Politeness Strategies in Directive Speech Act by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in Super Soul Sunday Talk Show
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT BY OPRAH WINFREY AND MICHELLE OBAMA IN SUPER SOUL SUNDAY TALK SHOW AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ANGELA THERESA Student Number: 164214039 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT BY OPRAH WINFREY AND MICHELLE OBAMA IN SUPER SOUL SUNDAY TALK SHOW AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ANGELA THERESA Student Number: 164214039 TITLE PAGE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It has been a long journey for me to achieve my degree of Sarjana Sastra finally. I would like to express my gratitude to those who are there with me and strengthen me during the process of writing this undergraduate thesis. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to God Almighty for his blessings and guidance so that I can finish my undergraduate thesis. Foremost, I respectfully express my appreciation to my advisors, Fransisca Kristanti, S.Pd., M.Hum, and Scolastica Wedhowerti, S.Pd., M.Hum. For patience, guiding, advice, and time to help me finish my undergraduate thesis. I also would like to thank my family, Mamah, Lala, and Pipin, for their never- ending supports and prayers. Also, for my college mates who have been accompanied me through college days, Kitana, Astrid, Yoninho, Ayu, Clara, and Utik. My friends who always there for me when I need support; Dhea, Eliz, and Vitta. Finally, I would like to thank everyone whose name I cannot mention one by one for the supports and best wishes. Nothing can express my gratitude to you all. I hope this thesis can be beneficial for everyone. Angela Theresa vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................ ii APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................ iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. x LIST OF TABLE.................................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ............................................................................... 3 C. Research Objectives ................................................................................. 4 D. Definition of Terms .................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................... 6 A. Review of Related Studies ....................................................................... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ..................................................................... 8 1. Pragmatics ....................................................................................... 8 2. Speech Act .................................................................................... 10 3. Directive Speech Act..................................................................... 11 4. Face ............................................................................................... 11 6. Politeness and Politeness Strategies .............................................. 14 7. Sociological Variables in Politeness Strategies ............................ 18 C. Review of Related Background ............................................................. 20 D. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 21 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 23 A. Object of the Study ................................................................................. 23 B. Approach of the Study ........................................................................... 24 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI C. Method of the Study .................................................................................... 24 1. Data Collection................................................................................... 24 2. Data Analysis ..................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................... 26 A. Politeness Strategies Used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in Super Soul Sunday Talk Show Episode Becoming ................................ 26 3. Positive Politeness Strategy .......................................................... 27 4. Bald on Record Strategy ............................................................... 36 5. Negative Politeness Strategy ......................................................... 38 B. Sociological Variables Illustrated in Each Politeness Strategy.............. 41 1. Sociological Variables Illustrated in Positive Politeness Strategy 42 2. Sociological Variables Illustrated in Bald on Record Strategy ..... 45 3. Sociological Variables Illustrated in Negative Politeness Strategy 47 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 49 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 51 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... 53 Appendix 1: The Full Transcript of the Talk Show ......................................... 53 Appendix 2: Politeness Strategies Used by Oprah ........................................... 76 Appendix 3: Politeness Strategies Used by Michelle ....................................... 79 Appendix 4: Sociological Variables Illustrated in Each Politeness Strategy by Oprah ...................................................................................................... 81 Appendix 5: Sociological Variables Illustrated in Each Politeness Strategy by Michelle.................................................................................................. 84 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FTA : Face Threatening Act S : Speaker H : Hearer x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF TABLE No. Table Page 1. Table 1. Politeness Strategies Applied by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in Super Soul Sunday Talk Show Episode Becoming 27 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT THERESA, ANGELA. (2020). Politeness Strategies in Directive Speech Act By Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in Super Soul Sunday Talk Show. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Super Soul Sunday is an inspirational American talk show hosted by Oprah Winfrey. The episode "Becoming" is chosen as the object of the study. In this episode, Michelle Obama came as the guest to share her story about the memoir she just published entitled "Becoming." Michelle is the former first lady of the U.S. episode is chosen because the interaction between Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in the talk show is interesting to discuss since Michelle comes to the talk show for a non-state event. Furthermore, in 2008, Oprah endorsed Barack Obama in the presidential election. There are two objectives of this study. The first one is to find out the types of politeness strategies in directives speech applied in Super Soul Sunday talk show. The second is to reveal the sociological variables illustrated in each politeness strategy in the talk show. This study is qualitative research by employing a pragmatic approach to answer the two research problems. The data were collected by choosing the utterances containing directive speech acts uttered by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in the talk show. Furthermore, the utterances were categorized into each type of politeness strategy. The result of the first findings was later analyzed using the theory of sociological variables to answer the second objective. The researcher found twenty-one utterances containing politeness found in the talk show. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded both Oprah and Michelle did not apply off-record strategy, negative politeness strategy was absent in Michelle's utterances, and the most used strategy is positive politeness strategy. Furthermore, the sociological