to the Or- tion and discipline of the bishops, and this

der of Jesus) : Pope took them under his protection and under that of the Apostolic See. THE BRIEF "DOMINUS AC REDEMPTOR As time went on our predecessors acted NOSTER." with the same munificence and liberality "Guided by these and other precedents, of towards this Society. Indeed Julius III., the utmost weight and of the highest Paul IV., Pius IV. and V., Gregory XIII., authority, and ardently desiring to carry Sixtus V., Gregory XIV, Clement VIII, into effect with assurance and decision the and other Sovereign Pontiffs either con- ;;

tinned or augmented or determined more and the salutary project which he had de- particularly the privileges previously vised vanished away and was not carried grunted to this religious community. into execution. Nevertheless, from the very tenor and Gregory XIV., of blessed memory, had wording of these , but ascended the Pontifical throne, when we learn that in the bosom of this Society, he gave anew, by his bull of June 28th, scarcely out of its cradle, yet, va/rious germs 1591, unqualified approval to the institu- tion of the society. ratified of discord omd jealousy had sprwrig up t He and con- which not only distracted its members, firmed all the privileges which had been l»ut led them to set themselves wp against granted to it Dy his predecessors, and in !}w other religious orders, against the secu- particular that of excluding and dismissing

la r clergy > the universities, the college*, the the members of this Order without any public schools, and against the very sover- judicial form, that is to say without pre- eigns who hod welcomed and admitted viously instituting any inquiry, without them into thevr U rritories, and that these drawing up any act, without observing any strifes and divisions|\vere stirred up: some- judiciary rule, nor granting any delay, times about the nature and character of though essential, but simply on investiga- the vows, the season for admitting the tion of the correctness of the fact, and only novices to take these vows, the power of taking into consideration the offence or a dismissing them, or of conferring on them sufficient reason for expulsion, the persons holy orders without a title and without and the other circumstances. Moreover, having made solemn vows,which is contrary he enjoined absolute silence, and in par- to the decisions of the and ticular forbade any person, under penalty

of Pius V., our predecessor ; sometimes, of incurring sentence of about the absolute power the General arro- thereby, to dare attack directly or in- gated to himself and other matters con- directly the institutions, the constitutions cerning the government of the Society or the of the society, or even to and sometimes, about va/rious doctrinal think of making any change in them. points, exemptions and privileges, which Nevertheless, he left to each one the right the bishops and other persons in authority of proposing and of representing, to him- deemed to interfere with their jurisdiction self alone and to the Pope his successors, and legitimate rights. In a word, there either directly, or through the Legates or

. was hardly an accusation of the most ser- of the Holy-See, anything that ious nature that was not brought up should be added, retrenched, or altered.

against this Society ; and the peace and But all these precautions could not allay tranquillity of were thereby the clamors raised against the Society, nor disturbed for a long period of time. remove the complaints made about it; on Thence arose thousands of complaints the contrary, there arose, in almost the against this religious community, which whole world, the sharpest discussions, con- complaints were laid before Paul IV., Pius cerning the doctrines of this Order, which r V ., and Sixtus V., our predcessors, upheld doctrines many claimed to be entirely by the authority of some princes. Philip opposed to Orthodox Faith and to Sound II., of illustrious memory, King of , Morals. laid before Sixtus V., our predecessor, not The very bosom of the Society of Jesus only the grave and urgent motives which itself was torn to pieces by internal and induced him to take this step, and the external dissensions; and, among the many grievances oj the S'panish Inquisitors with charges brought against that Society, regard to the excessive privileges of the there was the charge of seeking with too Society of Jesus and its form of govern- much eagerness and avidity, after the ment; but also disputed points accepted by riches oj this world. Such was the source

several members of the order, even by of these troubles, which, alas ! are but too those most noted for knowledge and piety well known, and which have caused so and he solicited this Pontiff, for the afore- much pain and grief to the Apostolic See; said reasons, to appoint an apostolic visit this also, is the reason why many sover- to this Society. eigns have been opposed to the Society. As the request and the zeal of Philip Hence, this Religious Order, wishing to seemed to be based on justice and equity, obtain from Paul V., of blessed memory, a Sixtus V. acceded to it,andnominatedasapos- new confirmation of their institutions and tolic visitor a generally known for of their privileges, was compelled to re- his prudence, his virtue and his scholarship. quest him to ratify and sanction some de- Besides this, he designated a congregation crees published in the 5 th general congre- of cardinals who were to settle these affairs gation, and inserted word for word in his with the utmost care and vigilance. But bull issued Sept. 14th, 1606. a premature death carried off Sixtus V., These decrees declare expressly that the ;

Society, assembled in general congregation, its missions or in conection with them ; or has been forced, both on account of the concerning grave dissensions and sharp con- difficulties and the strifes among its mem- tentions, which were raised by its members bers, and on account of the complaints and against the local bishops, the religious or- accusations of outsiders against it, to enact ders, the places consecrated to piety, and

the following statute : communities of every description in Europe, " Our Society, raised by God himself for Asia and America, and which entailed the the propagation of the faith and the salva- loss of souls and scandalized whole nations tion of souls, is able by the very functions or concerning the interpretation and prac- of its institutions, which are spiritual tice of certain heathen ceremonies, which weapons, successfully to attain, under the the order tolerated amd admitted in many standard of the cross, the end it has in places whilst it excluded those approved view, with usefulness'to the church and ed- by the Church Universal; or concern- ification of the people'; but, on the other ing the use and the interpretation hand, it would throw away these advan- of those maxims which the Holy tages and expose itself to the greatest dan- See has justly proscribed as scandalous ger if it occupied itself with the affairs of and obviously detrimental to sound

this world, and of those which concern tlte morals ; or finally, concerning other mat-

politics and government of states : in con- ters of the greatest importance and abso- sequence thereof our ancestors very wisely lutely necessary to preserve pure and in- decreed that in serving God we were not tact the Christian Dogmas, which matters, to meddle in affairs contrary to our pro- in this and the preceding century, have fession. But, whereas in these troublous given rise to great evils and abuses; to times our order, it may be by the fault of disturbances and seditions in many Catho- some of its members, or on account of their lic States, and even to persecutions against ambition and indiscreet zeal, is attacked the church in several countries of Asia and in many places, and is evil spoken of to Europe. All our predecessors have been sovereigns whose good will and affection grievously afflicted by this, and especially, our father Ignatius of blessed memory had Pope Innocent XL, of pious memory, who advised us to cultivate so as to be more was forced by necessity to forbid the So-

agreeable to God ; and whereas, also, the ciety from admitting novices; Innocent good name of Jesus Christ is necessary to XIII.,- who was obliged to threaten it with the bearing of fruit, the congregation has the same punishment, and also Benedict deemed it necessary to abstain from all ap- XIV., of recent memory, who ordered a pearance of evil, and to prevent as far as visitation of the houses and the colleges possible, complaints, even though based situated in the states of our beloved Son upon false suspicions. Consequently, by in Jesus Christ, the very faithful King of this present , the congregation forbids and Algarve. But afterwards all the members of the Order, under the the derived no comfort, the So- heaviest penalties, to meddle in any way ciety no help, Christendom no profit from in 'public affairs, even though they might the last Apostolical letters of Clement be invited and induced to do so for some XIII., of blessed memory, our immediate reason, and also not to depart from the in- predecessor, the which letters had been stitutions of the Society, even though (according to the expression used by Gre-

pressed and solicited to do so ; and further, gory X., our predecessor, at the oecumenical the congregation has advised the Father council of Lyon, as mentioned above) ex- to regulate with care and to pre- torted from him rather than demanded, scribe the most efficient remedies for these and in which he approves of the institu- abuses, in cases of necessity." tions of the Society of Jesus and praises it We have observed with the deepest sor- very highly. row that these remedies, as also many After so many storms, shocks and ter- others subsequently employed, have been rible tempests, the truly faithful were in neither efficient nor powerful enough to hopes, that at last the day would dawn destroy and dissipate the disturbances, which should restore calm and peace. But, the charges, and the complaints about during the Pontificate of the same Clement

this Society ; and that our other predeces- XIIL, our predecessor, the time became in- sors, Urban VIII., Clement IX., X., XI. and creasingly perplexing and stormy. In- XII., Alexander VII. and VIII., Innocent deed, the clamours and the complaints X., XI, XII. and XIII., and Benedict XIV. about the society going on increasing from have vainly endeavored to restore the desir- day to day, there arose, in some places, able tranquillity to the church by means of troubles, dissensions, very dangerous sedi- different constitutions, concerning either tions, and even scandals, which, having these temporal affairs, that the Society snapped asunder and totally annihilated ought not to have interfered in, outside of the bonds of Christian charity, enkindled in the heart of the faithful a party spirit, (Session 25, Chap. XVI., de Regular) de- hatred and enmity. The danger became clared that it did not desire to make any so imminent that those even whose piety innovation, or to prevent this religious and whose hereditary good will towards community from serving God and the the Society are widely acknowledged by Church conformably to their pious institu- all nations, namely, our beloved sons in tions approved of by the Holy See. Jesus Christ the King* of , Spain, After having then used all necessary Portugal and the two Sicilies, were forced means, helped, as we have every reason to to eject and to banish front (heir King- believe, by the presence and inspiration of doms, States and Provinces, aR the mem- the Holy Ghost ; besides this, compelled by bers of this Religious Order, being 'per- the duty of our office to do all that lies in suaded that this extreme measure was the our power to procure, to maintain and to only cure for so much evil, and the only ensure the peace and tranquillity of Chris- way to prevent Christians from provoking, tendom, and entirely to extirpate whataver and insulting and tearing one another to might endanger it, and being convinced pieces in fche very bosom of the church, that the Society ot Jesus is no longer able their mother. to bear the abundant fruit or give forth But these kings, our very dear sons in the great benefits for which it was insti- Jesus Christ, were of opinion that this tuted, and approved of by so many of the remedy could have no permanent effect, Popes, our predecessors, who had granted and be sufficient to restore peace in the to it splendid privileges, being convinced whole world, unless the Society itself were further that it was next to impossible, in- completely suppressed and abolished. deed entirely impossible, for the Church to Consequently, they made their wishes enjoy real and lasting peace while this known to Clement XIII., our predecessor, order exists, urged by such powerful mo- and unanimously requested him, with their tives, and stimulated by other reasons sug- own personal authority, prayers and en- gested to us by the law of prudence and treaties, to insure, by this efficacious means, by the wise administrations of the Univer- the perpetual tranquillity of their subjects sal Church, which is so dear to us, treading and the general welfare of the Church in the steps of our predecessors, and par- of Jesus Christ. But the unexpected death ticularly in those, which Gregory X., of this Sovereign Pontiff stopped the course our predecessor, has left us in the and prevented the realization of this mat- General Council of Lyons, for this ter. Scarcely were we, by the mercy of was an identical case of a mendi- God, raised to St. Peter's seat, but the same cant order, both as regards its insti-

prayers, requests and entreaties were made tutions and privileges ; after a mature ex- to us, and to these were added the counsels amination, with full knowledge of facts, and the supplications of a large number and with the plenitude of our apostolic of bisliops and other men eminent for their power, we suppressand we abolish the So- rank, scholarship (end piety. ciety of Jesus ; we annihilate and we ab- But, being anxious to act rightly in so rogate all and every one of its offices, grave and important a matter, we have functions and administrations, houses, taken a long time, not only for making schools, colleges, retreats, hospices and all the strictest inquiries, the most serious in- other establishments in whatever way be- vestigations, and for deliberating thereon longing to it, and in whatsoever province, with all necessary prudence, but also for kingdom or state they be situated ; all its obtaining from the Father of lights his statutes, customs, usages, decrees, constitu- special help and assistance through our tions, whether ratified by OATH and by the continual lamentations and prayers, as well approval of the Holy See or otherwise, as as through the supplications and the good well as all and every one of its privileges works of the faithful. and , either general or particular, Specially, we deemed it right to examine and it is our will that the terms of these

upon ' what foundation rests the general be considered as fully and sufficiently ex- opinion that the institutions of the Society pressed by this present document as if the of Jesus had been approved and solemnly text of them were here produced, notwith- ratified by the Council of Trent, and we standing any clause or formula which have ascertained that the order had only might be contrary to them, and whatever been mentioned therein, so as to exempt it may be the decrees and the other obliga- from the general decree, by which it was tions by which they are supported. decided, with regard to the other religious Therefore, we declare every species of orders, that after the time of the , authority, whether temporal or spiritual, of the novices could be admitted to profess, if the General, of the Provincials, of the found worthy, and if not dismissed from Visitors, annulled for ever and entirely ex-

e Society. Therefore, this same Council tinct ; and we transfer absolutely and with- 6

out any restriction the same authority and if they are attached to the Society only by the same jurisdiction to the local bishops, simple vows; and if they have taken according to circumstances and persons, and solemn vows, the time of probation shall under certain forms and conditions, to be only be six months, in virtue of the dis-

he' jinafter explained ; and we forbid by pense which we will grant for that pur-

thesepresentsthatany person soeverbehence- pose ; or else they may remain in ^the forth received into this Society or admitted world as priests and secular clerks, entire- to the novitiate or to membership. We ly subject to the authority and jurisdic- equally forbid to admit, in any way, those tion of the local bishops where they will

who already have been received to take reside ; furthermore, we order that, to simple or solemn vows, under penalty of those who thus will remain in the world, the nullity of their admission or profession, a suitable pension be assigned from the and other punishments at our discretion. revenues of the house or college they lived Moreover, we will, we order, we enjoin, in, until they are otherwise provided for, that those who are at present novices be at taking into consideration, however, the once, on the spot, immediately and really revenues of the houses and the charges at-

sent away ; and we forbid that those who tached to them. have only taken simple vows and have not But the professed members already ad- yet been initiated into any holy order, mitted to Holy Orders, who, fearing not to should be promoted thereto, either through have enough to live honestly on, either for the title and pretext of their profession or want of a pension or from its smallness, or in virtue of the privileges granted to this because of the difficulty of finding a re- Society in opposition to the decrees of the treat; or those, who because of old age and Council of Trent. infirmity, or other just and reasonable mo- But, as the end we have in view, and tive, will not deem it expedient to leave the which we ardently desire to attain, is to care houses or the colleges of the Society, these for the general well being of the Church, willremainthereoncondition that they have and the peace of the nations, and at the nothing whatever to-do with the admin-

the same time to succour and comfort every istration of these houses or colleges ; that one of the members of this Society, every they will only wear the dress of lay clerks individual of which we tenderly cherish in and be entirely subject to the local bishops. the Lord, in order that being free from We expressly forbid them to replace mis- the contests, disputes and vexations that sing members, to acquire any house or

had hitherto preyed upon them, they might property , conformably to the decrees of the more fruitfully cultivate the Lord's vine- Council of Lyons, or to alienate the houses, yard and more effectually work for the sal- the property and establishments that they vation of souls, we enact and we ordain at present possess. They may, however, that the members of this Society assemble together, in one or many houses, who have only taken simple vows, according to the number of members left, and are not yet initiated into holy so that the evacuated houses may be turn- orders, shall be released from these same ed to pious usages, in time and place, as vows, and leave their houses and colleges may seem most in conformity with the to follow up the calling which each may Holy and the will of the founders, deem most suitable to his vocation, his and most conducive to the spread of re- strength and his conscience, within a cer- ligion, the salvation of souls and public use- tain time to be fixed by the local bishops, fulness. However a secular clerk, noted for and considered sufficient to obtain an em- his prudence and good character shall be ployment or an office, or to find some bene- appointed to preside over the administra- factor willing to receive them ; the said tion of these houses, and the name of the time, however, not. to exceed one year Society shall be totally suppressed and from the date of these presents, thus, as by abolished. virtue of the privileges of this Society, We declare all the Jesuits ivho may they might be excluded from it, without have been banished from any country any other reason than that suggested to whatever, to be equally included in this the Superiors by prudence or circumstan- general suppression of the Order ; and in ces, without any previous citation, any act consequence, it is our will that these ban- being drawn up, or any judicial rule being ished Jesuits, even though raised to holy observed. orders, if they have not entered another As to those who have been raised to religious order, should, from this moment, Holy Orders, we permit them either to have no other profession but that of clerks leave their houses and colleges, and; enter and secular priests, and should be entirely some other religious order approved of by subject to the local bishops. the Holy See, where they will be on pro- If the aforesaid bishops find that those bation as prescribed by the council of Trent, who in virtue of the present brief have \ 1 passed from the Institute of the Society of nity, personnat and others, from which Jesus to the state of secular priests, are they would have been absolutely excluded men of education and good character, they in the Society by the brief of Gregory may grant to them, or refuse, at their dis- XIII., issued September 10, 1584, which cretion, permission to hear confession and begins by these words : Sat is saperque. preach, and without this authorization, We further allow them to receive retri- given in writing, not one of them shall be bution for the celebration of mass, which able to exercise these functions. However, also, was forbidden them and to enjoy the bishops or local ordinaries shall never all those gratuities and favours of which ^rant this permission, with respect to out- they were forever deprived as regular siders, to those who shall live in houses or clerks of the Society of Jesus. colleges previously belonging to the So- We likewise abrogate all the permissions ciety, and consequently we forbid them to they had obtained from the general and preach or administer to outsiders the sacra- the other superiors, in virtue of privileges ment of penance, even as Gregory X., our granted by sovereign Pontiffs, such as those predecessor, forbade it in the General Coun- of reading heretical books, and others, pro- Especially do we hibited and condemned by the Holy See cil above mentioned. ; hereby hold the bishops responsible for of not observing fast days and not ab- the execution of all these measures, advis- staining from forbidden meats on these ing them constantly to bear in mind the same days; of advancing or retarding the strict account that they one day must ren- hours fixed for reciting the Breviary and der to God of the sheep committed to their all others of the same kind, which we for- care, and the terrible judgment with which bid them to avail themselves of in future the Judge of the living and the dead under the heaviest penalties; for, our in- threatens those who rule over others. tention is that, like secular priests, they Further, if among those who were mem- shall live in accordance with the common bers of the Society, there be found some rule. who were entrusted with the education of After the publication of this brief, we the young, or who exercised the functions forbid any person soever, to dare to sus- of professor^ in different colleges and pend the execution of it, even under color, schools, it is our will that they be absolutely title or pretext, of demand, appeal, re- degraded from all direction, administra- course, declaration or consultation of any tion, or authority and forbidden to con- doubts that might arise, or any other pretext tinue in these functions, unless there be foreseen or unforeseen ; for it is our will that hope that they may do useful work, and the suppression and abrogation of the unless they seem to be far removed from whole Societg as well as of cdl its officers, all these discussions, and from all those should from this moment and immedi- points of doctrine, the laxity and futility ately, fully and entirely take effect, in of which only occasion and engender in- the form and manner that we have herein conveniences and fatal contestations ; and above prescribed, under penalty of major we order that these functions be forever excommunication, ipso facto, and reserved interdicted to those who could not stren- to us and the Popes our successors, of who- uously endeavor to preserve peace in the soever should dare to place the slightest schools and public tranquillity, and that if obstacle, impediment, or delay in the way any such were actually in charge they of the execution of this present brief. should be deprived of them. Further, we command, and in virtue of As to the missions, it is our will that they holy obedience, we forbid all and every be equally included in all that we have en- regular and secular ecclesiastic, whatever acted concerning the suppression of the be their grade, dignity, quality or condition, Society, and we reserve to ourselves the and especially those who have hitherto be- of taking the proper measures for longed to the Society and were members of effecting, the conversion of the infidels, in it, to oppose this suppression, to attack if the easiest and surest way, and for causing to write against it, or evev to speak about all disputes to cease. it, or its cause or its motives, or about the Now, after having totally annulled and institute, the rules, the constitution, and abrogated, as aforesaid, all the privileges the discipline of the extinct Society, or and statutes of this order, we declare all any other thing relative to this matter those of its members, who will have left without express permission from the Sover- their houses and colleges, and taken the eign Pontiff. We forbid all and every one, position of secular clerks, to be fit for, and under penalty also of excommunication, capable of, obtaining, conformably to the de- reserved to us and our successors, to dare crees of the Holy Canons and Apostolic to attack and insult, on account of this Constitution, any kind of , whether suppresion, either in secret or in public, simple or with the cure of souls, office, dig- viva ioce or in writing, by disputes, inju- ;

s

ries, insults, or any other kind of scorn, good, full of mercy and good fruits, with- any person soever, and least of all those out judging, without dissimulation. who were formerly members of the said " And the fruit ofjustice is sown in peace order. to them that make peace." We entreat all the Christian princes, of Even though, the superiors and other whose attachment and respect to the Holy members of the Jesuit Order, as well as See we are well aware, to execute this brief any person interested in or claiming inter- fully and entirely, giving to its execution est in all that has been herein above en- all the zeal, all the care, the force, the acted, should refuse to consent to the pre- authority and the "power they have received sent brief, and should not have been sum- from on high, so as to defend and protect moned or heard, it is our will that it should

the Holy Roman Church ; we further en- never be attacked, reversed, or invalidated, treat them to adhere to all the articles con- for cause of subreption, obreption, nullity or

tained in the brief ; to issue and publish invalidity, of want of intention on our similar decrees, and to see that the execu- part, or for any other motive, however tion of our present will excite no quarrels, powerful it might be, unforeseen and es- contestations or divisions among; the faith- sential, of omission of formalities, or of any ful. other thing which ought to have been ob- Finally, we exhort all Christians, and we served in the preceding dispositions or in entreat them by the compassions of Our any of them, nor for any main point of law Lord Jesus Christ, to remember that they or custom, even though it were contained all serve the same Master who is in heaven, in the , under pretext of an en- that they have the same Saviour who has ormous, very enormous, and entire flaw, redeemed them all at the price of His blood, nor finally for any pretext, reason or cause, that they are all regenerated by the Grace however just, reasonable and privileged, of , that they are all made sons of even such as should have been necessarily God and co-heirs of Jesus Christ, and fed expressed for the validity of the above with the same bread of the divine word and rules. Catholic doctrine, that they form but one We forbid that this brief be ever re- body in Jesus Christ and are members one tracted, discussed or brought to law, or

of another ; that consequently it is needful that any person should appeal against it, that they, being all united by the bond of by way of restitution in entirety, of dis- charity, should live in peace with all men cussion or of reduction by the ways and and that their sole duty is to love one an- terms of law, or by any other means of other, for he that loves his fulfills law, in fact, in privileges or in right, in the law, and to abhor all offence, hatred, whatever manner granted and obtained, so disputes, and all the snares and other evils as to use it, in a court of law or other- which the old enemy of mankind has in- wise. vented and imagined to trouble the But, it is our express will, that the pres- Church of God and to place ob- ent constitution be from this moment and

stacles in the way of the eternal forever valid, stable and efficient ; we will happiness of the faithful, under the that it take full and complete effect and false pretence of the opinions of the that it be observed inviolate by all and schools, often even under the appearance every one of those whom it may concern,

of higher christian attainment ; finally let now and in the future, in any manner all endeavor to acquire the true wisdom of whatever." which St. James speaks in his Epistle, THE POPE DEAD. chapter iii., verses 13-18. " Who is a wise man and endued with The Pope meant business. Clement XIV. knowledge among you, let him show by a followed up this brief by appointing a con- good conversation, his work in the meek- gregation of cardinals to take possession of ness of wisdom. the of the Society, and armed " But if you have bitter zeal, and there it with summary powers against all who be contentions in your hearts glory not, should attempt to retain or conceal any of ; and be not liars against the truth. the property. He also threw Lorenzo "For this is not wisdom, descending Ricci, the General, into prison in the from above; but earthly, sensual, devil- Castle of St. Angelo, where he died in ish. 1775. " For where envying and contention is, In September, 1774, Clement XIV. died there is inconstancy and every evil after much suffering, and the question has work. been hotly debated ever since, whether poi- " But, the wisdom that is from above, son administered by the Jesuits was the first indeed is chaste, then peaceable, mod- cause of his death. est easy to be persuaded, consenting to the It is impossible to decide the doubt, as ! : !

9 the opinions and evidence on each side are tures. Hear, then, a dead infallible pope nearly balanced. giving a lecture to a living Jesuit On the one hand, Salicetti, the Pope's physician, denied that the body showed ON LOYALTY. any signs of poisoning, and Tanucci, Your loyalty! My rebellious son, after Neapolitan Ambassador at Rome, entirely having suppressed you for ever, how comes acquits the Jesuits, while F. Theiner, no it that you pose as a great patriot in friend to the company does tbe like Winnipeg when so many "clamors and On the other hand, Scipio de Ricci, complaints' have been raised about your bishop of Pistoia, nephew and heir of the disloyalty ? unfortunate general, distinctly charges the It was your continued opposition and Jesuits with the ciime, as also does the disloyalty to sovereigns that forced me Cardinal de Bernis ; and the report by the to suppress your Order, and you have Spanish Minister to the Court of Madrid, placed yourself to-day in the awkward printed " by the De Potter, in his Vie and predicament of having to deny my in- Memoires de Scipion de Ricci," Vol. III., p.p. fallibility, to get rid of the difficulty ! 151-174, contains the noteworthy fact that the Pope's death was predicted before hand, ON OATH OF SECRECY. notably in a statement made in the Vicar- Your oath of secrecy ! You sneer at the General of Padua to the secretary of the idea of having such an oath. How can congregation for Jesuit affairs, that several you? members of the company, believing him to Your constitutions are ratified by oath be one of their friends, told him that the and your Order was " established by its Pope would die before the end of Septem- sainted founder for the conversion of the ber. (Encyclopedia Brittannica, Vol. XIII., heretics," and are you not bound, under Art. Jesuit.) oath, to obey your General, as God, and assume mask, under word of THE POPE INFALLIBLE. any command Let the death of the Pope be accounted ON SELF-DENIAL AND POVERTY. for as best it may be, and let it be said that Your self-denial and poverty ! You the Jesuit Order " needs no defence," the now "brag and bluster" about your self- fact is that the Pope is dead, and that denial and poverty, and that you work for though dead, remains still infallible. " your food and raiment " only ! ! " We teach and define that it is a dogma Do you not hold a license not to observe divinely revealed ; that the Roman Pontiff, the days of fasting, not to abstain from for- when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when bidden meats, and not to recite your prayers in discharge of the office of pastor and doc- at thecanonical hours; to advance or to retard tor of all Christians,by virtue of his supreme the reading of your breviary ? and by your apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine license you thus make life more easy. And regarding faith or morals to be held by the one of the reasons, as given in my brief of universal church, by the divine assistance July 21, 1773, for suppressing your Order in promised to him in blessed Peter, is pos- perpetuity, is it not, "Your seeking after the sessed of that infallibility with which the riches of this world with too much eager- Divine Redeemer willed that His church ness and avidity?" And everybody knows should be endowed for defining doctrine of your commercial transactions in Para- regarding faith or morals ; and that there- guay and the infamous bankruptcy of fore, such definitions of the Roman Pontiff Father Lavellette. And what is all this are irreformable of themselves, and not fuss that I hear is going on in Canada ? from the consent of the church. One who has just arrived in Paradise from " But if any one—which may God avert that country, informs me that your Order —presume to contradict this our defini- in Quebec has offered their souls for sale to tion : LET HIM BE ANATHEMA. one of my Knights of St. Gregory for $2,- " Given at Rome in public session solemn- 000,000, then for $990,000, then for $400,- ly held in the Vatican Basilica, in the year 000 in addition to the Laprairie Common, of our Lord one thousand eight hundred to commemorate the event ; then for $50,- and seventy, on the eighteenth day of 000, to be got through a libel suit in the July, in the 25th year of our Pontificate." courts of Queen Victoria ! (Quoted from Manning: Petri Priveligium, London, 1871. ON PARTIAL SUPPRESSION. Your partial suppression! You speak, THE DEAD LECTURING THE LIVING. in a letter to the Free Press, of a partial The pope though "being dead yet speak - suppression of your order. eth;" and, speaketh with infallible authori- Wmt a misrepresentation! See where your He does more ty. than speak, nay he lec- rebellion lands you. Have I not said in my ! !

10 brief that your Order was " totally an- But mind you claim that your order nulled and abrogated"? And did I not was "re-established, not re-created after a forbid any one soever to dare to suspend partial suppression." Therefore your Or- the execution of my brief, and was it not der of to-day is the very same order as in my will that the suppression and abroga- my days and the days of my predecessors tion of the whole Society, as well as of all the Sovereign Pontiffs, of blessed memory. its officers, should from this moment and And the following description given of the immediately, fully and entirely take effect? Order of Jesus in the " Imago primi And have I not declared all the Jesuits saeculi Societatis Jesu," published with who may have been banished from any the permission of your general Mutio country whatever to be equally included Vitelleschi, 1640, must equally apply to in this suppression of the Order ? And you, and be true also of you, a member of besides, was not your Order suppressed in the present Order of Jesus : Canada in 1774 by a royal decree of the " The members of this Society are dis- Imperial heretical Parliament of Great persed into every corner of the globe, and

Britain ? And is it not in 1887 only that distributed among as many nations and you obtained powers of incorporation from kingdoms, as there are boundaries on the the Legislature of Quebec, through one of earth. my Knights of St. Gregory ? How dare you This diversity, however, is only in dis- speak of a partial suppression and lead my tance of locality, but not in sentiments ; in people in Canada to think that you have a difference of language of affection but not ; right to exist there as a corporate body ? in dissimilarity of face but not of morals. In this family the Roman thinks like the EDUCATION. ON Greek, the Portuguese like the Brazilian, You claim to have done much valuable the Irishman like the Sarmatian; the Span- work in teaching ! ! iard like the Frenchman ; the Englishman

How dare you ! Read my brief and re- like the Flemming; and in such a diversity " fresh your memory ! In the bosom of of human species, no discussion, no conten- your Society, scarcely out of its cradle yet, tion, not a thing occurs that would lead you various germs of discord and jealousy had to think that they are more than one. sprung up, which led them to set them- Their birthplace offers them no motive of selves up against the universities, the col- personal interest. The same end, the same leges and the public schools." There is method, the same vow, which like the mar- hardly an accusation of the most serious riage vow binds them one to another. At nature that was not brought up against the slightest signal, a single man turns your Order. round the whole society; and determines

the revolution of so great a body ; it is ON RELIGION. easy to move, but difficult to skake." Your devotion and zeal for religion ON JESUITICAL INNOCENCE. You have written in black and white that " your whole lives are devoted to religion, Your innocence ! You claim that your and religion is the bulwark of society." Order " needs no defence !" But, my rebellious son, which religion But I have stamped the character of do you mean ? That of our blessed Lord your Order with an indelible seal in my " Jesus Christ, or that of the Order of Jesus? brief : Dominus ac Redemptor Noster," Have you forgotten the troubles concern- which, I have every reason to believe, I ing the practice of certain heathen cere- have written with the presence and in- monies, which you tolerated and admitted spiration of the Holy Ghost. You are very in many places, whilst you excluded those self-righteous it seems, and show no sign of

approved by the church universal ? Or repentance whatever ; and if you have not concerning those maxims, which the Holy been converted, you must teach now what See has proscribed as scandalous, and ob- the Order ever taught before. And the

viously detrimental to sound morals ? Or doctrines of the Order to-day must be the concerning other matters of the greatest very same as were these doctrines, the importance and absolutely necessary to day I suppressed you, and, as they have preserve, pure and intact, the Christian been given to the whole world by my Dogmas ? If the religion of Christ is the beloved son, the King of France, in his " bulwark of society," that religion is cer- "Arret du Parlement de Paris," dated 5th

tainly not your own. March, 1762, as follows : "Doctrines, the result of which would ON PATRIOTISM. tend to destroy , that code Your claim to be " the sons of well of morals which God himself has implanted known Canadians, sprung from families in the heart of man, and consequently to !" famous for their loyalty ! ! break all the bonds of civil society: author- ' ! ;;

11 izing theft, falsehood, perjury, immorality, will she cease to give birth to like crea- and, generally speaking, every passion and tures, though disguised under other crime, by teaching occult compensation, games. equivocation, mental reservation, probabi- The Roman hierarchy cannot,-now, control

lisjii, which the Jesuits. The Jesuits, are and philosophical sin ; doctrines masters would tend also to destroy all instincts of the bishops and the pope, servants. If a humanity among men, by favoring hommi- suppression of the order is to come, it will cide, parricide, to destroy all royal author- not be effected, by the pope and bishops ity, etc., etc. (Quoted from Paul Bert La but, by the combined efforts of the liber- Moraledes Jesuites, Paris, 1881.) ally-minded Roman , and the whole Protestant population of the Domin- A USELESS " SECRET SOCIETY." ion and the United States of America. A change must come. A change will The Society of the Order of Jesus, we come. Your rights must not, your rights are told. " is not a useless secret society cannot be thus trampled upon. It is im- whose only purpose is to ' brag and blus- " possible, that in a Province of the Protest- ter.' ant Empire of Great Britain, on the contin- But, the Jesuit 'Order is a " secret so- ent of America, in the presence of forty mil- ciety." In the time of Pope Clement XIV. lions of Protestants, you should be governed there was, in the very heart of the Catholic by a handful of unscrupulous politicians, Church and nations, much"brag and bluster," headed by a Knight of St. Gregory, whose which, according to this Pope, was stirred conscience is so very delicate, that it forces up by the " Secret Society " of Jesus. him to give to the Jesuits though not And the Pope himself, at that time, " legally but only morally bound " the sum among his own people in the very bosom of of $400,000, and which amount, the deli- his Mother Church, could not stop the cate conscience of the Knight, will not " brag and bluster " without suppressing shrink to extort from your own pockets ! ! the " Secret Society " of Jesus. QUIS CUSTODIET IPSOS CUSTODES ? Peace and tranquility will not be re- stored to our Dominion, and the " brag and bluster " will not cease until Pope Clem- CLEMENT XIV. ent's remedy be applied by Her Majesty's AND Protestant subjects. The Suppression of the Jesuits, AN ADVICE. BY PROFESSOR BERTOLINI. We have been advised to study history better, and if we do so the, Jesuit Order [From an article in the Nuovo Antologia of Rome. told, will we are "need no defence." An hon- Italy, November, 1886.] est and sincere Jesuit, who thus ventures to speak, shows that he must have read the Fully to understand the great act of history of the Jesuits, as written by them- Clement XIV., one must go back to the selves only. But, as we are all blind to our pontificate of Clement XIII., under whom owji faults and never see ourselves, as others the Jesuit question caused such exaspera- see us, I would - strongly advise Father tion as to produce a complete rupture be- Diunnnond, before he again lectures the tween the Western courts and the papacy. general public on the study of history, to The battle was begun by Portugal. This widen the ranf>*e of his readings and see country more than any other had su ffered how impartial, trustworthy 1 nay inflallible from the pernicious influence of the Com- writers, have written the history of the pany of Jesus. It had. therefore, the right !" Company of Jesus ! to raise a cry of alarm against a corporation its empire over A WORD OF WARNING. which, holding in hand the consciences, disdained all authority and The Order of Jesus was too much for a justice. A French diplomat, an ex-Jesuit pope. Extinguished it revived again. To- (Gcorgel), thus describes the omnipotence of day, the order is too much for the bishops, the Jesuits at the court of Lisbon. " They who are afraid of it. Romanism is now were," he writes, " not only the directors synonymous with Jesuitism. Jesuit leaven, of the consciences and conduct of all the has leavened the whole lump. princes and princesses of the royal family, The suppression of the Order of Jesus but the king and his ministers asked their by Clement XIV. was but temporary, as it advice even in questions of the greatest pub- was not followed, by a radical reform of lic importance. No resolution was taken the church. or State with- Roman The Order of Jesus is ! in the government of Church born of the previous approbation." spirit that animates ; their that church ; out having had

and not till I ? that church is regenerated, I How did they lose this influence The 12

story is told in a letter that the King,Joseph the French Parliament, which condemned I., wrote December 5, 1767, to Clement the order to pay the entire debt of Lavel- XIII. in answer to the brief in which he was lette, amounting to about two and a half requested by that Pope to restore the har- million of francs. But the material loss mony between his court and the Holy See, was nothing in comparison with the moral disturbed on account of the Jesuits who detriment and loss of prestige caused to the had been expelled from Portugal. " It is corporation by this trial. not to me that is to be ascribed the blame, The Pope's at Paris, Prince Col- if an order of has for its end the onna, sent an account of it to the Secretary conquest of the world, for its method the of State, Torregiani, which represented assassination of sovereigns and the sedition clearly the state of the public mind as fol-

of their people, and if in the very court of lows :

your Holiness it has established the centre The sensation produced in Paris by this affair is of its government, to hatch wickedness and incredible. Whilst it was being agitated in the lay snares for me even within my own Parliament and the lawyers of both parties con- tended and pleaded, the Jesuits suffered the greatest palace. It is not from my side that so insults and abuse ; an innumerable multitude was many plots and snares come, by means of present at these discussions. Last Friday they which, notwithstanding the justice and ten- beseiged the doors of the Parliament to learn the derness of your most religious sentiments, decision, and after it was pronounced, great joy was manifested and very noisy applause was heard. the heads of this abominable conspiracy This matter ought to have been adjusted any way, have found, clay, even to this in the very or the entire amount paid, rather than bring such- court of your Holiness, a scandalous pro- things to the knowledge of the public, who have tection for their gatherings, through which drawn from this trial the most lamentable conclu- sions, not only against the Jesuits, but even against they have commenced, and still continue, the whole body of the ecclesiastics, and especially to disturb the public peace of my kingdom against the ; and it must be admitted and of the states subject to my dominion, that the complicated course of this trial has given not only by their acts, but also by their every justification for these conclusions. Besides, the decree will carry with it saddest writings published in all Europe with uni- the conse- quences for the Jesuits, not only in this kingdom, versal scandal." but in all other countries, the more so as the Parlia- Pope Clement XIII., a weak man and in- ment intends to examine next month the constitu- fluenced by the Jesuits, who represented to tions of the order, and it is much to be feared that him that the war started in Portugal against these magistrates, the greater part of whom are already by nature and principles hostile to the the order was a signal of a great war of Jesuits, will resort to extreme measures regarding extermination plotted against Catholicism the constitution and even the existence of the order, by philosophy, did not listen to the accusa- at which I should not be surprised, and in this case tion of King Joseph. The rupture, there- no help or protection can be expected from the court. fore, between Portugal and the Holy See instead of being healed, became worse and In another letter the same nuncio wrote: continued until the death of Clement XIII. The animosity against the society of the Jesuits The initiative taken by Portugal in the is general in the kingdom. war against the Jesuits brought about a The king soon felt impotent to resist the general uprising against the abhorred order. public opinion which demanded the expul- After Portugal came France. A scan- sion of the order, although in August, 1761, dalous cause tried before the French Par- Louis XV. made a final effort to save it. liament, prepared public opinion for the He prorogued Parliament for a year, and great struggle which government and par- ordered the Jesuits to consign to the royal liament were disposed to undertake against council the charter of their houses in France the powerful corporation. The Jesuit Lavel- within six months. In this supreme mo- lette, head of the order in a province of ment, in which the question of their exist- America, having become a trader, had accu- ence was debated, the Jesuits of France mulated an immense capital, with which he performed an inconsiderate act which has- carried on a large trade with the principal tened their ruin. To gain the favor of the maritime places in Europe. The order was French episcopate, in which they had many associated in his speculations, furnishing adversaries because they were suspected to him with money and backing him with its be dangerous to the power of the bishops own credit. The business was prosperous and to that of the king, they subscribed to until the war which broke out in 1775 be- the four celebrated Gallican propositions of tween France and , brought upon 16$2 as follows: Lavellette a great reverse in fortune. Sev- First: To the Pope and to the Church is eral French commercial establishments granted by God power over all matters were thrown into bankruptcy, and had which are spiritual and pertaining to eternal recourse to the tribunals, asking that the happiness, but not over temporal and civil order should indemnify them for their matters, which are under the exclusive losses. The complaint was brought before power of kings and princes. — 13

Second: The canon of the Council of vanquished. To the authority of the King Constance, which places the authority of an of France they opposed that of the Pope ecumenicial council above that of the Pope and profiting by his weakness of character, in ecclesiastical matters, remains firm and dictated to him a constitution, which pro- immutable. claimed, January 7, 1765, in the presence

Third : The Pope is obliged to observe of Christendom, the sanctity and innocence the canon law. of the order.

Fourth : In matters of faith the Pope has Contrary to the usual custom, this con- a vote of superiority, but his judgment is stitution was issued without the knowledge not irrevocable until he has obtained the of the Sacred College. sanction of the Church. The Secretary of State, Torregiani, who These propositions they declared they was the most intimate friend of the Pope, would observe even in spite of the opposi- first heard of it on the day on which it was tion of their general " That if, God forbid," signed and went to press—therefore Clem- said the act, " It might happen that our ent XIV. was right in saying that this general .should command something con- apostolic letter had been extorted rather trary to the present declaration, persuaded than demanded from his predecessor. that we should not agree without sin, we And thus the Catholic world regarded it. shall regard these orders illegal, null and So this, instead of benefiting the order, ag- void." This act was signed by the Provin- gravated its condition, arousing against it cial of Paris, Stefano de la Croix, December those states which had remained until now 19, 1761. passive spectators of the war waged against There is no record that the general of the it in Portugal and in France. The papal Jesuits protested against this semi-rebellion constitution was interdicted in all the of his French Jesuits. Perhaps it was all a Catholic countries, and the powers took scheme contrived between them to avert the occasion from this act, which they justly approaching tempest. regarded as a provocation, to fortify them- But this time, the greatest astuteness was selves by energetic measures against any not that shown on the part of the Jesuits. assault which it was the purpose of the The royal council proposed that there Holy See to make upon their independence should be given to the order a , and absolute sovereignty. who was to be a Frenchman, selected by All the deliberations of the Roman court, the general of the order, to reside in France, including and marriage licenses, and exercise over the Jesuits of the kingdom were subjected to the royal placet, and the the same power enjoyed by the general free communication of the bishops and of over the entire order. As was to be ex- the faithful with Rome was likewise sur- pected, the general and his council rejected rounded with a thousand difficulties, and this proposition, and the Pope ratified their subjected to a severe surveillance of the refusal, saying that it was incompatible police. with the spirit and existence of the order. The papacy had constituted itself the Then throughout France there was an ex- paladin of the Jesuits at the time when plosion of wrath against the corporation. the universal conscience of Christendom The Parliament of Paris, which already had was aroused against the order, and it now made an auto-da-fe of the works of the reaped the well-merited fruit of the odious principal Jesuits canonists and moralists, compact. which works has been declared by a com- In the meantime the tide rose. King mission of theologians to be crammed full Charles III. of Spain issued on the 2nd of of errors and false doctrines, now compiled April, 1767, a pragmatic sanction as fol- a memorial entitled "Extracts of danger- lows : "The Pope defended them, let him ous and pernicious assertions of every kind, have them." With this he suppressed the which the so-called Jesuits have always and Company of Jesus, and ordered the expul- perseveringly sustained, taught and pub- sion of its members from his dominion, lished." They sent it to all the bishops arranging that they should be sent into the and magistrates of the kingdom. After that . nothing more remained but to suppress the Clement XIII. tried to remove from his order, which Parliament did with the de- mouth the bitter cup, declaring to the cree of August 6, 1762. The king seconded Catholic king that he would never allow the policy of the Parliament and accom- the exiled Jesuits to enter his states. plished the work, first by confiscating in But Charles III. was ready to frustrate behalf of the state the property of the Jes- the design, answering to the nuncio that if uits, June 14, 1763, and then by suppressing really persisted in his refusal the institution in all its states, November, he would know where to send the exiles, 1764. after making a public protest in all the The Jesuits did not admit that they were ports off the Pontifical States. 14

France did not wish to be behind Spain. ( and Venusia) and in the two A decree of the Paris Parliament, dated Sicilies ( and ). May 9, 1767, expelled the Jesuits from all Clement, who thought that the threat France, and ordered them to leave the was not serious, refused, and the threatened country within fifteen days. occupation followed. The king of the Two Sicilies followed. Matters having reached this crisis, the A decree of November, 1767, expelled the three Bourbon sovereigns struck a decisive Jesuits from the whole realm, so those be- blow for the overthrow of the Jesuits. longing to the south of Italy were thrown They sent to the Pope a collective memo- upon the Roman frontier, and the Pope was rial formally demanding of him the sup- all pression of the order, January obliged to receive these guests—unwel- 18, 1769 ; come, although protected by him. and this was the coup de grace for this The general war started against the Pontiff. A few days afterward (Feb. 1) he order and the measures adopted by Spain died, distressed by the effect of his insane and the Two Sicilies to banish the exiles to policy, but without repenting of his errors. the Pontifical States put into the mind of He left to his successor a tremendous the friends of the Jesuits the thought that responsibility. The matter of the Jesuits the only way to relieve them from their had assumed universal importance, and present embarrassment was their secular- upon the way in which the new Pope ization. This word which was a softened should decide this question depended the synonym of suppression, pronounced first maintenance or the rupture of the unity of sotto voce by the diplomatic corps of Rome, the Church. penetrated soon into the Sacred College, Parties in the conclave were named ac- and became the object of discussion in a cording to the existing circumstances. On congregation of cardinals held before the one side were the adversaries of the Jesuits,

Pope—Dec. 30, 1767. on the other their protectors ; and because But Clement XIII. still stood firm in the the first supported that of the Catholic

policy followed up to that that time ; and, courts their party was called that of the untaught by experience, he rejected the Crowns, while the other was called that of course which had been proposed to him by the Zealots or of the Fanatics. those very counsellors whose advice he had Between the two parties the struggle been accustomed to take. was intense. At the head of the Zealots The warning of the General of the Jesu- were the Cardinals Reszonico and Albani. its, that, by the secularization of the order, Orsini headed the party of the Crowns. he would compromise his conscience, and At the commencement the Zealots pre- even his eternal salvation, impressed the vailed because the foreign cardinals belong- feeble mind of the Pontiff more than argu- ing to the opposite party did not, until ments. late in the session, enter the conclave. By A political incident supervened to in- chance the two chiefs of the Zealots did crease the tension of the relations between not agree in the selection of the Pope, and the Catholic powers and the Roman See. this discord neutralized the preponderance The young Duke of , Ferdinand, In- of that side. Moreover, even without this, fante of Spain, encouraged by the example they would not have dared to elect the of his relations, the greater sovereigns, an- Pope before the arrival of the foreign car- nulled, with a pragmatic sanction, the juris- dinals. Owing to the strained relations of diction and the immunities which the the Church with the Catholic courts a Church enjoyed in his small state. schism would undoubtedly have arisen The Pope opposed to the ducal decree from such an abuse. But the ambassadors one of his briefs—January 30, 1768—with of the three Bourbon courts, in the expec- which he cancelled all the innovations tation that this might be done, had mutu- prejudicial to the Church introduced by ally agreed in such an event to leave the Duke, and threatened him and his min- Rome. isters with ecclesiastical if they This threat had acquired more weight persevered in their attempts. after the conversion of the court of Vienna But the duke found powerful defenders. to the policy of the other courts. Maria The Bourbon courts of Versailles, Madrid, Theresa and Joseph II., who during the and remonstrated against the struggle between the Western courts and offence committed by the Pope against the Clement XIII. had remained passive, now temporal sovereignty of a prince who was openly made known their decision declar- connected with them by ties of blood. ing that, in the interests of the Church, the With a collective note they requested the Company of Jesus ought to be suppressed. Pope to revoke the brief, threatening him, Sperges, the intimate adviser of Maria in case of refusal, to occupy the domjxuons Theresa, signified this sentiment of the sov- which the Holy See possessed in France ereign to the nuncio at Vienna, saying that ; :

the change of the pontificate ought to have Of the two great questions which the as an inevitable consequence the suppres- new Pontiff was called upon to solve, that sion of the Jesuits. Joseph II. said the concerning Parma was speedily decided. same without circumlocution to the very The Duke—Ferdinand I., was betrothed to general of the order. When he went to Maria Amelia, the younger daughter of visit the Chapel of St. Ignatius in Rome he the Empress . Clement asked this general whether he did not XTV. granted a dispensation permitting the think it time to abandon that garment. He marriage, thus annulling implicitly what also said it to the cardinal Zealots when he had been done by his predecessor. Har- went to visit the conclave, requesting them mony being thus restored, the Pope de- to elect a Pope who would comprehend the manded, from the courts of France and the motto: Ne quid nimis! and who would Two Sicilies, the restitution of Avignon know how to treat the sovereigns with and Benevento. The courts, however, re- proper consideration and politeness. fused this until full satisfaction was given With such sentiments at the court of in the question of the Jesuits —by the gen- Vienna, the threat that three ambassadors eral suppression of the order. would leave Rome in ease the Zealots Much time elapsed, however, before should select a Pope before the arrival of Clement XIV. decided to take the course, the foreign cardinals acquired such weight and it may safely be said that if he had that it would have been mere insanity not not been pressed by the serious threats of to recognize or appreciate it. And that the the three Bourbon courts, he would never Zealots acknowledged this is shown by the have done it. fact that in the first two and a half months There was a moment in which it seemed of conclave (Feb. 15 to April 27), the bal- that the old rupture might be renewed, and lots showed a great scattering of votes, the Jesuits succeed equally well with Gan- while the serious ballots, based on previous ganelli as with Clement XIII. The Gen- agreements, did not commence until after eral of the Order, in fact, had obtained the arrival of the Spanish cardinals. Then from Clement XIV. a brief, July 12, 1769 a name, which in the preceding ballots ap- which renewed, for seven years, the privi- peared with only two or three votes, began leges of their missionaries. to come to the front ; but its progress was This brief nearly kindled a conflagra- slow and difficult. tion. The Jesuits boasted a great deal of After having received five votes in the the victory, and published the brief all session of the 27th of April (the first ses- over the Catholic world, presenting it as sion at which the Spanish cardinals were documentary proof of the favor which they present) by the 8th of May it fell to four, enjoyed with the new Pontiff. on the 9th it descended to three, to return The Bouibon courts complained, and re- on the 10th of May to four, and to retake, sumed toward Clement XIV. the same on the 11th, the five votes of the 27th of threatening language which they had used April. Then it rose to six, and on the 1 4th toward his predecessor. of May to ten, on the 1 Sth to nineteen The ambassadors of the three powers in finally, on the 19th of May, it received a Rome, by means of Cardinal Bernis, the unanimous vote. French ambassador, presented to the Pope Who was this Pope, Clement XI V., se- a memorial, demanding, in the name of lected after so difficult a candidature ? It their sovereigns, the immediate suppres cangelo, in , and a Franciscan , sion of the society. " Without scrutinizing was Lorenzo Ganganelli, a native of Santar- here the grave accusations made against The French Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Jesuits," said the memorial, "what can Duke de Choiseul, persisted in holding be answered to the following objections that cardinal was the best for the papacy, An order of plain monks has been formid- and this defended him against those who able, in all times and in all countries, to thought differently. To the Spanish gov- other monks, to the , to the ernment, by which Ganganelli was con- magnates, monarchs, bishops, and even to " sidered a Zealot, Choiseul answers : He the sovereign Pontiffs, upon whom this who wrote to Spain that Ganganelli is a society is entirely dependent. To-day, Jesuit, is grossly deceived. It is a well- when it is almost annihilated, it still in- known fact that he is, and always has been, spires terror." a Franciscan." This decisive affirmation Let us hear, from Bernis, how the Pope of the French minister dispelled the doubts replieu to the demand. " Concerning the entertained at the court of Madrid con- suppression of the Jesuits," wrote Bernis cerning Ganganelli, and from that time he to the Duke de Choiseul, "the Holy Father was able to count upon the aid of all three spol^e to me once very plainly and frank- courts. The assistance of these courts de- ly, s/aying that he must preserve his con- cided his election. scic ice and his honor; on the one hand by ; 1G observing the canons and following the ex- the peace and quiet of the two sovereigns his predecessors in similar cases and which even compromised religion, no ample of ; on the other hand by not sacrificing too favor ought to be conceded to them ; that lightly the consideration which he owed to His Majesty was tired of these temporiz- the Emperor, to the Empress, to the Re- ings, and in consequence had resolved to public of Poland, to the King of Sardinia, renew publicly through his ambassadors to the Venetians, Genoese and to the King at Rome, his pressing solicitation that the of , who did not demand the sup- Holy Father would totally suppress the

pression ; that although he had been company ; and if he did not obtain it in threatened and made to fear, even for his six weeks to ask his passports, abandon life, it certainly was not fear which hin- the embassy and break relations openly ; dered him from giving satisfaction at once adding that even if the ministers of the to the sovereigns of the House of France : other Bourbon courts, for want of instruc- but that he knew the laws and his duties, tions, would not join him in this deter- and that no human consideration could mination, he would alone carry it out, ad compel him to violate them ; that he prom- literam" ised in advance to the three monarchs to The instructions sent to the ambassadors approve what they had done in their at Rome were of the same date (Aug. 7) as States, concerning the Jesuits, and that that of the letter of the Nuncio, recounting they should be hindered from ever re-en- the discourse held between him and the tering those countries ; that he would ask French minister. The solicitation which the council of the clergy of those three Cardinal Bernis was to make to the Pope kingdoms, and when he felt himself sup- was really an announcement in the name ported by the clergy of France, Spain, of his king. "You will say," the Duke de Naples and Portugal, then he might be Choiseul wrote him, "that His Majesty has able to work honorably and with some allowed the first moments of the pontifi- ground to stand upon." cate to pass before renewing the demand From this letter it can be inferred that that was made of Pope Clement XIII. for Clement XIV., in the early part of his pon- the abolition of the Jesuits; that he knew tificate, was quite averse to the suppres- his excellent personal disposition to secure sion of the Jesuits, and that he hoped to tranquillity for himself, for his State, and arrange everything by sanctioning the for religion ; that the existence of this so- measures, taken by the three powers, ciety of monks imperilled these objects against the order. that all the States of the House of Bour-

But the three courts did not permit him bon are in the «same situation ; that His to remain for a long time under the influ- Holiness could not fail to regard the princes ence of this pleasing delusion. The ambas- of this house as the strongest supporters of sadors had taken occasion from the brief of the Catholic religion, and it was just and July 12 to demand of the Pope their sup- reasonable that they should obtain from an pression, and the French government enlightened Pope, whose good disposition availed itself of this opportunity to let the they could not doubt, a satisfaction so Pope know that the three courts would essential to the happiness of their king- not be satisfied with half measures, and dom." that they were not at all disposed to grant In his instructions, Bernis was directed him what had been refused to his prede- to insist that the Pope should give to the cessor. The language used by the Duke king the most positive promises concerning de Choiseul with the Nuncio at Paris, had this matter. a severity that was alarming. Let us hear The time which the King of France con- this language from the Nuncio himself. ceded to the Pope for the suppression of

The subject of the discourse was the cele- the Jesuits was two months ; if the sup- brated brief of the 12th of July, concern- pression was not accomplished within that ing which the Duke de Choiseul asked an time, the ambassador was to ask for his explanation. Not being satisfied with that passports. given him by the Nuncio, he threw off all This intimation had been made in Au- restraint and uttered threats which made gust, 1769, that is to say, in the first day of the poor Nuncio tremble. "Then," he the Pontificate of Clement XIV; the sup- writes, "assuming that ministerial tone pression of the Jesuits was not effected un- which at the present time is not unknown til four years after ! Before arriving at to your Eminence, he declared to me that the final act the Pope had, however, by a the kings of France and Spain and the series of acts, reassured the three courts as other princes of the were to his good disposition. not people to be trifled with, diat after He had said very frankly to Bernis having led them to hope for th s speedy that overhaste would not enter into the suppression of a society which disturbed principles of his conduct, and that no one : " 17

would ever obtain anything of him by vio- The slowness with which the difficult task lence and force, and he would always yield was conducted frequently shocked the con- to the wishes of the most Christian King fidence of the courts in the fidelity of the then this sovereign did not exact of him Pope's promises But the Pope no longer the renunciation of his character as "Su- allowed himself to be threatened ; nay, he " preme Pontiff" and common Father of became aggressive him sell, threatening the Faithful." those who instigated him to put an end to While he said these things, his actions the Jesuits speedily, to abdicate the Pon- demonstrated that, after the demands of tifical throne, and to retire into Castle Sant' France, with which country both Spain Angelo there to end his days. The question and Naples were anxious to associate them- of the suppression of the Jesuits, practically selves, he had lost every hope of being able considered, presented difficulties which did to save the Jesuits. He therefore made not appear at first sight. In the hands of preparations so that the suppression of that order was the direction of the semina- the Jesuits might take place quietly. But ries, missions and many other ecclesiastical for this, time was needed. It was neces- institutions ; therefore it was necessary to sary, therefore, to calm the fury of the take the requisite precautions that confu- court of France and to demonstrate that sion and disorder might not result. On the two months accorded to him were not the other hand the courts had tangible sufficient for the drawing up of a bull stat- proof that every new delay created danger ing the grounds for his action. for them. At Lisbon occurs an attempt Clement XIV. thereupon wrote with his against the sovereign ; at Madrid, popular own hand a letter to King Louis. It was tumults ; whose fault is it ? Perhaps the written in French, because his scanty Jesuits had nothing to do with it ; but in knowledge of this language enabled him to the existing state of things, we could not say with a certain obscurity, that which he condemn the courts of Portugal and Spain, had not got the courage to say openly—that if they suspected them, and if they took he was going to suppress the Jesuits. occasion to ask the Pope to hasten their The letter, however, satisfied the king, who suppression. Clement XIV. could not save wrote in reply himself from doing something. On the It remains with your Holiness to decide the 12th of February, 1770, the direction of the form which may seem to you the most suitable to Seminary of Frascati, was taken from the manifest to the Christian world what may be your Jesuits, and given to the secular priests. judgment concerning an affair so essential to the repose of the Church of the Catholic States, and to In the following year a congregation of the personal glory of your Holiness. cardinals were created to examine the eco- The Jesuits and their supporters soon per- nomical condition of the Roman Seminary, ceived the importance of the Pontiff's action. to find remedies for the decline of theological This is proved by an apocryphal document studies, and for several abuses which had first published in the Gazette of Florence, been introduced in the direction of the and from this in all the principal journals of students. The Jesuits had introduced an Europe. The authorship of the letter was innovation in the form of the OATH taken attributed to the Pope, and it purported to by the students of foreign pontifical col- be addressed to the King of France, and leges. To the obligation assumed by the urged reasons for protecting the Jesuits. alumni, returning to the missions of their Instead, however, of attaining the desired respective countries, to depend on the Holy end, the falsifiers obtained the opposite re- See, the Propaganda, and their respective sult. bishops, they added, "and on the Gen- The Pope, indignant at so much infamy, eral of the Society of Jesuits." The Pope and wishing to unmask the fraud at once, suppressed this addition, and also took availed himself of the new pressure brought away another abuse create d by the Jesuits, to bear against the Jesuits by the court of namely, the obligation laid upon the alumni Spain, officially to announce his intention to confess to the Jesuits only. to suppress the order, in a letter written by The Pope, after having communicated to his own hand, November 30, 1769, to the courts his resolution, isolated himself, Charles III., King of Spain. and completed, all by himself, the great die The was cast ; it was not possible to event. On the 21st of July, 1773, the withdraw without creating a schism. Con- brief " Dominus ac Redemptor noster fidence, therefore, is restored in the three was signed. Only after it was transmitted courts, who assist at the preparations for to all the bishops of the Catholic world, and the great blow, without claiming any fixed when it began to be executed, was day for its infliction. notice given to the ambassadors of the From this moment the direction of the event. Following up what he had pre- negotiations passed, with the approval of viously done, the Pope conferred upon the French court, to the court of Spain. the r \incipal bishops of the Papal States 18 the right, with full powers, of visiting the houses of the Jesuits situated in their AN ARRAY OF FACTS respective . The first to receive BY this power was Cardinal Malvizzi, Arch- PROF. GOLDWIN SMITH. bishop of . The rector of the College of Santa Lucia " For dishonest foes, an array of facts would only irritate having refused to obey the orders of the them."—Father Drummond, Free Press, Feb. 26, 1SS9. Holy See, and to publish to the students the prescripts of the Pontiff, Malvizzi was ENDOWMENT OF JESUITISM. obliged to resort to force. The rector was " led away from the college by soldiers, and I say the endowment " of Jesuitism, was expelled from the Ecclesiastical States, because it is obvious that the pretence of and the students who wished also to resist restoring Jesuit property it is a mere sub- were transferred to the country house of terfuge. Neither under the French gov- the Bolognese Seminary to await their rel- ernment which had suppressed it, nor under atives to take them to their homes. the British government which had recog- When the Pope learned these facts, he nized it only for present purposes, could commissioned the Legate of and the order be the holder of any property at and the Bishop of Montalto to all. Scarcely less certain is it Ah at the en- take possession of the property of the dowment, though it may come ostensibly Jesuits situated in their respective territo- from the province, will come really, though ries, and ordered that seals should be indirectly, from the Dominion, which will affixed upon the archives of the novitiate of be made by the pressure of the French the society in Rome. A few days after he screw to compensate the province by a signed the brief of suppression, and cre- grant of some kind, so that the responsibil- ated a congregation of cardinals " concern- ity for this measure will extend to the ing the affairs of the extinct Society of whole country. Refuse incorporation to Jesus." For twenty-eight days the Pope Orangeism, and then endow Jesuitism out kept the act of suppression secret, and dur- of the public funds ! If this is justice, ing all that time he observed toward the what is iniquity ? ambassadors that reserved and mysterious If Jesuitism were like the other monas- demeanor which he had assumed with them tic orders, a religious brotherhood, to endow since he first secluded himself. On the it out of public funds would still be a flag- evening of August 18 the mystery was rant breach of the fundamental principles solved. The Pope by his published of our polity. But it is not a religious contemporaneously to the General and to brotherhood. It is, and has been from the the rectors of all the colleges possessed by beginning, a conspiracy against civil society the Jesuits in Rome the brief of suppression and government. There is no record in and immediately took possession of their history approaching in criminality to that houses. The following day Clement XIV. of the Jesuit. On him rests the guilt of the promulgated the brief to all the apostolic bloody extermination of in nuncios, and on the 20th of August the doc- Bohemia, of thirty years' war in Germany, ument was freely circulated. On the 22nd of the of the , the Pope finally granted to the ambassadors and the murderous proscription of the the ardently desired audience. French Protestants which ensued, of the By this proceeding, justly observed countless religious murders committed by Theiner, Clement XIV. demonstrated over- the Spaniards in the Low Countries. When- abundantly that in all this affair he had ever I hear of the Jesuit I think of Mot- acted freely and independently of every in- ley's description of the poor servant girl in fluence of ministers and courts. Thereupon the Netherlands who, because she would the act of suppression acquired a value and not renounce her faith, was led out between importance which ought to have guaranteed two Jesuits to be buried alive. Jesuit doc- that it snould be observed and respected as tors preached tyrannicide, and in the back- long as the Roman Church lasted. ground of each great crime, the murder of William the Silent, the murder of Henry of Valois, the murder of Henry IV., the Gunpowder Plot, appears the figure of the Jesuit. With political plotting the Sons of in time mingled financial cupidity Loyola ; and the scandalous bankruptcy of a mer- cantile house connected with them, in the last century, filled the cup of public indig- nation against them and was one of the immediate causes of their fall. 19

It is not on Protestant evidence alone the power of the Catholic vote with a ven- that the charges against the Jesuits rest. geance. The Catholic powers of Europe united in Already Jesuit ascendancy in Quebec is demanding the suppression of the order as bearing its fruits. The old French church the enemy oi' civil society and government. of Canada, as a daughter of the national No Catholic ever was more devout than church of France, had always been quiet Pascal, by exposing the infamous tam- and it who unaggressive ; produced the usual pering of Jesuitism with the principles of effects of Romanism on national industry morality gave it the wound that has never and prosperity, but it respected the rights

healed. Jesuitism is not merely immoral ; it of the state. The Jesuit comes; having the

is founded on immorality ; since its funda- reigning influences at Rome in his favor,

mental principle is the prostrate submission he conquers ; and at once there is trouble of the individual conscience to the objects between the church and the state. In the of the order and the commands, however American Republic, the Ultramontane equivocal, of its superiors. The Jesuit is spirit, of which the Jesuit is the organ and bound to be " a living corpse," without will largely the author, is likewise at work and or conscience of his own, in the hands of is preparing for an attack on the public the chiefs of the conspiracy. school, which will probably form the first In modern times Jesuitism has changed battlefield of the coming conflict. neither its spirit nor its aims, but only its Much has been said, and will very likely methods Power having passed from the be now said again, by the defenders of monarch to the people, it is not with kings Jesuitism, about Jesuit activity in educa- and their favorites or ministers, but tion. Active in education the Jesuits has with political parties, that the Jesuit always been, not, however, for the purpose now usually intrigues. He intrigues in of opening and emancipating, but for that Switzerland till he brings the confederation of narrowing and contracting the under- to the verge and beyond the verge of civil standing. To clap the padlock on the war and gets himself sent over the frontier mind of the youth of the governing class, for his pains. In the empress of the French, was the object, which it must be owned, however, at once jealous and devout, he was in its way, very skilfully pursued. Of found a fitting instrument of the old,and to popular education the Jesuit never was the him more congenial kind. Through her he friend. Much again has been said, and brought on a deadly war between France will very likely be said again, about Jesuit and Germany, though his promises to the missions. What has become of the fruits

French Emperor of treasonable aid among of those missions ? Over those in the east, the Roman Catholics of Southern Germany, especially those in China, dark suspicions patriotism at the last moment having pre- of Jesuit dishonesty hang. Paraguay was vailed over sectarianism, remained unful- much more a kingdom of the Jesuit than filled to the utter discomfiture of their dupe. of Christ. Of the Canadian missions, what For these and similar machinations against do we know except what is told us by the

the public weal one Catholic country after Jesuits themselves ? If the Jesuits gave another has cast out the brotherhood of Christendom a few Indian converts of intrigue which Protestant Canada now takes doubtful character, they also gave it Vol- to her bosom and furnishes with the means taire, who, bred in one of their semin- of subverting her civil and social peace. aries, learned to abhor Christianity in Far from having a claim to endowment, them. Jesuitism has no more claim to legal pro- By the majority of the Catholic clergy tection than Thuggism. Nor was the sac- themselves the Jesuit intriguer is mistrust- rifice of human victims to Bowannce by ed, by not a few he is detested. In firmly the cord of the Thug more wicked than resisting his aggression we shall have all the sacrifice of human victims by the the moderate Catholics on our side. fire of the Auto da fe or the sword of Protestantism and the British element in Jesuit wars to the power of cruelty and Quebec are now almost at their last gasp. perfidy which the sons of Loyola worship They are being fast shouldered out of as God. every part of the province except the Eng- The Jesuit is absolutely without nation- lish quarter of Montreal. Even there, their ality or bond of patriotic duty ; he has no commerce is being attacked by the plunder- country but his order ; he is a plotter in all ing hostility of the French Catholic legisla- communities and a citizen of none. To ture, just as the commerce of Belfast would allow him to enjoy corporate privileges or be by an Irish Catholic legislature in Ire- have corporate property anywhere is against land. Nor is the advancing tide of aggres- the plainest policy of the state. When this sion confined to Quebec. Eastern Ontario concession is coupled with the refusal of in- is being rapidly overflowed. corporation to the Orange order, it displays The subserviency of Canadian politicians — 20 L.L.D., with an introduction to the Catholic vote dishonors the British "Wylie, race. Its displays sometimes are revolting. by the Rev. E. Garbett, M.A., Vicar A speaker of the Senate goes on his knees of Christ Church, Surbiton, London, to a cardinal. A Presbyterian politician is Cassell, Petter & Galpin. seen in a conspicuous place at the general 3. Liberty Religieuse En Europe.— mass of the archbishop, to whom he had La By the well known historian, Dr. E. bowed for support ; thereby, if he believes Pressense, Paris, Sandoz et Fisch- his own creed, not only assisting at an er- De roneous worship, but countenancing a false bacher, 1874. The first chapter es-

pecially, entitled : Societe de miracle for the sake of votes. The same La Jesus, son historie, son influence politician has, manifestly from the same d'apres documents. motive, lent himself to the extension of the de Nouveaux system of separate schools under which 4. Morale des Jesuites, Par Paul young Canadian citizens are brought up, La — Bert, Professeur a la Faculte des not as members of the commonwealth, but Sciences, Paris, G. Charpentier, as liegemen of the priest. A similar ten- dency was shown in the miserable intrigue 1881. with the Rielites, which at the last election 5. Les Jesuites.—Par J. Huber, Professeur brought the opposition to deserved ruin, de Theologie Catholique, a FUniver- Mercier, and in their alliance with their Mr. site de Munich, traduit par Alfred the meet recipient of Papal decorations. Marchand, Paris, Sandoz and Fisch- It is difficult to assign limits either to #he lasher, 1875. ambition of Roman Catholicism or to the servility of the politicians who are playing 6. Des Jesuites.—Par M. M. Michelet et into its hands. The leader of the Conserv- Quinet, Paris, Hachette, 1843. ative opposition in Ontario will do nothing to stem aggression or avert the danger be- 7. Lettres Ecrites a un Provincial, par cause his party must act in subordination Blaise Pascal—Paris—Firmin Didot to the game of a party and a government freres, 1857. at Ottawa which rests upon the French 8. Clement XIV. brief: "Dominus ac Re- Catholic vote in Quebec. On the great demptor Noster." As given by issue of to-day the Conservative party in — Cretineau Joly—Histoire Religieuse, Ontario is a cypher. Politique et Litteraire de la Com- pagnie de Jesus, composee sur les documents in§dits et authentiques CATALOGUE OF BOOKS ON Paris, Jacques LecofFre & Cie—Vol. V. p.p. 295-310. JESUITISM.

Numbers 1, 2, 3 are written by Protes- tants, 4 by a libre penseur, and 5, 6, 7, 8 by Encyclopaedia Brittannica.—Vol. XIII., Roman Catholics. Father Drummond has Art. Jesuit, by R. F. Littledale, L.L. here his choice. I hope, however, he will D., D.C.L., author of "Plain Rea- not only study the heretical authors, but sons against joining the Church of also those of his own church. Then he may Rome.' come to think as everybody else about the 2. Jesuitism.—Its rise, progress, and In- Jesuit Order. I recommend him specially sidious workings, by the Rev. J. A. the papal brief. ; " : : "

21 RESOLUTIONS erty, and in a mixed community like ours calculated to entail consequences which it AND PETITION TO THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL- is most desirable to avoid. IN-COUNCIL RE JESUITS ESTATE 3. " This Alliance is likewise of ACT. opinion that the Society of Jesus, being At a meeting of the Evangelical Alliance confessedly a religious organization, its en- of the Dominion of Canada held in Mont- dowment in this way is at variance with real Oct. 22nd to 25th, 1888, the following those principles of religious equality now resolutions were passed happily established in this Dominion. 1. " The Evangelical Alliance in confer- 4. " This Alliance, while fully recogniz- ence assembled, representing the various ing the right of the Protestant minority to Protestant denominations throughout the its full share of the public funds for edu- Dominion, avails itself of the present op- cational purposes, cordially sympathizes portunity to record its decided disapproval with our brethren of the Province of Que- of the recent legislative action in the Prov- bec, who distinctly repudiate, as a part of ence of Quebec, in appropriating to the So- this arrangement with the Society of Jesus, ciety of Jesus the sum of four hundred the appropriation of sixty thousand dollars thousand dollars, taken out of the funds to the Protestant Committee of Public In- which came into the public exchequer over struction. one hundred years ago, and have hitherto 5. "This Alliance would also strongly been available for the purposes of general protest against those provisions of the education throughout the Province, with- Jesuits' Estates Act which make the dis- out respect to creed or nationality. tribution of the public money of the Prov- 2. " This Alliance is of opinion that nce depe ndent upon the will of the Pope, the Provincial Legislature by previously and agreements of the government with investing with corporate power this long- any society under the Queen's government defunct order, whose career has been so in- subject to his ratification. imical to the best interests of mankind, and 6. " The Evangelical Alliance hereby re- which all civilized people (Roman Catho- mits to its Executive Committee to take lics included) have united in condemning such steps in the premises, at its earliest and expelling, and by now endowing this convenience, and as to its wisdom may order with public funds has adopted a seem meet, in order to give practical effect course prejudicial to civil and religious lib- to the foregoing deliverance."

PETITION

To His Excellency the Right Honorable Frederick A. Stanley, Baron Stanley of Preston, G. C. B., Governor-General of the Dominion of Canada, in Council.

The Petition of the Undersigned Humbly Sheweth

That Whereas, at a meeting of the Evangelical Alliance for the Dominion of Canada, heldin the City of Montreal in the month of October, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight, certain matters touching the interests of the several Pro- testant Churches were taken into serious consideration, among which was " The Act Respecting the Jesuits' Estates," passed by the Legis- lature of the Province of Quebec, and assented to on the 12th of July, 1888, now lying before Your Excellency in Council for consideration — ;

And Whereas, " the estates of that [the Jesuit] Order were origin- ally granted by the King of France for the purpose of educating the natives of the country," and the Jesuits were merely depositaries there-

of for the purposes of the education of the youth of the Province ; And Whereas, the Order of the Jesuits v/as suppressed in France in 1761, and its property taken by the King for the purposes of education

And Whereas, the Royal instructions to the Governor-General of Canada in 1774 directed " that the Society of the Jesuits should be sup- pressed and dissolved, and no longer contin 3 a Body corporate and poli- tic, and that all thei^ rights, privileges, anr/ ^voperty should be vested in the Crown ; ; " ; ; "

22

And Whereas, the House of Assemb " for the Province of Quebec repeatedly petitioned the King or his Representative that the said Estates might be devoted " according to their primitive destination, for the education of the youth of this country/' and be placed at the disposal of the Legislature for that purpose

And Whereas, on the 7th of July, 1831, Lord Goderich, then Sec- retary for the Colonies to King William IV., addressed a despatch to His Majesty's Representative in Quebec, in which he stated that " the Jesuit Estates were, on the dissolution of that Order, appropriated to the education of the people," and further, " that the revenue which might result from that property should be regarded as inviolably and exclusively applicable to the object," and moreover " that the King, cheerfully and without reserve, confided the duty of the application of "

those funds for the purposes of education to the Provincial Legislature ;

And Whereas, the disposal of the said Estates has been from time to time impeded by the " energetic representations " of the authorities " " of the Roman asserting a claim to their ownership ;

And Whereas, the Government of the Province of Quebec in the negotiations with the Representative of the present Order of the Jesuits in the Province of Quebec, forming the basis of the Jesuits' Estates Act, of 1888, expressly declared " it did not recognize any civil obligation, " but merely a moral obligation, in this respect ; and proceeded to treat on the amount and terms of " a compensation in money," on condition of receiving a full renunciation of all further claims on the said Estates J £ And Whereas, by the said Jesuits Estates Act of 1888, the Lieuten- ant-Governor in Council is authorized to pay the sum of four hundred thousand dollars " out of any public money at his disposal," for the pur- ose of such compensation, " to remain as a special deposit until the Pope has ratified the said settlement, and made known his wishes " specting the distribution of such amount in this country ;

And Whereas, the said Jesuits' Estates Act recognises powers in the Holy See that are perilous to the supremacy of the Queen, in thus re- quiring its consent to legislation within her dominions and the applica- cation of public funds, and in accepting such terms as—" The Pope allows the Government to retain the proceeds of the sale of the Jesuits' Estates as a special deposit to be disposed of with the sanction of the Holy See ;

And Whereas, your petitioners contend that not even a " moral ob" ligation " exists to make " compensation " for property duly and law"

; fully taken by the Crown to the extinction of all " civil obligation

And Whereas, from the whole tenor of the negotiations on this matter, it is to be surely expected that the Holy See will apportion at least a large share of the afore -mentioned $400,000 to the Order of the Jesuits, which does not represent the Roman Catholic Church or popu- lation of Quebec as a whole, but itself alone, and is confined by law to two Archdioceses and one ;

And Whereas, no stipulation is made that the said $400,000 shall be devoted to Public Education, or any account be rendered to the Government of the use made of such public money

And Whereas, any further proceeds of the sale of the Jesuits'

Estates are not secured f «* purposes of education, but passed into the general revenue t 1 of ^'nce ;

And Whereas, final ^ropriation in the said Jesuits' Estates

Act of the sum of siy f dollars to be invested by the Protest-

1 ant Committee of t f Public Instruction for the benefit of

Protestant Institu* t education, though urgently needed and justly due, th $400,000 availnbtefor the entire popu- ;

. 23 lation of one class alike,—and though, by contrast again, to be adminis- tered under public accountability,— is liable, nevertheless, to be inter- preted as making the Protestant community consenting and approving parties to that appropriation of the $400,000, to which the grave objec- tions above recited have to be made

Therefore, that your Petitioners, being duly authorized on this be- half by the aforesaid Evangelical Alliance, do enter their solemn pro- TEST against the Act in question being carried into effect, And humbly pray that it may be disallowed by your Excellency in Council as provided by the British North America Act of 1867.

Signed on behalf of the Evangelical Alliance of the Dominion of Canada, JOHN MACDONAUD, President. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. January 10th, 1889.

NOTE.

The Rev. J. J. Roy will supply any number of copies of this publication, for general dissemination, to any one applying to him for it,

at the cost price of printing and postage. Address : Brock Terrace, Nena Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba.