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The Practice of Spiritual Direction in the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton

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The Practice of Spiritual Direction in the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton DePaul University Via Sapientiae Vincentian Digital Books Vincentian Heritage Collections 2010 The Practice of Spiritual Direction In the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Shin Ja Lee Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentian_ebooks Recommended Citation Lee, Shin Ja, "The Practice of Spiritual Direction In the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton" (2010). Vincentian Digital Books. 24. https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentian_ebooks/24 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Vincentian Heritage Collections at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vincentian Digital Books by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA The Practice of Spiritual Direction In the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Theology and Religious Studies Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Shin Ja Lee Washington. D. C. 2010 The Practice of Spiritual Direction In the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Shin Ja Lee, Ph. D. Director: Raymond Studzinski, OSB, Ph. D. Elizabeth Ann Seton became the first North American-born saint in 1975 and her sainthood was a fruit of her spiritual formation in the Episcopal and the Catholic Church. That formation qualified her as a spiritual director to her contemporaries. This dissertation examined what characterized her reception and practice of spiritual direction through an analysis of her letters, journals, meditations, her translations and works she copied. Part one of this dissertation begins with research on the North American Catholic spirituality of the 19th century in Elizabeth’s time and continues with an investigation of Elizabeth’s reception of spiritual direction. Part two investigates Elizabeth’s qualifications as a spiritual director and her practice of spiritual direction of her contemporaries. In conclusion, this dissertation presents an analysis and evaluation of Elizabeth’s spiritual direction. This dissertation demonstrates the nature of Elizabeth’s spiritual direction as incarnational which was also characteristic of the “Garden of the Soul Spirituality” of her time, as exemplified in Richard Challoner’s Garden of the Soul (1773). The prominent themes in her spiritual direction were the formation of faith, hope, and love via the process of conversion of heart, right discernment, and the Christ-centered life. She used the Scripture and spiritual writings including those of the Church Fathers as resources for her spiritual direction. This dissertation claims that Elizabeth was a qualified spiritual director and her practice of spiritual direction contributed to the enrichment of the ministry of spiritual direction. Her biblical, Eucharistic, liturgical, and ecclesiastical piety led individuals to deepen their spiritual life by following her example of piety. Her emphasis on the Christ- centered life in her spiritual direction offered insight on the method and goal of spiritual formation. Her method of spiritual direction via her letters and writings contributed to the ministry of spiritual direction by encouraging individuals by their own letters and spiritual reflections to aid others in deepening their spiritual life. ERRATA Page 140: On line 7 after the quotation, read “February 19, 1805” instead of “February 19, 1804.” Page 190: On line 2, read “March 16, 1805” instead of “March 16, 1804.” For Sister Marlene Mondalek and The Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill and For My Mother and Family iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………… viii Chapter INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………. 1 PART I. ELIZABETH SETON’S RECEPTION OF SPIRITUAL DIRECTION 1. NORTH AMERICAN CATHOLIC SPIRITUALITY: ELIZABETH SETON’S TIME (1774-1821)……………………………………. 7 1. Catholicism in North America in the Colonial Period ………………………. 8 2. Catholicism in the Republican Period………………………………………… 19 3. The Birth of the American Catholic Church…………………………………. 24 4. Garden of the Soul Spirituality in the Time of Elizabeth Seton…………………. 39 5. Summary …………………………………………………………………………… 49 2. ELIZABETH SETON’S SPIRITUAL GROWTH IN THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH………………………………………………………. 50 1. Elizabeth Seton’s Spiritual Growth in the First State of Her Life…………… 50 Initial Formation of Faith, Hope and Love in the Experience of God as Abba ……………………………………… 53 Cultural Formation in Elizabeth’s Education and Social Life…………….. 65 Spiritual Growth in the Life of Social Service and Prayer………………… 73 2. Spiritual Growth in the Second Stage of Her Life: Spiritual Growth under Influence of Rev. John Henry Hobart ……………….. 80 3. Summary ……………………………………………………………………... 110 iv Chapter 3. ELIZABETH SETON’S SPIRITUAL GROWTH IN THE VIRTUOUS LIFE IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE FILICCHI BROTHERS…………………………….. 112 1. Elizabeth Seton’s Spiritual Growth under the Guidance of the Filicchi Brothers ……………………………………….. 112 2. Summary …………………………………………………………………….. 175 4. ELIZABETH SETON’S SPIRITUAL GROWTH TOWARD UNION WITH GOD UNDER GUIDANCE OF THE CLERGY………………… 181 1. Elizabeth Seton’s Spiritual Growth under the Guidance of Bishop John Cheverus……………………………………………………….. 184 2. Elizabeth Seton’s Spiritual Growth under the Guidance of Archbishop of John Carroll …………………………………………………. 220 3. Elizabeth Seton’s Spiritual Growth under the Guidance of Rev. Simon Gabriel Bruté ………………………………………………….. 263 4. Summary ………………………………………………………………......... 305 PART II. ELIZABETH SETON’S PRACTICE OF SPIRITUAL DIRECTION 5. ELIZABETH SETON’S ROLE AS A SPIRITUAL DIRECTOR………………. 314 1. Elizabeth Seton’s Role as a Spiritual director ……………………………… 317 A Facilitator of Conversion to the Life of Faith: Formation of Faith …………………………………………………… 320 A Co-Discerner for One's Vocation in Life: Formation of Hope …………………………………………………… 327 An Advocate of the Christ-Centered Life in the Church: Formation of Love ………………………………………………….. 337 2. Elizabeth Seton’s Qualifications as a Spiritual Director …………………. 346 3. Summary …………………………………………………………………. 350 v Chapter 6. ELIZABETH SETON’S SPIRITUAL DIRECTION 1: CONVERSION TO THE LIFE OF FAITH…………………………………… 355 1. The Ultimate Goal of Human Life………………..……………………… 358 2. The Pure Intention……………………………………………………….. 367 3. The Word of God………………………………………………………… 370 4. Living in The Presence of God…………………………………………... 382 Prayer Life…………………………………………………………….. 388 Look Up……………………………………………………………….. 395 The Sacramental Life…………………………………………………. 399 5. Summary………………………………………………………………… 410 7. ELIZABETH SETON’S SPIRITUAL DIRECTION 2: DISCERNMENT IN ONE’S VOCATION IN LIFE………………………… 413 1. Discernment in the light of the Holy Spirit…………………………...... 414 2. Discernment according to the Will of God……………………………… 418 3. The Discernment of Spirits……………………………………………… 431 4. Discernment Concerning the Knowledge of Self and of God…………… 436 5. The Discernment of One’s Outlook based on Senses, Mind, and Will…………………………………………………….. 441 6. Discernment in Light of Eternal and Global Vision and Psychological Insight………………………………………………….. 445 7.Summary………………………………………………………………… 455 vi Chapter 8. ELIZABETH SETON’S SPIRITUAL DIRECTION 3: THE CHRIST-CENTERED LIFE …………………………………………… 457 1. Imitation of Jesus Christ………………………………………………… 458 2. Participation in the Passion of Jesus Christ…………………………....... 469 3. Serving Jesus Christ in His People……………………………………… 482 4. Summary……………………………………………………………....... 494 9. CONCLUSION: THE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ELIZABETH’s SPIRITUAL DIRECTION…………………………………………. 498 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….... 509 vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to express my heartfelt gratitude and acknowledge the following people who helped me in various ways so that I could complete this dissertation: - To Sister Marlene Mondalek, S.C. and the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill and to my family for their continual encouragement and support which enabled me to write this dissertation. - To Rev. Raymond Studzinski, O.S.B. who continually directed my writing, patiently critiquing each chapter and offering recommendations, affirmation and insight which enabled me to complete this work. -To. Rev. James Wiseman, O.S.B. and Rev. Regis Armstrong, OFM Cap. who offered their precious time for reading my dissertation and important advice for this work. -To Msgr. Robert Trisco and Sister Mary Elizabeth O’Brien who offered their insightful wisdom and contributed to the completion of this dissertation. -To Sister Betty Ann McNeil, D.C., archivist of the Daughters of Charity Emmitsburg, MD., who provided the manuscripts of the letters to Elizabeth from her spiritual directors which are cited in this dissertation. I also am grateful to Sister Betty Ann's archival assistants, Bonnie Weatherly, Selin James and Mary Ann Weatherly. -To Sister Claire Debes, D.C with her provincial council and to Sister Vincentia Goeb, D.C. and the Sisters of the Bethany Community of the Daughters of Charity who offered me a home and loving care during the writing of my dissertation. viii - To Sister Regina Bechtle, S.C., and Judith Metz, S.C., editors, and Dr. Ellin Kelly, the manuscript editor, of Elizabeth Bayley Seton Collected Writings, the publication of which was an invaluable aid in writing this dissertation. -To Sister Kathleen Flanagan, S.C. who offered her research on Rev. John Henry Hobart. ix INTRODUCTION Was St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton
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