DOCSLIB.ORG

Forging Ireland: German Travel Literature 1785-1850

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forging Ireland: German Travel Literature 1785-1850 Forging Ireland: German Travel Literature 1785-1850 by Leesa Wheatley Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Presented to the School of Modern Languages, Literatures and Cultures / German National University of Ireland Maynooth September 2015 Head of School: Professor Arnd Witte Head of Subject: Dr Valerie Heffernan Supervisor of Research: Professor Florian Krobb 1 Visiting Ireland: Introduction 1 2 Framing Ireland 22 2.1 Picturesque Ireland: Compositional Techniques and Subject Matter 26 2.2 Imperfection, Improvement, Perfection 39 2.3 The Irish Sublime and Ossian 47 3 Populating the Picture 54 3.1 Visualising the Irish People 56 3.2 Breaking the Idyll 70 3.3 Aesthetics and the City 74 4 Constructing the Individual 82 4.1 Savages both Noble and Ignoble 85 4.2 Savages, Social Inequality and Middle-Class Sensibilities 89 4.3 Colonial Configurations of the Savage 99 4.4 The Violent Savage 107 4.5 Changing Perceptions of the Savage 109 5 Constructing the Collective 117 5.1 An Irish Nationalcharakter, the Protestant Nation and the Union 123 5.2 The ‘Discovery’ of Irish Folk Culture 135 5.3 Folk Culture and an Irish Nationalcharakter 142 5.4 Folk Culture and the ‘Wild Irish’ 149 6 Racialising the Irish 156 6.1 Celtic and Germanic Ireland 159 6.2 Physiognomy and Phrenology 165 6.3 Celtic and Germanic Character 169 6.4 Race and Religion 175 7 Changing Perspectives: The Emergence of Vormärz Rhetoric 183 7.1 Reconfigured Comparisons: The Animalistic and European Peripheries 188 7.2 A Freedom-Loving Oppressed People 200 7.3 Signs of (Moral) Improvement in the People: Temperance and Repeal 206 7.4 Nachrevolutionäre Misere 210 8 Volkscharakter, Volksgeist and Völkerpsychologie 219 8.1 Culture and Völkerpsychologie 224 8.2 An Irish Volksgeist 226 9 Explaining Ireland 240 9.1 Reading the Irish Landscape 242 9.2 Explaining Destituteness 252 9.3 Contesting Ireland 272 10 Knowing Ireland: Conclusion 289 11 Abbreviations 301 12 Bibliography 304 12.1 Primary Literature 12.2 Secondary Literature 311 Abstract This study discerns the patterns of perception and the modes of representation that underlie the manner in which German travel writers portrayed Ireland and the Irish people between 1785-1850. The focus is on demonstrating how individual authors are indebted to common conceptual frameworks and conventions across the time period, such as the aesthetics of the picturesque and the sublime, the discourse surrounding the savage both noble and ignoble, as well as racial, colonial and national discourses. The analysis investigates how German observers ‘make sense’ of what they see in Ireland, and how explanations reveal predispositions, (mis-)appropriations and specific agendas which both inform and curtail explainability. Moving beyond an identification of stereotypes as such, the study shows that while authors conform to similar ways of presenting the ‘new’ and the ‘other’ to domestic audiences, the same tropes and stereotypes can be employed in very different ways, depending on the agenda of individual authors and their own predilections, as well as the historical and political moment in time. The study considers how German observers construct an Irish Volk, Nation and Volksgeist, whom they count as ‘the Irish’, and what criteria constructions of ‘Irishness’ are based on (linguistic, cultural, ethnic, racial criteria). The aim is to discern how a number of discourses combined to forge a sense of an Irish community or collective, no matter how disparate that collective might be. With the emergence of the nation state as a means for political organisation around 1800, whereby a congruency between culture, geography (borders) and political organisation emerged, the study considers whether German travel writers view Ireland as a potential political entity. Thus, rather than investigating how a nation imagines itself within its own discourse, the focus is on if and how an Irish nation is ‘imagined’ into being through outside observation. 1 Visiting Ireland: Introduction Ireland as a travel destination did not come to the attention of German travellers until relatively late in the eighteenth century. Karl Gottlob Küttner’s Briefe über Irland an seinen Freund, den Herausgeber, published in 1785, form the first autoptic German travel narrative on Ireland, i.e. it is an account which was written based on an actual visit to the country and is not a translation or compilation of existing travel narratives. By way of comparison, Germans had been visiting and writing about their travels to England since the fifteenth century,1 while Scotland and Wales, much like Ireland, remained outside the scope of German travellers’ itineraries until the late eighteenth century.2 By 1850, however, around thirty first-hand German-language travel accounts on Ireland had appeared in print, a considerable sum considering there had been none just over six decades previously. The majority and the most comprehensive of these appeared between 1830 and 1850. This poses the question as to why Ireland could not excite the interest of German travellers until the late eighteenth century and what contributed to such an increase in attention between 1830 and 1850. The role England played in shaping and influencing German perceptions of Ireland until well into the nineteenth century should not be underestimated. Every single German travel writer who visited Ireland between 1775 and 1850 visited England first, indeed, for many a trip to Ireland occurred almost “per Zufall, als eine Art Ergänzung für den vorgesehenen Reisebericht”.3 At this time, Ireland was part of Great Britain, and since the Act of Union in 1801 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and visitors would probably have expected Ireland to be a microcosm of conditions in Britain. It was, after all, England which captured the attention of many German travel writers and intellectuals. England symbolised “the best form of government, the most progressive economic policies, the best international posture, the most interesting literature, and even the most admirable human characteristics that one can justifiably speak of ‘Anglomania’”.4 England was perceived by many in the German-speaking lands as the most advanced, most industrial, most middle-class country in Europe. German political and economic life, on the other hand, was characterised by ‘Kleinstaaterei’ which prohibited the flourishing of trade and industry, as well as national 1 See for example W. D. Robson-Scott: German Travellers in England, 1400-1800. Oxford: Blackwell, 1953. 2 See for example Alison Hiley: German-speaking Travellers in Scotland, 1800-1860, and Their Place in the History of European Travel Literature. 3 vols. PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985; for the Welsh context a project ‘European Travellers to Wales’ is currently being carried out collaboratively between Bangor University, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, and Swansea University which looks primarily at German and French travel writing on Wales from 1750-the present day: http://etw.bangor.ac.uk/welcome#sthash.EhxUtHgN.dpuf [accessed on 15 April 2015]. 3 Eda Sagarra: Die ‘grüne Insel’ in der deutschen Reiseliteratur. Deutsche Irlandreisende von Karl Gottlob Küttner bis Heinrich Böll. In: Hans-Wolf Jäger (ed.): Europäisches Reisen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Heidelberg: Winter, 1992, pp. 182-195, here p. 183. 4 Charles E. McClelland: The German Historians and England. A Study in Nineteenth-Century Views. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 4. 1 integration, for which England was lauded.5 Ireland, on the other hand, had no obvious political, economic or cultural reasons to attract German visitors other than that it was a part of Britain. Contact between Ireland and Germany up until the late eighteenth century was sporadic. Therefore, for centuries Ireland was viewed through an English lens, as a “koloniales Anhängsel” of Britain.6 This is reflected in eighteenth-century German encyclopaedias, as well as entries in ‘Staatsbeschreibungen’, ‘Universalhistorien’ and ‘Reisehandbücher’ where, if they exist at all, accounts of Ireland are embedded into accounts of ‘Großbritannien’. Usually, Ireland is dealt with on a few pages, almost like an afterthought to the main article. This is evident in Anton Friedrich Büsching’s Neue Erdbeschreibung of 1760, for example, where the section on Ireland (although some fifteen pages) comes at the very end of a 176-page description of Great Britain, or indeed Matthias Christian Sprengel’s Grundriss der Staatenkunde der vornehmsten europäischen Reiche in which Ireland is dealt with on two pages within an article on Great Britain of about eighty pages.7 These accounts of Ireland drew their information from English and French sources. They usually take the form of a compilation of facts, figures, place names and statistics. Even well into the nineteenth century accounts which deal with Ireland are often included within works simply entitled, for example, England im Jahre 1835.8 Among the first book-length publications on Ireland in the German language were translations of two English travel narratives: Richard Twiss’s A Tour in Ireland in 1775 and Arthur Young’s A Tour in Ireland, with general observations on the present state of that kingdom (1780), both published in German translation shortly after they first appeared in English.9 The preface to the German translation of Twiss’s travelogue is revealing. Having praised Twiss for his previous works on Spain and Portugal, the translator continues: “Es ist zwar nicht zu leugnen, daß gegenwärtige Reise durch Irrland, im Ganzen genommen, nicht so viel Merkwürdiges und Unterhaltendes in sich fasset, wie jene, allein, man würde sich sehr irren, wenn man die Schuld dem Verfasser zuschreiben wollte, da sie vielmehr dem Lande selbst beyzumessen ist”. This reflects the idea that there were, it appeared, few reasons to attract German travellers to Ireland at this time. Furthermore, the translator states that “Dasjenige, was er [Twiss] von den natürlichen Seltenheiten, und andern Merkwürdigkeiten meldet, die Auszüge, die er aus irrländischen Schriftstellern anführet, die Anmerkungen, die er 5 Cf.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The German and German-Swiss Element in South Carolina, 1732
    G3 * S^^^nSmni ^-i^MJ-^V-fef. -JL?- 1^.> Jik . mjfi m ' """ — tmn||^.' — A.B.FAUST BULLETIN of the The German and German-Swiss Element in South CaroKna 1732-1752 GILBERT P. VOIGT ^ Professor of Modern Languages in Newberry College ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE UNIVERSITY No. 113 September, 1922 COLUMBIA, S. C. Second-Class Mail Matter Jligiti7f,d hy M/rm..;nft^ %)/ i / . 1 . I I F CONTENTS Introduction I Prefach; II Page German and German-Swiss Immigration Into South Caro- lina, 1732-1752 5 Side-Lights on Conditions in Certain German Settlements in Souht Carolina, 1734-51 21 Swiss Notes on South Carolina 44 Some Saxe-Gothan Settlers 56 Digitized by Microsoft® INTRODUCTION, Professor Gilbert P. Voigt, A. M., of the chair of Modern Languages at Newberry College, was a special student at this university in 1911-12. Among his subjects of research here and in Europe in the summer of 1912, was the German element in the peopling of South Carolina from 1732-52, based mainly upon and with numerous citations from original documents. Neither Bernheim, in his History of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas, nor Faust in his German Element in the U. S., has laid due emphasis upon the social and economic life of these early German emigrants, and McCrady has barely touched upon the subject. Mr. A. S. Salley, in his valuable county history has mainly restricted himself to a story of the Germans and Swiss-Germans in Orangeburg, with some reference to Amelia and Saxe-Gotha townships. In these papers Professor Voigt has blazed the way for a complete investigation of this largely neglected and important phase of the history of South Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • What's a Palatine Anyway?
    ~~. ---,. ~-~,.,,}.',, ,, ,., ,. ~........... ~ ... --. ·-~ ~\.,---~- - . ~.- -~ ;-~~ - -- ---~~- -----~......-- . .--------. Ethnic Research · What's a Palatine, Anyvvay? James M. Beidler examines the Palatinate, Germany's emigrant hotbed for centuries. THE PALATINATE, which is now 'Comis Pala tinus ' to 'Pfalzgraf' today as the Palatinate. Less than part of the German state The original title of these courtiers 300 years later, a member of the Rhineland-Palatinate, began sup­ in Latin was comis palatinus (liter­ Wittlesbach family became plying a steady stream of immi­ ally, "companion of the palace"). Pfalzgraf as well as Herzog (duke) grants to America in the late 1n English, this title was count of Bavaria. From this date in the 1600s and contributed to the for­ palatine while in German the 1200s until the early 1800s, there mation of the was a relationship Pennsylvania between the rulers of German culture and Bavaria and of the dialect among Palatinate - culmi­ German ethnics in nating with the ruler the New World. of the Palatinak So many of the inheriting Bavaria Germans who left for in 1777. America in the 18th In the l 300s, the century were from Pfalzgraf became one the Palatinate that of the members of the the word "Palatine" Electoral College that became synonymous was responsible for with "German". This choosing the Holy is especially borne Roman Emperor. As a out in the case of the result, the area ship captains who became known as the transported these Electora I Pa la tinate, immigrants (primari­ or Kurpfalz in ly from Rotterdam to German. Philadelphia) and The Reformed were required to file religion of John lists with the Calvin and Ulrich Pennsylvania author­ Zwingli swept 11,e Palatitrate as depicted in William Blaeu's 1645 atlas Theatrum ities beginning in Orbis Terrarum.
    [Show full text]
  • Friends of SXSHS Newsletter
    Winter 2017 Friends of Schoharie Crossing Volume 20, Issue 1 State of New York Little Short of Madness, No More Andrew Cuomo On Tuesday, November 22nd, the “Little include a much more open floor plan as well Governor Short of Madness” exhibit was taken down at as an additional restroom and adjustment to NYS Office of Parks, Schoharie Crossing to prepare for a largescale the entrance of the building. Recreation, & Historic renovation of the We are excited about the progress already Preservation Visitor Center. made and have been excited to be a part of Rose Harvey New York State the planning as well as securing additional Commissioner Parks staff along funding for new exhibit elements. As a Inside this issue: with conservators Friends group for this terrific historic site, we A section of the exhibit as it once was. and Historic Sites are proud to be able to share in a vision to- Schoharie Crossing At 50 Pg 2 Site Staff & Friends Officers Bureau employees dismantled the exhibit and ward the future as well as the ongoing mis- supporting structures. Great care was taken sion to preserve and interpret the immense to properly handle, store and then transport importance of the Erie Calendar of Events items from the collection to the Historic Canal for New York Blog Update Pg 3 Preservation facility on Peebles Island in Wa- Winter Recipe and the nation! terford. These objects and artifacts will return along with an entirely new exhibit later in Visions West Pg 4 2017. The first floor of the Visitor Center will WWII & the Barge Canal receive extensive renovation during the next Agency conservators and Reflecting Back Pg 5 few months to prepare a new exhibit space curators dismantle the Geocaching Update “Little Short of Madness” for the bicentennial celebrations and into the exhibit to make way for renovations at Schoharie future for Schoharie Crossing.
    [Show full text]
  • History and the Shaping of Irish Protestantism
    Journal of the Irish Christian Study Centre Vol. 2 1984 History and the Shaping of Irish Protestantism (Based on the Annual Theological Lectures delivered at the Queen's University of Belfast, 21st and 22nd February, 1983) by DESMOND BOWEN 'History has mauled Ireland, but if we can prove ourselves able to learn from it, we may once again find ourselves in a position to teach'. James Downey, Them and Us: Britain, Ireland and the Northern Question, 1969-1982, (Dublin, 1983) The History In a world filled with insurgent ethnic groups the importance of the role of 'peoples' in world development is being increasingly recognized in our day, and Arnold Toynbee has gone so far as to argue "it is the only intelligible unit of historical study" .1 The Protestants of Ireland have until now formed a people unit with a strong sense of identity based on a configuration of political and religious symbols by which they explain their history. The social orders in both north and south which have long nurtured them are changing rapidly, however, and as a people they are now suffering from what in modern jargon is called 'an identity crisis'. They are confused with their self-image, the understanding of themselves historically, and their relationship with other peoples, which has traditionally given them their identity. This paper addresses itself to this crisis, suggesting that a new consideration of Irish Protestant historical development might be of value to them in both self-understanding, and in terms of what they might contribute to the world as a consequence of their unique historical experience.
    [Show full text]
  • 9. Gundolf's Romanticism
    https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2021 Roger Paulin This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Roger Paulin, From Goethe to Gundolf: Essays on German Literature and Culture. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2021, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0258 Copyright and permissions for the reuse of many of the images included in this publication differ from the above. Copyright and permissions information for images is provided separately in the List of Illustrations. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0258#copyright Further details about CC-BY licenses are available at, https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Updated digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0258#resources Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. ISBN Paperback: 9781800642126 ISBN Hardback: 9781800642133 ISBN Digital (PDF): 9781800642140 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 9781800642157 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9781800642164 ISBN Digital (XML): 9781800642171 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0258 Cover photo and design by Andrew Corbett, CC-BY 4.0.
    [Show full text]
  • "1683-1920"; the Fourteen Points and What Became of Them--Foreign
    ^^0^ ^oV^ '•^0^ 4^°^ '/ COPYRIGHT BY 1920 g)CU566029 ^ PUBLISHED BY CONCORD PUBLISHING COMPANY INCORPORATED NEW YORK, U. S. A. ^^^^^eM/uj^ v//^j^#<>tdio ^t^^u^^ " 1 683- 1 920 The Fourteen Points and What Became of Them— Foreign Propaganda in the Public Schools — Rewriting the History of the United States—The Espionage Act and How it Worked— "Illegal and Indefensible Blockade" of the Central Powers— 1.000.000 Victims of Starvation—Our Debt to France and to Germany—The War Uote in Congress — Truth About the Belgian Atrocities— Our Treaty with Germany and How Observed— The Alien Property Custodianship- Secret Will of Cecil Rhodes— Racial Strains in American Life — Germantown Settle- ment of 1683 And a Thousand Other Topics by Frederick Frankun Schrader Former Secretary Republican Congressional Committee and Author "Republican Campaign Text Book. 1898.** (i PREFACE WITH the ending of the war many books will be released dealing with various questions and phases of the great struggle, some of them perhaps impartial, but the majority written to make propaganda for foreign nations with a view to rendering us dissatisfied with our country and imposing still "•- -v,^^ ,it^^,n fiiA iVnorance. indifference and credulity of the Amer- NOTE The short quotations from Mere Literature, by President raised Wi -fvr'i oodrow Wilson, printed on pages II, 95, 166, 224, and 226 of ,, this volume are used by special arrangement with Messrs. Houghton g and Mifflin Company, A blanket indictment has been found against a whole race. That race comprises upward of 26 per cent, of the American people and has been a stalwart factor in American life since the middle of the seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project RICHARD A. BUCKLEY Interviewed By: Char
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project RICHARD A. BUCKLEY Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: April 26, 2018 Copyright 2020 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Little Falls, New York, August, 1934 BA in Business, Niagara University 1952–1957 Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), Fort Sill 1956–1958 LLD, Loyola University New Orleans College of Law 1960–1965 Accountant for Pan-American Life Insurance—New Orleans, Louisiana 1960–1965 Fort Polk, Louisiana—First Lieutenant for National Guard reserve 1961–1962 Berlin Wall is built Washington, DC—Lawyer for the U.S. Department of Justice 1965–1966 New Orleans, Louisiana—Assistant Professor at Loyola University 1966–1967 Formulate a legal service program New Orleans, Louisiana—Director for legal service program 1968–1970 Segregation in Louisiana followed by lawsuits Ketchikan, Alaska—Director for Alaska Legal Services 1971 Discrimination in the Southern justice system Houston, Texas—Working on Supreme Court Johnson​ vs. Louisiana ​case 1971–1972 Washington, DC—Deputy Director of the legal services training program 1972–1976 Meets and forms relationship with Prudence Bushnell Dallas, Texas—Director for Dallas legal services 1978–1981 Marries Prudence Bushnell Spouse Prudence Bushnell enters the Foreign Service 1981 Dakar, Senegal—Trailing Spouse 1982–1984 1 Training Consultant to USAID Community Liaison Officer West Africa Invitational Softball Tournament (WAIST) Mumbai (Bombay), India—Management Consultant Training
    [Show full text]
  • British Motives in the Settlement of German Palatines in Colonial New York
    Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 5 November 2018 British Motives in the Settlement of German Palatines in Colonial New York Adam G. Novey Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh Part of the European History Commons, Labor History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Novey, Adam G. (2018) "British Motives in the Settlement of German Palatines in Colonial New York," Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh/vol2/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. British Motives in the Settlement of German Palatines in Colonial New York Abstract In 1710, a group of German Palatine refugees landed in the New World courtesy of Britain’s Queen Anne. While British propaganda boasted charitable and religious motives behind the Palatine relocation to America—particularly in light of the Catholic-Protestant feud gripping Europe at that time—the historical record paints an alternative picture. Based on the evidence, the move was predominantly an act of convenience and profit ot the Crown. Britain had a need to remove excess poor from its midst, make its northerly Colonies profitable, and ensure Colonial security in the face of Iroquois threat. England viewed the Palatines as an ethnically homogenous people whom they could exploit to meet these economic and security needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Continental Europeans in British America, Selections, 1687-1758
    National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox Becoming American: The British Atlantic Colonies, 1690-1763 Library of Congress “I will not praise much nor complain” Continental Europeans in Nova Scotia British America Massachusetts * New York Selections from letters, petitions, and Pennsylvania other documents, 1687-1758 Before 1680, eighty-five to ninety percent of the British colonists were British ⎯ English, Scotch, North Carolina Welsh, and Irish. But after 1680, notes historian Jon Butler, “the British mainland colonies became a haven for non-English Europeans.”1 They fled war, Georgia poverty, and religious persecution. They emigrated to join relatives and fellow church members in fledgling settlements in America. They were even recruited by the British government, desperate to A New Map of North America from the Latest Discoveries, 1763, detail increase its colonies’ population without depleting its red: British territory green: French territory yellow: Spanish territory home labor supply. The effect on colonial America __________________ was transforming. 1687: A French Huguenot (Protestant) reports on his arrival with thirty These selections, written by and about non-British families to settle in the new town of Oxford, Massachusetts. European immigrants, focus on their experience as 1698: Francis Daniel Pastorius, founder of German Town, Pennsylva- minority residents in the British colonies. Why did nia (1683), responds to questions from his father in Germany. they decide to emigrate? How were their new lives 1711: Swiss Protestants, newly arrived to create a settlement in North influenced by their non-British status? What did they Carolina (New Bern), write to relatives in Switzerland. tell their families in Europe? How did they and the British colonists relate to each other? The six groups 1719: The early years of Newburgh, the first German “Palatine” represented in these seven selections are: settlement in New York, are described by a Lutheran minister.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilogue 307
    Epilogue 307 Epilogue n July 19, 1916, Senator J. H. Gallinger refreshed the memories of his colleagues in the Senate chamber on Sternberg’s remarkable career and accomplishments. His intention was to sponsor a bill that would obtain a Omore adequate pension for Mrs. Sternberg. Congress had become more parsimo- nious in granting pensions to the widows of general officers, and $50 per month was the limit set by the committee on pensions in both the House and Senate. Gallinger acknowledged this fact, but declared Mrs. Sternberg’s case was unique because of her husband’s accomplishments. He presented supporting letters from Surgeon General William Gorgas, General Leonard Wood, George Kober, and Elihu Root. Root’s eloquent words summarized the feelings of these men and many oth- ers who had known and worked with Sternberg: “Senator Gallinger’s bill does not rest alone upon long and faithful service…but chiefly and distinctively upon the great part which General Sternberg played in the service rendered by the Medi- cal Corps of the Army in the nine years during which he was Surgeon General. The practical extirpation of yellow fever in Cuba and on the Isthmus of Panama and the development of methods of preventive medicine, which have secured the phenomenal freedom from typhoid in recent years, are achievements in which the Medical Corps of the Army bore a great part and won the highest distinction. Congress has paid great honor to the medical officers who in the field and in the camp became distinguished for their part in this extraordinary work.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonel Stephen Balliet : Soldier, Patriot and Statesman of The
    ':> l^: ^\ ^^l-v '\''M k:^:'-' m ,^*ft^.<. :h j Colonel Stephen Balliet) Soldier^ Patriot and Statesman of the Revolution PART ONE His Ancestry, Youth and Education By JAMES B. LAUX ALLENTOWN, PA. 1918 Published By THE LEHIGH COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY 4^ / /^^ /-'—-j-«-« ' 1nnf^.^w^ n<Tn/ tnnrv t nt^nr .c=oo Soldier, Patriot and Statesman of the Revolution— His Ancestry, Youth and Education By JAMES B. LAUX » -» I I t rmnt ^nnni uinni inrmnnru t nnru \nn-„ —m? Fellow Members of the Lehigh County Historical Society; Ladies and Gentle- men: The name of Stephen Balliet is, I am sure, familiar to every member of our Society, and to every citizen of (Lehigh and Northampton Counties claiming descent from the old Colonial and Revolutionary families. If, how- ever, you were asked to give an account of his career you would, I greatly fear, be compelled to acknowledge that you remembered him only as a legendary hero of the Lehigh Valley, a man of distinction, highly honored, who had done great things in his day and generation, the memory of which had come down to you in a traditional way, but which, like all things tradi- tional, was a very hazy and indefinite thing. Though you were quite sure that he was something more than a mere legendary character you would find it impossible to relate the incidents of his public life, to say nothing of his family history, if you relied upon the printed page for a complete record of his services. A few years ago I would have made this same confession, had I too been asked for a definite account of his life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of the Palatines. an Episode in Colonial History
    ^, .-^^ a 0^ v^^"V .-V xoo,, -^.^ v-^^ -^ '\^' '^^^ '^^'" ' ^^' ,^^'' \0 c> "^.s" >'^ V V\ ., ' ' oo^ The Story of the An E History By Sanford H. Cobb New York & London G. P. Putnam's Sons 1897 t\ Bj transfer Pi3 '^ L. '— ''^ Copyright, 1897 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Entered at Stationers' Hall, London TEbe Itniclierbocher prces, flew fiork TO THE CHILDREN OF THE PALATINES MY OLD PARISHIONERS IN THE HIGH-DUTCH CHURCHES OF SCHOHARIE AND SAUGERTIES PREFATORY NOTE. MANY letters, received since the fact be- came known that the pubhcation of this Story of the Palatines was con- templated, render it proper to state, by way of preface, that the book is purely historical and in no sense genealogical. The sole attempt has been to narrate, in as brief compass as was consistent with the value and interest of the facts, the story of a people. The tracing of the lines of family descent did not come within the scope of such a narrative. To do that for all the Palatines would be work for more than a lifetime ; and were it done, the record thereof would be out of place in a book designed for the general historical student. Nor has any attempt been made to transfer to these pages the name-lists of the several immigrations. The Docjimentary History of vi Prefatory Note New York contains the list of those who came in 1 708 with Kockerthal, and also some names of those settled at the two Camps. The Penn- sylvania Archives contain lists of over thirty thousand names of those who came to Penn- sylvania.
    [Show full text]